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Tan S, Wang Z, Li N, Guo X, Zhang Y, Ma H, Peng X, Zhao Y, Li C, Gao L, Li T, Liang X, Ma C. Transcription factor Zhx2 is a checkpoint that programs macrophage polarization and antitumor response. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2104-2119. [PMID: 37582865 PMCID: PMC10482862 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are usually educated to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in cancer with pro-tumor functions by tumor microenvironment (TME) and TAM reprogramming has been proposed as a potential tumor immunotherapy strategy. We recently demonstrated the critical role of Zinc-fingers and homeoboxes 2 (Zhx2) in macrophages' metabolic programming. However, whether Zhx2 is responsible for macrophage polarization and TAMs reprogramming is largely unknown. Here, we show that Zhx2 controls macrophage polarization under the inflammatory stimulus and TME. Myeloid-specific deletion of Zhx2 suppresses LPS-induced proinflammatory polarization but promotes IL-4 and TME-induced anti-inflammatory and pro-tumoral phenotypes in murine liver tumor models. Factors in TME, especially lactate, markedly decrease the expression of Zhx2 in TAMs, leading to the switch of TAMs to pro-tumor phenotype and consequent cancer progression. Notably, reduced ZHX2 expression in TAM correlates with poor survival of HCC patients. Mechanistic studies reveal that Zhx2 associates with NF-κB p65 and binds to the Irf1 promoter, leading to transcriptional activation of Irf1 in macrophages. Zhx2 functions in maintaining macrophage polarization by regulating Irf1 transcription, which may be a potential target for macrophage-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yankun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xueqi Peng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunhong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Liu Z, Yang C, Liu X, Xu X, Zhao X, Fu R. Therapeutic strategies to enhance immune response induced by multiple myeloma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1169541. [PMID: 37275861 PMCID: PMC10232766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM)as a haematological malignancy is still incurable. In addition to the presence of somatic genetic mutations in myeloma patients, the presence of immunosuppressive microenvironment greatly affects the outcome of treatment. Although the discovery of immunotherapy makes it possible to break the risk of high toxicity and side effects of traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, there are still obstacles of ineffective treatment or disease recurrence. In this review, we discuss therapeutic strategies to further enhance the specific anti-tumor immune response by activating the immunogenicity of MM cells themselves. New ideas for future myeloma therapeutic approaches are provided.
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Xu Y, Wu Q, Tang Z, Tan Z, Pu D, Tan W, Zhang W, Liu S. Comprehensive Analysis of Necroptosis-Related Genes as Prognostic Factors and Immunological Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2022; 13:jpm13010044. [PMID: 36675706 PMCID: PMC9863352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Necroptosis is critical in the progression of cancer. However, the expression of genes involved in necroptosis in BC and their association with prognosis remain unclear. We investigated the predictive potential of necroptosis-related genes in BC samples from the TCGA dataset. We used LASSO regression to build a risk model consisting of twelve necroptosis-related genes in BC. Using the necroptosis-related risk model, we were able to successfully classify BC patients into high- and low-risk groups with significant prognostic differences (p = 4.872 × 10 -7). Additionally, we developed a matched nomogram predicting 5, 7, and 10-year overall survival in BC patients based on this necroptosis-related risk model. Our next step was to perform multiple GSEA analyses to explore the biological pathways through which these necroptosis-related risk genes influence cancer progression. For these twelve risk model genes, we analyzed CNV, SNV, OS, methylation, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer. In addition, immunohistochemical data from the THPA database were used to validate the protein expression of these risk model genes in BC. Taken together, we believe that necroptosis-related genes are considered potential therapeutic targets in BC and should be further investigated.
