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Li X, Zhang S, Guo R, Xiao X, Liu B, Mahmoud RK, Abukhadra MR, Qu R, Wang Z. Transformation and Degradation of PAH Mixture in Contaminated Sites: Clarifying Their Interactions with Native Soil Organisms. TOXICS 2024; 12:361. [PMID: 38787140 PMCID: PMC11126024 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), especially caused by the mixture of two or more PAHs, raised great environmental concerns. However, research on the migration and transformation processes of PAHs in soils and their interactions with native communities is limited. In this work, soil samples from uncontaminated sites around the industrial parks in Handan, Hengshui, and Shanghai were artificially supplemented with three concentrations of anthracene (Ant), 9-chloroanthracene (9-ClAnt), benzopyrene (BaP), and chrysene (Chr). Ryegrass was planted to investigate the degradation of PAHs and its interaction with native soil organisms in the constructed ryegrass-microbe-soil microcosmic system. The bacterial and fungal communities in soil were affected by PAHs; their species diversity and relative abundance changed after exposure to different concentrations of PAHs, among which Lysobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Massilia bacteria were correlated to the degradation of PAHs. On the 56th day, the contents of BaP, Chr, and Ant decreased with the degradation process, while the degradation of 9-ClAnt was limited. Nineteen intermediates, including hydroxylation and carboxylated compounds, were identified. The present research would help clarify the potential interactions between PAHs and native organisms in contaminated sites, providing fundamental information for evaluating the transformation risks of PAHs in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruixue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuejing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Boying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | | | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Materials Technologies and Their Applications Lab, Faculty of Science, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Ruijuan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Rani MHS, Nandana RK, Khatun A, Brindha V, Midhun D, Gowtham P, Mani SSD, Kumar SR, Aswini A, Muthukumar S. Three strategy rules of filamentous fungi in hydrocarbon remediation: an overview. Biodegradation 2024:10.1007/s10532-024-10086-1. [PMID: 38733427 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Remediation of hydrocarbon contaminations requires much attention nowadays since it causes detrimental effects on land and even worse impacts on aquatic environments. Tools of bioremediation especially filamentous fungi permissible for cleaning up as much as conceivable, at least they turn into non-toxic residues with less consumed periods. Inorganic chemicals, CO2, H2O, and cell biomass are produced as a result of the breakdown and mineralization of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants. This paper presents a detailed overview of three strategic rules of filamentous fungi in remediating the various aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds: utilizing carbons from hydrocarbons as sole energy, Co-metabolism manners (Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic theories), and Biosorption approaches. Upliftment in the degradation rate of complex hydrocarbon by the Filamentous Fungi in consortia scenario we can say, "Fungal Talk", which includes a variety of cellular mechanisms, including biosurfactant production, biomineralization, and precipitation, etc., This review not only displays its efficiency but showcases the field applications - cost-effective, reliable, eco-friendly, easy to culture as biomass, applicable in both land and any water bodies in operational environment cleanups. Nevertheless, the potentiality of fungi-human interaction has not been fully understood, henceforth further studies are highly endorsed with spore pathogenicity of the fungal species capable of high remediation rate, and the gene knockout study, if the specific peptides cause toxicity to any living matters via Genomics and Proteomics approaches, before application of any in situ or ex situ environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Nandana
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Alisha Khatun
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Velumani Brindha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Durairaj Midhun
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ponnusamy Gowtham
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | - Anguraj Aswini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sugumar Muthukumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, India
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3
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Jorge JMP, Martins C, Domingos P, Martins TM, Hartmann DO, Goldman GH, Silva Pereira C. NmrB ( AN9181) expression is activated under oxidative stress conditions acting as a metabolic repressor of Aspergillus nidulans. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1373469. [PMID: 38699477 PMCID: PMC11063244 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1373469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergilli comprise a diversity of species that have been extensively studied due to their catabolic diversity, biotechnological and ecological value, and pathogenicity. An impressive level of structural and functional conservation has been shown for aspergilli, regardless of many (yet) cryptic genomic elements. We have hypothesized the existence of conserved genes responsive to stress in aspergilli. To test the hypothesis of such conserved stress regulators in aspergilli, a straightforward computational strategy integrating well-established bioinformatic tools was used as the starting point. Specifically, five transcriptome-based datasets on exposure to organic compounds were used, covering three distinct Aspergillus species. Among the identified up-regulated genes, only one gene