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Benkhoucha M, Tran NL, Breville G, Senoner I, Bradfield PF, Papayannopoulou T, Merkler D, Korn T, Lalive PH. CD4 +c-Met +Itgα4 + T cell subset promotes murine neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:103. [PMID: 35488271 PMCID: PMC9052663 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective c-Met, a tyrosine kinase receptor, is the unique receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). The HGF/c-Met axis is reported to modulate cell migration, maturation, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. Here, we report that CD4+c-Met+ T cells are detected at increased levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods c-Met expression by CD4+ T cells was analyzed mostly by flow cytometry and by immunohistochemistry from mice and human PBMCs. The in vivo role of CD4+c-Met+ T cells was assessed in EAE. Results CD4+c-Met+ T cells found in the CNS during EAE peak disease are characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype skewed towards a Th1 and Th17 polarization, with enhanced adhesion and transmigration capacities correlating with increased expression of integrin α4 (Itgα4). The adoptive transfer of Itgα4-expressing CD4+Vα3.2+c-Met+ T cells induces increased disease severity compared to CD4+Vα3.2+c-Met− T cells. Finally, CD4+c-Met+ T cells are detected in the brain of MS patients, as well as in the blood with a higher level of Itgα4. These results highlight c-Met as an immune marker of highly pathogenic pro-inflammatory and pro-migratory CD4+ T lymphocytes associated with neuroinflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02461-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdia Benkhoucha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ngoc Lan Tran
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gautier Breville
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isis Senoner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul F Bradfield
- MesenFlow Technologies SARL, Chemin des Aulx 14, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Doron Merkler
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrice H Lalive
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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2
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Kim M, Reinhard C, Niehrs C. A MET-PTPRK kinase-phosphatase rheostat controls ZNRF3 and Wnt signaling. eLife 2021; 10:70885. [PMID: 34590584 PMCID: PMC8516413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Wnt receptors for ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. Previously, we showed that dephosphorylation of an endocytic tyrosine motif (4Y motif) in ZNRF3 by protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK) promotes ZNRF3 internalization and Wnt receptor degradation (Chang et al 2020). However, a responsible protein tyrosine kinase(s) (PTK) phosphorylating the 4Y motif remained elusive. Here we identify the proto-oncogene MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) as a 4Y kinase. MET binds to ZNRF3 and induces 4Y phosphorylation, stimulated by the MET ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor). HGF-MET signaling reduces ZNRF3-dependent Wnt receptor degradation thereby enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, depletion or pharmacological inhibition of MET promotes the internalization of ZNRF3 and Wnt receptor degradation. We conclude that HGF-MET signaling phosphorylates- and PTPRK dephosphorylates ZNRF3 to regulate ZNRF3 internalization, functioning as a rheostat for Wnt signaling that may offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reinhard
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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3
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Li L, An JN, Lee J, Shin DJ, Zhu SM, Kim JH, Kim DK, Ryu DR, Kim S, Lee JP. Hepatocyte growth factor and soluble cMet levels in plasma are prognostic biomarkers of mortality in patients with severe acute kidney injury. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:596-610. [PMID: 34510856 PMCID: PMC8685369 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet pathway is necessary for repair and regeneration following acute kidney injury (AKI). We evaluated the clinical potential of plasma HGF and soluble cMet as prognostic biomarkers for severe AKI requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods One hundred thirty-six patients with severe AKI who participated in the VENUS (volume management under body composition monitoring in critically ill patients on CRRT) trial between 2017 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. We investigated associations between plasma HGF and cMet concentrations and all-cause mortality. Results Plasma HGF and soluble cMet levels were positively correlated. Patients were divided into three groups based on their HGF and soluble cMet concentrations. The day D 0, D2, and D7 highest concentration HGF groups had significantly higher in-hospital mortality after adjusting for sex, body mass index, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, and age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score, especially on D7 (hazard ratio, 4.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–10.62; p = 0.002). D7 soluble cMet level was also associated with mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that D7 HGF and soluble cMet levels were best at predicting mortality. Addition of plasma HGF and soluble cMet to conventional prognostic indices significantly improved the predictive value for mortality on D7. However, plasma HGF and soluble cMet were not associated with fluid status. Conclusion Plasma HGF and soluble cMet levels were significant predictors of the outcomes of severe AKI patients undergoing CRRT. There was no correlation between plasma HGF and soluble cMet levels and fluid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Shin
