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Kaushik N, Jaiswal A, Bhartiya P, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. TFCP2 as a therapeutic nexus: unveiling molecular signatures in cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10175-w. [PMID: 38451384 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10175-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes comprise most of the complex genomic landscape associated with cancer, with a minimal number of genes exhibiting dual-context-dependent functions. The transcription factor cellular promoter 2 (TFCP2), a pivotal transcription factor encoded by the alpha globin transcription factor CP2 gene, is a constituent of the TFCP2/grainyhead family of transcription factors. While grainyhead members have been extensively studied for their crucial roles in developmental processes, embryogenesis, and multiple cancers, the TFCP2 subfamily has been relatively less explored. The molecular mechanisms underlying TFCP2's involvement in carcinogenesis are still unclear even though it is a desirable target for cancer treatment and a therapeutic marker. This comprehensive literature review summarizes the molecular functions of TFCP2, emphasizing its involvement in cancer pathophysiology, particularly in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. It highlights TFCP2's critical function as a regulatory target and explores its potential as a prognostic marker for survival and inflammation in carcinomas. Its ambiguous association with carcinomas underlines the urgent need for an in-depth understanding to facilitate the development of more efficacious targeted therapeutic modality and diagnostic tools. This study aims to elucidate the multifaceted effects of TFCP2 regulation, through a comprehensive integration of the existing knowledge in cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, the clinical relevance and the inherent challenges encountered in investigating its intricate role in cancer pathogenesis have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Korea
| | - Apurva Jaiswal
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Pradeep Bhartiya
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, 18323, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center/Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea.
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Zhang J, Geng Y, Guo F, Zhang F, Liu M, Song L, Ma Y, Li D, Zhang Y, Xu H, Yang H. Screening and identification of critical transcription factors involved in the protection of cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced damage by Yixin-shu. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13867. [PMID: 29066842 PMCID: PMC5655617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress initiates harmful cellular responses, such as DNA damage and protein denaturation, triggering a series of cardiovascular disorders. Systematic investigations of the transcription factors (TFs) involved in oxidative stress can help reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms and facilitate the discovery of effective therapeutic targets in related diseases. In this study, an integrated strategy which integrated RNA-seq-based transcriptomics techniques and a newly developed concatenated tandem array of consensus TF response elements (catTFREs)-based proteomics approach and then combined with a network pharmacology analysis, was developed and this integrated strategy was used to investigate critical TFs in the protection of Yixin-shu (YXS), a standardized medical product used for ischaemic heart disease, against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced damage in cardiomyocytes. Importantly, YXS initiated biological process such as anti-apoptosis and DNA repair to protect cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced damage. By using the integrated strategy, DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase (Apex1), pre B-cell leukemia transcription factor 3 (Pbx3), and five other TFs with their functions involved in anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and DNA repair were identified. This study offers a new understanding of the mechanism underlying YXS-mediated protection against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and reveals novel targets for oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ya Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuexiang Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Defeng Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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TFCP2 Genetic Polymorphism Is Associated with Predisposition to and Transplant Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:6353248. [PMID: 28348581 PMCID: PMC5350294 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6353248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TFCP2 is an oncogene and plays crucial roles in the incidence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, no reports are available on the impact of TFCP2 genetic polymorphism on the susceptibility to and the transplant prognosis of HCC. Here, we genotyped 7 SNPs of TFCP2 in a case-control study of 119 patients with HCC and 200 patients with chronic liver disease. Of the 7 SNPs in TFCP2, rs7959378 distributed differentially between patients with versus patients without HCC. The patients with the CA (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.96), the CC (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.20–0.76), and the CA/CC (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32–0.83) genotypes had significantly decreased risk for HCC compared with those carrying the rs7959378 AA genotype. After adjusting for confounding factors, rs7959378 still conferred significant risk for HCC. Furthermore, the patients who carried rs7959378 AC/CC had a higher overall survival and lower relapse-free survival than those with the rs7959378 AA genotype. Similar results were found in the multivariate analysis adjusted by AFP, tumor size and tumor number, and differentiation. These findings indicate that rs7959378 is associated with the risk of HCC in patient with chronic liver disease and prognosis of HCC patients after liver transplantation.