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Vougioukalaki M, Georgila K, Athanasiadis EI, Eliopoulos AG. Cell adhesion tunes inflammatory TPL2 kinase signal transduction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:156. [PMID: 35218437 PMCID: PMC11072766 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04130-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through adhesion-related molecules is important for cancer growth and metastasis and cancer cells are resistant to anoikis, a form of cell death ensued by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that detached carcinoma cells and immortalized fibroblasts display defects in TNF and CD40 ligand (CD40L)-induced MEK-ERK signaling. Cell detachment results in reduced basal levels of the MEK kinase TPL2, compromises TPL2 activation and sensitizes carcinoma cells to death-inducing receptor ligands, mimicking the synthetic lethal interactions between TPL2 inactivation and TNF or CD40L stimulation. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), which is activated in focal adhesions and mediates anchorage-dependent survival signaling, was found to sustain steady state TPL2 protein levels and to be required for TNF-induced TPL2 signal transduction. We show that when FAK levels are reduced, as seen in certain types of malignancy or malignant cell populations, the formation of cIAP2:RIPK1 complexes increases, leading to reduced TPL2 expression levels by a dual mechanism: first, by the reduction in the levels of NF-κΒ1 which is required for TPL2 stability; second, by the engagement of an RelA NF-κΒ pathway that elevates interleukin-6 production, leading to activation of STAT3 and its transcriptional target SKP2 which functions as a TPL2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. These data underscore a new mode of regulation of TNF family signal transduction on the TPL2-MEK-ERK branch by adhesion-related molecules that may have important ramifications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vougioukalaki
- Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantina Georgila
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G Eliopoulos
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Kapetanou M, Athanasopoulou S, Gonos ES. Transcriptional regulatory networks of the proteasome in mammalian systems. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:41-52. [PMID: 34958522 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tight regulation of proteostasis is essential for physiological cellular function. Mammalian cells possess a network of mechanisms that ensure proteome integrity under normal or stress conditions. The proteasome, being the major cellular proteolytic machinery, is central to proteostasis maintenance in response to distinct intracellular and extracellular conditions. The proteasomes are multisubunit protease complexes that selectively catalyze the degradation of short-lived regulatory proteins and damaged peptides. Different forms of the proteasome complexes comprising of different subunits and attached regulators directly affect the substrate selectivity and degradation. Thus, the proteasome participates in the turnover of a multitude of factors that control key processes that affect the cellular state, such as adaptation to environmental cues, growth, development, metabolism, signaling, senescence, pluripotency, differentiation, and immunity. Aberrations on its function are related to normal processes like aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration and cancer. The past few years of research have highlighted that proteasome abundance, activity, assembly, and localization are subject to a dynamic transcriptional control that secures the continuous adaptation of the proteasome to internal or external stimuli. This review focuses on the factors and signaling pathways that are involved in the regulation of the mammalian proteasome at the transcriptional level. A comprehensive understanding of proteasome regulation has critical implications on disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Kapetanou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Athanasopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, Greece
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.,Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Trash Talk: Mammalian Proteasome Regulation at the Transcriptional Level. Trends Genet 2020; 37:160-173. [PMID: 32988635 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The key to a healthy mammalian cell lies in properly functioning proteolytic machineries called proteasomes. The proteasomes are multisubunit complexes that catalyze the degradation of unwanted proteins and also control half-lives of key cellular regulatory factors. Aberrant proteasome activity is often associated with human diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration, and so an in-depth understanding of how it is regulated has implications for potential disease interventions. Transcriptional regulation of the proteasome can dictate its abundance and also influence its function, assembly, and location. This ensures proper proteasomal activity in response to developmental cues and to physiological conditions such as starvation and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight and discuss the roles of the transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of the mammalian proteasome.
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7
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Peng K, Fan X, Li Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Xiao P, Passerini AG, Simon SI, Sun C. IRF-1 mediates the suppressive effects of mTOR inhibition on arterial endothelium. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 140:30-41. [PMID: 32087218 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors used in drug-eluting stents (DES) to control restenosis have been found to delay endothelialization and increase incidence of late-stent thrombosis through mechanisms not completely understood. We revealed that mTOR inhibition (mTORi) upregulated the expression of cell growth suppressor IRF-1 in primary human arterial endothelial cells (HAEC). This study aimed to examine how mTOR-regulated IRF-1 expression contributes to the suppressive effect of mTORi on arterial endothelial proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blotting, quantitative PCR, and a dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and torin 1 upregulated IRF-1 expression and increased its transcriptional activity. IRF-1 in turn contributed to the suppressive effect of mTORi by mediating HAEC apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in part through upregulation of caspase 1 and downregulation of cyclin D3, as revealed by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V binding assay, measurement of activated caspase 3, BrdU incorporation assay, and matrigel tube formation assay. In a mouse model of femoral artery wire injury, administration of rapamycin inhibited EC recovery, an effect alleviated by EC deficiency of IRF-1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with HAEC and rescue expression of wild type or dominant-negative IRF-1 in EC isolated from Irf1-/- mice confirmed transcriptional regulation of IRF-1 on the expression of CASP1 and CCND3. Furthermore, mTORi activated multiple PKC members, among which PKCζ was responsible for the growth-inhibitory effect on HAEC. Activated PKCζ increased IRF1 transcription through JAK/STAT-1 and NF-κB signaling. Finally, overexpression of wild type or mutant raptor incapable of binding mTOR indicated that mTOR-free raptor contributed to PKCζ activation in mTOR-inhibited HAEC. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals an IRF-1-mediated mechanism that contributes to the suppressive effects of mTORi on HAEC proliferation. Further study may facilitate the development of effective strategies to reduce the side effects of DES used in coronary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingxi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Anthony G Passerini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Scott I Simon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - ChongXiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiang Province, Nanjing, China.
