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Martin A, Jauvain M, Bergsten E, Demontant V, Lehours P, Barau C, Levy M, Rodriguez C, Sobhani I, Amiot A. Gastric microbiota in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma according to Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102247. [PMID: 37981222 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphoma (GML) development is triggered by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Little is known about the impact of H. pylori infection on gastric microbiota. METHODS The gastric microbiota was retrospectively investigated using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 32 patients with untreated GML (10 H. pylori-positive and 22 H. pylori-negative), 23 with remitted and 18 refractory GML and 35 controls. Differences in microbial diversity, bacterial composition and taxonomic repartition were assessed. RESULTS There was no change in diversity and bacterial composition between GML and control patients taking into account H. pylori status. Differential taxa analysis identified specific changes associated with H. pylori-negative GML: the abundances of Actinobacillus, Lactobacillus and Chryseobacterium were increased while the abundances of Veillonella, Atopobium, Leptotrichia, Catonella, Filifactor and Escherichia_Shigella were increased in control patients. In patients with remitted GML, the genera Haemophilus and Moraxella were significantly more abundant than in refractory patients, while Atopobium and Actinomyces were significantly more abundant in refractory patients. CONCLUSION Detailed analysis of the gastric microbiota revealed significant changes in the bacterial composition of the gastric mucosa in patients with GML that may have a role in gastric lymphomagenesis but not any new pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Martin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Universite Paris Est Creteil, AP-HP, EA7375, 51, Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny CRETEIL, Creteil F-94010, France
| | - Marine Jauvain
- UMR1312 Bordeaux Institute of Cancer, BRIC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France; French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emma Bergsten
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Universite Paris Est Creteil, AP-HP, EA7375, 51, Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny CRETEIL, Creteil F-94010, France
| | - Vanessa Demontant
- Genomics Platform and Virology Unit, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Universite Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Créteil F-94010 France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- UMR1312 Bordeaux Institute of Cancer, BRIC, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux 33076, France; French National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologique, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris Est Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Universite Paris Est Creteil, AP-HP, EA7375, 51, Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny CRETEIL, Creteil F-94010, France
| | - Christophe Rodriguez
- Genomics Platform and Virology Unit, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Universite Paris Est Creteil, INSERM U955, Créteil F-94010 France
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Universite Paris Est Creteil, AP-HP, EA7375, 51, Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny CRETEIL, Creteil F-94010, France
| | - Aurelien Amiot
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henri-Mondor University Hospital, Universite Paris Est Creteil, AP-HP, EA7375, 51, Avenue du Marechal de Lattre de Tassigny CRETEIL, Creteil F-94010, France.
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Chen Z, Tang Z, Li W, Deng X, Yu L, Yang J, Liu J, Cheng Y, Huang W, Guo X, Shan J, Zhou D, Zeng W, Bai Y, Fan H. Weizmannia coagulans BCF-01: a novel gastrogenic probiotic for Helicobacter pylori infection control. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2313770. [PMID: 38334087 PMCID: PMC10860349 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2313770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, particularly in China, contributes to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. Antibiotics have limitations, including adverse reactions and increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, identification of novel gastrogenic probiotics capable of surviving the acidic gastric environment and effectively combating H. pylori infection has potential in restoring gastric microbiota homeostasis. Five novel strains of human gastrogenic Weizmannia coagulans (BCF-01-05) were isolated from healthy gastric mucosa and characterized using 16S rDNA identification. Acid resistance, H. pylori inhibition, and adherence to gastric epithelial cells were evaluated in in-vitro experiments and the molecular mechanism explored in in-vivo experiments. Among the gastric-derived W. coagulans strains, BCF-01 exhibited the strongest adhesion and H. pylori inhibition, warranting further in-vivo safety evaluation. Through 16S rRNA sequencing of a mouse model, BCF-01 was determined to significantly restore H. pylori-associated gastric dysbiosis and increase the abundance of potential probiotic bacteria. Furthermore, BCF-01 enhanced mucosal tight junction protein expression and inhibited the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR and western blotting.These findings highlight the potential of BCF-01 in the prevention and control of H. pylori infection. Specifically, treatment with BCF-01 effectively restored gastric microecology and improved H. pylori-mediated mucosal barrier destruction while reducing inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages. BCF-01 is a promising alternative to traditional triple therapy for H. pylori infections, offering minimal side effects with high suitability for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshui Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Wang L, Zhang Z. Diabetes Mellitus and Gastric Cancer: Correlation and Potential Mechanisms. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:4388437. [PMID: 38020199 PMCID: PMC10653978 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4388437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the correlation between diabetes mellitus (DM) and gastric cancer (GC) from the perspectives of epidemiology, drug use, and potential mechanisms. The association between DM and GC is inconclusive, and the positive direction of the association reported in most published meta-analyses suggests that DM may be an independent risk factor for GC. Many clinical investigations have shown that people with DM and GC who undergo gastrectomy may have better glycemic control. The potential link between DM and GC may involve the interaction of multiple common risk factors, such as obesity, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, H. pylori infection, and the use of metformin. Although in vitro and in vivo data support that H. pylori infection status and metformin can influence GC risk in DM patients, there are conflicting results. Patient survival outcomes are influenced by multiple factors, so further research is needed to identify the patients who may benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Critical Research Center for Emergency Medicine Clinic, Hangzhou 310052, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, 311100, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Han Z, Min Y, Pang K, Wu D. Therapeutic Approach Targeting Gut Microbiome in Gastrointestinal Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15654. [PMID: 37958637 PMCID: PMC10650060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
While emerging evidence highlights the significance of gut microbiome in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, treatments like Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and probiotics are gaining popularity, especially for diarrhea patients. However, the specific role of the gut microbiome in different gastrointestinal infectious diseases remains uncertain. There is no consensus on whether gut modulation therapy is universally effective for all such infections. In this comprehensive review, we examine recent developments of the gut microbiome's involvement in several gastrointestinal infectious diseases, including infection of Helicobacter pylori, Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae, enteric viruses, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Giardia duodenalis. We have also incorporated information about fungi and engineered bacteria in gastrointestinal infectious diseases, aiming for a more comprehensive overview of the role of the gut microbiome. This review will provide insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of the gut microbiome while exploring the microbiome's potential in the prevention, diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of gastrointestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yiyang Min
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ke Pang
- Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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5
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Yang JW, Wan S, Li KP, Chen SY, Yang L. Gut and urinary microbiota: the causes and potential treatment measures of renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188520. [PMID: 37441065 PMCID: PMC10333567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and treatment of various cancers. Recent research on the urinary microbiota challenges the long-standing belief that urine is sterile, as urinary microbiota has been implicated in the development of bladder and prostate cancers, similar to the role of gut microbiota in cancer development. Although the precise involvement of microbiota in the proliferation and differentiation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear, dysbiosis is considered one possible mechanism by which microbiota may contribute to RCC development and treatment. This review summarizes potential mechanisms by which gut microbiota may contribute to the development of RCC, and provides evidence for the involvement of urinary microbiota in RCC. We also explore the role of gut microbiota in RCC treatment and propose that the composition of gut microbiota could serve as a predictive marker for the potential efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in RCC patients. Additionally, evidence suggests that modulating the abundance and distribution of microbiota can enhance the therapeutic effects of drugs, suggesting that microbiota may serve as a promising adjuvant therapy for RCC. Overall, we believe that further investigation into the gut and urinary microbiome of RCC patients could yield valuable insights and strategies for the prevention and personalized treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Chen R, Li Y, Chen X, Chen J, Song J, Yang X, Ye L, Wu Z, Xie P, Zhong Q, Yang R, Wu J. dupA+H. pylori reduces diversity of gastric microbiome and increases risk of erosive gastritis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1103909. [PMID: 37009501 PMCID: PMC10063918 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1103909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is believed to induce gastropathy; however, the exact pathogenic molecules involved in this process have not been elucidated. Duodenal ulcer promoting gene A (DupA) is a virulence factor with a controversial role in gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. To explore and confirm the function of DupA in gastropathy from the perspective of the microbiome, we investigated the microbial characteristics of 48 gastritis patients through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. In addition, we isolated 21 H. pylori strains from these patients and confirmed the expression of dupA using PCR and qRT-PCR. Bioinformatics analysis identified diversity loss and compositional changes as the key features of precancerous lesions in the stomach, and H. pylori was a characteristic microbe present in the stomach of the gastritis patients. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that H. pylori infection inhibits growth of other gastric inhabiting microbes, which weakened the degradation of xenobiotics. Further analysis showed that dupA+ H. pylori were absent in precancerous lesions and were more likely to appear in erosive gastritis, whereas dupA− H. pylori was highly abundant in precancerous lesions. The presence of dupA in H. pylori caused less disturbance to the gastric microbiome, maintaining the relatively richness of gastric microbiome. Overall, our findings suggest that high dupA expression in H. pylori is correlated with a high risk of erosive gastritis and a lower level of disturbance to the gastric microbiome, indicating that DupA should be considered a risk factor of erosive gastritis rather than gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Chen
