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Vlahopoulos SA. Divergent Processing of Cell Stress Signals as the Basis of Cancer Progression: Licensing NFκB on Chromatin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8621. [PMID: 39201306 PMCID: PMC11354898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is activated by diverse triggers that induce the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules, which permit a succession of molecules and cells to deliver stimuli and functions that help the immune system clear the primary cause of tissue damage, whether this is an infection, a tumor, or a trauma. During inflammation, short-term changes in the expression and secretion of strong mediators of inflammation occur, while long-term changes occur to specific groups of cells. Long-term changes include cellular transdifferentiation for some types of cells that need to regenerate damaged tissue, as well as death for specific immune cells that can be detrimental to tissue integrity if they remain active beyond the boundaries of essential function. The transcriptional regulator NFκB enables some of the fundamental gene expression changes during inflammation, as well as during tissue development. During recurrence of malignant disease, cell stress-induced alterations enable the growth of cancer cell clones that are substantially resistant to therapeutic intervention and to the immune system. A number of those alterations occur due to significant defects in feedback signal cascades that control the activity of NFκB. Specifically, cell stress contributes to feedback defects as it overrides modules that otherwise control inflammation to protect host tissue. NFκB is involved in both the suppression and promotion of cancer, and the key distinctive feature that determines its net effect remains unclear. This paper aims to provide a clear answer to at least one aspect of this question, namely the mechanism that enables a divergent response of cancer cells to critical inflammatory stimuli and to cell stress in general.
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2
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Pawlicka M, Gumbarewicz E, Błaszczak E, Stepulak A. Transcription Factors and Markers Related to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Their Role in Resistance to Therapies in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1354. [PMID: 38611032 PMCID: PMC11010970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are heterogeneous and aggressive tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. Although various histological types exist, the most common is squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The incidence of HNSCC is increasing, making it an important public health concern. Tumor resistance to contemporary treatments, namely, chemo- and radiotherapy, and the recurrence of the primary tumor after its surgical removal cause huge problems for patients. Despite recent improvements in these treatments, the 5-year survival rate is still relatively low. HNSCCs may develop local lymph node metastases and, in the most advanced cases, also distant metastases. A key process associated with tumor progression and metastasis is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), when poorly motile epithelial tumor cells acquire motile mesenchymal characteristics. These transition cells can invade different adjacent tissues and finally form metastases. EMT is governed by various transcription factors, including the best-characterized TWIST1 and TWIST2, SNAIL, SLUG, ZEB1, and ZEB2. Here, we highlight the current knowledge of the process of EMT in HNSCC and present the main protein markers associated with it. This review focuses on the transcription factors related to EMT and emphasizes their role in the resistance of HNSCC to current chemo- and radiotherapies. Understanding the role of EMT and the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process may help with the development of novel anti-cancer therapies for this type of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.P.); (E.G.); (E.B.)
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3
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Chiu HW, Lin CH, Lee HH, Lu HW, Lin YHK, Lin YF, Lee HL. Guanylate binding protein 5 triggers NF-κB activation to foster radioresistance, metastatic progression and PD-L1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Immunol 2024; 259:109892. [PMID: 38185269 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Radioresistance and metastasis are critical issues in managing oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been recommended to treat OSCC, lacking useful biomarkers limited their anti-cancer effectiveness. We found that guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5) is upregulated in primary tumors and associates with radioresistance in OSCC. GBP5 expression causally associated with cellular radioresistance and migration ability in the OSCC cell variants. GBP5 upregulation was examined to be correlated with NF-κB activation and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) elevation in OSCC samples. GBP5 knockdown was mitigated, but overexpression enhanced, NF-κB activity and PD-L1 expression in the OSCC cells. NF-κB inhibition by SN50 dramatically suppressed the GBP5-forested irradiation resistance, cellular migration ability and PD-L1 expression in OSCC cells. Importantly, GBP5 upregulation predicted a favorable outcome in cancer patients received ICI treatment. Our findings provide GBP5 as a useful biomarker to predict the anti-OSCC effectiveness of irradiation and ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Vertigo and Balance Impairment Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Kent Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, North Shore Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gynecology, Ryde Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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4
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Harada M, Su-Harada K, Kimura T, Ono K, Ashida N. Sustained activation of NF-κB through constitutively active IKKβ leads to senescence bypass in murine dermal fibroblasts. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:308-327. [PMID: 38461418 PMCID: PMC11057680 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2325802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) plays a central role in the regulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) acquisition, our understanding of the involvement of NF-κB in the induction of cellular senescence is limited. Here, we show that activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway suppresses senescence in murine dermal fibroblasts. IκB kinase β (IKKβ)-depleted dermal fibroblasts showed ineffective NF-κB activation and underwent senescence more rapidly than control cells when cultured under 20% oxygen conditions, as indicated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and p16INK4a mRNA levels. Conversely, the expression of constitutively active IKKβ (IKKβ-CA) was sufficient to drive senescence bypass. Notably, the expression of a degradation-resistant form of inhibitor of κB (IκB), which inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, abolished senescence bypass, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of IKKβ-CA on senescence is largely mediated by NF-κB. We also found that IKKβ-CA expression suppressed the derepression of INK4/Arf genes and counteracted the senescence-associated loss of Ezh2, a catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of Ezh2 abolished IKKβ-CA-induced senescence bypass. We propose that NF-κB plays a suppressive role in the induction of stress-induced senescence through sustaining Ezh2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanae Su-Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Noboru Ashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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5
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Singh S, Saini H, Sharma A, Gupta S, Huddar VG, Tripathi R. Breast cancer: miRNAs monitoring chemoresistance and systemic therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155254. [PMID: 37397377 PMCID: PMC10312137 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With a high mortality rate that accounts for millions of cancer-related deaths each year, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in women. Chemotherapy has significant potential in the prevention and spreading of breast cancer; however, drug resistance often hinders therapy in breast cancer patients. The identification and the use of novel molecular biomarkers, which can predict response to chemotherapy, might lead to tailoring breast cancer treatment. In this context, accumulating research has reported microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection, and are conducive to designing a more specific treatment plan by helping analyze drug resistance and sensitivity in breast cancer treatment. In this review, miRNAs are discussed in two alternative ways-as tumor suppressors to be used in miRNA replacement therapy to reduce oncogenesis and as oncomirs to lessen the translation of the target miRNA. Different miRNAs like miR-638, miR-17, miR-20b, miR-342, miR-484, miR-21, miR-24, miR-27, miR-23 and miR-200 are involved in the regulation of chemoresistance through diverse genetic targets. For instance, tumor-suppressing miRNAs like miR-342, miR-16, miR-214, and miR-128 and tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR101 and miR-106-25 cluster regulate the cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and other pathways to impart breast cancer drug resistance. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the significance of miRNA biomarkers that could assist in providing novel therapeutic targets to overcome potential chemotherapy resistance to systemic therapy and further facilitate the design of tailored therapy for enhanced efficacy against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Saini
- Integrated translational Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Rog Nidan and Vikriti vigyan (Pathology), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhash Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V. G. Huddar
- Department of Kaya Chikitsa (Internal Medicine), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Integrated translational Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Rog Nidan and Vikriti vigyan (Pathology), All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi, India
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Waryah C, Alves E, Mazzieri R, Dolcetti R, Thompson EW, Redfern A, Blancafort P. Unpacking the Complexity of Epithelial Plasticity: From Master Regulator Transcription Factors to Non-Coding RNAs. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3152. [PMID: 37370762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity in cancer enables adaptation to selective pressures and stress imposed by the tumor microenvironment. This plasticity facilitates the remodeling of cancer cell phenotype and function (such as tumor stemness, metastasis, chemo/radio resistance), and the reprogramming of the surrounding tumor microenvironment to enable immune evasion. Epithelial plasticity is one form of cellular plasticity, which is intrinsically linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Traditionally, EMT has been regarded as a binary state. Yet, increasing evidence suggests that EMT involves a spectrum of quasi-epithelial and quasi-mesenchymal phenotypes governed by complex interactions between cellular metabolism, transcriptome regulation, and epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the complex cross-talk between the different layers of epithelial plasticity in cancer, encompassing the core layer of transcription factors, their interacting epigenetic modifiers and non-coding RNAs, and the manipulation of cancer immunogenicity in transitioning between epithelial and mesenchymal states. In examining these factors, we provide insights into promising therapeutic avenues and potential anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Waryah
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Eric Alves
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Roberta Mazzieri
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Redfern
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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7