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Kibel AS, Ahn J, Isikbay M, Klim A, Wu WS, Hayes RB, Isaacs WB, Daw EW. Genetic variants in cell cycle control pathway confer susceptibility to aggressive prostate carcinoma. Prostate 2016; 76:479-90. [PMID: 26708993 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because a significant number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) are diagnosed with disease unlikely to cause harm, genetic markers associated with clinically aggressive PCa have potential clinical utility. Since cell cycle checkpoint dysregulation is crucial for the development and progression of cancer, we tested the hypothesis that common germ-line variants within cell cycle genes were associated with aggressive PCa. METHODS Via a two-stage design, 364 common sequence variants in 88 genes were tested. The initial stage consisted of 258 aggressive PCa patients and 442 controls, and the second stage added 384 aggressive PCa Patients and 463 controls. European-American and African-American samples were analyzed separately. In the first stage, SNPs were typed by Illumina Goldengate assay while in the second stage SNPs were typed by Pyrosequencing assays. Genotype frequencies between cases and controls were compared using logistical regression analysis with additive, dominant and recessive models. RESULTS Eleven variants within 10 genes (CCNC, CCND3, CCNG1, CCNT2, CDK6, MDM2, SKP2, WEE1, YWHAB, YWHAH) in the European-American population and nine variants in 7 genes (CCNG1, CDK2, CDK5, MDM2, RB1, SMAD3, TERF2) in the African-American population were found to be associated with aggressive PCa using at least one model. Of particular interest, CCNC (rs3380812) was associated with risk in European-American cohorts from both institutions. CDK2 (rs1045435) and CDK5 (rs2069459) were associated with risk in the African-American cohorts from both institutions. Lastly, variants within MDM2 and CCNG1 were protective for aggressive PCa in both ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that polymorphisms within cell cycle genes are associated with clinically aggressive PCa. Validation of these markers in additional populations is necessary, but these markers may help identify patients at risk for potentially lethal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kibel
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Masis Isikbay
- Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleksandra Klim
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William S Wu
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Richard B Hayes
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - William B Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Departments of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Xu X, Liu Z, Zhou L, Xie H, Cheng J, Ling Q, Wang J, Guo H, Wei X, Zheng S. Characterization of genome-wide TFCP2 targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: implication of targets FN1 and TJP1 in metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:6. [PMID: 25609232 PMCID: PMC4311423 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) and correlated with the progression of the disease. Here we report the use of an integrated systems biology approach to identify genome-wide scale map of TFCP2 targets as well as the molecular function and pathways regulated by TFCP2 in HCC. Methods We combined Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on chip along with gene expression microarrays to study global transcriptional regulation of TFCP2 in HCC. The biological functions, molecular pathways, and networks associated with TFCP2 were identified using computational approaches. Validation of selected target gene expression and direct binding of TFCP2 to promoters were performed by ChIP -PCR and promoter reporter. Results TFCP2 fostered a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype in different HCC cells. Transcriptome analysis showed that alteration of TFCP2 in HCC cells led to change of genes in biological functions involved in cancer, cellular growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, cell movement and attachment. Pathways related to cell movement and cancer progression were also enriched. A quest for TFCP2-regulated factors contributing to metastasis, by integration of transcriptome and ChIP on chip assay, identified fibronectin 1 (FN1) and tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) as targets of TFCP2, and as key mediators of HCC metastasis. Promoter reporter identified the TFCP2-responsive region, and located the motifs of TFCP2-binding sites in the FN1 promoter, which then was confirmed by ChIP-PCR. We further showed that FN1 inhibition blocks the TFCP2-induced increase in HCC cell aggression, and that overexpression of TFCP2 can rescue the effects of FN1 inhibition. Knock down of TJP1 could also rescue, at least in part, the aggressive effect of TFCP2 knockdown in HCC cells. Conclusions The identification of global targets, molecular pathways and networks associated with TFCP2, together with the discovery of the effect of TFCP2 on FN1 and TJP1 that are involved in metastasis, adds to our understanding of the mechanisms that determine a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype in hepatocarcinogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0121-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China.
| | - Haiyang Xie
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
| | - Qi Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China.
| | - Haijun Guo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, HangZhou, China.
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 QingChun Road, HangZhou, China.