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Yang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhong Wu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Longnan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Longnan, China
| | - Runshi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiachuan Wu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiachuan Wu,
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Wroblewski LE, Peek RM. Clinical Pathogenesis, Molecular Mechanisms of Gastric Cancer Development. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2023; 444:25-52. [PMID: 38231214 PMCID: PMC10924282 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47331-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric disease and cancer, and gastric cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death across the globe. Carcinogenic mechanisms associated with H. pylori are multifactorial and are driven by bacterial virulence constituents, host immune responses, environmental factors such as iron and salt, and the microbiota. Infection with strains that harbor the cytotoxin-associated genes (cag) pathogenicity island, which encodes a type IV secretion system (T4SS) confer increased risk for developing more severe gastric diseases. Other important H. pylori virulence factors that augment disease progression include vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), specifically type s1m1 vacA alleles, serine protease HtrA, and the outer-membrane adhesins HopQ, BabA, SabA and OipA. Additional risk factors for gastric cancer include dietary factors such as diets that are high in salt or low in iron, H. pylori-induced perturbations of the gastric microbiome, host genetic polymorphisms, and infection with Epstein-Barr virus. This chapter discusses in detail host factors and how H. pylori virulence factors augment the risk of developing gastric cancer in human patients as well as how the Mongolian gerbil model has been used to define mechanisms of H. pylori-induced inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Wroblewski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Nabavi-Rad A, Sadeghi A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Smith SM, Zali MR. The double-edged sword of probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota structure in Helicobacter pylori management. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2108655. [PMID: 35951774 PMCID: PMC9373750 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As Helicobacter pylori management has become more challenging and less efficient over the last decade, the interest in innovative interventions is growing by the day. Probiotic co-supplementation to antibiotic therapies is reported in several studies, presenting a moderate reduction in drug-related side effects and a promotion in positive treatment outcomes. However, the significance of gut microbiota involvement in the competence of probiotic co-supplementation is emphasized by a few researchers, indicating the alteration in the host gastrointestinal microbiota following probiotic and drug uptake. Due to the lack of long-term follow-up studies to determine the efficiency of probiotic intervention in H. pylori eradication, and the delicate interaction of the gut microbiota with the host wellness, this review aims to discuss the gut microbiota alteration by probiotic co-supplementation in H. pylori management to predict the comprehensive effectiveness of probiotic oral administration.Abbreviations: acyl-CoA- acyl-coenzyme A; AMP- antimicrobial peptide; AMPK- AMP-activated protein kinase; AP-1- activator protein 1; BA- bile acid; BAR- bile acid receptor; BCAA- branched-chain amino acid; C2- acetate; C3- propionate; C4- butyrate; C5- valeric acid; CagA- Cytotoxin-associated gene A; cAMP- cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CD- Crohn's disease; CDI- C. difficile infection; COX-2- cyclooxygenase-2; DC- dendritic cell; EMT- epithelial-mesenchymal transition; FMO- flavin monooxygenases; FXR- farnesoid X receptor; GPBAR1- G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1; GPR4- G protein-coupled receptor 4; H2O2- hydrogen peroxide; HCC- hepatocellular carcinoma; HSC- hepatic stellate cell; IBD- inflammatory bowel disease; IBS- irritable bowel syndrome; IFN-γ- interferon-gamma; IgA immunoglobulin A; IL- interleukin; iNOS- induced nitric oxide synthase; JAK1- janus kinase 1; JAM-A- junctional adhesion molecule A; LAB- lactic acid bacteria; LPS- lipopolysaccharide; MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue; MAMP- microbe-associated molecular pattern; MCP-1- monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDR- multiple drug resistance; mTOR- mammalian target of rapamycin; MUC- mucin; NAFLD- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NF-κB- nuclear factor kappa B; NK- natural killer; NLRP3- NLR family pyrin domain containing 3; NOC- N-nitroso compounds; NOD- nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain; PICRUSt- phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states; PRR- pattern recognition receptor; RA- retinoic acid; RNS- reactive nitrogen species; ROS- reactive oxygen species; rRNA- ribosomal RNA; SCFA- short-chain fatty acids; SDR- single drug resistance; SIgA- secretory immunoglobulin A; STAT3- signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; T1D- type 1 diabetes; T2D- type 2 diabetes; Th17- T helper 17; TLR- toll-like receptor; TMAO- trimethylamine N-oxide; TML- trimethyllysine; TNF-α- tumor necrosis factor-alpha; Tr1- type 1 regulatory T cell; Treg- regulatory T cell; UC- ulcerative colitis; VacA- Vacuolating toxin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,CONTACT Abbas Yadegar ; Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Arabi Ave., Yemen St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sinéad Marian Smith