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Kang X, Jadhav S, Annaji M, Huang CH, Amin R, Shen J, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK, Babu RJ, Chen P. Advancing Cancer Therapy with Copper/Disulfiram Nanomedicines and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1567. [PMID: 37376016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) is a thiocarbamate based drug that has been approved for treating alcoholism for over 60 years. Preclinical studies have shown that DSF has anticancer efficacy, and its supplementation with copper (CuII) significantly potentiates the efficacy of DSF. However, the results of clinical trials have not yielded promising results. The elucidation of the anticancer mechanisms of DSF/Cu (II) will be beneficial in repurposing DSF as a new treatment for certain types of cancer. DSF's anticancer mechanism is primarily due to its generating reactive oxygen species, inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity inhibition, and decreasing the levels of transcriptional proteins. DSF also shows inhibitory effects in cancer cell proliferation, the self-renewal of cancer stem cells (CSCs), angiogenesis, drug resistance, and suppresses cancer cell metastasis. This review also discusses current drug delivery strategies for DSF alone diethyldithocarbamate (DDC), Cu (II) and DSF/Cu (II), and the efficacious component Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Kang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sanika Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Manjusha Annaji
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chung-Hui Huang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11431, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - R Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Materials Research and Education Center, Materials Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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8
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Shah AM, Guo L, Morales MG, Jaichander P, Chen K, Huang H, Cano Hernandez K, Xu L, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN, Liu N. TWIST2-mediated chromatin remodeling promotes fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade8184. [PMID: 37115930 PMCID: PMC10146891 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common soft tissue sarcoma in children that resembles developing skeletal muscle. Unlike normal muscle cells, RMS cells fail to differentiate despite expression of the myogenic determination protein MYOD. The TWIST2 transcription factor is frequently overexpressed in fusion-negative RMS (FN-RMS). TWIST2 blocks differentiation by inhibiting MYOD activity in myoblasts, but its role in FN-RMS pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we show that knockdown of TWIST2 enables FN-RMS cells to exit the cell cycle and undergo terminal myogenesis. TWIST2 knockdown also substantially reduces tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of FN-RMS. Mechanistically, TWIST2 controls H3K27 acetylation at distal enhancers by interacting with the chromatin remodelers SMARCA4 and CHD3 to activate growth-related target genes and repress myogenesis-related target genes. These findings provide insights into the role of TWIST2 in maintaining an undifferentiated and tumorigenic state of FN-RMS and highlight the potential of suppressing TWIST2-regulated pathways to treat FN-RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha M. Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maria Gabriela Morales
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscilla Jaichander
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kenian Chen
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Huocong Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karla Cano Hernandez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Brierly G, Celentano A, Breik O, Moslemivayeghan E, Patini R, McCullough M, Yap T. Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061841. [PMID: 36980727 PMCID: PMC10046488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the inflammatory mechanisms underpinning initiation, progression, and promotion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development is fundamental to the rational pursuit of targeted therapeutics. Here we present a review of the current knowledge of the role of TNF-α in the aetiology, pathogenesis, and potential therapies with regards to OSCC. TNF-α is worthy of particular attention in OSCC, with its presence demonstrated to enhance cell proliferation and its downregulation demonstrated to inhibit proliferation and migration in other carcinomas in both in vitro and in vivo models and oral cancer patients. Increased TNF-α in the OSCC tumour microenvironment has been demonstrated to favour invasion through promotion of firstly the pro-inflammatory, pro-invasive phenotypes of OSCC cells and secondly its paracrine mechanism mediating recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells. Polymorphisms affecting the gene expression of TNF-α have been strongly associated with an increased risk for oral squamous cell carcinoma. A number of studies have considered TNF-α within biofluids, including saliva and serum, as a potential biomarker for the early detection of OSCC, as well as its staging, differentiation, and prognosis. The broad and multifaceted role that TNF-α plays in many inflammatory states presents an obvious confounder, particularly with demonstrated increased TNF-α levels in common oral disease states. Lastly, biologic agents targeting TNF-α are currently in clinical use for immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatological and gastrointestinal diseases. There is the potential that these biological agents might have an adjunctive role in OSCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Brierly
- Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Omar Breik
- Maxillofacial/Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elham Moslemivayeghan
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Romeo Patini
- Department of Head, Neck and Sense Organs, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Tami Yap
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
- Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
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10
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Abdolmohammadi MH, Roozbehani M, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Heidari F, Fallahian F. Targeting PPARγ/ NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Britannin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Inula aucheriana DC., in Gastric Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:2102-2110. [PMID: 37723632 DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230918140559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadliest malignancies in the world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective agents to reduce mortality. The plants of genus Inula have gained the attention of researchers worldwide as a rich source of potent medicinal compounds. OBJECTIVE This study explores the anti-cancer activity of Britannin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula aucheriana DC., and its molecular mechanism in gastric cancer cells, AGS and MKN45. METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT assay following 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h treatment with different concentrations of Britannin. Apoptosis rate and caspase-3 activity were measured 24 h after treatment by Britannin. . Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of the NF-κB, IκBα, and PPARγ proteins. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR was applied to measure the expression of NF-κB target genes. RESULTS We showed that Britannin induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Britannin caused an elevation in mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ. The involvement of PPARγ was more confirmed using GW9662, a PPARγ inhibitor. Suppression of NF-κB was demonstrated by western blot analysis. Down-regulation of MMP-9, TWIST-1, COX-2, and Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax were also observed in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSION These results imply that activation of the PPARγ signaling pathway through suppression of NF-κB underlies the anti-cancer properties of Britannin in gastric cancer. Therefore, Britannin could be considered as a promising anti-cancer candidate for further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Roozbehani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hamzeloo-Moghadam
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Faranak Fallahian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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11
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Tufail M, Cui J, Wu C. Breast cancer: molecular mechanisms of underlying resistance and therapeutic approaches. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2920-2949. [PMID: 35968356 PMCID: PMC9360230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) affects over 250,000 women in the US each year. Drug-resistant cancer cells are responsible for most breast cancer fatalities. Scientists are developing novel chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted therapy combinations to overcome cancer cell resistance. Combining drugs can reduce the chances of a tumor developing resistance to treatment. Clinical research has shown that combination chemotherapy enhances or improves survival, depending on the patient's response to treatment. Combination therapy is a highly successful supplemental cancer treatment. This review sheds light on intrinsic resistance to BC drugs and the importance of combination therapy for BC treatment. In addition to recurrence and metastasis of BC, the article discussed biomarkers for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Microbiology, Changzhi Medical CollegeChangzhi 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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Circ-MAN1A2 Contributes to the Acquired Resistance of Gefitinib by Binding to miR-409-3p to Induce TWIST1 Expression in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Kontek R. Transcription factors in DNA damage response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188757. [PMID: 35781034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) constitute a wide and highly diverse group of proteins capable of controlling gene expression. Their roles in oncogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis have been established, but recently their role in the DNA damage response pathway (DDR) has emerged. Many of them can affect elements of canonical DDR pathways, modulating their activity and deciding on the effectiveness of DNA repair. In this review, we focus on the latest reports on the effects of two TFs with dual roles in oncogenesis and metastasis (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF1α), proto-oncogene MYC) and three epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) TFs (twist-related protein 1 (TWIST), zinc-finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), and zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281)) associated with control of canonical DDR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; University of Lodz, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Narutowicza 60, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Overexpression of the nucleoporin Nup88 stimulates migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2021; 156:409-421. [PMID: 34331103 PMCID: PMC8604841 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02020-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated expression of the nucleoporin Nup88, a constituent of the nuclear pore complex, is seen in various types of malignant tumors, but whether this overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype has yet to be determined. Here, we investigated the effect of the overexpression of Nup88 on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer HeLa cells. The overexpression of Nup88 promoted a slight but significant increase in both migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of Nup88 by RNA interference suppressed these phenotypes. The observed phenotypes in Nup88-overexpressing HeLa cells were not due to the progression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or activation of NF-κB, which are known to be important for cell migration and invasion. Instead, we identified an upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) at both the gene and protein levels in Nup88-overexpressing HeLa cells. Upregulation of MMP-12 protein by the overexpression of Nup88 was also observed in one other cervical cancer cell line and two prostate cancer cell lines but not 293 cells. Treatment with a selective inhibitor against MMP-12 enzymatic activity significantly suppressed the invasive ability of HeLa cells induced by Nup88 overexpression. Taken together, our results suggest that overexpression of Nup88 can stimulate malignant phenotypes including invasive ability, which is promoted by MMP-12 expression.