- Preliminary Medicine Courses, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi Mao Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kärki T, Rajakylä EK, Acheva A, Tojkander S. TRPV6 calcium channel directs homeostasis of the mammary epithelial sheets and controls epithelial mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14683. [PMID: 32895467 PMCID: PMC7477193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial integrity is lost upon cancer progression as cancer cells detach from the primary tumor site and start to invade to the surrounding tissues. Invasive cancers of epithelial origin often express altered levels of TRP-family cation channels. Upregulation of TRPV6 Ca2+-channel has been associated with a number of human malignancies and its high expression in breast cancer has been linked to both proliferation and invasive disease. The mechanisms behind the potential of TRPV6 to induce invasive progression have, however, not been well elucidated. Here we show that TRPV6 is connected to both E-cadherin-based adherens junctions and intracellular cytoskeletal structures. Loss of TRPV6 from normal mammary epithelial cells led to disruption of epithelial integrity and abnormal 3D-mammo sphere morphology. Furthermore, expression level of TRPV6 was tightly linked to the levels of common EMT markers, suggesting that TRPV6 may have a role in the mesenchymal invasion of breast cancer cells. Thus, either too low or too high TRPV6 levels compromise homeostasis of the mammary epithelial sheets and may promote the progression of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Kärki
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Acheva
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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5
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An JN, Li L, Lee J, Yu SS, Kim JH, Lee J, Kim YC, Kim DK, Oh YK, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim S, Yang SH, Lee JP. Urinary cMet as a prognostic marker in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11158-11169. [PMID: 32822114 PMCID: PMC7576300 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prediction of prognosis in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is challenging. We investigated the correlation between urinary cMet (ucMet) levels and clinical parameters and examined the effects of cMet agonistic antibody (cMet Ab) in an in vitro IgAN model. Patients diagnosed with IgAN (n = 194) were divided into three groups representing undetectable (Group 1), below‐median (Group 2) and above‐median (Group 3) levels of ucMet/creatinine (ucMet/Cr). Stained kidney biopsy samples were graded according to cMet intensity. Primary‐cultured human mesangial cells were stimulated with recombinant tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and treated with cMet Ab. Our results showed that ucMet/Cr levels positively correlated with proteinuria (P < .001). During the follow‐up, patients in Group 3 showed a significantly lower probability of complete remission (CR; uPCr < 300 mg/g) than those in groups 1 and 2, after adjusting for blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and proteinuria, which influence clinical prognosis (HR 0.60, P = .038); moreover, ucMet/Cr levels were also associated with glomerular cMet expression. After TNF‐α treatment, the proliferation of mesangial cells and increased interleukin‐8 and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 expression were markedly reduced by cMet Ab in vitro. In conclusion, ucMet/Cr levels significantly correlated with proteinuria, glomerular cMet expression, and the probability of CR. Further, cMet Ab treatment alleviated the inflammation and proliferation of mesangial cells. Hence, ucMet could serve as a clinically significant marker for treating IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Lilin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Junghun Lee
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Shin Yu
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Seoul National University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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6
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An JN, Li L, Lee J, Yu SS, Lee J, Kim YC, Kim DK, Oh YK, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim S, Yang SH, Lee JP. cMet agonistic antibody attenuates apoptosis in ischaemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5640-5651. [PMID: 32239661 PMCID: PMC7214182 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a very common complication with high morbidity and mortality rates and no fundamental treatment. In this study, we investigated whether the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet pathway is associated with the development of AKI and how the administration of a cMet agonistic antibody (Ab) affects an AKI model. In the analysis using human blood samples, cMet and HGF levels were found to be significantly increased in the AKI group, regardless of underlying renal function. The administration of a cMet agonistic Ab improved the functional and histological changes after bilateral ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. TUNEL‐positive cells and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio were also reduced by cMet agonistic Ab treatment. In addition, cMet agonistic Ab