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Kojok K, Akoum SE, Mohsen M, Mourad W, Merhi Y. CD40L Priming of Platelets via NF-κB Activation is CD40- and TAK1-Dependent. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e03677. [PMID: 30571597 PMCID: PMC6405550 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background CD40 ligand (CD40L) is a thromboinflammatory molecule that predicts cardiovascular events. CD40L is a strong activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) in platelets that primes and enhances platelet activation in response to thrombotic stimuli. In addition to its classical receptor CD40, CD40L binds αIIbβ3, α5β1, and αMβ2 in various cell types. However, the function of the different CD40L receptors on platelets remains unexplored. The present study aims to identify the receptors of CD40L, involved in platelet NF‐κB activation, their downstream signaling and their implication in platelet aggregation. Methods and Results We showed that platelets express CD40, αIIbβ3, and α5β1 and release CD40L in response to sCD40L stimulation. sCD40L alone dose‐dependently induced platelet NF‐κB activation; this effect was absent in CD40−/− mouse platelets and inhibited by the CD40 blockade, but was unaffected by the αIIbβ3 or α5β1 blockade in human platelets. sCD40L/CD40 axis activates transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 upstream of NF‐κB. In functional studies, sCD40L alone did not affect platelet aggregation but potentiated the aggregation response in the presence of suboptimal doses of thrombin; this effect was abolished by CD40, transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1, and NF‐κB inhibitors. Conclusions CD40L primes platelets via signaling pathways involving CD40/transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1/NF‐κB, which predisposes platelets to enhanced activation and aggregation in response to thrombotic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kojok
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Souhad El Akoum
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Mira Mohsen
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Walid Mourad
- 2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada.,3 Research Centre Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal QC Canada
| | - Yahye Merhi
- 1 Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre Montreal QC Canada.,2 Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal QC Canada
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Kors S, Geijtenbeek K, Reits E, Schipper-Krom S. Regulation of Proteasome Activity by (Post-)transcriptional Mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:48. [PMID: 31380390 PMCID: PMC6646590 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein synthesis, folding, and degradation are tightly controlled processes to ensure proper protein homeostasis. The proteasome is responsible for the degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins, which are often targeted for degradation via polyubiquitination. However, the degradation rate of proteins is also affected by the capacity of proteasomes to recognize and degrade these substrate proteins. This capacity is regulated by a variety of proteasome modulations including (1) changes in complex composition, (2) post-translational modifications, and (3) altered transcription of proteasomal subunits and activators. Various diseases are linked to proteasome modulation and altered proteasome function. A better understanding of these modulations may offer new perspectives for therapeutic intervention. Here we present an overview of these three proteasome modulating mechanisms to give better insight into the diversity of proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Kors
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karlijne Geijtenbeek
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Reits
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schipper-Krom
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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10
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Guo X. Proteasome dysregulation in human cancer: implications for clinical therapies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 36:703-716. [PMID: 29039081 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells show heightened dependency on the proteasome for their survival, growth, and spread. Proteasome dysregulation is therefore commonly selected in favor of the development of many types of cancer. The vast abnormalities in a cancer cell, on top of the complexity of the proteasome itself, have enabled a plethora of mechanisms gearing the proteasome to the oncogenic process. Here, we use selected examples to highlight some general mechanisms underlying proteasome dysregulation in cancer, including copy number variations, transcriptional control, epigenetic regulation, and post-translational modifications. Research in this field has greatly advanced our understanding of proteasome regulation and will shed new light on proteasome-based combination therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Life Sciences Institute of Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Hegyi H. Connecting myelin-related and synaptic dysfunction in schizophrenia with SNP-rich gene expression hubs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45494. [PMID: 28382934 PMCID: PMC5382542 DOI: 10.1038/srep45494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining genome-wide mapping of SNP-rich regions in schizophrenics and gene expression data in all brain compartments across the human life span revealed that genes with promoters most frequently mutated in schizophrenia are expression hubs interacting with far more genes than the rest of the genome. We summed up the differentially methylated “expression neighbors” of genes that fall into one of 108 distinct schizophrenia-associated loci with high number of SNPs. Surprisingly, the number of expression neighbors of the genes in these loci were 35 times higher for the positively correlating genes (32 times higher for the negatively correlating ones) than for the rest of the ~16000 genes. While the genes in the 108 loci have little known impact in schizophrenia, we identified many more known schizophrenia-related important genes with a high degree of connectedness (e.g. MOBP, SYNGR1 and DGCR6), validating our approach. Both the most connected positive and negative hubs affected synapse-related genes the most, supporting the synaptic origin of schizophrenia. At least half of the top genes in both the correlating and anti-correlating categories are cancer-related, including oncogenes (RRAS and ALDOA), providing further insight into the observed inverse relationship between the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedi Hegyi
