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Dudek I, Czerkies M, Kwiatek A. Differential expression of cytokines and elevated levels of MALAT1 - Long non-coding RNA in response to non-structural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 2024; 597:110127. [PMID: 38850893 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting various age groups, can trigger prolonged and intense inflammation in humans. The severity and outcome of hRSV infection correlate with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory agents, yet the underlying reasons for this immune system overstimulation remain elusive. We focused on the impact of hRSV non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2, on immune response within epithelial cells. Available data indicates that these proteins impair the interferon pathway. We reinforce that NS1 and NS2 induce heightened secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8. We also indicate that hRSV non-structural proteins provoke differential gene expression of human host FosB and long non-coding RNAs (MALAT1, RP11-510N19.5). It suggests an impact of NS molecules beyond IFN pathways. Thus, new light is shed on the interplay between hRSV and host cells, uncovering unexplored avenues of viral interference, especially the NS2 role in cytokine expression and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dudek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Czerkies
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Chen L, Zhang J, Xu W, Chen J, Tang Y, Xiong S, Li Y, Zhang H, Li M, Liu Z. Cholesterol-rich lysosomes induced by respiratory syncytial virus promote viral replication by blocking autophagy flux. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6311. [PMID: 39060258 PMCID: PMC11282085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hijacks cholesterol or autophagy pathways to facilitate optimal replication. However, our understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms remains limited. Here, we show that RSV infection blocks cholesterol transport from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum by downregulating the activity of lysosomal acid lipase, activates the SREBP2-LDLR axis, and promotes uptake and accumulation of exogenous cholesterol in lysosomes. High cholesterol levels impair the VAP-A-binding activity of ORP1L and promote the recruitment of dynein-dynactin, PLEKHM1, or HOPS VPS39 to Rab7-RILP, thereby facilitating minus-end transport of autophagosomes and autolysosome formation. Acidification inhibition and dysfunction of cholesterol-rich lysosomes impair autophagy flux by inhibiting autolysosome degradation, which promotes the accumulation of RSV fusion protein. RSV-F storage is nearly abolished after cholesterol depletion or knockdown of LDLR. Most importantly, the knockout of LDLR effectively inhibits RSV infection in vivo. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanism of how RSV co-regulates lysosomal cholesterol reprogramming and autophagy and reveal LDLR as a novel target for anti-RSV drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Manmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment & College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine & College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Bender W, Zhang Y, Corbett A, Chu C, Grier A, Wang L, Qiu X, McCall MN, Topham DJ, Walsh EE, Mariani TJ, Scheuermann R, Caserta MT, Anderson CS. Association of disease severity and genetic variation during primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus infections. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:165. [PMID: 38898440 PMCID: PMC11188216 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) disease in young children ranges from mild cold symptoms to severe symptoms that require hospitalization and sometimes result in death. Studies have shown a statistical association between RSV subtype or phylogenic lineage and RSV disease severity, although these results have been inconsistent. Associations between variation within RSV gene coding regions or residues and RSV disease severity has been largely unexplored. METHODS Nasal swabs from children (< 8 months-old) infected with RSV in Rochester, NY between 1977-1998 clinically presenting with either mild or severe disease during their first cold-season were used. Whole-genome RSV sequences were obtained using overlapping PCR and next-generation sequencing. Both whole-genome phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic statistical approaches were performed to associate RSV genotype with disease severity. RESULTS The RSVB subtype was statistically associated with disease severity. A significant association between phylogenetic clustering of mild/severe traits and disease severity was also found. GA1 clade sequences were associated with severe disease while GB1 was significantly associated with mild disease. Both G and M2-2 gene variation was significantly associated with disease severity. We identified 16 residues in the G gene and 3 in the M2-2 RSV gene associated with disease severity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that phylogenetic lineage and the genetic variability in G or M2-2 genes of RSV may contribute to disease severity in young children undergoing their first infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bender