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Li N, Fassl A, Chick J, Inuzuka H, Li X, Mansour MR, Liu L, Wang H, King B, Shaik S, Gutierrez A, Ordureau A, Otto T, Kreslavsky T, Baitsch L, Bury L, Meyer CA, Ke N, Mulry KA, Kluk MJ, Roy M, Kim S, Zhang X, Geng Y, Zagozdzon A, Jenkinson S, Gale RE, Linch DC, Zhao JJ, Mullighan CG, Harper JW, Aster JC, Aifantis I, von Boehmer H, Gygi SP, Wei W, Look AT, Sicinski P. Cyclin C is a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:1080-91. [PMID: 25344755 PMCID: PMC4235773 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin C was cloned as a growth-promoting G1 cyclin, and was also shown to regulate gene transcription. Here we report that in vivo cyclin C acts as a haploinsufficient tumour suppressor, by controlling Notch1 oncogene levels. Cyclin C activates an 'orphan' CDK19 kinase, as well as CDK8 and CDK3. These cyclin-C-CDK complexes phosphorylate the Notch1 intracellular domain (ICN1) and promote ICN1 degradation. Genetic ablation of cyclin C blocks ICN1 phosphorylation in vivo, thereby elevating ICN1 levels in cyclin-C-knockout mice. Cyclin C ablation or heterozygosity collaborates with other oncogenic lesions and accelerates development of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Furthermore, the cyclin C encoding gene CCNC is heterozygously deleted in a significant fraction of human T-ALLs, and these tumours express reduced cyclin C levels. We also describe point mutations in human T-ALL that render cyclin-C-CDK unable to phosphorylate ICN1. Hence, tumour cells may develop different strategies to evade inhibition by cyclin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Joel Chick
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Marc R. Mansour
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bryan King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shavali Shaik
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Lukas Baitsch
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Leah Bury
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Clifford A. Meyer
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nan Ke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kristin A. Mulry
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Michael J. Kluk
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Moni Roy
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowu Zhang
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers MA 01923, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Agnieszka Zagozdzon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Jenkinson
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rosemary E. Gale
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David C. Linch
- Department of Haematology, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jean J. Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Charles G. Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Iannis Aifantis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Harald von Boehmer
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - A. Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Broniarczyk JK, Warowicka A, Kwaśniewska A, Wohuń-Cholewa M, Kwaśniewski W, Goździcka-Józefiak A. Expression of TSG101 protein and LSF transcription factor in HPV-positive cervical cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1409-1413. [PMID: 24765146 PMCID: PMC3997686 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated a decreased expression of tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) in cervical cancer cells. To identify the mechanism responsible for TSG101 downregulation during cervical cancer development, we analyzed the TSG101 promoter using cis-element cluster finder software. One of the transcription factors whose binding site was detected in the TSG101 promoter was late SV40 factor (LSF). The aim of this study was to analyze the TSG101 protein and LSF expression levels during cervical cancer development. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed a previously observed decreased expression of TSG101, whereas quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry analysis revealed high expression of LSF in cervical, precancer and cancer cells compared with human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative non-cancer samples. High expression of LSF in cervical cancer HPV-positive cells suggests that this protein may be important in the regulation of TSG101 expression, as well as in cervical carcinogenesis. The role of LSF as a mediator in cervical cancer development must be confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
| | - Maria Wohuń-Cholewa
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medical Science, Poznan 60-806, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- First Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin 20-081, Poland
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Tooze RM. A replicative self-renewal model for long-lived plasma cells: questioning irreversible cell cycle exit. Front Immunol 2013; 4:460. [PMID: 24385976 PMCID: PMC3866514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma cells are heterogenous in terms of their origins, secretory products, and lifespan. A current paradigm is that cell cycle exit in plasma cell differentiation is irreversible, following a pattern familiar in short-lived effector populations in other hemopoietic lineages. This paradigm no doubt holds true for many plasma cells whose lifespan can be measured in days following the completion of differentiation. Whether this holds true for long-lived bone marrow plasma cells that are potentially maintained for the lifespan of the organism is less apparent. Added to this the mechanisms that establish and maintain cell cycle quiescence in plasma cells are incompletely defined. Gene expression profiling indicates that in the transition of human plasmablasts to long-lived plasma cells a range of cell cycle regulators are induced in a pattern that suggests a quiescence program with potential for cell cycle re-entry. Here a model of relative quiescence with the potential for replicative self-renewal amongst long-lived plasma cells is explored. The implications of such a mechanism would be diverse, and the argument is made here that current evidence is not sufficiently strong that the possibility should be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M Tooze
- Section of Experimental Haematology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK ; Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