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Viral IL-10 down-regulates the "MHC-I antigen processing operon" through the NF-κB signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2625-2636. [PMID: 27650182 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLA-I antigen processing machinery (APM) plays a crucial role in the anticancer immune response. The loss of surface expression of HLA-I molecules is particularly important as this enables tumor cells to evade recognition and lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Transcriptional control of the APM genes is regulated by the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). BCRFl is an Epstein-Barr virus homologue of human IL-10 (hIL-10) and is known as viral IL-10 (vIL-10). vIL-10 shares many immunosuppressive effects with hIL-10 but lacks the immunostimulatory effect of hIL-10. The aim of this study was to assess whether vIL-10 inhibits APM components (TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7 and HLA-I) through the NF-κB signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This work demonstrated that vIL-10 inhibited NF-κB activation by blocking IKK phosphorylation and promoting the expression of IKB. TNF-α treatment led to a strong translocation of NF-κB p65, whereas pretreatment with vIL-10 before TNF-α treatment blocked NF-κB p65 translocation. vIL-10 also inhibited TNF-α-induced DNA-binding of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that NF-κB p65 could bind to the TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7 and HLA-I gene promoters, and after TNF-α stimulation, the down-regulation of TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7 and HLA-I transcription by vIL-10 correlated with the suppression of NF-κB in CNE-2 cells. Surprisingly, vIL-10 inhibits only TAP-1 and LMP-7 transcription in CNE-1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibition of NF-κB activity may be an important mechanism for vIL-10 suppression of APM (TAP-1, TAP-2, LMP-2, LMP-7 and HLA-I) gene transcription in CNE-2 cells.
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Walerych D, Lisek K, Sommaggio R, Piazza S, Ciani Y, Dalla E, Rajkowska K, Gaweda-Walerych K, Ingallina E, Tonelli C, Morelli MJ, Amato A, Eterno V, Zambelli A, Rosato A, Amati B, Wiśniewski JR, Del Sal G. Proteasome machinery is instrumental in a common gain-of-function program of the p53 missense mutants in cancer. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:897-909. [PMID: 27347849 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the tumour suppressor gene TP53 undergoes frequent missense mutations that endow mutant p53 proteins with oncogenic properties. Until now, a universal mutant p53 gain-of-function program has not been defined. By means of multi-omics: proteome, DNA interactome (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) and transcriptome (RNA sequencing/microarray) analyses, we identified the proteasome machinery as a common target of p53 missense mutants. The mutant p53-proteasome axis globally affects protein homeostasis, inhibiting multiple tumour-suppressive pathways, including the anti-oncogenic KSRP-microRNA pathway. In cancer cells, p53 missense mutants cooperate with Nrf2 (NFE2L2) to activate proteasome gene transcription, resulting in resistance to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Combining the mutant p53-inactivating agent APR-246 (PRIMA-1MET) with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib is effective in overcoming chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells, creating a therapeutic opportunity for treatment of solid tumours and metastasis with mutant p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Kamil Lisek
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Roberta Sommaggio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Rajkowska
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Gaweda-Walerych
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02106, Poland
| | - Eleonora Ingallina
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Claudia Tonelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Marco J Morelli
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angela Amato
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Eterno
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Pharmacogenomics, IRCCS 'Salvatore Maugeri' Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy.,Unit of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo 24127, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova 35128, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, Padova 35128, Italy
| | - Bruno Amati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan 20141, Italy.,Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Biochemical Proteomics Group, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried D82152, Germany
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste 34149, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita-Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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14
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Identification of IRF1 as critical dual regulator of Smac mimetic-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine response. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1562. [PMID: 25501823 PMCID: PMC4454156 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Smac (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase) mimetics are considered as promising anticancer therapeutics and used to induce apoptosis by antagonizing inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, which are often abundantly expressed in cancer cells. Here, we identify interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) as a novel critical regulator of Smac mimetic BV6-induced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokine secretion with impact on the immune response. IRF1 knockdown rescues cells from BV6-induced apoptosis and attenuates BV6-stimulated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), indicating that IRF1 mediates BV6-triggered cell death, at least in part, by inducing TNFα. This notion is supported by data showing that exogenous supply of TNFα restores BV6-induced cell death in IRF-knockdown cells. Interestingly, IRF1 selectively controls the induction of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) target genes, as IRF1 depletion attenuates BV6-stimulated upregulation of TNFα and interleukin-8 (IL-8) but not p100 and RelB. Concomitant knockdown of IRF1 and p65 cooperate to inhibit BV6-induced cell death, implying a cooperative interaction of IRF1 and NF-κB. In addition, IRF1 silencing hampers TNFα induction by TNFα itself as an another prototypical NF-κB stimulus. Importantly, IRF1 depletion impedes BV6-stimulated secretion of additional proinflammatory cytokines such as granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-8, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and migration of primary monocytes to BV6-treated tumor cells. In conclusion, this identification of IRF1 as a dual regulator of BV6-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine secretion provides novel insights into determinants of sensitivity towards Smac mimetic and possible implications of Smac mimetic treatment on tumor microenvironment and immune response.