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The role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors in anti-cancer drug resistance. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:281-292. [PMID: 33768509 PMCID: PMC8009775 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The complex orchestration of gene expression that mediates the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells is implicated in cancer development and metastasis. As the primary regulator of the process, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-regulating transcription factors (EMT-TFs) play key roles in metastasis. They are also highlighted in recent preclinical studies on resistance to cancer therapy. This review describes the role of three main EMT-TFs, including Snail, Twist1, and zinc-finger E homeobox-binding 1 (ZEB1), relating to drug resistance and current possible approaches for future challenges targeting EMT-TFs.
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Lv N, Liu F, Cheng L, Liu F, Kuang J. The Expression of Transcription Factors is Different in Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells during TNF - α induced EMT. J Cancer 2021; 12:2777-2786. [PMID: 33854637 PMCID: PMC8040707 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory mediators in tumor microenvironment and autoimmune diseases, it is highly expressed in many solid tumors and tumor microenvironment, showing a tumor promoting role. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying TNF-α-increased invasion of thyroid cancer are still not fully understood. In order to explore whether TNF-α plays a key role in the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we used TNF-α to induce EMT in different PTC cell lines, and observed the expression of different transcription factors and signal pathways. After TNF-α treatment, in TPC-1, Snail and ZEB2 mRNA levels did not change significantly, while Slug, Twist1, ZEB1 mRNA expression increased. In BCPAP, Snail mRNA level increased significantly (P < 0.01), while Twist1 showed a certain degree of increase only at the concentration of TNF - α 20 ng / ml (P < 0.01), but mRNA of Slug, ZEB1, ZEB2 showed no significant change. The expression of proteins was consistent with genes. The activation of different pathways did not show gene differences, and pathway inhibitors could reduce the invasion and metastasis of cells, but only NF-κB inhibitors could reverse the expression of transcription factors. Expressions of Snail and Slug in different PTC cell lines were dependent on pro-oncogene mutation, but the pathway had no differences. The establishment of this study model can enrich the research on the pathogenesis and metastasis of thyroid cancer, effectively link the inflammatory microenvironment with the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
| | - Jinsong Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang; 20 Huanghe South st, Huanggu District, Shenyang,China
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Disulfiram as a Therapeutic Agent for Metastatic Malignant Melanoma-Old Myth or New Logos? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123538. [PMID: 33260923 PMCID: PMC7760689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, disulfiram has gained in attention as an anticancer drug due to its broad activity against various cancers, and its mechanisms and molecular targets have been deciphered in vitro and in vivo. One of these cancers is melanoma. Initial data from human studies show some benefit, but do not confirm its broad efficacy as a monotherapy. However, combination approaches could pave the way for exploiting the beneficial effects of disulfiram for cancer patients, including those with melanoma. Abstract New therapeutic concepts such as anti-PD-1-based immunotherapy or targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors have significantly improved the survival of melanoma patients. However, about 20% of patients with targeted therapy and up to 50% with immunotherapies do not respond to their first-line treatment or rapidly develop resistance. In addition, there is no approved targeted therapy for certain subgroups, namely BRAF wild-type melanomas, although they often bear aggressive tumor biology. A repurposing of already approved drugs is a promising strategy to fill this gap, as it will result in comparatively low costs, lower risks and time savings. Disulfiram (DSF), the first drug to treat alcoholism, which received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration more than 60 years ago, is such a drug candidate. There is growing evidence that DSF has great potential for the treatment of various human cancers, including melanoma. Several mechanisms of its antitumor activity have been identified, amongst them the inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the induction of reactive oxygen species and various death signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the application of DSF in humans, its molecular mechanisms and targets in cancer therapy with a focus on melanoma. The results of clinical studies and experimental combination approaches of DSF with various cancer therapies are discussed, with the aim of exploring the potential of DSF in melanoma therapy.
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TWIST1 Gene Expression as a Biomarker for Predicting Primary Doxorubicin Resistance in Breast Cancer. Balkan J Med Genet 2019; 22:25-30. [PMID: 31942413 PMCID: PMC6956638 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2019-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer. In the studies focused on finding biomarkers to predict the response of the patients and tumors to the drugs used, the Twist transcription factor has been suggested as a candidate biomarker for predicting chemo-resistance of breast tumors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TWIST transcription factor expression and the effectiveness of doxorubicin treatment on directly taken primary tumor samples from chemotherapy-naive breast cancer patients. Twenty-six primary breast tumor samples taken from 26 different breast cancer patients were included in this study. Adenosine triphosphate tumor chemo-sensitivity assay (ATP-TCA) has been used to determine tumor response to doxorubicin and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for analyzing the TWIST1 gene expression of tumors. There was a significant difference in TWIST gene expression between responder and non responder tumors (p <0.05). The TWIST gene expression of the drug-resistant group was higher than the responsive group. This difference was not dependent on the histopathological features of tumors. In conclusion, compatible with earlier studies that have been performed with cell lines, the current study supports the role of higher TWIST gene expression as a biomarker for predicting the response of breast tumors to chemo-therapeutic agent doxorubicin.
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Xu D, Li J, Li RY, Lan T, Xiao C, Gong P. PD-L1 Expression Is Regulated By NF-κB During EMT Signaling In Gastric Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10099-10105. [PMID: 31819504 PMCID: PMC6883928 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s224053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurring in gastric carcinoma cells and the involvement of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in tumor cells that undergo EMT. The mechanisms underlying PD-L1 expression during EMT in gastric carcinoma cells were also explored. Methods The capacities of migration and invasion were tested by cell scratch-wound assay and transwell chamber assay. PD-L1 expression by SGC7901 cell line and related mechanism were measured by Western blot and QRT-PCR. Results Treating with TGF-β1 promotes the motility of SGC7901 and PD-L1 expression in vitro, while activating the NF-κB signal pathway. Conclusion EMT increases the capacities of migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells, which resulted in up-regulation of PD-L1 expression via a mechanism that is dependent on NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Yang Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Xiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
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20
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Bourguignon LYW. Matrix Hyaluronan-CD44 Interaction Activates MicroRNA and LncRNA Signaling Associated With Chemoresistance, Invasion, and Tumor Progression. Front Oncol 2019; 9:492. [PMID: 31293964 PMCID: PMC6598393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor malignancies involve cancer cell growth, issue invasion, metastasis and often drug resistance. A great deal of effort has been placed on searching for unique molecule(s) overexpressed in cancer cells that correlate(s) with tumor cell-specific behaviors. Hyaluronan (HA), one of the major ECM (extracellular matrix) components have been identified as a physiological ligand for surface CD44 isoforms which are frequently overexpressed in malignant tumor cells during cancer progression. The binding interaction between HA and CD44 isoforms often stimulates aberrant cellular signaling processes and appears to be responsible for the induction of multiple oncogenic events required for cancer-specific phenotypes and behaviors. In recent years, both microRNAs (miRNAs) (with ~20–25 nucleotides) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) (with ~200 nucleotides) have been found to be abnormally expressed in cancer cells and actively participate in numerous oncogenic signaling events needed for tumor cell-specific functions. In this review, I plan to place a special emphasis on HA/CD44-induced signaling pathways and the presence of several novel miRNAs (e.g., miR-10b/miR-302/miR-21) and lncRNAs (e.g., UCA1) together with their target functions (e.g., tumor cell migration, invasion, and chemoresistance) during cancer development and progression. I believe that important information can be obtained from these studies on HA/CD44-activated miRNAs and lncRNA that may be very valuable for the future development of innovative therapeutic drugs for the treatment of matrix HA/CD44-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Y W Bourguignon
- Endocrine Unit (111N2), Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Hsieh SL, Hsieh S, Lai PY, Wang JJ, Li CC, Wu CC. Carnosine Suppresses Human Colorectal Cell Migration and Intravasation by Regulating EMT and MMP Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:477-494. [PMID: 30909731 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide found in the vertebrate skeletal muscles that is usually obtained through the diet. To investigate the mechanism by which carnosine regulates the migration and intravasation of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, we used cultured HCT-116 cells as an experimental model in this study. We examined HCT-116 cell migratory and intravasive abilities and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated molecules and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) after carnosine treatment. The results showed that both migration and invasion were inhibited in cells treated with carnosine. We found significant decreases in Twist-1 protein levels and increases in E-cadherin protein levels in HCT-116 cells after carnosine exposure. Although plasminogen activator (uPA) and MMP-9 mRNA and protein levels were decreased, TIMP-1 mRNA and protein levels were increased. Furthermore, the cytosolic levels of phosphorylated I κ B (p-I κ B) and NF- κ B DNA-binding activity were reduced after carnosine treatment. These results indicate that carnosine inhibits the migration and intravasation of human CRC cells. The regulatory mechanism may occur by suppressing NF- κ B activity and modulating MMP and EMT-related gene expression in HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ling Hsieh
- * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - ShuChen Hsieh
- † Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Lai
- * Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Jye Wang
- ‡ Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- § Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Wu
- ¶ Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung 43301, Taiwan
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Chemoresistance mechanisms of breast cancer and their countermeasures. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108800. [PMID: 30921705 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is one of the major challenges for the breast cancer treatment. Owing to its heterogeneous nature, the chemoresistance mechanisms of breast cancer are complicated, and not been fully elucidated. The existing treatments fall short of offering adequate solution to drug resistance, so more effective approaches are desperately needed to improve existing therapeutic regimens. To overcome this hurdle, a number of strategies are being investigated, such as novel agents or drug carriers and combination treatment. In addition, some new therapeutics including gene therapy and immunotherapy may be promising for dealing with the resistance. In this article, we review the mechanisms of chemoresistance in breast cancer. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic methods to overcome the resistance were discussed.