treatment significantly increased the levels of PI3K, Akt and mTOR. Furthermore, after 24 hours of hypoxia induction in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, treatment with the cMet agonistic Ab also showed dose‐dependent antiapoptotic effects similar to those of the recombinant HGF treatment. Even when the HGF axis was blocked with a HGF‐blocking Ab, the cMet agonistic Ab showed an independent dose‐dependent antiapoptotic effect. In conclusion, cMet expression is associated with the occurrence of AKI. cMet agonistic Ab treatment attenuates the severity of AKI through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and improves apoptosis. cMet agonistic Ab may have important significance for the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Lilin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Yanbian University Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Junghun Lee
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Shin Yu
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghwan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Kyu Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- R&D Center for Innovative Medicines, Helixmith Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Du Y, Khandekar G, Llewellyn J, Polacheck W, Chen CS, Wells RG. A Bile Duct-on-a-Chip With Organ-Level Functions. Hepatology 2020; 71:1350-1363. [PMID: 31465556 PMCID: PMC7048662 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are frequently associated with damage to the barrier function of the biliary epithelium. Here, we report on a bile duct-on-a-chip that phenocopies not only the tubular architecture of the bile duct in three dimensions, but also its barrier functions. APPROACH AND RESULTS We showed that mouse cholangiocytes in the channel of the device became polarized and formed mature tight junctions, that the permeability of the cholangiocyte monolayer was comparable to ex vivo measurements, and that cholangiocytes in the device were mechanosensitive (as demonstrated by changes in calcium flux under applied luminal flow). Permeability decreased significantly when cells formed a compact monolayer with cell densities comparable to those observed in vivo. This device enabled independent access to the apical and basolateral surfaces of the cholangiocyte channel, allowing proof-of-concept toxicity studies with the biliary toxin, biliatresone, and the bile acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid. The cholangiocyte basolateral side was more vulnerable than the apical side to treatment with either agent, suggesting a protective adaptation of the apical surface that is normally exposed to bile. Further studies revealed a protective role of the cholangiocyte apical glycocalyx, wherein disruption of the glycocalyx with neuraminidase increased the permeability of the cholangiocyte monolayer after treatment with glycochenodeoxycholic acid. CONCLUSIONS This bile duct-on-a-chip captured essential features of a simplified bile duct in structure and organ-level functions and represents an in vitro platform to study the pathophysiology of the bile duct using cholangiocytes from a variety of sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Center for Engineering MechanoBiologyThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Gauri Khandekar
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Center for Engineering MechanoBiologyThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Jessica Llewellyn
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Center for Engineering MechanoBiologyThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - William Polacheck
- The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMA,The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA,Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityChapel HillNC
| | - Christopher S. Chen
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA,Tissue Microfabrication LaboratoryDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMA,Center for Engineering MechanoBiologyThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Rebecca G. Wells
- Division of GastroenterologyDepartment of MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Department of BioengineeringSchool of Engineering and Applied SciencesThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicinePerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA,Center for Engineering MechanoBiologyThe University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
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8
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Péré-Védrenne C, He W, Azzi-Martin L, Prouzet-Mauléon V, Buissonnière A, Cardinaud B, Lehours P, Mégraud F, Grosset CF, Ménard A. The Nuclear Remodeling Induced by Helicobacter Cytolethal Distending Toxin Involves MAFB Oncoprotein. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030174. [PMID: 32178359 PMCID: PMC7150770 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterohepatic Helicobacters, such as Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter pullorum, are associated with several intestinal and hepatic diseases. Their main virulence factor is the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). In the present study, whole genome microarray-based identification of differentially expressed genes was performed in vitro in HT-29 intestinal cells while following the ectopic expression of the active CdtB subunit of H. hepaticus CDT. A CdtB-dependent upregulation of the V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog B (MAFB) gene encoding the MAFB oncoprotein was found, as well as the CdtB-dependent regulation of several MAFB target genes. The transduction and coculture experiments confirmed MAFB mRNA and protein induction in response to CDT and its CdtB subunit in intestinal and hepatic cell lines. An analysis of MAFB protein subcellular localization revealed a strong nuclear and perinuclear localization in the CdtB-distended nuclei in intestinal and hepatic cells. MAFB was also detected at the cell periphery of the CdtB-induced lamellipodia in some cells. The silencing of MAFB changed the cellular response to CDT with the formation of narrower lamellipodia, a reduction of the increase in nucleus size, and the formation of less γH2AX foci, the biomarker for DNA double-strand breaks. Taken together, these data show that the CDT of enterohepatic Helicobacters modulates the expression of the MAFB oncoprotein, which is translocated in the nucleus and is associated with the remodeling of the nuclei and actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Péré-Védrenne
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Wencan He
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Lamia Azzi-Martin
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Valérie Prouzet-Mauléon
- Université de Bordeaux, TBMCore, CRISP’edit, TBMcore CNRS-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMS3427/INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale US005, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ACTION, U1218, Institut Bergonié, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Alice Buissonnière
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Bruno Cardinaud
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, ACTION, U1218, Institut Bergonié, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
- Bordeaux INP, ENSTBB, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
- CHU Pellegrin, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
- CHU Pellegrin, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe F. Grosset
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BMGIC—Biotherapy of Genetic Diseases, Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer, U1035, miRCaDe Team, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Armelle Ménard
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, BaRITOn—Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, UMR1053, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (C.P.-V.); (W.H.); (L.A.-M.); (A.B.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
- CHU Pellegrin, National Reference Center for Campylobacters and Helicobacters, 33076 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-5-5757-1288
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9
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Ansari A, Schultheis K, Patel R, Al‐Qadi KI, Chen S, Jensen CR, Schad SR, Weddell JC, Vanka SP, Imoukhuede PI. Cell isolation via spiral microfluidics and the secondary anchor targeted cell release system. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ansari
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kinsey Schultheis
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Reema Patel
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Kareem I. Al‐Qadi
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Si Chen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Cassandra R. Jensen
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Samantha R. Schad
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Jared C. Weddell
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - Surya P. Vanka
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
| | - P. I. Imoukhuede
- Bioengineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Champaign Illinois
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10
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Renoprotective effects of a novel cMet agonistic antibody on kidney fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13495. [PMID: 31530851 PMCID: PMC6749055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, cMet, activate biological pathways necessary for repair and regeneration following kidney injury. Because HGF is a highly unstable molecule in its biologically active form, we asked whether a monoclonal antibody (Ab) that displays full agonist activity at the receptor could protect the kidney from fibrosis. We attempted to determine whether the cMet agonistic Ab might reduce fibrosis, the final common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). A mouse model of kidney fibrosis disease induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction was introduced and subsequently validated with primary cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). In kidney biopsy specimens from patients with CKD, cMet immunohistochemistry staining showed a remarkable increase compared with patients with normal renal functions. cMet Ab treatment significantly increased the levels of phospho-cMet and abrogated the protein expression of fibrosis markers such as fibronectin, collagen 1, and αSMA as well as Bax2, which is a marker of apoptosis triggered by recombinant TGF-β1 in PTECs. Remarkably, injections of cMet Ab significantly prevented kidney fibrosis in obstructed kidneys as quantified by Masson trichrome staining. Consistent with these data, cMet Ab treatment decreased the expression of fibrosis markers, such as collagen1 and αSMA, whereas the expression of E-cadherin, which is a cell-cell adhesion molecule, was restored. In conclusion, cMet-mediated signaling may play a considerable role in kidney fibrosis. Additionally, the cMet agonistic Ab may be a valuable substitute for HGF because it is more easily available in a biologically active, stable, and purified form.