showed the same response in all conditions, AN9181. This gene encodes a protein containing a phenylcoumaran benzylic ether reductase-like domain and a Nitrogen metabolite repressor regulator domain (NmrA). Deletion of this gene caused significant phenotypic alterations compared to that of the parental strain across diverse conditions. Specifically, the deletion of AN9181 raised the mutant's metabolic activity in different nitrogen sources. The acquired data supports that AN9181 acts by repressing (slowing down) A. nidulans growth when exposed to aromatic compounds in a concentration dependent manner. The same phenotype was observed for amphotericin B. Finally, AN9181 underwent differential upregulation under oxidative stress conditions. Collectively, the data suggest that AN9181, herein assigned as NmrB (Nitrogen Metabolite Repression Regulator B), builds up the genetic machinery of perception of oxidative stress by negatively regulating growth under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M. P. Jorge
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Celso Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Domingos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago M. Martins
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Diego O. Hartmann
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Silva Pereira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, NOVA University Lisbon, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
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Khan MF, Hof C, Niemcová P, Murphy CD. Recent advances in fungal xenobiotic metabolism: enzymes and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:296. [PMID: 37658215 PMCID: PMC10474215 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03737-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Fungi have been extensively studied for their capacity to biotransform a wide range of natural and xenobiotic compounds. This versatility is a reflection of the broad substrate specificity of fungal enzymes such as laccases, peroxidases and cytochromes P450, which are involved in these reactions. This review gives an account of recent advances in the understanding of fungal metabolism of drugs and pollutants such as dyes, agrochemicals and per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), and describes the key enzymes involved in xenobiotic biotransformation. The potential of fungi and their enzymes in the bioremediation of polluted environments and in the biocatalytic production of important compounds is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Faheem Khan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carina Hof
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricie Niemcová
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cormac D Murphy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Meng FZ, Wang ZQ, Luo M, Wei WK, Yin LF, Yin WX, Schnabel G, Luo CX. The velvet family proteins mediate low resistance to isoprothiolane in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011011. [PMID: 37276223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoprothiolane (IPT) resistance has emerged in Magnaporthe oryzae, due to the long-term usage of IPT to control rice blast in China, yet the mechanisms of the resistance remain largely unknown. Through IPT adaptation on PDA medium, we obtained a variety of IPT-resistant mutants. Based on their EC50 values to IPT, the resistant mutants were mainly divided into three distinct categories, i.e., low resistance (LR, 6.5 ≤ EC50 < 13.0 μg/mL), moderate resistance 1 (MR-1, 13.0 ≤ EC50 < 25.0 μg/mL), and moderate resistance 2 (MR-2, 25.0 ≤ EC50 < 35.0 μg/mL). Molecular analysis of MoIRR (Magnaporthe oryzae isoprothiolane resistance related) gene demonstrated that it was associated only with the moderate resistance in MR-2 mutants, indicating that other mechanisms were associated with resistance in LR and MR-1 mutants. In this study, we mainly focused on the characterization of low resistance to IPT in M. oryzae. Mycelial growth and conidial germination were significantly reduced, indicating fitness penalties in LR mutants. Based on the differences of whole genome sequences between parental isolate and LR mutants, we identified a conserved MoVelB gene, encoding the velvet family transcription factor, and genetic transformation of wild type isolate verified that MoVelB gene was associated with the low resistance. Based on molecular analysis, we further demonstrated that the velvet family proteins VelB and VeA were indispensable for IPT toxicity and the deformation of the VelB-VeA-LaeA complex played a vital role for the low IPT-resistance in M. oryzae, most likely through the down-regulation of the secondary metabolism-related genes or CYP450 genes to reduce the toxicity of IPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Zhu Meng
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuo-Qian Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Science, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Luo
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Kai Wei
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-Fen Yin
- The Experimental Teaching Center of Crop Science, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Yin