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Corbett
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chinyi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Grier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Mary T Caserta
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Christopher S Anderson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Banerjee S, Gadpayle MP, Samanta S, Dutta P, Das S, Datta R, Maiti S. Role of Macrophage PIST Protein in Regulating Leishmania major Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1414-1428. [PMID: 38556987 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PDZ protein interacting specifically with Tc10 or PIST is a mammalian trans-Golgi resident protein that regulates subcellular sorting of plasma membrane receptors. PIST has recently emerged as a key player in regulating viral pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the involvement of PIST in parasitic infections remains unexplored. Leishmania parasites infiltrate their host macrophage cells through phagocytosis, where they subsequently multiply within the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). Host cell autophagy has been found to be important in regulating this parasite infection. Since PIST plays a pivotal role in triggering autophagy through the Beclin 1-PI3KC3 pathway, it becomes interesting to identify the status of PIST during Leishmania infection. We found that while macrophage cells are infected with Leishmania major (L. major), the expression of PIST protein remains unaltered; however, it traffics from the Golgi compartment to PV. Further, we identified that in L. major-infected macrophage cells, PIST associates with the autophagy regulatory protein Beclin 1 within the PVs; however, PIST does not interact with LC3. Reduction in PIST protein through siRNA silencing significantly increased parasite burden, whereas overexpression of PIST in macrophages restricted L. major infectivity. Together, our study reports that the macrophage PIST protein is essential in regulating L. major infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Mandip Pratham Gadpayle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Suman Samanta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Priyanka Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Swagata Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Rupak Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata (IISER-Kolkata), Mohanpur Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal 741 246, India
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5
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Xu C, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Sun D, He Y, Wu Z, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian B, Zhao X, Liu M, Zhu D, Jia R, Chen S. Multiple functions of the nonstructural protein 3D in picornavirus infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365521. [PMID: 38629064 PMCID: PMC11018997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
3D polymerase, also known as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, is encoded by all known picornaviruses, and their structures are highly conserved. In the process of picornavirus replication, 3D polymerase facilitates the assembly of replication complexes and directly catalyzes the synthesis of viral RNA. The nuclear localization signal carried by picornavirus 3D polymerase, combined with its ability to interact with other viral proteins, viral RNA and cellular proteins, indicate that its noncatalytic role is equally important in viral infections. Recent studies have shown that 3D polymerase has multiple effects on host cell biological functions, including inducing cell cycle arrest, regulating host cell translation, inducing autophagy, evading immune responses, and triggering inflammasome formation. Thus, 3D polymerase would be a very valuable target for the development of antiviral therapies. This review summarizes current studies on the structure of 3D polymerase and its regulation of host cell responses, thereby improving the understanding of picornavirus-mediated pathogenesis caused by 3D polymerase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu He
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Immunology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Gheitasi H, Sabbaghian M, Fadaee M, Mohammadzadeh N, Shekarchi AA, Poortahmasebi V. The relationship between autophagy and respiratory viruses. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:136. [PMID: 38436746 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have caused severe global health problems and posed essential challenges to the medical community. In recent years, the role of autophagy as a critical process in cells in viral respiratory diseases has been noticed. One of the vital catabolic biological processes in the body is autophagy. Autophagy contributes to energy recovery by targeting and selectively directing foreign microorganisms, organelles, and senescent intracellular proteins to the lysosome for degradation and phagocytosis. Activation or suppression of autophagy is often initiated when foreign pathogenic organisms such as viruses infect cells. Because of its antiviral properties, several viruses may escape or resist this process by encoding viral proteins. Viruses can also use autophagy to enhance their replication or prolong the persistence of latent infections. Here, we provide an overview of autophagy and respiratory viruses such as coronavirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus, and examine the interactions between them and the role of autophagy in the virus-host interaction process and the resulting virus replication strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Gheitasi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sabbaghian