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Abstract
miR-203 is an epigenetically silenced tumor-suppressive microRNA in tumors. This study was designed to investigate the effects of miR-203 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of bladder cancer (BCa) cells. The expression levels of miR-203 in BCa tissues, normal adjacent tissues, and BCa cell lines were detected. BCa cells were transfected with miR-203 mimic and inhibitor to investigate the effect of miR-203 on cell functions and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cotransfection with miR-203 inhibitor and shRNA of the predicted target gene Twist1 (si-Twist1) was performed to investigate the target relationship of miR-203 and Twist1. The effects of knockdown of Twist1 on cell functions were also investigated. The expression of miR-203 was significantly reduced in BCa tissues and cells, in comparison with the control. miR-203 mimic significantly reduced cell viability, invasion, migration, and EMT, and enhanced cell apoptosis. On the contrary, miR-203 inhibitor showed the opposite results. However, the administration of si-Twist1 cancelled the effect of miR-203 inhibitor on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration. These demonstrated that miR-203 may function as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in BCa by negatively targeting Twist1. Both Twist1 and miR-203 might be explored as potential targets for studying the mechanism related to BCa pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Ningnan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China
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Targeting the EMT transcription factor TWIST1 overcomes resistance to EGFR inhibitors in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2018; 38:656-670. [PMID: 30171258 PMCID: PMC6358506 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have significantly benefited from the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, long-term efficacy of these therapies is limited due to de novo resistance (~30%) as well as acquired resistance. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factors (EMT-TFs), have been identified as drivers of EMT-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs, however, strategies to target EMT-TFs are lacking. As the third generation EGFR TKI, osimertinib, has now been adopted in the first-line setting, the frequency of T790M mutations will significantly decrease in the acquired resistance setting. Previously less common mechanisms of acquired resistance to first generation EGFR TKIs including EMT are now being observed at an increased frequency after osimertinib. Importantly, there are no other FDA approved targeted therapies after progression on osimertinib. Here, we investigated a novel strategy to overcome EGFR TKI resistance through targeting the EMT-TF, TWIST1, in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We demonstrated that genetic silencing of TWIST1 or treatment with the TWIST1 inhibitor, harmine, resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. TWIST1 overexpression resulted in erlotinib and osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of TWIST1 in EGFR TKI-resistant EGFR-mutant cells increased sensitivity to EGFR TKIs. TWIST1-mediated EGFR TKI resistance was due in part to TWIST1 suppression of transcription of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene, BCL2L11 (BIM), by directly binding to BCL2L11 intronic regions and promoter. As such, pan-BCL2 inhibitor treatment overcame TWIST1-mediated EGFR TKI resistance and were more effective in the setting of TWIST1 overexpression. Finally, in a mouse model of autochthonous EGFR-mutant lung cancer, Twist1 overexpression resulted in erlotinib resistance and suppression of erlotinib-induced apoptosis. These studies establish TWIST1 as a driver of resistance to EGFR TKIs and provide rationale for use of TWIST1 inhibitors or BCL2 inhibitors as means to overcome EMT-mediated resistance to EGFR TKIs.
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Saxena M, Balaji SA, Deshpande N, Ranganathan S, Pillai DM, Hindupur SK, Rangarajan A. AMP-activated protein kinase promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells through Twist1 upregulation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.208314. [PMID: 29950484 PMCID: PMC6080604 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.208314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental programme of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), involving loss of epithelial and acquisition of mesenchymal properties, plays an important role in the invasion-metastasis cascade of cancer cells. In the present study, we show that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) using A769662 led to a concomitant induction of EMT in multiple cancer cell types, as observed by enhanced expression of mesenchymal markers, decrease in epithelial markers, and increase in migration and invasion. In contrast, inhibition or depletion of AMPK led to a reversal of EMT. Importantly, AMPK activity was found to be necessary for the induction of EMT by physiological cues such as hypoxia and TGFβ treatment. Furthermore, AMPK activation increased the expression and nuclear localization of Twist1, an EMT transcription factor. Depletion of Twist1 impaired AMPK-induced EMT phenotypes, suggesting that AMPK might mediate its effects on EMT, at least in part, through Twist1 upregulation. Inhibition or depletion of AMPK also attenuated metastasis. Thus, our data underscore a central role for AMPK in the induction of EMT and in metastasis, suggesting that strategies targeting AMPK might provide novel approaches to curb cancer spread. Highlighted Article: Pharmacological and physiological activation of AMPK promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells through Twist1 upregulation and its increased nuclear localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Saxena
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai A Balaji
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Santhalakshmi Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Mohan Pillai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sravanth Kumar Hindupur
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
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Zakaria N, Mohd Yusoff N, Zakaria Z, Widera D, Yahaya BH. Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling Reduces the Stemness Characteristics of Lung Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2018; 8:166. [PMID: 29868483 PMCID: PMC5966538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that play a pivotal role in tumor development, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. We and others have reported significant involvement of the NF-κB pathway in regulating CSCs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we evaluated the effects of NF-κB inhibition on self-renewal, stemness, migration, and expression of genes involved in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis resistance in lung CSCs. Different concentrations of the NF-κB inhibitor BMS-345541 (0.4, 4.0, and 10.0 µM), an inhibitor the NF-κB upstream kinase IKKβ, were used to treat both lung CSCs (CD166+CD44+, CD166+EpCAM+) and non-CSC NSCLC cells (CD166−CD44−, CD166−EpCAM−) in A549 and H2170 cell lines. We assessed the impact of BMS-345541 on the ability to form tumorspheres (self-renewal assay), expression of stemness genes (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, SCA-1, and KLF4), migration, and expression of EMT and apoptosis-related genes. Inhibition of NF-κB by BMS-345541 effectively reduced the stemness, self-renewal, and migration capacity of lung CSCs. Moreover, expression of genes involved in the EMT (SNAI1 and TWIST) and apoptosis resistance (BCL-2, BAX, and BIRC5) was significantly reduced following the treatments, suggesting that NF-κB inhibition is sufficient to prevent the EMT and induce apoptosis in lung CSCs. Our findings suggest that NF-κB inhibition could reduce the capability of CSCs to maintain their population within the tumor mass, potentially decelerating cancer progression, relapse, and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norashikin Zakaria
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
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Tang H, Massi D, Hemmings BA, Mandalà M, Hu Z, Wicki A, Xue G. AKT-ions with a TWIST between EMT and MET. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62767-62777. [PMID: 27623213 PMCID: PMC5308764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist is an important regulator of cranial suture during embryogenesis. Closure of the neural tube is achieved via Twist-triggered cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by a remarkable increase in cell motility. In the absence of Twist activity, EMT and associated phenotypic changes in cell morphology and motility can also be induced, albeit moderately, by other transcription factor families, including Snail and Zeb. Aberrant EMT triggered by Twist in human mammary tumour cells was first reported to drive metastasis to the lung in a metastatic breast cancer model. Subsequent analysis of many types of carcinoma demonstrated overexpression of these unique EMT transcription factors, which statistically correlated with worse outcome, indicating their potential as biomarkers in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying their activation remain unclear. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates they are selectively activated by distinct intracellular kinases, thereby acting as downstream effectors facilitating transduction of cytoplasmic signals into nucleus and reprogramming EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) transcription to control cell plasticity. Understanding these relationships and emerging data indicating differential phosphorylation of Twist leads to complex and even paradoxical functionalities, will be vital to unlocking their potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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28
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Wu H, Wang X, Mo N, Zhang L, Yuan X, Lü Z. B7-Homolog 4 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion of Bladder Cancer Cells via Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1267-1274. [PMID: 29391086 PMCID: PMC7844705 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15172227703244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-homolog 4 (B7-H4), a member of the B7 family of costimulatory molecules, has been reported to be upregulated in urothelial cell carcinoma. This study was conducted to explore the biological role of B7-H4 in the aggressiveness of bladder cancer and the associated molecular mechanism. We found that the mRNA and protein levels of B7-H4 were significantly greater in bladder cancer cell lines than in SV-HUC-1 (normal human urothelial cells). Overexpression of B7-H4 significantly promoted bladder cancer cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of B7-H4 exerted an opposite effect. However, the growth of bladder cancer cells was not altered by B7-H4 overexpression or knockdown. Overexpression of B7-H4 promoted epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by decreased E-cadherin and increased vimentin expression. The EMT inducers Twist1 and Snail were upregulated by B7-H4 overexpression and downregulated by B7-H4 silencing. Mechanistically, overexpression of B7-H4 induced the activation of NF-κB signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB partially prevented B7-H4-mediated bladder cancer cell invasion. Taken together, B7-H4/NF-κB signaling is involved in the EMT and invasion of bladder cancer cells and represents a new candidate target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wu