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Sinéad Marian Smith Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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The role of non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:19. [PMID: 35606878 PMCID: PMC9125830 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the development of next-generation sequencing for human microbiota has led to remarkable discoveries. The characterization of gastric microbiota has enabled the examination of genera associated with several diseases, including gastritis, precancerous lesions, and gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is well known to cause gastric dysbiosis by reducing diversity, because this bacterium is the predominant bacterium. However, as the diseases developed into more severe stages, such as atrophic gastritis, premalignant lesion, and gastric adenocarcinoma, the dominance of H. pylori began to be displaced by other bacteria, including Streptococcus, Prevotella, Achromobacter, Citrobacter, Clostridium, Rhodococcus, Lactobacillus, and Phyllobacterium. Moreover, a massive reduction in H. pylori in cancer sites was observed as compared with noncancer tissue in the same individual. In addition, several cases of H. pylori-negative gastritis were found. Among these individuals, there was an enrichment of Paludibacter, Dialister, Streptococcus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Treponema. These remarkable findings suggest the major role of gastric microbiota in the development of gastroduodenal diseases and led us to the hypothesis that H. pylori might not be the only gastric pathogen. The gastric microbiota point of view of disease development should lead to a more comprehensive consideration of this relationship.
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Zheng W, Zhu Z, Ying J, Long G, Chen B, Peng K, Li F, Zhao H, Jiang M. The Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Gastric Microbiota in Children With Duodenal Ulcer. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853184. [PMID: 35547124 PMCID: PMC9082302 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main cause of chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer in children. Little is known about the effect of H. pylori on gastric microbiota in children with duodenal ulcer. This study is aimed at the characteristics of gastric microbiota in children with duodenal ulcer on H. pylori infection. Methods We studied 23 children diagnosed with duodenal ulcer by gastric endoscopy because of the gastrointestinal symptoms, 15 children were diagnosed with H. pylori infection, while 8 children were without H. pylori infection. Endoscopic mucosal biopsy samples were obtained for DNA extraction. Microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA profiling and microbial functions were predicted using the software Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt). Results Bacterial richness and diversity of gastric microbiota in duodenal ulcer with H. pylori-positive were lower than those negative. The gastric microbiota in H. pylori-positive group significantly reduced proportions of six phyla and fifteen genera; only Helicobacter taxa were more abundant in H. pylori-positive group. Co-expression network analysis showed a more complex network of interactions in the H. pylori-positive group than that in the H. pylori-negative group. For the predicted functions, lower abundance in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism were found in H. pylori-positive group than the H. pylori-negative group. H. pylori colonization reduces a microbial community with genotoxic potential in the gastric mucosa of children with duodenal ulcer. Conclusions The presence of H. pylori significantly influences gastric microbiota and results in a lower abundance of multiple taxonomic levels in children with duodenal ulcer. Children with duodenal ulcer exhibit a dysbiotic microbial community with genotoxic potential, which is distinct from that of children with H. pylori infection. Clinical Trial Registration [http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR1800015190].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Zhu
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Ying
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kerong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fubang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Endoscopy Center and Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Homeostasis and Cancer Initiation: Organoids as Models to Study the Initiation of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052790. [PMID: 35269931 PMCID: PMC8911327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer represents a significant disease burden worldwide. The factors that initiate cancer are not well understood. Chronic inflammation such as that triggered by H. pylori infection is the most significant cause of gastric cancer. In recent years, organoid cultures developed from human and animal adult stem cells have facilitated great advances in our understanding of gastric homeostasis. Organoid models are now being exploited to investigate the role of host genetics and bacterial factors on proliferation and DNA damage in gastric stem cells. The impact of a chronic inflammatory state on gastric stem cells and the stroma has been less well addressed. This review discusses what we have learned from the use of organoid models to investigate cancer initiation, and highlights questions on the contribution of the microbiota, chronic inflammatory milieu, and stromal cells that can now be addressed by more complex coculture models.