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Fadaee
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wang X, Cheng J, Shen L, Chen M, Sun K, Li J, Li M, Ma C, Wei L. Rab5c promotes RSV and ADV replication by autophagy in respiratory epithelial cells. Virus Res 2024; 341:199324. [PMID: 38242290 PMCID: PMC10830860 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory system diseases caused by respiratory viruses are common and exert tremendous pressure on global healthcare system. In our previous studies, we found that Long non-coding RNA NRAV (Lnc NRAV) and its target molecule Rab5c plays a significant role in respiratory virus infection. However, the mechanism by which Rab5c affects virus replication remains unclear. Rab5c, a protein mainly localized on the cell membranes and in early endosomes and phagosomes, participates in endocytosis mediated by clathrin and regulates the fusion of early endosome, maturation of early phagosomes, and autophagy. Therefore, we inferred that Rab5c impacts virus replication, which might be related to endocytosis or autophagy. We selected RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) as a representative enveloped virus and ADV (Adenovirus) as a representative non-enveloped virus to explore the possible mechanism of RSV and ADV replication promoted by Rab5c in A549 cells and in Rab5c-overexpressing mice. Here, we confirmed that the activated Rab5c promotes RSV and ADV replication and the inactivated Rab5c inhibits their replication. However, Rab5c promoting RSV and ADV replication is not mediated by endocytosis rather by autophagy in respiratory epithelial cells. Our study showed that Rab5c upregulates LC3-Ⅱ (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) protein expression levels by interacting with Beclin1, a key autophagy molecule, which can induce autophagy and promote replication of ADV and RSV. This study enriches the understanding of the interaction between respiratory viruses and Rab5c, providing new insights for virus prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Wang
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linchao Shen
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Meixi Chen
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Keran Sun
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Morris DR, Qu Y, Jones-Hall YL, Liu T, Ivanciuc T, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Hypoxia-inducible-factors differentially contribute to clinical disease and the control of viral replication during RSV infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553422. [PMID: 37645750 PMCID: PMC10461990 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible-factors (HIF) are transcription factors that regulate cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions, enabling cells to survive in low-oxygen environments. Viruses have evolved to stabilize this pathway to promote successful viral infection, therefore modulation of HIFs could represent a novel antiviral strategy. In previous in vitro studies, we found that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of respiratory illness, stabilizes HIFs under normoxic conditions, with inhibition of HIF-1α resulting in reduced viral replication. Despite several HIF modulating compounds being tested/approved for use in other non-infectious models, little is known about their efficacy against respiratory viruses using relevant animal models. This study aimed to characterize the disease modulating properties and antiviral potential of anti-HIF-1α (PX478) and anti-HIF-2α (PT2385) in RSV-infected BALB/c mice. We found that inhibition of HIF-1α worsen clinical disease parameters, while simultaneously improving airway function. Additionally, anti-HIF-1α results in significantly reduced viral titer at early and peak time points of RSV replication, followed by a loss in viral clearance when given every day, but not every-other-day. In contrast, inhibition of HIF-2α was associated with improved clinical parameters, with no changes in airway function, and amelioration of interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, anti-HIF-2α reduced early and peak lung viral replication, with no impairment of viral clearance. Analysis of lung cells found significant modification in the T cell compartment that correlated with changes in lung pathology and viral titers in response to each HIF inhibitor administration. These data underscore the complex role of HIFs in RSV infection and highlight the need for careful therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea R. Morris
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- School of Population & Public Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yava L. Jones-Hall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Tianshuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Teodora Ivanciuc