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11
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Chang YK, Hwang JS, Chung TY, Shin YJ. SOX2 Activation Using CRISPR/dCas9 Promotes Wound Healing in Corneal Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1851-1862. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Kyung Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology; Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology; Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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12
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Soluble cMet levels in urine are a significant prognostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12738. [PMID: 30143691 PMCID: PMC6109090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor cMet activate biological pathways necessary for repair and regeneration following kidney injury. Here, we evaluated the clinical role of urinary cMet as a prognostic biomarker in diabetic nephropathy (DN). A total of 218 patients with DN were enrolled in this study. We examined the association of urine cMet levels and long-term outcomes in patients with DN. The levels of urinary cMet were higher in patients with decreased renal function than in patients with relatively preserved renal function (5.25 ± 9.62 ng/ml versus 1.86 ± 4.77 ng/ml, P = 0.001). A fully adjusted model revealed that a urinary cMet cutoff of 2.9 ng/mL was associated with a hazard ratio for end-stage renal disease of 2.33 (95% confidence interval 1.19–4.57, P = 0.014). The addition of urinary cMet to serum creatinine and proteinuria provided the highest net reclassification improvement. We found that in primary cultured human glomerular endothelial cells, TGFβ treatment induced fibrosis, and the protein expression levels of collagen I, collagen IV, fibronectin, and αSMA were decreased after administration of an agonistic cMet antibody. In conclusion, elevated levels of urinary cMet at the time of initial diagnosis could predict renal outcomes in patients with DN.
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13
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Gayrard C, Bernaudin C, Déjardin T, Seiler C, Borghi N. Src- and confinement-dependent FAK activation causes E-cadherin relaxation and β-catenin activity. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1063-1077. [PMID: 29311227 PMCID: PMC5839785 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201706013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a transcription cofactor proposed to be released from E-cadherin upon mechanically induced phosphorylation. However, evidence for this mechanism is lacking. Gayrard et al. show instead that during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Src- and multicellular confinement–dependent FAK-induced cytoskeleton remodeling causes E-cadherin tension relaxation and phosphorylation-independent β-catenin nuclear translocation from the membrane. In epithelia, E-cadherin cytoplasmic tail is under cytoskeleton-generated tension via a link that contains β-catenin. A cotranscription factor, β-catenin, is also active in morphogenetic processes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. β-Catenin signaling appears mechanically inducible and was proposed to follow phosphorylation-induced β-catenin release from E-cadherin. Evidence for this mechanism is lacking, and whether E-cadherin tension is involved is unknown. To test this, we combined quantitative fluorescence microscopies with genetic and pharmacological perturbations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition–induced cells in culture. We showed that β-catenin nuclear activity follows a substantial release from the membrane specific to migrating cells and requires multicellular deconfinement and Src activity. Selective nuclear translocation occurs downstream of focal adhesion kinase activation, which targets E-cadherin tension relaxation through actomyosin remodeling. In contrast, phosphorylations of the cadherin/catenin complex are not substantially required. These data demonstrate that E-cadherin acts as a sensor of intracellular mechanics in a crosstalk with cell-substrate adhesions that target β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Gayrard
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Clément Bernaudin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Théophile Déjardin
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Seiler
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Borghi
- Institut Jacques Monod, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7592, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
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14
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LaValley DJ, Zanotelli MR, Bordeleau F, Wang W, Schwager SC, Reinhart-King CA. Matrix Stiffness Enhances VEGFR-2 Internalization, Signaling, and Proliferation in Endothelial Cells. CONVERGENT SCIENCE PHYSICAL ONCOLOGY 2017. [PMID: 29531793 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1739/aa9263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can mediate endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. During cancer progression, VEGF production is often increased to stimulate the growth of new blood vessels to supply growing tumors with the additional oxygen and nutrients they require. Extracellular matrix stiffening also occurs during tumor progression, however, the crosstalk between tumor mechanics and VEGF signaling remains poorly understood. Here, we show that matrix stiffness heightens downstream endothelial cell response to VEGF by altering VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) internalization, and this effect is influenced by cell confluency. In sub-confluent endothelial monolayers, VEGFR-2 levels, but not VEGFR-2 phosphorylation, are influenced by matrix rigidity. Interestingly, more compliant matrices correlated with increased expression and clustering of VEGFR-2; however, stiffer matrices induced increased VEGFR-2 internalization. These effects are most likely due to actin-mediated contractility, as inhibiting ROCK on stiff substrates increased VEGFR-2 clustering and decreased internalization. Additionally, increasing matrix stiffness elevates ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, resulting in increased cell proliferation. Moreover, cells on stiff matrices generate more actin stress fibers than on compliant substrates, and the addition of VEGF stimulates an increase in fiber formation regardless of stiffness. In contrast, once endothelial cells reached confluency, stiffness-enhanced VEGF signaling was no longer observed. Together, these data show a complex effect of VEGF and matrix mechanics on VEGF-induced signaling, receptor dynamics, and cell proliferation that is mediated by cell confluency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J LaValley