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xugang Wang
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Naixin Mo
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lü
- Department of Urology, Wujin Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, P.R. China
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Ardalan Khales S, Ebrahimi E, Jahanzad E, Ardalan Khales S, Forghanifard MM. MAML1 and TWIST1 co-overexpression promote invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 14:e434-e441. [PMID: 29333702 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with considerable morbidity and mortality. Invasion and metastasis of HNSCC is a complex process involving multiple molecules and signaling pathways. Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (TWIST1) and Mastermind-like 1 (MAML1) are essential in induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through direct regulation of implicated molecules in cellular adhesion, migration and invasion. Our aim in this study was to assess the clinical significance of MAML1 and TWIST1 expression in HNSCC, and elucidate the probable correlation between these genes to exhibit their possible associations with progression and metastasis of the disease. METHODS The gene expression profile of MAML1 and TWIST1 was assessed in fresh tumoral compared to distant tumor-free tissues of 55 HNSCC patients using quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Significant overexpression of MAML1 and TWIST1 mRNA was observed in 49.1% and 38.2% (P ˂ 0.05) of tumor specimens, respectively. Overexpression of MAML1 was associated with vascular invasion (P = 0.048). Concomitant overexpression of MAML1 and TWIST1 was significantly correlated to each other (P = 0.004). Co-overexpression of the genes was significantly correlated to the various clinicopathological indices of poor prognosis including depth of tumor invasion (P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion and grade of tumor cell differentiation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Significant correlation between MAML1 and TWIST1 in HNSCC was revealed. This study was the first report elucidating MAML1 clinical relevance in HNSCC. These new findings suggest an oncogenic role for concomitant expression of MAML1 and TWIST1 genes in HNSCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Ardalan Khales
- Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Eisa Jahanzad
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ardalan Khales
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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30
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Wang L, Tan RZ, Zhang ZX, Yin R, Zhang YL, Cui WJ, He T. Association between Twist and multidrug resistance gene-associated proteins in Taxol ®-resistant MCF-7 cells and a 293 cell model of Twist overexpression. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:1058-1066. [PMID: 29399166 PMCID: PMC5772891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) severely limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Previous studies have identified Twist as a key factor of acquired MDR in breast, gastric and prostate cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of Twist in MDR remain unclear. In the present study, the expression levels of MDR-associated proteins, including lung resistance-related protein (LRP), topoisomerase IIα (TOPO IIα), MDR-associated protein (MRP) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and the expression of Twist in cancerous tissues and pericancerous tissues of human breast cancer, were examined. In order to simulate Taxol® resistance in cells, a Taxol®-resistant human mammary adenocarcinoma cell subline (MCF-7/Taxol®) was established by repeatedly exposing MCF-7 cells to high concentrations of Taxol® (up to 15 µg/ml). Twist was also overexpressed in 293 cells by transfecting this cell line with pcDNA5/FRT/TO vector containing full-length hTwist cDNA to explore the dynamic association between Twist and MDR gene-associated proteins. It was identified that the expression levels of Twist, TOPO IIα, MRP and P-gp were upregulated and LRP was downregulated in human breast cancer tissues, which was consistent with the expression of these proteins in the Taxol®-resistant MCF-7 cell model. Notably, the overexpression of Twist in 293 cells increased the resistance to Taxol®, Trichostatin A and 5-fluorouracil, and also upregulated the expression of MRP and P-gp. Taken together, these data demonstrated that Twist may promote drug resistance in cells and cancer tissues through regulating the expression of MDR gene-associated proteins, which may assist in understanding the mechanisms of action of Twist in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Zhi Tan
- Research Center of Combined Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Zaozhuang Vocational College, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277800, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yin
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhang
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Cui
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao He
- Institute for Cancer Medicine, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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31
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Zhao Z, Rahman MA, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20380-20393. [PMID: 28099910 PMCID: PMC5386770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a well-known regulator of transcription during embryonic organogenesis in many species. In humans, Twist1 malfunction was first linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and later identified to play an essential role in tumor initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignances. In this review, we will first focus on systematically elaborating the diverse pathological functions of Twist1 in various cancers, then delineating the intricate underlying network of molecular mechanisms, based on which we will summarize current therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment that target and modulate Twist1-involved signaling pathways. Most importantly, we will put special emphasis on revealing the independence and interdependency of these multiple biological functions of Twist1, piecing together the whole delicate picture of Twist1's diversified pathological roles in different cancers and providing new perspectives to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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32
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Ying Q, Wu G. Molecular mechanisms involved in podocyte EMT and concomitant diabetic kidney diseases: an update. Ren Fail 2017; 39:474-483. [PMID: 28413908 PMCID: PMC6014344 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a tightly regulated process by which epithelial cells lose their hallmark epithelial characteristics and gain the features of mesenchymal cells. For podocytes, expression of nephrin, podocin, P-cadherin, and ZO-1 is downregulated, the slit diaphragm (SD) will be altered, and the actin cytoskeleton will be rearranged. Diabetes, especially hyperglycemia, has been demonstrated to incite podocyte EMT through several molecular mechanisms such as TGF-β/Smad classic pathway, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, Integrins/integrin-linked kinase (ILK) signaling pathway, MAPKs signaling pathway, Jagged/Notch signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway. As one of the most fundamental prerequisites to develop ground-breaking therapeutic options to prevent the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of podocyte EMT is compulsory. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to update the research progress of these underlying signaling pathways and expound the podocyte EMT-related DKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Ying
- a Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Guanzhong Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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33
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Wu YH, Huang YF, Chang TH, Chou CY. Activation of TWIST1 by COL11A1 promotes chemoresistance and inhibits apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by modulating NF-κB-mediated IKKβ expression. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2305-2317. [PMID: 28815582 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) promotes ovarian cancer progression and is associated with chemoresistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. Here, we demonstrate how COL11A1 regulates twist family basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1-related protein 1 (TWIST1) to induce chemoresistance and inhibit apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Small interfering RNA-mediated reduction in COL11A1 protein levels increased the chemosensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel via downregulated TWIST1 expression. TWIST1 messenger RNA levels positively associated with COL11A1 messenger RNA expression levels in ovarian tumors. High TWIST1 expression levels were significantly associated with a progression-free interval of ≤ 6 months (p = 0.001) and death (p = 0.040). In addition, patients with high TWIST1 mRNA levels had significantly shorter 5-year overall-survival (p = 0.004) and progression-free survival (p = 0.009) rates, compared to patients with low TWIST1 levels. Increased TWIST1 expression caused by COL11A1-induced transcription of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ) gene occurred via increased SP1 phosphorylation and binding to the IKKβ promoter. COL11A1-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B activation, via transcriptional activation of IKKβ, promoted TWIST1, Mcl-1, and GAS6 expression, which were associated with chemoresistance and anti-apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. We suggest that IKKβ and TWIST1 can potentially be targeted in patients with COL11A1-positive ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Chou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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34
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Yochum ZA, Cades J, Mazzacurati L, Neumann NM, Khetarpal SK, Chatterjee S, Wang H, Attar MA, Huang EHB, Chatley SN, Nugent K, Somasundaram A, Engh JA, Ewald AJ, Cho YJ, Rudin CM, Tran PT, Burns TF. A First-in-Class TWIST1 Inhibitor with Activity in Oncogene-Driven Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1764-1776. [PMID: 28851812 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