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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9
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Merritt TN, Pei J, Leung DW. Pathogenicity and virulence of human respiratory syncytial virus: Multifunctional nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2. Virulence 2023:2283897. [PMID: 37964591 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2283897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under the age of two as well as in the elderly and immunocompromised worldwide. Despite its discovery over 60 years ago and the global impact on human health, limited specific and effective prophylactic or therapeutic options have been available for hRSV infections. Part of the lack of treatment options is attributed to the legacy of vaccine failure in the 1960s using a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), which led to enhancement of disease post exposure to hRSV infection and hampered subsequent development of vaccine candidates. Recent FDA approval of a vaccine for older adults and impending approval for a maternal vaccine are major advancements but leaves children between 6 months and 5 years of age unprotected. Part of this limitation can be attributed to a lack of complete understanding of the factors that contribute to hRSV pathogenesis. The nonstructural proteins NS1 and NS2 are multifunctional virulence factors that are unique to hRSV and that play critical roles during hRSV infection, including antagonizing interferon (IFN) signalling to modulate host responses to hRSV infection. However, the molecular mechanisms by which the nonstructural proteins mediate their IFN inhibitory functions have not been completely defined. Current progress on the characterization of NS1 and NS2 during infection provides deeper insight into their roles. Furthermore, reverse genetics systems for hRSV provide a viable strategy to generate attenuated viruses by introduction of select mutations while maintaining immunogenicity required to elicit a long-term protective response. Here we will review the current state of knowledge of the nonstructural proteins, their contributions to RSV pathogenesis, and their potential as targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy N Merritt
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingjing Pei
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daisy W Leung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Yan J, Gao Y, Bai J, Li J, Li M, Liu X, Jiang P. SERPINB1 promotes Senecavirus A replication by degrading IKBKE and regulating the IFN pathway via autophagy. J Virol 2023; 97:e0104523. [PMID: 37811994 PMCID: PMC10617579 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01045-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Senecavirus A (SVA) is an emerging picornavirus associated with vesicular disease, which wide spreads around the world. It has evolved multiple strategies to evade host immune surveillance. The mechanism and pathogenesis of the virus infection remain unclear. In this study, we show that SERPINB1, a member of the SERPINB family, promotes SVA replication, and regulates both innate immunity and the autophagy pathway. SERPINB1 catalyzes K48-linked polyubiquitination of IκB kinase epsilon (IKBKE) and degrades IKBKE through the proteasome pathway. Inhibition of IKBKE expression by SERPINB1 induces autophagy to decrease type I interferon signaling, and ultimately promotes SVA proliferation. These results provide importantly the theoretical basis of SVA replication and pathogenesis. SERPINB1 could be a potential therapeutic target for the control of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanni Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Chen L, Yang L, Li Y, Liu T, Yang B, Liu L, Wu R. Autophagy and Inflammation: Regulatory Roles in Viral Infections. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1454. [PMID: 37892135 PMCID: PMC10604974 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradation pathway in eukaryotic organisms, playing an adaptive role in various pathophysiological processes throughout evolution. Inflammation is the immune system's response to external stimuli and tissue damage. However, persistent inflammatory reactions can lead to a range of inflammatory diseases and cancers. The interaction between autophagy and inflammation is particularly evident during viral infections. As a crucial regulator of inflammation, autophagy can either promote or inhibit the occurrence of inflammatory responses. In turn, inflammation can establish negative feedback loops by modulating autophagy to suppress excessive inflammatory reactions. This interaction is pivotal in the pathogenesis of viral diseases. Therefore, elucidating the regulatory roles of autophagy and inflammation in viral infections will significantly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying related diseases. Furthermore, it will provide new insights and theoretical foundations for disease prevention, treatment, and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Limin Yang
- School of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;
| | - Yingyu Li
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Tianrun Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bolun Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China; (L.C.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (B.Y.)