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13
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Li Q, Wu W, Gong D, Shang R, Wang J, Yu H. Propionibacterium acnes overabundance in gastric cancer promote M2 polarization of macrophages via a TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1242-1253. [PMID: 34076786 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) could not completely prevent the progression of gastric cancer (GC), suggesting that non-H. pylori bacteria may participate in the carcinogenesis of GC. The dysbiosis of microbiota in the stomach of GC has gradually been investigated, while the detailed mechanism that promotes GC in this process has not been elucidated. We aimed to identify a non-H. pylori bacteria that contribute to GC. DESIGN GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues were collected to identify bacteria that significantly increased in GC tissues by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. CCK8, wound healing assay, and trans-well assay were performed to analyze the tumor-promoting effect of this bacteria. Next, we detailed the mechanism for tumor-promoting effect of the bacteria by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and western-blotting analysis. RESULTS Comparing the microbial community from GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues, we found that Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) significantly increased in GC tissues, especially in H. pylori-negative tissues. We further found that the abundance of P. acnes correlated with TNM stages of GC patients. Interestingly, condition medium (CM) from P. acnes-primed macrophages promoted migration of GC cells, while P. acnes only could not. We next proved that P. acnes triggers M2 polarization of macrophages via TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Together, our finding identified that P. acnes could be a possible agent for the progression of GC besides H. pylori. M2 polarization of macrophages could be promoted by P. acnes via TLR4/PI3K/Akt signaling, thus triggers the progression of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexin Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Renduo Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Serrano C, Harris PR, Smith PD, Bimczok D. Interactions between H. pylori and the Gastric Microbiome: Impact on Gastric Homeostasis and Disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 21:57-64. [PMID: 34113748 PMCID: PMC8186273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Like many seemingly inhospitable environments on our planet, the highly acidic human stomach harbors a diverse bacterial microflora. The best-known member of the human gastric flora, Helicobacter pylori, causes a number of gastric diseases, including peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma. In the absence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the gastric microbiota displays some features similar to the oral cavity with Firmicutes the most common phylum, followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. When present, H. pylori dominates the gastric microbiome and reduces diversity and composition of other taxa. The composition of the gastric microbiome also is altered in the setting of proton pump inhibitor therapy and gastric neoplasia. This review summarizes foundational and recent studies that have investigated the composition of the human gastric microbiome in a variety of patient groups, with a focus on potential mechanisms involved in regulation of gastric microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Serrano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul R. Harris
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Phillip D. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Diane Bimczok
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
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15
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Tao ZH, Han JX, Fang JY. Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication: Exploring their impacts on the gastrointestinal microbiota. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12754. [PMID: 32876377 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of microbiota research has remolded our view of human physiological and pathological processes. Among all the gastrointestinal microorganisms, Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is probably the most notorious constituent. Although half of the adults worldwide are infected with H pylori, their clinical manifestations vary widely, suggesting other microorganisms beyond H pylori may play a role in determining clinical outcomes. Recently, many studies have put effort into elucidating the crosstalk within the human microbiota, some of which specifically explored the interplay between H pylori and other gastrointestinal microbial members. In this work, we reviewed these potential interactions. Meanwhile, the impacts of H pylori eradication therapy on gastrointestinal microbial homeostasis were summarized in terms of diversity, composition, functional capacity, and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Han