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- The Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Experimental Teaching Center of Crop Science, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Ghosh S, Rusyn I, Dmytruk OV, Dmytruk KV, Onyeaka H, Gryzenhout M, Gafforov Y. Filamentous fungi for sustainable remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal and oil hydrocarbons. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1106973. [PMID: 36865030 PMCID: PMC9971017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1106973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive summary of the latest research in the field of bioremediation with filamentous fungi. The main focus is on the issue of recent progress in remediation of pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metal treatment and oil hydrocarbons mycoremediation that are usually insufficiently represented in other reviews. It encompasses a variety of cellular mechanisms involved in bioremediation used by filamentous fungi, including bio-adsorption, bio-surfactant production, bio-mineralization, bio-precipitation, as well as extracellular and intracellular enzymatic processes. Processes for wastewater treatment accomplished through physical, biological, and chemical processes are briefly described. The species diversity of filamentous fungi used in pollutant removal, including widely studied species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Verticillium, Phanerochaete and other species of Basidiomycota and Zygomycota are summarized. The removal efficiency of filamentous fungi and time of elimination of a wide variety of pollutant compounds and their easy handling make them excellent tools for the bioremediation of emerging contaminants. Various types of beneficial byproducts made by filamentous fungi, such as raw material for feed and food production, chitosan, ethanol, lignocellulolytic enzymes, organic acids, as well as nanoparticles, are discussed. Finally, challenges faced, future prospects, and how innovative technologies can be used to further exploit and enhance the abilities of fungi in wastewater remediation, are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa,*Correspondence: Soumya Ghosh, ,
| | - Iryna Rusyn
- Department of Ecology and Sustainaible Environmental Management, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Olena V. Dmytruk
- Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Kostyantyn V. Dmytruk
- Institute of Cell Biology NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine,Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Yusufjon Gafforov
- Mycology Laboratory, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,AKFA University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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DhDIT2 Encodes a Debaryomyces hansenii Cytochrome P450 Involved in Benzo(a)pyrene Degradation-A Proposal for Mycoremediation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111150. [PMID: 36354917 PMCID: PMC9698926 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), e.g., benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), are common components of contaminating mixtures. Such compounds are ubiquitous, extremely toxic, and they pollute soils and aquatic niches. The need for new microorganism-based remediation strategies prompted researchers to identify the most suitable organisms to eliminate pollutants without interfering with the ecosystem. We analyzed the effect caused by BaP on the growth properties of Candida albicans, Debaryomyces hansenii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Their ability to metabolize BaP was also evaluated. The aim was to identify an optimal candidate to be used as the central component of a mycoremediation strategy. The results show that all four yeast species metabolized BaP by more than 70%, whereas their viability was not affected. The best results were observed for D. hansenii. When an incubation was performed in the presence of a cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor, no BaP degradation was observed. Thus, the initial oxidation step is mediated by a CYP enzyme. Additionally, this study identified the D. hansenii DhDIT2 gene as essential to perform the initial degradation of BaP. Hence, we propose that D. hansenii and a S. cerevisiae expressing the DhDIT2 gene are suitable candidates to degrade BaP in contaminated environments.
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Long T, Wan H, Zhang J, Wu J, Liang JX, Zhu C. The High-Effective Catalytic Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Mn-Corrolazine Regulated by Oriented External Electric Field: Insight From DFT Study. Front Chem 2022; 10:884105. [PMID: 35720998 PMCID: PMC9201028 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.884105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by Mn-corrolazine and its regulation by an oriented external electronic field (OEEF) were systematically studied using first-principle calculations. Extensive density function calculations showed that the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by Mn-corrolazine occurs via a three-step process in the absence of OEEF, in which a more toxic and stable epoxide intermediate is generated. However, upon application of OEEF along the intrinsic Mn-O reaction axis, the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene is greatly simplified. The negative charge on the terminal O atom of Mn-OO corrolazine increases with an increase in the OEEF intensity. As the intensity of the OEEF increases over 0.004 a.u., the negatively charged terminal O atom has the ability to directly abstract the positively charged H atom of BaP and the degradation of BaP into hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene can be completed via a one-step process, avoiding the production of more toxic epoxide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tairen Long
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyan Wan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Jie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin-Xia Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Xia Liang, ; Chun Zhu,
| | - Chun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Xia Liang, ; Chun Zhu,
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9