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12
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Chaudhary Y, Jain J, Gaur SK, Tembhurne P, Chandrasekar S, Dhanavelu M, Sehrawat S, Kaul R. Nucleocapsid Protein (N) of Peste des petits ruminants Virus (PPRV) Interacts with Cellular Phosphatidylinositol-3-Kinase (PI3K) Complex-I and Induces Autophagy. Viruses 2023; 15:1805. [PMID: 37766213 PMCID: PMC10536322 DOI: 10.3390/v15091805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential and highly conserved catabolic process in cells, which is important in the battle against intracellular pathogens. Viruses have evolved several ways to alter the host defense mechanisms. PPRV infection is known to modulate the components of a host cell's defense system, resulting in enhanced autophagy. In this study, we demonstrate that the N protein of PPRV interacts with the core components of the class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) complex-I and results in the induction of autophagy in the host cell over, thereby expressing this viral protein. Our data shows the interaction between PPRV-N protein and different core components of the autophagy pathway, i.e., VPS34, VPS15, BECN1 and ATG14L. The PPRV-N protein can specifically interact with VPS34 of the PI3K complex-I and colocalize with the proteins of PI3K complex-I in the same sub-cellular compartment, that is, in the cytoplasm. These interactions do not affect the intracellular localization of the different host proteins. The autophagy-related genes were transcriptionally modulated in PPRV-N-expressing cells. The expression of LC3B and SQSTM1/p62 was also modulated in PPRV-N-expressing cells, indicating the induction of autophagic activity. The formation of typical autophagosomes with double membranes was visualized by transmission electron microscopy in PPRV-N-expressing cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for the critical role of the N protein of the PPR virus in the induction of autophagy, which is likely to be mediated by PI3K complex-I of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Juhi Jain
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Sharad Kumar Gaur
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.K.G.)
| | - Prabhakar Tembhurne
- Department of Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Nagpur 440006, India;
| | - Shanmugam Chandrasekar
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital 263138, India; (S.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Muthuchelvan Dhanavelu
- Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteshwar, Nainital 263138, India; (S.C.); (M.D.)
| | - Sharvan Sehrawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Mohali 140306, India;
| | - Rajeev Kaul
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India; (Y.C.); (J.J.); (S.K.G.)
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13
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Lara-Hernandez I, Muñoz-Escalante JC, Bernal-Silva S, Noyola DE, Wong-Chew RM, Comas-García A, Comas-Garcia M. Ultrastructural and Functional Characterization of Mitochondrial Dynamics Induced by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in HEp-2 Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:1518. [PMID: 37515204 PMCID: PMC10386036 DOI: 10.3390/v15071518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years of age and older adults worldwide. During hRSV infection, host cells undergo changes in endomembrane organelles, including mitochondria. This organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell and plays an important role in the antiviral response. The present study focuses on characterizing the ultrastructural and functional changes during hRSV infection using thin-section transmission electron microscopy and RT-qPCR. Here we report that hRSV infection alters mitochondrial morphodynamics by regulating the expression of key genes in the antiviral response process, such as Mfn1, VDAC2, and PINK1. Our results suggest that hRSV alters mitochondrial morphology during infection, producing a mitochondrial phenotype with shortened cristae, swollen matrix, and damaged membrane. We also observed that hRSV infection modulates the expression of the aforementioned genes, possibly as an evasion mechanism in the face of cellular antiviral response. Taken together, these results advance our knowledge of the ultrastructural alterations associated with hRSV infection and might guide future therapeutic efforts to develop effective antiviral drugs for hRSV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Lara-Hernandez
- High-Resolution Microscopy Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Muñoz-Escalante
- Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Sofía Bernal-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Genomic Medicine Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Daniel E Noyola
- Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Wong-Chew
- Research Division, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04360, Mexico
| | - Andreu Comas-García
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-Garcia
- High-Resolution Microscopy Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Science Department, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Molecular and Translation Medicine Section, Center for Research in Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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14
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Yuan Y, Qin H, Li H, Shi W, Bao L, Xu S, Yin J, Zheng L. The Functional Roles of ISG15/ISGylation in Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031337. [PMID: 36771004 PMCID: PMC9918931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein ISG15 encoded by interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) 15 is the first identified member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and exists in the form of monomers and conjugated complexes. Like ubiquitin, ISG15 can mediate an ubiquitin-like modification by covalently modifying other proteins, known as ISGylation. There is growing evidence showing that both the free and conjugated ISG15 are involved in multiple key cellular processes, including autophagy, exosome secretion, DNA repair, immune regulation, and cancer occurrence and progression. In this review, we aim to further clarify the function of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer, demonstrate the important relationship between ISG15/ISGylation and cancer, and emphasize new insights into the different roles of ISG15/ISGylation in cancer progression. This review may contribute to therapeutic intervention in cancer. However, due to the limitations of current research, the regulation of ISG15/ISGylation on cancer progression is not completely clear, thus further comprehensive and sufficient correlation studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, No. 206, Sixian Street, Baiyun District, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wanjin Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lichen Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (L.Z.)