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Matthew R Zanotelli
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Francois Bordeleau
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Samantha C Schwager
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Cynthia A Reinhart-King
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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15
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Abstract
The present review aimed to assess the networks of transcription factors regulating the Oct4 expression in mice. Through a comprehensive analysis of the binding sites and the interrelationships of the transcription factors of Oct4, it is found that transcription factors of Oct4 form three regulating complexes centered by Oct4-Sox2, Nanog, and Lrh1. They bind on CR4, CR2, and CR1 regions of Oct4 promoter/enhancer, respectively, to activate Oct4 transcription synergistically. This article also discusses the mechanisms of fine-tuning the Oct4 expression. These findings have important implications in the field of stem cell and developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai) , Weihai, China
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16
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Hu J, Feng M, Liu ZL, Liu Y, Huang ZL, Li H, Feng WL. Potential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in blastic transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia: cross talk between β-catenin and BCR-ABL. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10.1007/s13277-016-5413-3. [PMID: 27817074 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) results from malignant transformation of hematopoietic stem cells induced by the BCR-ABL oncogene. Transformation from chronic to blastic phase is the lethal step in CML. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the basic reason for blastic transformation. It has been shown that Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to the self-renewal capacity and proliferation of LSCs in CML. However, the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in blastic transformation of CML is still obscure. Here, we explored the relationship between BCR-ABL and β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo. We found that BCR-ABL stimulated β-catenin via activation of PI3K/AKT signaling in blastic phase CML cells. Inhibition of the kinase activity of BCR-ABL, PI3K, or AKT decreased the level of β-catenin in both K562 cells and a CML mouse model and suppressed the transcription of downstream target genes (c-myc and cyclin D1). In addition, inhibition of the BCR-ABL/PI3K/AKT pathway delayed the disease progression in the CML mouse model. To further explore the role of β-catenin in the self-renewal and survival of CML LSCs, we established a secondary transplantation CML mouse model. Our data revealed that inhibition of the BCR-ABL/PI3K/AKT pathway reduced the tumor-initiating ability of K562 cells, decreased leukemia cell infiltration into peripheral blood and bone marrow, and prolonged the survival of mice. In conclusion, our data indicate a close relationship between β-catenin and BCR-ABL/PI3K/AKT in blastic phase CML. β-Catenin inhibition may be of therapeutic value by targeting LSCs in combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which may delay blastic transformation of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang-Ling Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-Li Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Ferenbach DA, Bonventre JV. Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: From the laboratory to the clinic. Nephrol Ther 2016; 12 Suppl 1:S41-8. [PMID: 26972097 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury have traditionally been considered as separate entities with different etiologies. This view has changed in recent years, with chronic kidney disease recognized as a major risk factor for the development of new acute kidney injury, and acute kidney injury now accepted to lead to de novo or accelerated chronic and end stage kidney diseases. Patients with existing chronic kidney disease appear to be less able to mount a complete 'adaptive' repair after acute insults, and instead repair maladaptively, with accelerated fibrosis and rates of renal functional decline. This article reviews the epidemiological studies in man that have demonstrated the links between these two processes. We also examine clinical and experimental research in areas of importance to both acute and chronic disease: acute and chronic renal injury to the vasculature, the pericyte and leukocyte populations, the signaling pathways implicated in injury and repair, and the impact of cellular stress and increased levels of growth arrested and senescent cells. The importance and therapeutic potential raised by these processes for acute and chronic injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ferenbach
- Renal Division and Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division and Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
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18