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15
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Liljenfeldt L, Gkirtzimanaki K, Vyrla D, Svensson E, Loskog ASI, Eliopoulos AG. Enhanced therapeutic anti-tumor immunity induced by co-administration of 5-fluorouracil and adenovirus expressing CD40 ligand. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:273-82. [PMID: 24357147 PMCID: PMC11028569 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bystander immune activation by chemotherapy has recently gained extensive interest and provided support for the clinical use of chemotherapeutic agents in combination with immune enhancers. The CD40 ligand (CD40L; CD154) is a potent regulator of the anti-tumor immune response and recombinant adenovirus (RAd)-mediated CD40L gene therapy has been effective in various cancer models and in man. In this study we have assessed the combined effect of local RAd-CD40L and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration on a syngeneic MB49 mouse bladder tumor model. Whereas MB49 cells implanted into immunocompetent mice responded poorly to RAd-CD40L or 5-FU alone, administration of both agents dramatically decreased tumor growth, increased survival of the mice and induced systemic MB49-specific immunity. This combination treatment was ineffective in athymic nude mice, highlighting an important role for T cell mediated anti-tumor immunity for full efficacy. 5-FU up-regulated the expression of Fas and immunogenic cell death markers in MB49 cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes from mice receiving RAd-CD40L immunotherapy efficiently lysed 5-FU treated MB49 cells in a Fas ligand-dependent manner. Furthermore, local RAd-CD40L and 5-FU administration induced a shift of myeloid-derived suppressor cell phenotype into a less suppressive population. Collectively, these data suggest that RAd-CD40L gene therapy is a promising adjuvant treatment to 5-FU for the management of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liljenfeldt
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katerina Gkirtzimanaki
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion Campus, PO Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitra Vyrla
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion Campus, PO Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emma Svensson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angelica SI Loskog
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion Campus, PO Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Greece
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16
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Hernebring M, Fredriksson Å, Liljevald M, Cvijovic M, Norrman K, Wiseman J, Semb H, Nyström T. Removal of damaged proteins during ES cell fate specification requires the proteasome activator PA28. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1381. [PMID: 23459332 PMCID: PMC3587881 DOI: 10.1038/srep01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In embryonic stem cells, removal of oxidatively damaged proteins is triggered upon the first signs of cell fate specification but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here, we report that this phase of differentiation encompasses an unexpected induction of genes encoding the proteasome activator PA28αβ (11S), subunits of the immunoproteasome (20Si), and the 20Si regulator TNFα. This induction is accompanied by assembly of mature PA28-20S(i) proteasomes and elevated proteasome activity. Inhibiting accumulation of PA28α using miRNA counteracted the removal of damaged proteins demonstrating that PA28αβ has a hitherto unidentified role required for resetting the levels of protein damage at the transition from self-renewal to cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hernebring
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 90 Göteborg, Sweden.