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Corlu A, Loyer P. Regulation of the g1/s transition in hepatocytes: involvement of the cyclin-dependent kinase cdk1 in the DNA replication. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:689324. [PMID: 23091735 PMCID: PMC3471441 DOI: 10.1155/2012/689324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A singular feature of adult differentiated hepatocytes is their capacity to proliferate allowing liver regeneration. This review emphasizes the literature published over the last 20 years that established the most important pathways regulating the hepatocyte cell cycle. Our article also aimed at illustrating that many discoveries in this field benefited from the combined use of in vivo models of liver regeneration and in vitro models of primary cultures of human and rodent hepatocytes. Using these models, our laboratory has contributed to decipher the different steps of the progression into the G1 phase and the commitment to S phase of proliferating hepatocytes. We identified the mitogen dependent restriction point located at the two-thirds of the G1 phase and the concomitant expression and activation of both Cdk1 and Cdk2 at the G1/S transition. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these two Cdks contribute to the DNA replication. Finally, we provided strong evidences that Cdk1 expression and activation is correlated to extracellular matrix degradation upon stimulation by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFα leading to the identification of a new signaling pathway regulating Cdk1 expression at the G1/S transition. It also further confirms the well-orchestrated regulation of liver regeneration via multiple extracellular signals and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Corlu
- Inserm UMR S 991, Foie Métabolismes et Cancer, Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm UMR S 991, Foie Métabolismes et Cancer, Université de Rennes 1, Hôpital Pontchaillou, 35033 Rennes Cedex, France
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Santhekadur PK, Rajasekaran D, Siddiq A, Gredler R, Chen D, Schaus SE, Hansen U, Fisher PB, Sarkar D. The transcription factor LSF: a novel oncogene for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:269-285. [PMID: 22679558 PMCID: PMC3365805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor LSF (Late SV40 Factor), also known as TFCP2, belongs to the LSF/CP2 family related to Grainyhead family of proteins and is involved in many biological events, including regulation of cellular and viral promoters, cell cycle, DNA synthesis, cell survival and Alzheimer's disease. Our recent studies establish an oncogenic role of LSF in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LSF overexpression is detected in human HCC cell lines and in more than 90% cases of human HCC patients, compared to normal hepatocytes and liver, and its expression level showed significant correlation with the stages and grades of the disease. Forced overexpression of LSF in less aggressive HCC cells resulted in highly aggressive, angiogenic and multi-organ metastatic tumors in nude mice. Conversely, inhibition of LSF significantly abrogated growth and metastasis of highly aggressive HCC cells in nude mice. Microarray studies revealed that as a transcription factor LSF modulated specific genes regulating invasion, angiogenesis, chemoresistance and senescence. LSF transcriptionally regulates thymidylate synthase (TS) gene, thus contributing to cell cycle regulation and chemoresistance. Our studies identify a network of proteins, including osteopontin (OPN), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), c-Met and complement factor H (CFH), that are directly regulated by LSF and play important role in LSF-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. A high throughput screening identified small molecule inhibitors of LSF DNA binding and the prototype of these molecules, Factor Quinolinone inhibitor 1 (FQI1), profoundly inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in human HCC cells without exerting harmful effects to normal immortal human hepatocytes and primary mouse hepatocytes. In nude mice xenograft studies, FQI1 markedly inhibited growth of human HCC xenografts as well as angiogenesis without exerting any toxicity. These studies establish a key role of LSF in hepatocarcinogenesis and usher in a novel therapeutic avenue for HCC, an invariably fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna K Santhekadur
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ayesha Siddiq
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Rachel Gredler
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Scott E Schaus
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemical Methodology and Library Development at Boston University (CMLDBU)Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ulla Hansen
- Department of Biology, Boston UniversityBoston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
- Department of Pathology,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center,Virginia Commonwealth University, School of MedicineRichmond, VA 23298, USA
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11
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Antiproliferative small-molecule inhibitors of transcription factor LSF reveal oncogene addiction to LSF in hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:4503-8. [PMID: 22396589 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121601109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. Despite the prevalence of HCC, there is no effective, systemic treatment. The transcription factor LSF is a promising protein target for chemotherapy; it is highly expressed in HCC patient samples and cell lines, and promotes oncogenesis in rodent xenograft models of HCC. Here, we identify small molecules that effectively inhibit LSF cellular activity. The lead compound, factor quinolinone inhibitor 1 (FQI1), inhibits LSF DNA-binding activity both in vitro, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and in cells, as determined by ChIP. Consistent with such inhibition, FQI1 eliminates transcriptional stimulation of LSF-dependent reporter constructs. FQI1 also exhibits antiproliferative activity in multiple cell lines. In LSF-overexpressing cells, including HCC cells, cell death is rapidly induced; however, primary or immortalized hepatocytes are unaffected by treatment with FQI1. The highly concordant structure-activity relationship of a panel of 23 quinolinones strongly suggests that the growth inhibitory activity is due to a single biological target or family. Coupled with the striking agreement between the concentrations required for antiproliferative activity (GI(50)s) and for inhibition of LSF transactivation (IC(50)s), we conclude that LSF is the specific biological target of FQIs. Based on these in vitro results, we tested the efficacy of FQI1 in inhibiting HCC tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. As a single agent, tumor growth was dramatically inhibited with no observable general tissue cytotoxicity. These findings support the further development of LSF inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy.