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Regmi SC, Park SY, Kim SJ, Banskota S, Shah S, Kim DH, Kim JA. The Anti-Tumor Activity of Succinyl Macrolactin A Is Mediated through the β-Catenin Destruction Complex via the Suppression of Tankyrase and PI3K/Akt. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141753. [PMID: 26544726 PMCID: PMC4636297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated gene mutations in cancer suggest that multi-targeted suppression of affected signaling networks is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In the present study, we report that 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A (SMA) suppresses tumor growth by stabilizing the β-catenin destruction complex, which was achieved through inhibition of regulatory components associated with the complex. SMA significantly reduced the activities of PI3K/Akt, which corresponded with a decrease in GSK3β phosphorylation, an increase in β-catenin phosphorylation, and a reduction in nuclear β-catenin content in HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the same time, the activity of tankyrase, which inhibits the β-catenin destruction complex by destabilizing the axin level, was suppressed by SMA. Despite the low potency of SMA against tankyrase activity (IC50 of 50.1 μM and 15.5 μM for tankyrase 1 and 2, respectively) compared to XAV939 (IC50 of 11 nM for tankyrase 1), a selective and potent tankyrase inhibitor, SMA had strong inhibitory effects on β-catenin-dependent TCF/LEF1 transcriptional activity (IC50 of 39.8 nM), which were similar to that of XAV939 (IC50 of 28.1 nM). In addition to suppressing the colony forming ability of colon cancer cells in vitro, SMA significantly inhibited tumor growth in CT26 syngenic and HT29 xenograft mouse tumor models. Furthermore, treating mice with SMA in combination with 5-FU in a colon cancer xenograft model or with cisplatin in an A549 lung cancer xenograft model resulted in greater anti-tumor activity than did treatment with the drugs alone. In the xenograft tumor tissues, SMA dose-dependently inhibited nuclear β-catenin along with reductions in GSK3β phosphorylation and increases in axin levels. These results suggest that SMA is a possible candidate as an effective anti-cancer agent alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs, such as 5-FU and cisplatin, and that the mode of action for SMA involves stabilization of the β-catenin destruction complex through inhibition of tankyrase and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil C Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajita Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Research and Development Center, Daewoo Pharm. Co. Ltd, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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19
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The comparison between dual inhibition of mTOR with MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways in KRAS mutant NSCLC cell lines. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9339-45. [PMID: 26108998 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS mutations are found in 15-25 % of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they lead to constitutive activation of KRAS signaling pathway that results in sustained cell proliferation. Currently, there are no direct anti-KRAS therapies available. Therefore, it is rational to target the downstream molecules of KRAS signaling pathway, which are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (RAF-MEK-ERK) and PI3K pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR). Here, we examined the inhibition of both these pathways alone and in combination and analyzed the anti-proliferative and apoptotic events in KRAS mutant NSCLC cell lines, A549 and Calu-1. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay after the cells were treated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), U0126 (MEK inhibitor), and RAD001 (mTOR inhibitor) for 24 and 48 h. The expression levels of p-ERK, ERK, AKT, p-AKT, p53, cyclinD1, c-myc, p27(kip1), BAX, BIM, and GAPDH were detected by western blot after 6 and 24 h treatment. Although PI3K/mTOR inhibition is more effective in cytotoxicity in A549 and Calu-1 cells, MEK/mTOR inhibition markedly decreases cell proliferation protein marker expressions. Our data show that combined targeting of MEK and PI3K-AKT with mTOR is a better option than single agents alone for KRAS mutant NSCLC, thus opening the possibility of a beneficial treatment strategy in the future.
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20
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Mechanisms of maladaptive repair after AKI leading to accelerated kidney ageing and CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11:264-76. [PMID: 25643664 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2015.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is an increasingly common complication of hospital admission and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality. A hypotensive, septic, or toxic insult can initiate a cascade of events, resulting in impaired microcirculation, activation of inflammatory pathways and tubular cell injury or death. These processes ultimately result in acutely impaired kidney function and initiation of a repair response. This Review explores the various mechanisms responsible for the initiation and propagation of acute kidney injury, the prototypic mechanisms by which a substantially damaged kidney can regenerate its normal architecture, and how the adaptive processes of repair can become maladaptive. These mechanisms, which include G2/M cell-cycle arrest, cell senescence, profibrogenic cytokine production, and activation of pericytes and interstitial myofibroblasts, contribute to the development of progressive fibrotic kidney disease. The end result is a state that mimics accelerated kidney ageing. These mechanisms present important opportunities for the design of targeted therapeutic strategies to promote adaptive renal recovery and minimize progressive fibrosis and chronic kidney disease after acute insults.