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17
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Lorenzi S, Forloni M, Cifaldi L, Antonucci C, Citti A, Boldrini R, Pezzullo M, Castellano A, Russo V, van der Bruggen P, Giacomini P, Locatelli F, Fruci D. IRF1 and NF-kB restore MHC class I-restricted tumor antigen processing and presentation to cytotoxic T cells in aggressive neuroblastoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46928. [PMID: 23071666 PMCID: PMC3465322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), the most common solid extracranial cancer of childhood, displays a remarkable low expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex class I (MHC-I) and Antigen Processing Machinery (APM) molecules, including Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Aminopeptidases, and poorly presents tumor antigens to Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL). We have previously shown that this is due to low expression of the transcription factor NF-kB p65. Herein, we show that not only NF-kB p65, but also the Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF1) and certain APM components are low in a subset of NB cell lines with aggressive features. Whereas single transfection with either IRF1, or NF-kB p65 is ineffective, co-transfection results in strong synergy and substantial reversion of the MHC-I/APM-low phenotype in all NB cell lines tested. Accordingly, linked immunohistochemistry expression patterns between nuclear IRF1 and p65 on the one hand, and MHC-I on the other hand, were observed in vivo. Absence and presence of the three molecules neatly segregated between high-grade and low-grade NB, respectively. Finally, APM reconstitution by double IRF1/p65 transfection rendered a NB cell line susceptible to killing by anti MAGE-A3 CTLs, lytic efficiency comparable to those seen upon IFN-γ treatment. This is the first demonstration that a complex immune escape phenotype can be rescued by reconstitution of a limited number of master regulatory genes. These findings provide molecular insight into defective MHC-I expression in NB cells and provide the rational for T cell-based immunotherapy in NB variants refractory to conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lorenzi
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Forloni
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Cifaldi
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Antonucci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Citti
- Pathology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Boldrini
- Pathology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pezzullo
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Castellano
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Cancer Gene Therapy Unit, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Giacomini
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Université Catholique de Louvain, de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Moschonas A, Ioannou M, Eliopoulos AG. CD40 stimulates a "feed-forward" NF-κB-driven molecular pathway that regulates IFN-β expression in carcinoma cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5521-7. [PMID: 22547704 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
IFN-β and the CD40L (CD154) share important roles in the antiviral and antitumor immune responses. In this study, we show that CD40 receptor occupancy results in IFN-β upregulation through an unconventional "feed-forward" mechanism, which is orchestrated by canonical NF-κB and involves the sequential de novo synthesis of IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1 and Viperin (RSAD2), an IRF1 target. RelA (p65) NF-κB, IRF1, and Viperin-dependent IRF7 binding to the IFN-β promoter largely controls its activity. However, full activation of IFN-β also requires the parallel engagement of noncanonical NF-κB2 signaling leading to p52 recruitment to the IFN-β promoter. These data define a novel link between CD40 signaling and IFN-β expression and provide a telling example of how signal propagation can be exploited to ensure efficient regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Moschonas
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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19
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Hayashi T, Horiuchi A, Sano K, Hiraoka N, Kasai M, Ichimura T, Sudo T, Tagawa YI, Nishimura R, Ishiko O, Kanai Y, Yaegashi N, Aburatani H, Shiozawa T, Konishi I. Potential role of LMP2 as tumor-suppressor defines new targets for uterine leiomyosarcoma therapy. Sci Rep 2011; 1:180. [PMID: 22355695 PMCID: PMC3240965 DOI: 10.1038/srep00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the majority of smooth muscle neoplasms found in the uterus are benign, uterine
leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is extremely malignant, with high rates of recurrence and metastasis.
We earlier reported that mice with a homozygous deficiency for LMP2, an interferon
(IFN)-γ-inducible factor, spontaneously develop uterine LMS. The IFN-γ pathway is important
for control of tumor growth and invasion and has been implicated in several cancers. In this
study, experiments with human and mouse uterine tissues revealed a defective LMP2 expression
in human uterine LMS that was traced to the IFN-γ pathway and the specific effect of JAK-1
somatic mutations on the LMP2 transcriptional activation. Furthermore, analysis of a
human uterine LMS cell line clarified the biological significance of LMP2 in malignant
myometrium transformation and cell cycle, thus implicating LMP2 as an anti-tumorigenic
candidate. This role of LMP2 as a tumor suppressor may lead to new therapeutic targets in
human uterine LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Hayashi
- Dept. of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine.