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12
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Blazsó P, Sinkó I, Praznovszky T, Hadlaczky G, Katona RL. 3.6-KB mouse cyclin C promoter fragment is predominantly active in the testis. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2012; 63:26-37. [PMID: 22453798 DOI: 10.1556/abiol.63.2012.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin C is a highly conserved protein that regulates cell-cycle, messenger RNA transcription and cell adhesion. Recently published studies demonstrate that this protein is an essential player during early embryonic development of multicellular eukaryotes as well. In order to understand better its complex function at the level of tissues or organs, spatial expression characteristics of cyclin C and regulatory components of its expression are needed to be determined. In vitro studies on human cells suggested that approximately the first 3 kilobases of the cyclin C promoter might contain all the regulatory elements that might mimic transcription of cyclin C. To test the hypothesis, we generated reporter transgenic lines where the first 3.6-kilobase region of mouse cyclin C promoter fragment drives the transcription of a marker gene. Messenger RNA levels of the marker gene and cyclin C isoforms were measured in nine organs with reverse transcription coupled quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction and their expression patterns were compared. The marker gene is predominantly transcribed in testes and does not follow the transcriptional regulation of the examined cyclin C isoforms. Thus, the isolated promoter fragment alone is not sufficient for the complete physiological modulation of cyclin C RNA levels, however, it is capable of enhancing testicular transcription which can be exploited in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blazsó
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62 H-6726 Szeged Hungary.
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13
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Fan R, Chen P, Zhao D, Tong JL, Li J, Liu F. Cooperation of deregulated Notch signaling and Ras pathway in human hepatocarcinogenesis. J Mol Histol 2011; 42:473-81. [PMID: 21892768 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-011-9353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling and Ras pathway had been highlighted a potential role for in human cancers. Yet, relatively little was known about the roles of wild type Notch signaling and Ras in human hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of Ras-Notch signaling cooperation in hepatic cells transformation and proliferation. Hepatocellular carcinoma specimens from 25 patients were analyzed for Notch-1, Ras and Late Simian Virus 40 Factor (LSF) expression using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that Notch-1(76%, 19/25, P < 0.0001), Ras (40%, 10/25, P < 0.01) and LSF (84%, 21/25, P < 0.0001) were significantly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma compared with non-cancer samples. The correlations between the expression and the biological effects of Notch1 and Ras were analyzed by genetic and pharmacological methods. Constitutively active Notch1 alone failed to transform immortalized L02 cells in vivo, it synergized with the Ras pathway to promote hepatic cells transformation. However, their cooperation increased the levels of LSF mRNA and protein, which stimulates L02 cells proliferation. These results exhibited highly aggressive progression, suggesting that Notch-Ras cooperation maybe lead to poor prognosis. Thus, combining the inhibition of the two pathways provided an attractive avenue for therapeutic intervention to overcome this advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Fan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
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14
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Fan RH, Li J, Wu N, Chen PS. Late SV40 factor: A key mediator of Notch signaling in human hepatocarcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3420-30. [PMID: 21876634 PMCID: PMC3160568 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i29.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between late SV40 factor (LSF) and Notch signaling in the development and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: Liver cancer tissue specimens from 25 patients were analyzed for Notch-1 and LSF expression by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between expression and the biological effects of Notch-1 and LSF were analyzed using genetic and pharmacological strategies in HCC cell lines and human normal cell lines, including hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and human embryonic kidney epithelial cells (HEK).
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that both Notch-1 and LSF were significantly upregulated in HCC samples (76%, 19/25, P < 0.0001 and 84%, 21/25, P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with non-cancer samples. Activation of Notch-1 by exogenous transfection of Notch1 intracellular domain increased LSF expression in HSC and HEK cells to levels similar to those seen in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, blocking Notch-1 activation with a γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, downregulated LSF expression in HepG2 cells. Additionally, a biological behavior assay showed that forced overexpression of LSF promoted HepG2 cell proliferation and invasion.