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Virulence Factor Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)-Mediated Gastric Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197430. [PMID: 33050101 PMCID: PMC7582651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes persistent infection in the gastric epithelium of more than half of the world’s population, leading to the development of severe complications such as peptic ulcer diseases, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Several virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), which is translocated into the gastric epithelium via the type 4 secretory system (T4SS), have been indicated to play a vital role in disease development. Although infection with strains harboring the East Asian type of CagA possessing the EPIYA-A, -B, and -D sequences has been found to potentiate cell proliferation and disease pathogenicity, the exact mechanism of CagA involvement in disease severity still remains to be elucidated. Therefore, we discuss the possible role of CagA in gastric pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur 44200, Nepal;
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Global Oita Medical Advanced Research Center for Health (GO-MARCH), Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Borneo Medical and Health Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-97-586-5740; Fax: +81-97-586-5749
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17
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Li Q, Yu H. The role of non- H. pylori bacteria in the development of gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2271-2281. [PMID: 32905382 PMCID: PMC7471357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a complex ecosystem of bacteria and other microorganisms inside and outside the human body, which play an intricate role in maintaining health. In recent years, many researches focused on the relationship between microorganisms and cancer. Studies have identified that numerous microbes are presented in human stomach, which are closely linked to the development of gastric cancer (GC). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the mostly well-studied bacterial pathogen in the stomach, which account for the vast majority of GC. However, recent studies have found that microflora dysbiosis was occurred in mucosa of GC patients, and evidences have potentially proved that microbes other than H. pylori are also contribute to the development of GC, while the overall knowledge is still limited. In this review, we summarized the role of gastric flora in GC, especially the possible role of non-H. pylori bacteria in the development of GC. These knowledges and awareness may open doors for new therapeutic strategies of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei, P. R. China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060, Hubei, P. R. China
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18
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Temporal Control of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System in a Mongolian Gerbil Model of Gastric Carcinogenesis. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01296-20. [PMID: 32605987 PMCID: PMC7327173 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01296-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Helicobacter pylori Cag type IV secretion system (T4SS) translocates the effector protein CagA and nonprotein bacterial constituents into host cells. In this study, we infected Mongolian gerbils with an H. pylori strain in which expression of the cagUT operon (required for Cag T4SS activity) is controlled by a TetR/tetO system. Transcript levels of cagU were significantly higher in gastric tissue from H. pylori-infected animals receiving doxycycline-containing chow (to derepress Cag T4SS activity) than in tissue from infected control animals receiving drug-free chow. At 3 months postinfection, infected animals receiving doxycycline had significantly increased gastric inflammation compared to infected control animals. Dysplasia (a premalignant histologic lesion) and/or invasive gastric adenocarcinoma were detected only in infected gerbils receiving doxycycline, not in infected control animals. We then conducted experiments in which Cag T4SS activity was derepressed during defined stages of infection. Continuous Cag T4SS activity throughout a 3-month time period resulted in higher rates of dysplasia and/or gastric cancer than observed when Cag T4SS activity was limited to early or late stages of infection. Cag T4SS activity for the initial 6 weeks of infection was sufficient for the development of gastric inflammation at the 3-month time point, with gastric cancer detected in a small proportion of animals. These experimental results, together with previous studies of cag mutant strains, provide strong evidence that Cag T4SS activity contributes to gastric carcinogenesis and help to define the stages of H. pylori infection during which Cag T4SS activity causes gastric alterations relevant for cancer pathogenesis.IMPORTANCE The "hit-and-run model" of carcinogenesis proposes that an infectious agent triggers carcinogenesis during initial stages of infection and that the ongoing presence of the infectious agent is not required for development of cancer. H. pylori infection and actions of CagA (an effector protein designated a bacterial oncoprotein, secreted by the Cag T4SS) are proposed to constitute a paradigm for hit-and-run carcinogenesis. In this study, we report the development of methods for controlling H. pylori Cag T4SS activity in vivo and demonstrate that Cag T4SS activity contributes to gastric carcinogenesis. We also show that Cag T4SS activity during an early stage of infection is sufficient to initiate a cascade of cellular alterations leading to gastric inflammation and gastric cancer at later time points.