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20
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Zhang SY, Li JL, Xu XK, Zheng MG, Wen CC, Li FC. HMME-based PDT restores expression and function of transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) and surface presentation of MHC class I antigen in human glioma. J Neurooncol 2011; 105:199-210. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0584-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Knox PG, Davies CC, Ioannou M, Eliopoulos AG. The death domain kinase RIP1 links the immunoregulatory CD40 receptor to apoptotic signaling in carcinomas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 192:391-9. [PMID: 21282461 PMCID: PMC3101101 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201003087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RIP1 is a component of a TRAF2 complex, required for caspase-8 activation and tumor cell killing in response to ligand binding of CD40. CD40, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family member, is widely recognized for its prominent role in the antitumor immune response. The immunostimulatory effects of CD40 ligation on malignant cells can be switched to apoptosis upon disruption of survival signals transduced by the binding of the adaptor protein TRAF6 to CD40. Apoptosis induction requires a TRAF2-interacting CD40 motif but is initiated within a cytosolic death-inducing signaling complex after mobilization of receptor-bound TRAF2 to the cytoplasm. We demonstrate that receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is an integral component of this complex and is required for CD40 ligand-induced caspase-8 activation and tumor cell killing. Degradation of the RIP1 K63 ubiquitin ligases cIAP1/2 amplifies the CD40-mediated cytotoxic effect, whereas inhibition of CYLD, a RIP1 K63 deubiquitinating enzyme, reduces it. This two-step mechanism of apoptosis induction expands our appreciation of commonalities in apoptosis regulatory pathways across the TNF receptor superfamily and provides a telling example of how TNF family receptors usurp alternative programs to fulfill distinct cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline G Knox
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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22
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Bukur J, Herrmann F, Handke D, Recktenwald C, Seliger B. Identification of E2F1 as an important transcription factor for the regulation of tapasin expression. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:30419-26. [PMID: 20663889 PMCID: PMC2945534 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.094284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HER-2/neu overexpression in tumor cells caused abnormalities of MHC class I surface expression due to impaired expression of components of the antigen-processing machinery (APM) including the low molecular weight proteins, the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), and the chaperone tapasin, whereas the expression of MHC class I heavy chain as well as β(2)-microglobulin was only marginally affected. This oncogene-mediated deficient APM component expression could be reverted by interferon-γ treatment, suggesting a deregulation rather than structural alterations as underlying molecular mechanisms. To determine the level of regulation, the transcriptional activity of APM components was analyzed in HER-2/neu(-) and HER-2/neu(+) cells. All major APM components were transcriptionally down-regulated in HER-2/neu(+) when compared with HER-2/neu(-) cells, which was accompanied by a reduced binding of RNA polymerase II to the APM promoters. Site-directed mutagenesis of the p300- and E2F-binding sites in the APM promoters did not reconstitute the oncogene-mediated decreased transcription rate with the exception of tapasin, which was restored in HER-2/neu(+) cells to levels of wild type tapasin promoter activity in HER-2/neu(-) fibroblasts. The E2F-directed control of tapasin expression was further confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showing that E2F1 and p300 bind to the tapasin and APM promoters in both cell lines. Moreover, siRNA-mediated silencing of E2F1 was associated with an increased tapasin expression, whereas transient overexpression of E2F1 launch a reduced tapasin transcription, suggesting that E2F1 is an essential transcription factor for tapasin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Bukur
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Felix Herrmann
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Diana Handke
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Recktenwald
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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23
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Shinohara H, Kurosaki T. Comprehending the complex connection between PKCbeta, TAK1, and IKK in BCR signaling. Immunol Rev 2010; 232:300-18. [PMID: 19909372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) contributes to many events in the immune system. Characterization of NF-kappaB has facilitated our understanding of immune cell differentiation, survival, proliferation, and effector functions. Intense research continues to elucidate the role of NF-kappaB, which is shared in several receptor signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptors, the tumor necrosis factor receptor, and antigen receptors. The specificity of cellular responses emanating from stimulation of these receptors is determined by post-translational modification, or 'fine tuning', which regulates spatiotemporal dynamics of downstream signaling. Understanding the fine tuning mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation is crucial for insights into biological regulation and for understanding how cellular signaling pathways are tightly regulated to guide different cell fates. In this review, we focus on recent advances that illuminate the fine tuning mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation by BCR signaling and have increased our comprehension of complex signal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Shinohara
- Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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24
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Forloni M, Albini S, Limongi MZ, Cifaldi L, Boldrini R, Nicotra MR, Giannini G, Natali PG, Giacomini P, Fruci D. NF-kappaB, and not MYCN, regulates MHC class I and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases in human neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2010; 70:916-24. [PMID: 20103633 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial cancer of childhood. Amplification and overexpression of the MYCN oncogene characterize the most aggressive forms and are believed to severely downregulate MHC class I molecules by transcriptional inhibition of the p50 NF-kappaB subunit. In this study, we found that in human NB cell lines, high MYCN expression is not responsible for low MHC class I expression because neither transfection-mediated overexpression nor small interfering RNA suppression of MYCN affects MHC class I and p50 levels. Furthermore, we identified NF-kappaB as the immediate upstream regulator of MHC class I because the p65 NF-kappaB subunit binds MHC class I promoter in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, and MHC class I expression is enhanced by p65 transfection and reduced by (a) the chemical NF-kappaB inhibitor sulfasalazine, (b) a dominant-negative IKBalpha gene, and (c) p65 silencing. Moreover, we showed that the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases ERAP1 and ERAP2, which generate MHC class I binding peptides, are regulated by NF-kappaB, contain functional NF-kappaB-binding elements in their promoters, and mimic MHC class I molecules in the expression pattern. Consistent with these findings, nuclear p65 was detected in NB cells that express MHC class I molecules in human NB specimens. Thus, the coordinated downregulation of MHC class I, ERAP1, and ERAP2 in aggressive NB cells is attributable to a low transcriptional availability of NF-kappaB, possibly due to an unknown suppressor other than MYCN.