TWIST1, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, is critical for oncogene-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumorigenesis. Given the potential of TWIST1 as a therapeutic target, a chemical-bioinformatic approach using connectivity mapping (CMAP) analysis was used to identify TWIST1 inhibitors. Characterization of the top ranked candidates from the unbiased screen revealed that harmine, a harmala alkaloid, inhibited multiple TWIST1 functions, including single-cell dissemination, suppression of normal branching in 3D epithelial culture, and proliferation of oncogene driver-defined NSCLC cells. Harmine treatment phenocopied genetic loss of TWIST1 by inducing oncogene-induced senescence or apoptosis. Mechanistic investigation revealed that harmine targeted the TWIST1 pathway through its promotion of TWIST1 protein degradation. As dimerization is critical for TWIST1 function and stability, the effect of harmine on specific TWIST1 dimers was examined. TWIST1 and its dimer partners, the E2A proteins, which were found to be required for TWIST1-mediated functions, regulated the stability of the other heterodimeric partner posttranslationally. Harmine preferentially promoted degradation of the TWIST1-E2A heterodimer compared with the TWIST-TWIST1 homodimer, and targeting the TWIST1-E2A heterodimer was required for harmine cytotoxicity. Finally, harmine had activity in both transgenic and patient-derived xenograft mouse models of KRAS-mutant NSCLC. These studies identified harmine as a first-in-class TWIST1 inhibitor with marked anti-tumor activity in oncogene-driven NSCLC including EGFR mutant, KRAS mutant and MET altered NSCLC.Implications: TWIST1 is required for oncogene-driven NSCLC tumorigenesis and EMT; thus, harmine and its analogues/derivatives represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat oncogene-driven NSCLC as well as other solid tumor malignancies. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1764-76. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Yochum
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Cades
- Department of Pharmacology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lucia Mazzacurati
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil M Neumann
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susheel K Khetarpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Suman Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Myriam A Attar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric H-B Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah N Chatley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katriana Nugent
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashwin Somasundaram
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnathan A Engh
- Department of Neurological Surgery University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yoon-Jae Cho
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy F Burns
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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35
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Li M, Guan H. Noncoding RNAs Regulating NF-κB Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 927:317-36. [PMID: 27376741 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1498-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As transcription factors that regulate expression of a variety of genes essential for diverse physiological and pathological processes, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family molecules play important roles in the development and progression of malignant tumor, and constitutive activation of NF-κB has been evidenced in various types of tumor tissues. Underlying its pathologic role, deregulated expression and/or transactivating activity of NF-κB usually involves multiple layers of molecular mechanisms. Noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are known to modulate expression and biological functions of regulatory proteins in a variety of cancer contexts. In this chapter, the regulatory role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in NF-κB signaling in malignant diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfeng Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, China
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36
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Twist1/Dnmt3a and miR186 establish a regulatory circuit that controls inflammation-associated prostate cancer progression. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e315. [PMID: 28394356 PMCID: PMC5520493 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences suggest that inflammatory microenvironment has a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) progression; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we used the inflammation-associated prostate cellular transformation model to screen out a crucial microRNA, miR186, which was significantly downregulated in the transformed cells and effectively rescued the transformed phenotype. On stimulation of inflammatory cytokines, the activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 was able to induce miR186 expression through binding to its promoter in non-transformed cells, whereas this pathway was lost in transformed cells. Interestingly, Twist1, which is a reported downstream target of miR186, was responsible for the loss of NF-κB/p65-miR186 pathway. Twist1 downregulated miR186 expression in a novel negative feedback loop binding to the E-box and simultaneously recruiting Dnmt3a, which facilitated the site-specific CpG methylation of the miR186 promoter, thereby blocked the transcriptional activity of NF-κB/p65 and the responsiveness of miR186 to inflammatory signals. The high level of Twist1 triggered this feedback loop that underlies the epigenetic switch, which was essential for maintaining transformed and advanced PCa state. Finally, our clinical data confirmed that the CpG methylation and miR186 expression levels were closely related with inflammation-associated human PCa progression.
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37
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Tang D, Tao D, Fang Y, Deng C, Xu Q, Zhou J. TNF-Alpha Promotes Invasion and Metastasis via NF-Kappa B Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:141-149. [PMID: 28386055 PMCID: PMC5391804 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.903910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence reveals that the inflammatory microenvironment is associated with tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) play a vital role in regulation of the inflammatory process in tumor development. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the key transcription factors which regulate processes in tumor promotion. The aim of this study was to explore the role of NF-κB on the invasion and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material/Methods The IKKβ and p65 mRNA and protein levels were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and western blot. Wound scratch healing assays and transwell migration assays were used to evaluate the effect of TNF-α and BAY11-7082 on the migration of the OSCC cell lines (HN4, HN6, and CAL27). Results We observed a significant increase of the expression level of IKKβ and p65 in OSCC cells from the experimental group at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after TNF-α stimulation. Invasion and metastasis of OSCC cells was obviously improved after the TNF-α stimulation. Invasion and metastasis ability of OSCC cells was inhibited in the suppression group, and no significant changes were observed in expression level of IKKβ and p65 after the use of BAY11-7082. Conclusions Our results suggest that TNF-α enhances the invasion and metastasis ability of OSCC cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofang Tang
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Detao Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Fang
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Xu
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Jingping Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China (mainland)
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Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Takeuchi A, Kashiwagi E, Dejima T, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Uchiumi T, Eto M. Protein kinase C regulates Twist1 expression via NF-κB in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:171-180. [PMID: 28223364 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The progression of prostate cancer to metastatic and castration-resistant disease represents a critical step. We previously showed that protein kinase C (PKC) activation followed by Twist1 and androgen receptor (AR) induction played a critical role in castration resistance, but the precise molecular mechanism remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the relevant molecular mechanism, focusing on NF-κB transcription factor. We examined the activity of NF-κB after PKC inhibition, and the expression of Twist1 and AR after inhibition of NF-κB in human prostate cancer cells. We also investigated the status of PKC/NF-κB after inhibition of AR signaling in cells resistant to hormonal therapy. As a result, inhibition of PKC signaling using knockdown and small-molecule inhibition of PKC suppressed RelA activity, while blocking NF-κB suppressed Twist1 and AR expression. Conversely, inhibition of AR signaling by androgen depletion and the novel antiandrogen enzalutamide induced PKC and RelA activation, resulting in Twist1/AR induction at the transcript level. Moreover, inhibition of NF-κB signaling prevented enzalutamide-induced Twist1 and AR induction. Finally, NF-κB was activated in both castration-resistant and enzalutamide-resistant cells. In conclusion, NF-κB signaling was responsible for Twist1 upregulation by PKC in response to AR inhibition, resulting in aberrant activation of AR. NF-κB signaling thus appears to play a critical role in promoting both castration resistance and enzalutamide resistance in PKC/Twist1 signaling in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Kashiwagi
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Dejima
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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39
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Pires BRB, Mencalha AL, Ferreira GM, de Souza WF, Morgado-Díaz JA, Maia AM, Corrêa S, Abdelhay ESFW. NF-kappaB Is Involved in the Regulation of EMT Genes in Breast Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169622. [PMID: 28107418 PMCID: PMC5249109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastatic process in breast cancer is related to the expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors (EMT-TFs) SNAIL, SLUG, SIP1 and TWIST1. EMT-TFs and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation have been associated with aggressiveness and metastatic potential in carcinomas. Here, we sought to examine the role of NF-κB in the aggressive properties and regulation of EMT-TFs in human breast cancer cells. Blocking NF-κB/p65 activity by reducing its transcript and protein levels (through siRNA-strategy and dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin [DHMEQ] treatment) in the aggressive MDA-MB-231 and HCC-1954 cell lines resulted in decreased invasiveness and migration, a downregulation of SLUG, SIP1, TWIST1, MMP11 and N-cadherin transcripts and an upregulation of E-cadherin transcripts. No significant changes were observed in the less aggressive cell line MCF-7. Bioinformatics tools identified several NF-κB binding sites along the promoters of SNAIL, SLUG, SIP1 and TWIST1 genes. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays, the NF-κB/p65 binding on TWIST1, SLUG and SIP1 promoter regions was confirmed. Thus, we suggest that NF-κB directly regulates the transcription of EMT-TF genes in breast cancer. Our findings may contribute to a greater understanding of the metastatic process of this neoplasia and highlight NF-κB as a potential target for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R. B. Pires