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Nguyen TLA, Dao ATN, Dang HTC, Koekkoek J, Brouwer A, de Boer TE, van Spanning RJM. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) by fungi originating from Vietnam. Biodegradation 2022; 33:301-316. [PMID: 35499742 PMCID: PMC9106640 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-09982-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three different fungi were tested for their ability to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and for the role of laccases and cytochromes P450-type in this process. We studied a white-rot fungus Rigidoporus sp. FMD21, which has a high laccase activity, for its efficiency to degrade these herbicides. A positive correlation was found between its laccase activity and the corresponding herbicide degradation rate. Even more, the doubling of the enzyme activity in this phase corresponded with a doubling of the herbicide degradation rate. It is, therefore, tempting to speculate that laccase is the most dominant enzyme in the degradation of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T under these conditions. In addition, it was shown that Rigidoporus sp. FMD21 partly relies on cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides as well. Two filamentous fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with herbicides and dioxins located at Bien Hoa airbase. They belong to genera Fusarium and Verticillium of the phylum Ascomycota as judged by their 18S rRNA gene sequences. Both isolated fungi were able to degrade the herbicides but with different rates. Their laccase activity, however, was very low and did not correlate with the rate of breakdown of the herbicides. These data indicate that the white-rot fungus most likely synthesizes laccase and cytochromes P450-type for the breakdown of the herbicides, while the types of enzyme used for the breakdown of the herbicides by the two Ascomycota remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Lan Anh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thi Ngoc Dao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ha Thi Cam Dang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jacco Koekkoek
- Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Brouwer
- BioDetection Systems, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjalf E de Boer
- MicroLife Solutions, Science Park 406, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J M van Spanning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Fischer MS, Stark FG, Berry TD, Zeba N, Whitman T, Traxler MF. Pyrolyzed Substrates Induce Aromatic Compound Metabolism in the Post-fire Fungus, Pyronema domesticum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729289. [PMID: 34777277 PMCID: PMC8579045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildfires represent a fundamental and profound disturbance in many ecosystems, and their frequency and severity are increasing in many regions of the world. Fire affects soil by removing carbon in the form of CO2 and transforming remaining surface carbon into pyrolyzed organic matter (PyOM). Fires also generate substantial necromass at depths where the heat kills soil organisms but does not catalyze the formation of PyOM. Pyronema species strongly dominate soil fungal communities within weeks to months after fire. However, the carbon pool (i.e., necromass or PyOM) that fuels their rise in abundance is unknown. We used a Pyronema domesticum isolate from the catastrophic 2013 Rim Fire (CA, United States) to ask whether P. domesticum is capable of metabolizing PyOM. Pyronema domesticum grew readily on agar media where the sole carbon source was PyOM (specifically, pine wood PyOM produced at 750°C). Using RNAseq, we investigated the response of P. domesticum to PyOM and observed a comprehensive induction of genes involved in the metabolism and mineralization of aromatic compounds, typical of those found in PyOM. Lastly, we used 13C-labeled 750°C PyOM to demonstrate that P. domesticum is capable of mineralizing PyOM to CO2. Collectively, our results indicate a robust potential for P. domesticum to liberate carbon from PyOM in post-fire ecosystems and return it to the bioavailable carbon pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika S. Fischer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Frances Grace Stark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Timothy D. Berry
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nayela Zeba
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thea Whitman
- Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew F. Traxler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Commensal-Related Changes in the Epidermal Barrier Function Lead to Alterations in the Benzo[ a]Pyrene Metabolite Profile and Its Distribution in 3D Skin. mBio 2021; 12:e0122321. [PMID: 34579573 PMCID: PMC8546866 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01223-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) are among the most abundant environmental pollutants, resulting in continuous exposure of human skin and its microbiota. However, effects of the latter on B[a]P toxicity, absorption, metabolism, and distribution in humans remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the skin microbiota does metabolize B[a]P on and in human skin in situ, using a recently developed commensal skin model. In this model, microbial metabolism leads to high concentrations of known microbial B[a]P metabolites on the surface as well as in the epidermal layers. In contrast to what was observed for uncolonized skin, B[a]P and its metabolites were subject to altered rates of skin penetration and diffusion, resulting in up to 58% reduction of metabolites recovered from basal culture medium. The results indicate the reason for this altered behavior to be a microbially induced strengthening of the epidermal barrier. Concomitantly, colonized models showed decreased formation and penetration of the ultimate carcinogen B[a]P-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), leading, in consequence, to fewer BPDE-DNA adducts being formed. Befittingly, transcript and expression levels of key proteins for repairing environmentally induced DNA damage such as xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) were also found to be reduced in the commensal models, as was expression of B[a]P-associated cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases (CYPs). The results show that the microbiome can have significant effects on the toxicology of external chemical impacts. The respective effects rely on a complex interplay between microbial and host metabolism and microbe-host interactions, all of which cannot be adequately assessed using single-system studies.