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25
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Nagai K, Takahashi Y, Mikami I, Fukusima T, Oike H, Kobori M. The hydroxyflavone, fisetin, suppresses mast cell activation induced by interaction with activated T cell membranes. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:907-19. [PMID: 19702784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cell-to-cell interactions between mast cells and activated T cells are increasingly recognized as a possible mechanism in the aetiology of allergic or non-allergic inflammatory disorders. To determine the anti-allergic effect of fisetin, we examined the ability of fisetin to suppress activation of the human mast cell line, HMC-1, induced by activated Jurkat T cell membranes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HMC-1 cells were incubated with or without fisetin for 15 min and then co-cultured with Jurkat T cell membranes activated by phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate for 16 h. We determined gene expression in activated HMC-1 cells by DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis. We also examined activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and MAP kinases (MAPKs) in activated HMC-1 cells. KEY RESULTS Fisetin suppresses cell spreading and gene expression in HMC-1 cells stimulated by activated T cell membranes. Additionally, we show that these stimulated HMC-1 cells expressed granzyme B. The stimulatory interaction also induced activation of NF-kappaB and MAPKs; these activations were suppressed by fisetin. Fisetin also reduced the amount of cell surface antigen CD40 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on activated HMC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Fisetin suppressed activation of HMC-1 cells by activated T cell membranes by interfering with cell-to-cell interaction and inhibiting the activity of NF-kappaB and MAPKs and thereby suppressing gene expression. Fisetin may protect against the progression of inflammatory diseases by limiting interactions between mast cells and activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nagai
- National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
CD40 is a TNF receptor family member that is widely recognized for its prominent role in immune regulation and homeostasis. Expression of CD40 is not restricted to normal lymphoid cells but is also evident in the majority of haemopoietic and epithelial malignancies where it has been implicated in oncogenic events. Accumulating evidence, however, suggests that the CD40 pathway can be exploited for cancer therapy by virtue of its ability to stimulate the host anti-tumor immune response, normalize the tumor microenvironment and directly suppress the growth of CD40-positive tumors. Here, we provide an overview of the multifaceted functions of the CD40 pathway in cancer and its emerging role in the treatment of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica S I Loskog
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Clinical Immunology Division, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Koetzler R, Zaheer RS, Newton R, Proud D. Nitric oxide inhibits IFN regulatory factor 1 and nuclear factor-kappaB pathways in rhinovirus-infected epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:551-7. [PMID: 19541350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to inhibit human rhinovirus (HRV) replication in airway epithelial cells and to inhibit rhinovirus-induced epithelial cytokine and chemokine production independently of its effects on viral replication by modulating nuclear translocation and binding of transcription factors. OBJECTIVE To define the molecular mechanisms by which NO inhibits HRV-16-induced epithelial production of CXCL10 by affecting nuclear translocation and binding of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1). METHODS Cultured human airway epithelial cells were infected with HRV-16 in the absence or presence of a NO donor, or were preincubated with 2 highly selective inhibitors of inhibitor of kappaB kinase (IKK)beta and then infected with HRV-16. Effects on the NF-kappaB and IRF-1 pathways were examined by using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Nitric oxide directly inhibited the binding of both recombinant NF-kappaB p50 protein and recombinant IRF-1 to their recognition sequences from the CXCL10 promoter. NO also inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB inhibitor, IkappaBalpha, in HRV-16-infected cells. In addition, both NO and inhibitors of IKKbeta inhibited viral induction of IRF-1 mRNA and protein. CONCLUSIONS Nitric oxide blocks rhinovirus-mediated activation and nuclear translocation of both NF-kappaB and IRF-1. NO also directly inhibits the binding of each of these transcription factors to their respective recognition sites in the CXCL10 promoter. In addition, the ability of HRV-16 to induce epithelial expression of IRF-1 is dependent, at least in part, on viral activation of NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rommy Koetzler
- Airway Inflammation Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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