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Andre L. Mencalha
- Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerson M. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Waldemir F. de Souza
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José A. Morgado-Díaz
- Grupo de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda M. Maia
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephany Corrêa
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliana S. F. W. Abdelhay
- Laboratório de Célula-Tronco, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia para o Controle do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Wu SM, Lin SL, Lee KY, Chuang HC, Feng PH, Cheng WL, Liao CJ, Chi HC, Lin YH, Tsai CY, Chen WJ, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Hepatoma cell functions modulated by NEK2 are associated with liver cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1581-1596. [PMID: 27925179 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NEK2 (NIMA-related expressed kinase 2) is a serine/threonine centrosomal kinase that acts as a critical regulator of centrosome structure and function. Aberrant NEK2 activities lead to failure in regulating centrosome duplication. NEK2 overexpression promotes tumorigenesis and is associated with poor prognosis in several cancers. Increased NEK2 expression during the late pathological stage has been detected in the Oncomine liver dataset and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens. Elevated NEK2 protein is associated with poor overall survival in patients with HCC. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of NEK2 in liver cancer progression remain largely unknown. An earlier functional study revealed that NEK2 mediates drug resistance (cisplatin or lipo-doxorubicin) via expression of an ABCC10 transporter. Active angiogenesis and metastasis underlie the rapid recurrence and poor survival of HCC. Results from the current study showed that NEK2 mediates tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. NEK2-mediated drug resistance was blocked by a specific PI3K or AKT inhibitor. Moreover, NEK2 mediated liver cancer cell migration via pAKT/NF-κB signaling and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. Angiogenesis was induced via the same signaling pathway and IL-8 stimulation. Our findings collectively indicate that NEK2 modulates hepatoma cell functions, including growth, drug resistance, metastasis and angiogenesis via downstream genes activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Syuan-Ling Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Li Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Liao
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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41
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Pal D, Pertot A, Shirole NH, Yao Z, Anaparthy N, Garvin T, Cox H, Chang K, Rollins F, Kendall J, Edwards L, Singh VA, Stone GC, Schatz MC, Hicks J, Hannon GJ, Sordella R. TGF-β reduces DNA ds-break repair mechanisms to heighten genetic diversity and adaptability of CD44+/CD24- cancer cells. eLife 2017; 6:e21615. [PMID: 28092266 PMCID: PMC5345931 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many lines of evidence have indicated that both genetic and non-genetic determinants can contribute to intra-tumor heterogeneity and influence cancer outcomes. Among the best described sub-population of cancer cells generated by non-genetic mechanisms are cells characterized by a CD44+/CD24- cell surface marker profile. Here, we report that human CD44+/CD24- cancer cells are genetically highly unstable because of intrinsic defects in their DNA-repair capabilities. In fact, in CD44+/CD24- cells, constitutive activation of the TGF-beta axis was both necessary and sufficient to reduce the expression of genes that are crucial in coordinating DNA damage repair mechanisms. Consequently, we observed that cancer cells that reside in a CD44+/CD24- state are characterized by increased accumulation of DNA copy number alterations, greater genetic diversity and improved adaptability to drug treatment. Together, these data suggest that the transition into a CD44+/CD24- cell state can promote intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, spur tumor evolution and increase tumor fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Pal
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Anja Pertot
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Nitin H Shirole
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Zhan Yao
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Naishitha Anaparthy
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Tyler Garvin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Hilary Cox
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Kenneth Chang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Fred Rollins
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Jude Kendall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - Leyla Edwards
- Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health, Huntington, United States
| | - Vijay A Singh
- Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health, Huntington, United States
| | - Gary C Stone
- Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health, Huntington, United States
| | - Michael C Schatz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
| | - James Hicks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Cancer Research UK – Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Sordella
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, United States
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42
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Liu X, Feng M, Zheng G, Gu Y, Wang C, He Z. TCRP1 expression is associated with platinum sensitivity in human lung and ovarian cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1398-1405. [PMID: 28454268 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs, including cisplatin (DDP) and oxaliplatin (L-OHP), are among the most potent chemotherapy drugs, and are widely utilized for the treatment of human lung and ovarian cancer. However, certain patients do not respond to platinum-based agents, and even those who initially benefit from the treatment will eventually exhibit resistance to these drugs. Although certain factors have been investigated for their potential to predict platinum resistance, more effective predictors for the improved management of patients with lung and ovarian cancer are required. Tongue cancer resistance-associated protein 1 (TCRP1) is a newly identified gene, which was cloned from a multi-drug resistant cell line of tongue cancer. Previous data has shown that TCRP1 is able to mediate DDP resistance in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. However, the contribution of TCRP1 to the resistance of platinum agents in human lung and ovarian cancer cells remains to be elucidated. Our previous study showed that TCRP1 expression levels in samples of lung and ovarian cancer were significantly increased compared with normal controls. In the present study, it was demonstrated that TCRP1 contributed to the resistance to DDP and L-OHP in human lung and ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of TCRP1 resensitized the cells to the platinum-based agents. The present study identified a positive correlation between TCRP1 expression and primary resistance to DDP and L-OHP in lung cancer cells. In addition, it was observed that cells treated with nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 displayed increased sensitivity to DDP and L-OHP. The results of the present study suggested that TCRP1 may be associated with resistance to DDP and L-OHP in lung and ovarian cancer cells, and the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway may be involved in the functioning of TCRP1. These findings identify TCRP1 as a potential predictor of platinum resistance in the treatment of lung and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China.,Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Gene Sequencing of Pathogens, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guandong 518038, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Feng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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43
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Pei H, Li Y, Liu M, Chen Y. Targeting Twist expression with small molecules. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:268-275. [PMID: 30108743 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00561f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Twist, as one of the important embryonic transcription factors, regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration in embryo formation and cancer development. Both Twist-1 and Twist-2 are rarely detectable in healthy adult tissues, but are frequently overexpressed in multiple kinds of human cancer tissues, such as breast, prostate, uterus, liver, melanoma, etc. Twist is considered as a crucial EMT inductor and correlated with carcinoma aggression, invasion and metastasis. In the past decades, in-depth investigation has been reported in terms of the role of Twist in cancers; in addition, several kinds of small molecules have played important roles in studying the effect of Twist on cancer development, suggesting that Twist can be regarded as one of the important potential targets for cancer treatment. Hence we provide a brief overview of Twist and several small molecules targeting its expression, highlighting the biological features that make it a charming target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Yunqi Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
| | - Yihua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology , The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences , East China Normal University , Shanghai , 200241 , China . ; ; Tel: +86 21 2420 6647
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44