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Yang Y, Zhang ZW, Liu RX, Ju HY, Bian XK, Zhang WZ, Zhang CB, Yang T, Guo B, Xiao CL, Bai H, Lu WY. Research progress in bioremediation of petroleum pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46877-46893. [PMID: 34254241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the enhancement of environmental protection awareness, research on the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon environmental pollution has intensified. Bioremediation has received more attention due to its high efficiency, environmentally friendly by-products, and low cost compared with the commonly used physical and chemical restoration methods. In recent years, bacterium engineered by systems biology strategies have achieved biodegrading of many types of petroleum pollutants. Those successful cases show that systems biology has great potential in strengthening petroleum pollutant degradation bacterium and accelerating bioremediation. Systems biology represented by metabolic engineering, enzyme engineering, omics technology, etc., developed rapidly in the twentieth century. Optimizing the metabolic network of petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacterium could achieve more concise and precise bioremediation by metabolic engineering strategies; biocatalysts with more stable and excellent catalytic activity could accelerate the process of biodegradation by enzyme engineering; omics technology not only could provide more optional components for constructions of engineered bacterium, but also could obtain the structure and composition of the microbial community in polluted environments. Comprehensive microbial community information lays a certain theoretical foundation for the construction of artificial mixed microbial communities for bioremediation of petroleum pollution. This article reviews the application of systems biology in the enforce of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation bacteria and the construction of a hybrid-microbial degradation system. Then the challenges encountered in the process and the application prospects of bioremediation are discussed. Finally, we provide certain guidance for the bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
- CNOOC EnerTech-Safety & Environmental Protection Co., Tianwei Industrial Park, No. 75 Taihua Rd, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Rui-Xia Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hai-Yan Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xue-Ke Bian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wan-Ze Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ting Yang
- CNOOC EnerTech-Safety & Environmental Protection Co., Tianwei Industrial Park, No. 75 Taihua Rd, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Bing Guo
- CNOOC EnerTech-Safety & Environmental Protection Co., Tianwei Industrial Park, No. 75 Taihua Rd, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Chen-Lei Xiao
- CNOOC EnerTech-Safety & Environmental Protection Co., Tianwei Industrial Park, No. 75 Taihua Rd, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - He Bai
- China Offshore Environmental Service Ltd., Tianwei Industrial Park, No. 75 Taihua Rd, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- Tianjin Huakan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., No. 67 Guangrui West Rd, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300170, China.
| | - Wen-Yu Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Ya Guan Rd, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Ijoma GN, Heri SM, Matambo TS, Tekere M. Trends and Applications of Omics Technologies to Functional Characterisation of Enzymes and Protein Metabolites Produced by Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:700. [PMID: 34575737 PMCID: PMC8464691 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and adopting industrial applications for proteins and enzymes derived from fungi strains have been at the focal point of several studies in recent times. To facilitate such studies, it is necessary that advancements and innovation in mycological and molecular characterisation are concomitant. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the necessary steps employed in both qualitative and quantitative research using the omics technologies that are pertinent to fungi characterisation. This stems from the understanding that data provided from the functional characterisation of fungi and their metabolites is important towards the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of biological products. The review further describes how the functional gaps left by genomics, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) regions are addressed by transcriptomics and the various techniques and platforms utilised, including quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), hybridisation techniques, and RNA-seq, and the insights such data provide on the effect of environmental changes on fungal enzyme production from an expressional standpoint. The review also offers information on the many available bioinformatics tools of analysis necessary for the analysis of the overwhelming data synonymous with the omics approach to fungal characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace N. Ijoma
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Sylvie M. Heri
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Tonderayi S. Matambo
- Institute for the Development of Energy for African Sustainability (IDEAS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (S.M.H.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Memory Tekere
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, P.O. Box 392, UNISA, Pretoria 0001, South Africa;
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Xu A, Zhang X, Wu S, Xu N, Huang Y, Yan X, Zhou J, Cui Z, Dong W. Pollutant Degrading Enzyme: Catalytic Mechanisms and Their Expanded Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:4751. [PMID: 34443339 PMCID: PMC8401168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of environmental pollution by microorganisms and their enzymes is an innovative and socially acceptable alternative to traditional remediation approaches. Microbial biodegradation is often characterized with high efficiency as this process is catalyzed via degrading enzymes. Various naturally isolated microorganisms were demonstrated to have considerable ability to mitigate many environmental pollutants without external intervention. However, only a small fraction of these strains are studied in detail to reveal the mechanisms at the enzyme level, which strictly limited the enhancement of the degradation efficiency. Accordingly, this review will comprehensively summarize the function of various degrading enzymes with an emphasis on catalytic mechanisms. We also inspect the expanded applications of these pollutant-degrading enzymes in industrial processes. An in-depth understanding of the catalytic mechanism of enzymes will be beneficial for exploring and exploiting more degrading enzyme resources and thus ameliorate concerns associated with the ineffective biodegradation of recalcitrant and xenobiotic contaminants with the help of gene-editing technology and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shilei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.H.); (X.Y.)