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19
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Wang Z, Gao X, Zeng R, Wu Q, Sun H, Wu W, Zhang X, Sun G, Yan B, Wu L, Ren R, Guo M, Peng L, Yang Y. Changes of the Gastric Mucosal Microbiome Associated With Histological Stages of Gastric Carcinogenesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:997. [PMID: 32547510 PMCID: PMC7272699 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes of gastric microbiome across stages of neoplastic progression remain poorly understood, especially for intraepithelial neoplasia (IN) which has been recognized as a phenotypic bridge between atrophic/intestinal metaplastic lesions and invasive cancer. The gastric microbiota was investigated in 30 healthy controls (HC), 21 non-atrophic chronic gastritis (CG), 27 gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM), 25 IN, and 29 gastric cancer (GC) patients by 16S rRNA gene profiling. The bacterial diversity, and abundances of phyla Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Elusimicrobia, Nitrospirae, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and WS3 reduced progressively from CG, through IM, IN to GC. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, SR1, and TM7 were enriched in the IN and GC. At the community level, the proportions of Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria increased in the IN and GC compared to other histological types, whereas the aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria taxa were significantly reduced in GC. Remarkable changes in the gastric microbiota functions were detected after the formation of IN. The reduced nitrite-oxidizing phylum Nitrospirae together with a decreased nitrate/nitrite reductase functions indicated nitrate accumulation during neoplastic progression. We constructed a random forest model, which had a very high accuracy (AUC > 0.95) in predicating the histological types with as low as five gastric bacterial taxa. In summary, the changing patterns of the gastric microbiota composition and function are highly indicative of stages of neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranran Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaibo Sun
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Mechanisms of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Microenvironment in Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041055. [PMID: 32340207 PMCID: PMC7225971 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human pathogens, affecting half of the world’s population. Approximately 20% of the infected patients develop gastric ulcers or neoplastic changes in the gastric stroma. An infection also leads to the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition within gastric tissue, increasing the probability of gastric cancer development. This paper aims to review the role of H. pylori and its virulence factors in epithelial–mesenchymal transition associated with malignant transformation within the gastric stroma. The reviewed factors included: CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) along with induction of cancer stem-cell properties and interaction with YAP (Yes-associated protein pathway), tumor necrosis factor α-inducing protein, Lpp20 lipoprotein, Afadin protein, penicillin-binding protein 1A, microRNA-29a-3p, programmed cell death protein 4, lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4β, cancer-associated fibroblasts, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). The review summarizes the most recent findings, providing insight into potential molecular targets and new treatment strategies for gastric cancer.
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21
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The Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:682-695. [PMID: 32451226 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of the human stomach with Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island is a risk factor for development of gastric cancer. The cag pathogenicity island contains genes encoding a secreted effector protein (CagA) and components of a type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS). The molecular architecture of the H. pylori Cag T4SS is substantially more complex than that of prototype T4SSs in other bacterial species. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries pertaining to the structure and function of the Cag T4SS and its role in gastric cancer pathogenesis.
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22
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Molecular anatomy and pathogenic actions of Helicobacter pylori CagA that underpin gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:50-63. [PMID: 31804619 PMCID: PMC6952403 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. The cagA gene product, CagA, is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via the bacterial type IV secretion system. Delivered CagA then undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs in its C-terminal region and acts as an oncogenic scaffold protein that physically interacts with multiple host signaling proteins in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. Analysis of CagA using in vitro cultured gastric epithelial cells has indicated that the nonphysiological scaffolding actions of CagA cell-autonomously promote the malignant transformation of the cells by endowing the cells with multiple phenotypic cancer hallmarks: sustained proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, invasiveness, resistance to cell death, and genomic instability. Transgenic expression of CagA in mice leads to in vivo oncogenic action of CagA without any overt inflammation. The in vivo oncogenic activity of CagA is further potentiated in the presence of chronic inflammation. Since Helicobacter pylori infection triggers a proinflammatory response in host cells, a feedforward stimulation loop that augments the oncogenic actions of CagA and inflammation is created in CagA-injected gastric mucosa. Given that Helicobacter pylori is no longer colonized in established gastric cancer lesions, the multistep nature of gastric cancer development should include a “hit-and-run” process of CagA action. Thus, acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that compensate for CagA-directed cancer hallmarks may be required for completion of the “hit-and-run” process of gastric carcinogenesis.
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