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Lee JY, Kong G. Roles and epigenetic regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and its transcription factors in cancer initiation and progression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4643-4660. [PMID: 27460000 PMCID: PMC11108467 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial developmental process by which epithelial cells undergo a mesenchymal phenotypic change. During EMT, epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in the regulation of EMT-related genes. The epigenetic gene silencing of the epithelial marker E-cadherin has been well characterized. In particular, three major transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin, Snail, ZEB, and Twist families, also known as EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), play a crucial role in this process by cooperating with multiple epigenetic modifiers. Furthermore, recent studies have identified the novel epigenetic modifiers that control the expression of EMT-TFs, and these modifiers have emerged as critical regulators of cancer development and as novel therapeutic targets for human cancer. In this review, the diverse functions of EMT-TFs in cancer progression, the cooperative mechanisms of EMT-TFs with epigenetic modifiers, and epigenetic regulatory roles for the expression of EMT-TFs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research (IBBR), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu Kong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Bozok Cetintas V, Acikgoz E, Yigitturk G, Demir K, Oktem G, Tezcanli Kaymaz B, Oltulu F, Aktug H. Effects of flavopiridol on critical regulation pathways of CD133high/CD44high lung cancer stem cells. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5150. [PMID: 27787370 PMCID: PMC5089099 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavopiridol a semisynthetic flavone that inhibits cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and has growth-inhibitory activity and induces a blockade of cell-cycle progression at G1-phase and apoptosis in numerous human tumor cell lines and is currently under investigation in phase II clinical trials. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of subpopulation of cells in tumors that have been proposed to be responsible for recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of flavopiridol in cancer stem cell cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in CSCs. METHODS The cells were treated with flavopiridol to determine the inhibitory effect. Cell viability and proliferation were determined by using the WST-1 assay. Caspase activity and immunofluorescence analyses were performed for the evaluation of apoptosis, cell cytoskeleton, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. The effects of flavopiridol on the cell cycle were also evaluated. Flow cytometric analysis was used to detect the percentages of CSCs subpopulation. We analyzed the gene expression patterns to predict cell cycle and cell cytoskeleton in CSCs by RT-PCR. RESULTS Flavopiridol-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis at the IC50 dose, resulting in a significant increase expression of caspases activity. Cell cycle analyses revealed that flavopiridol induces G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Flavopiridol significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of the genes that regulate the cell cytoskeleton and cell cycle components and cell motility in CSCs. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Flavopiridol has activity against lung CSCs and may be effective chemotherapeutic molecule for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Van
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: Eda Acikgoz, Yuzuncu Yil University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey (e-mail: )
| | - Gurkan Yigitturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kenan Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Fatih Oltulu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aktug
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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46
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Huang CY, Hsieh NT, Li CI, Weng YT, Liu HS, Lee MF. MED28 Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through NFκB in Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1337-1345. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yin Huang
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Nien-Tsu Hsieh
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-I Li
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Fen Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; Chang Jung Christian University; Tainan Taiwan, R.O.C
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Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Przybyla T, Wesserling M, Bielarczyk H, Maciejewska I, Pawelczyk T. Suppression of TWIST1 enhances the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:268-278. [PMID: 27458056 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with colorectal cancer, however the main obstacle affecting its effectiveness is a drug resistance. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of TWIST1 silencing on the sensitivity of cancer cells to 5FU. The suppression of TWIST1 expression in human colon cancer HT29 and HCT116 cell lines was achieved by transduction with lentiviral vector carrying the TWIST1 silencing sequence (pLL3.7-shTWIST1). The suppression of TWIST1 expression induced changes in the expression pattern of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers, reduced the cells proliferation rate, increased their sensitivity to serum withdrawn, and increased the cytotoxic effect of 5FU. However, significantly higher 5FU cytotoxicity was observed in HT29 cell cultures. Cells with silenced TWIST1 displayed altered expression of enzymes metabolizing 5FU. The expression level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and thymidylate synthase decreased significantly in HT29 shTWIST1 cells, but not in HCT116 shTWIST1 cells. On the other hand, significant increases in the expression levels of thymidine phosphorylase, and uridine phosphorylase 1 were seen in both cell lines with suppressed expression of TWIST1. The changes in enzymes expression were mirrored by enzymatic activities. In conclusion, our observations point to TWIST1 as a target protein to enhance the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5FU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Przybyla
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Martyna Wesserling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hanna Bielarczyk
- Departemnt of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Izabela Maciejewska
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Pawelczyk
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland.
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Garufi A, Trisciuoglio D, Cirone M, D'Orazi G. ZnCl2 sustains the adriamycin-induced cell death inhibited by high glucose. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2280. [PMID: 27362798 PMCID: PMC5108333 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, the condition of high blood glucose, is typical of diabetes and obesity and represents a significant clinical problem. The relationship between hyperglycemia and cancer risk has been established by several studies. Moreover, hyperglycemia has been shown to reduce cancer cell response to therapies, conferring resistance to drug-induced cell death. Therefore, counteracting the negative effects of hyperglycemia may positively improve the cancer cell death induced by chemotherapies. Recent studies showed that zinc supplementation may have beneficial effects on glycemic control. Here we aimed at evaluating whether ZnCl2 could counteract the high-glucose (HG) effects and consequently restore the drug-induced cancer cell death. At the molecular level we found that the HG-induced expression of genes known to be involved in chemoresistance (such as HIF-1α, GLUT1, and HK2 glycolytic genes, as well as NF-κB activity) was reduced by ZnCl2 treatment. In agreement, the adryamicin (ADR)-induced apoptotic cancer cell death was significantly impaired by HG and efficiently re-established by ZnCl2 cotreatment. Mechanistically, the ADR-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) phosphorylation, inhibited by HG, was efficiently restored by ZnCl2. The JNK involvement in apoptotic cell death was assessed by the use of JNK dominant-negative expression vector that indeed impaired the ZnCl2 ability to restore drug-induced cell death in HG condition. Altogether, these findings indicate that ZnCl2 supplementation efficiently restored the drug-induced cancer cell death, inhibited by HG, by both sustaining JNK activation and counteracting the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garufi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
| | - D Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - M Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti Institute, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Orazi
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Tumor Biology Section, University 'G. d'Annunzio', Chieti, Italy
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Krossa S, Schmitt AD, Hattermann K, Fritsch J, Scheidig AJ, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J. Down regulation of Akirin-2 increases chemosensitivity in human glioblastomas more efficiently than Twist-1. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21029-45. [PMID: 26036627 PMCID: PMC4673248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Twist-1 transcription factor and its interacting protein Akirin-2 regulate apoptosis. We found that in glioblastomas, highly malignant brain tumors, Akirin-2 and Twist-1 were expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive tumor regions as well as in tumor endothelial cells and infiltrating macrophages / microglia. Temozolomide (TMZ) induced the expression of both molecules, partly shifting their nuclear to cytosolic localization. The knock-down (kd) of Akirin-2 increased the activity of cleaved (c)Caspase-3/-7, the amounts of cCaspases-3, -7 and cPARP-1 and resulted in an increased number of apoptotic cells after TMZ exposure. Glioblastoma cells containing decreased amounts of Akirin-2 after kd contained increased amounts of cCaspase-3 as determined by the ImageStreamx Mark II technology. For Twist-1, similar results were obtained with the exception that the combination of TMZ treatment and Twist-1 kd failed to significantly reduce chemoresistance compared with controls. This could be attributed to a cell population containing only slightly increased cCaspase-3 together with decreased Twist-1 levels, which was clearly larger than the respective population observed under Akirin-2 kd. Our results showed that, compared with Twist-1, Akirin-2 is the more promising target for RNAi strategies antagonizing Twist-1/Akirin-2 facilitated glioblastoma cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krossa
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Dorothée Schmitt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel J Scheidig
- Institute of Zoology, Department of Structural Biology, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Rinkenbaugh AL, Baldwin AS. The NF-κB Pathway and Cancer Stem Cells. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020016. [PMID: 27058560 PMCID: PMC4931665 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is a crucial regulator of inflammation and immune responses. Additionally, aberrant NF-κB signaling has been identified in many types of cancer. Downstream of key oncogenic pathways, such as RAS, BCR-ABL, and Her2, NF-κB regulates transcription of target genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and mediate invasion and metastasis. The cancer stem cell model posits that a subset of tumor cells (cancer stem cells) drive tumor initiation, exhibit resistance to treatment, and promote recurrence and metastasis. This review examines the evidence for a role for NF-κB signaling in cancer stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rinkenbaugh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Albert S Baldwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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