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15
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Munnur D, Banducci-Karp A, Sanyal S. ISG15 driven cellular responses to virus infection. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1837-1846. [PMID: 36416643 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of antiviral responses to infection is the production of interferons and subsequently of interferon stimulated genes. Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is among the earliest and most abundant proteins induced upon interferon signalling, encompassing versatile functions in host immunity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin like modifier that can be conjugated to substrates in a process analogous to ubiquitylation and referred to as ISGylation. The free unconjugated form can either exist intracellularly or be secreted to function as a cytokine. Interestingly, ISG15 has been reported to be both advantageous and detrimental to the development of immunopathology during infection. This review describes recent findings on the role of ISG15 in antiviral responses in human infection models, with a particular emphasis on autophagy, inflammatory responses and cellular metabolism combined with viral strategies of counteracting them. The field of ISGylation has steadily gained momentum; however much of the previous studies of virus infections conducted in mouse models are in sharp contrast with recent findings in human cells, underscoring the need to summarise our current understanding of its potential antiviral function in humans and identify knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
| | - Adrianna Banducci-Karp
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, U.K
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16
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Carinci M, Palumbo L, Pellielo G, Agyapong ED, Morciano G, Patergnani S, Giorgi C, Pinton P, Rimessi A. The Multifaceted Roles of Autophagy in Infectious, Obstructive, and Malignant Airway Diseases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081944. [PMID: 36009490 PMCID: PMC9405571 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved dynamic process by which cells deliver their contents to lysosomes for degradation, thus ensuring cell homeostasis. In response to environmental stress, the induction of autophagy is crucial for cell survival. The dysregulation of this degradative process has been implicated in a wide range of pathologies, including lung diseases, representing a relevant potential target with significant clinical outcomes. During lung disease progression and infections, autophagy may exert both protective and harmful effects on cells. In this review, we will explore the implications of autophagy and its selective forms in several lung infections, such as SARS-CoV-2, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections, and different lung diseases such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Malignant Mesothelioma (MM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carinci
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Palumbo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Pellielo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Esther Densu Agyapong
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Center of Research for Innovative Therapies in Cystic Fibrosis, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Chiok K, Bose S. A novel viral regulatory network for autophagy induction: Respiratory Syncytial Virus NS2 protein regulates autophagy by modulating BECN1 ISGylation and protein stability. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2022; 1:219-222. [PMID: 38130712 PMCID: PMC10735249 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2022.2076769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, is a leading cause of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children and other susceptible populations. RSV infection dysregulates the immune response leading to exaggerated inflammation in the airway. Among other responses, RSV induces macroautophagy/autophagy, a key process that regulates immune response during infection. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying RSV-induced autophagy and showed that the RSV nonstructural NS2 protein promotes autophagy using a dual mechanism. First, NS2 interacts with and stabilizes the autophagy regulator BECN1 (beclin 1), augmenting its intracellular availability for autophagy induction. Second, NS2 interferes with BECN1 ISGylation, thus restricting the intracellular pool of the anti-autophagy ISGylated form of BECN1. Thus, the viral protein (i.e., NS2)-autophagy-ISGylation axis represents a yet unknown regulatory network for viruses. As many viruses induce autophagy that shapes virus-associated immune responses including inflammation, exploring viral protein-autophagy-ISGylation regulatory networks can aid in developing interventions to curb exaggerated immune responses such as inflammation for treating virus-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Chiok
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Santanu Bose
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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