CONCLUSION: LSF is a key mediator of the Notch signaling pathway, suggesting that it might be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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15
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Sucularli C, Senturk S, Ozturk M, Konu O. Dose- and time-dependent expression patterns of zebrafish orthologs of selected E2F target genes in response to serum starvation/replenishment. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:4111-23. [PMID: 21116857 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Targets of E2F transcription factors effectively regulate the cell cycle from worms to humans. Furthermore, the dysregulation of E2F transcription modules plays a highly conserved role in cancers of human and zebrafish. Studying E2F target expression under a given cellular state, such as quiescence, might lead to a better understanding of the conserved patterns of expression in different taxa. In the present study, we used literature searches and phylogeny to identify several targets of E2F transcription factors that are known to be serum-responsive; namely, PCNA, MYBL2, MCM7, TYMS, and CTGF. The transcriptional serum response of zebrafish orthologs of these genes were quantified under different doses (i.e., 0, 0.1, 1, 3, and 10% FBS) and time points (i.e., 6, 24 and 48 hours, h) using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in the zebrafish fibroblast cells (ZF4). Our results indicated that mRNA expression of zebrafish pcna, mybl2, mcm7 and tyms drastically decreased while that of ctgf increased with decreasing serum levels as observed in mammals. These genes responded to serum starvation at 24 and 48 h and to the mitogenic stimuli as early as 6 h except for ctgf whose expression was significantly altered at 24 h. The zebrafish Mcm7 protein levels also were modulated by serum starvation/replenishment. The present study provides a foundation for the comparative analysis of quantitative expression patterns for genes involved in regulation of cell cycle using a zebrafish serum response model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Sucularli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Saxena UH, Owens L, Graham JR, Cooper GM, Hansen U. Prolyl isomerase Pin1 regulates transcription factor LSF (TFCP2) by facilitating dephosphorylation at two serine-proline motifs. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31139-47. [PMID: 20682773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.078808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor LSF is essential for cell cycle progression, being required for activating expression of the thymidylate synthase (Tyms) gene at the G1/S transition. We previously established that phosphorylation of LSF in early G1 at Ser-291 and Ser-309 inhibits its transcriptional activity and that dephosphorylation later in G1 is required for its reactivation. Here we reveal the role of prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 in activating LSF, by facilitating dephosphorylation at both Ser-291 and Ser-309. We demonstrate that Pin1 binds LSF both in vitro and in vivo. Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we identify three SP/TP motifs in LSF (at residues Ser-291, Ser-309, and Thr-329) that are required and sufficient for association with Pin1. Co-expression of Pin1 enhances LSF transactivation potential in reporter assays. The Pin1-dependent enhancement of LSF activity requires residue Thr-329 in LSF, requires both the WW and PPiase domains of Pin1, and correlates with hypophosphorylation of LSF at Ser-291 and Ser-309. These findings support a model in which the binding of Pin1 at the Thr-329-Pro-330 motif in LSF permits isomerization by Pin1 of the peptide bonds at the nearby phosphorylated SP motifs (Ser-291 and Ser-309) to the trans configuration, thereby facilitating their dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsav H Saxena
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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17
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Hansen U, Owens L, Saxena UH. Transcription factors LSF and E2Fs: tandem cyclists driving G0 to S? Cell Cycle 2009; 8:2146-51. [PMID: 19556876 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.14.9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression in mammalian cells from G(1) into S phase requires sensing and integration of multiple inputs, in order to determine whether to continue to cellular DNA replication and subsequently, to cell division. Passage to S requires transition through the restriction point, which at a molecular level consists of a bistable switch involving E2Fs and pRb family members. At the G(1)/S boundary, a number of genes essential for DNA replication and cell cycle progression are upregulated, promoting entry into S phase. Although the activating E2Fs are the most extensively characterized transcription factors driving G(1)/S expression, LSF is also a transcription factor essential for stimulating G(1)/S gene expression. A critical LSF target gene at this stage, Tyms, encodes thymidylate synthetase. In investigating how LSF is activated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, we recently identified a novel time delay mechanism for regulating its activity during G(1) progression, which is apparently independent of the E2F/pRb axis. This involves inhibition of LSF in early G(1) by two major proliferative signaling pathways: ERK and cyclin C/CDK, followed by gradual dephosphorylation during mid- to late-G(1). Whether LSF and E2F act independently or in concert to promote G(1)/S progression remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla Hansen
- Department of Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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