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, China; (A.X.); (X.Z.); (S.W.); (N.X.); (J.Z.)
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Ganesh Kumar A, Manisha D, Sujitha K, Magesh Peter D, Kirubagaran R, Dharani G. Genome sequence analysis of deep sea Aspergillus sydowii BOBA1 and effect of high pressure on biodegradation of spent engine oil. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9347. [PMID: 33931710 PMCID: PMC8087790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep-sea fungus Aspergillus sydowii BOBA1 isolated from marine sediment at a depth of 3000 m was capable of degrading spent engine (SE) oil. The response of immobilized fungi towards degradation at elevated pressure was studied in customized high pressure reactors without any deviation in simulating in situ deep-sea conditions. The growth rate of A. sydowii BOBA1 in 0.1 MPa was significantly different from the growth at 10 MPa pressure. The degradation percentage reached 71.2 and 82.5% at atmospheric and high pressure conditions, respectively, within a retention period of 21 days. The complete genome sequence of BOBA1 consists of 38,795,664 bp in size, comprises 2582 scaffolds with predicted total coding genes of 18,932. A total of 16,247 genes were assigned with known functions and many families found to have a potential role in PAHs and xenobiotic compound metabolism. Functional genes controlling the pathways of hydrocarbon and xenobiotics compound degrading enzymes such as dioxygenase, decarboxylase, hydrolase, reductase and peroxidase were identified. The spectroscopic and genomic analysis revealed the presence of combined catechol, gentisate and phthalic acid degradation pathway. These results of degradation and genomic studies evidenced that this deep-sea fungus could be employed to develop an eco-friendly mycoremediation technology to combat the oil polluted marine environment. This study expands our knowledge on piezophilic fungi and offer insight into possibilities about the fate of SE oil in deep-sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ganesh Kumar
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Manisha
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
| | - K. Sujitha
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
| | - D. Magesh Peter
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Kirubagaran
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
| | - G. Dharani
- grid.454780.a0000 0001 0683 2228Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, Chennai, 600100 Tamil Nadu India
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Medaura MC, Guivernau M, Moreno-Ventas X, Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Viñas M. Bioaugmentation of Native Fungi, an Efficient Strategy for the Bioremediation of an Aged Industrially Polluted Soil With Heavy Hydrocarbons. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:626436. [PMID: 33868189 PMCID: PMC8044458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.626436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The concurrence of structurally complex petroleum-associated contaminants at relatively high concentrations, with diverse climatic conditions and textural soil characteristics, hinders conventional bioremediation processes. Recalcitrant compounds such as high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW-PAHs) and heavy alkanes commonly remain after standard soil bioremediation at concentrations above regulatory limits. The present study assessed the potential of native fungal bioaugmentation as a strategy to promote the bioremediation of an aged industrially polluted soil enriched with heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Microcosms assays were performed by means of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, by inoculating a defined consortium of six potentially hydrocarbonoclastic fungi belonging to the genera Penicillium, Ulocladium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium, which were isolated previously from the polluted soil. The biodegradation performance of fungal bioaugmentation was compared with soil biostimulation (water and nutrient addition) and with untreated soil as a control. Fungal bioaugmentation resulted in a higher biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and of HMW-PAHs than with biostimulation. TPH (C14-C35) decreased by a 39.90 ± 1.99% in bioaugmented microcosms vs. a 24.17 ± 1.31% in biostimulated microcosms. As for the effect of fungal bioaugmentation on HMW-PAHs, the 5-ringed benzo(a)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene were reduced by a 36% and 46%, respectively, while the 6-ringed benzoperylene decreased by a 28%, after 120 days of treatment. Biostimulated microcosm exhibited a significantly lower reduction of 5- and 6-ringed PAHs (8% and 5% respectively). Higher TPH and HMW-PAHs biodegradation levels in bioaugmented microcosms were also associated to a significant decrease in acute ecotoxicity (EC50) by Vibrio fischeri bioluminiscence inhibition assays. Molecular profiling and counting of viable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria from soil microcosms revealed that fungal bioaugmentation promoted the growth of autochthonous active hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The implementation of such an approach to enhance hydrocarbon biodegradation should be considered as a novel bioremediation strategy for the treatment of the most recalcitrant and highly genotoxic hydrocarbons in aged industrially polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam Guivernau
- GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Moreno-Ventas
- Department of Sciences and Techniques in Water and Environment, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Marc Viñas
- GIRO Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain
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Transcriptomic, Protein-DNA Interaction, and Metabolomic Studies of VosA, VelB, and WetA in Aspergillus nidulans Asexual Spores. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03128-20. [PMID: 33563821 PMCID: PMC7885118 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03128-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a vast number of asexual spores that act as efficient propagules. Due to their infectious and/or allergenic nature, fungal spores affect our daily life. Aspergillus species produce asexual spores called conidia; their formation involves morphological development and metabolic changes, and the associated regulatory systems are coordinated by multiple transcription factors (TFs). In filamentous fungi, asexual development involves cellular differentiation and metabolic remodeling leading to the formation of intact asexual spores. The development of asexual spores (conidia) in Aspergillus is precisely coordinated by multiple transcription factors (TFs), including VosA, VelB, and WetA. Notably, these three TFs are essential for the structural and metabolic integrity, i.e., proper maturation, of conidia in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans. To gain mechanistic insight into the complex regulatory and interdependent roles of these TFs in asexual sporogenesis, we carried out multi-omics studies on the transcriptome, protein-DNA interactions, and primary and secondary metabolism employing A. nidulans conidia. RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses have revealed that the three TFs directly or indirectly regulate the expression of genes associated with heterotrimeric G-protein signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, spore wall formation and structural integrity, asexual development, and primary/secondary metabolism. In addition, metabolomics analyses of wild-type and individual mutant conidia indicate that these three TFs regulate a diverse array of primary metabolites, including those in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, certain amino acids, and trehalose, and secondary metabolites such as sterigmatocystin, emericellamide, austinol, and dehydroaustinol. In summary, WetA, VosA, and VelB play interdependent, overlapping, and distinct roles in governing morphological development and primary/secondary metabolic remodeling in Aspergillus conidia, leading to the production of vital conidia suitable for fungal proliferation and dissemination.
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Duan X, Yang Y, Wang S, Feng X, Wang T, Wang P, Ding M, Zhang H, Liu B, Wei W, Yao W, Cui L, Zhou X, Wang W. Dose-related telomere damage associated with the genetic polymorphisms of cGAS/STING signaling pathway in the workers exposed by PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:113995. [PMID: 32004962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes and vulnerable to exogenous chemical compounds. Exposure to coke oven emissions (COEs) leads to a dose-related telomere damage, and such chromosomal damage might trigger the cGAS/STING signaling pathway which plays an important role in immune surveillance. However, the relationship between the genetic variations in the cGAS/STING signaling pathway and telomere damage in the COEs-exposure workers has not been investigated. Therefore, we recruited 544 coke oven workers and 238 healthy control participants, and determined the level of COEs exposure, concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHPYR), genetic polymorphisms and telomere length. The results showed that the telomere length significantly decreased from the control-to high-exposure groups as defined by the external exposure level (P < 0.05). The results also indicated that STING rs7447927 CC, cGAS rs34413328 AA, and cGAS rs610913 AA could inhibit telomere shortening in the exposure group (P < 0.05), and cGAS rs34413328, urine 1-OHPYR and cumulative exposure dose (CED) had a significant association with telomere length by generalized linear model. In conclusion, telomere shortening was a combined consequence of short-term exposure, long-term exposure, and genetic variations among the COEs-exposure workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Duan
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Yongli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Sihua Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Liuxin Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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