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21
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Voskas D, Ling LS, Woodgett JR. Signals controlling un-differentiated states in embryonic stem and cancer cells: role of the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase pathway. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1312-22. [PMID: 24604594 PMCID: PMC4258093 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of embryonic stem (ES) cells to differentiate into cell lineages comprising the three germ layers makes them powerful tools for studying mammalian early embryonic development in vitro. The human body consists of approximately 210 different somatic cell types, the majority of which have limited proliferative capacity. However, both stem cells and cancer cells bypass this replicative barrier and undergo symmetric division indefinitely when cultured under defined conditions. Several signal transduction pathways play important roles in regulating stem cell development, and aberrant expression of components of these pathways is linked to cancer. Among signaling systems, the critical role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) coupled to the Jak/STAT3 (signal transduction and activation of transcription-3) pathway in maintaining stem cell self-renewal has been extensively reviewed. This pathway additionally plays multiple roles in tumorigenesis. Likewise, the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) pathway has been determined to play an important role in both stem cell maintenance and tumor development. This pathway is often induced in cancer with frequent mutational activation of the catalytic subunit of PI3K or loss of a primary PI3K antagonist, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). This review focusses on roles of the PI3K signal transduction pathway components, with emphasis on functions in stem cell maintenance and cancer. Since the PI3K pathway impinges on and collaborates with other signaling pathways in regulating stem cell development and/or cancer, aspects of the canonical Wnt, Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and TGF-β signaling pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Voskas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Koraishy FM, Silva C, Mason S, Wu D, Cantley LG. Hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) stimulates low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (Lrp) 5/6 phosphorylation and promotes canonical Wnt signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:14341-50. [PMID: 24692544 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.563213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While Wnt and Hgf signaling pathways are known to regulate epithelial cell responses during injury and repair, whether they exhibit functional cross-talk is not well defined. Canonical Wnt signaling is initiated by the phosphorylation of the Lrp5/6 co-receptors. In the current study we demonstrate that Hgf stimulates Met and Gsk3-dependent and Wnt-independent phosphorylation of Lrp5/6 at three separate activation motifs in subconfluent, de-differentiated renal epithelial cells. Hgf treatment stimulates the selective association of active Gsk3 with Lrp5/6. In contrast, Akt-phosphorylated inactive Gsk3 is excluded from this association. Hgf stimulates β-catenin stabilization and nuclear accumulation and protects against epithelial cell apoptosis in an Lrp5/6-dependent fashion. In vivo, the increase in Lrp5/6 phosphorylation and β-catenin stabilization in the first 6-24 h after renal ischemic injury was significantly reduced in mice lacking Met receptor in the renal proximal tubule. Our results thus identify Hgf as an important transactivator of canonical Wnt signaling that is mediated by Met-stimulated, Gsk3-dependent Lrp5/6 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Silva
- the Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106
| | - Sherene Mason
- the Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut 06106
| | - Dianqing Wu
- the Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 and
| | - Lloyd G Cantley
- From the Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and
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23
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Ling LS, Voskas D, Woodgett JR. Activation of PDK-1 maintains mouse embryonic stem cell self-renewal in a PKB-dependent manner. Oncogene 2013; 32:5397-408. [PMID: 23455320 PMCID: PMC3898101 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3K) pathway is involved in many cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival and glucose transport, and is implicated in various disease states, such as cancer and diabetes. Although there have been numerous studies dissecting the role of PI3K signaling in different cell types and disease models, the mechanism by which PI3K signaling regulates embryonic stem (ES) cell fate remains unclear. It is believed that in addition to proliferation and tumorigenesis, PI3K activity may also be important for ES cell self-renewal. Paling et al. reported that the inhibition of PI3K led to a reduction in the ability of leukemia inhibitory factor to maintain self-renewal, causing cells to differentiate. Studies in our lab have revealed that ES cells completely lacking glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) remain undifferentiated compared with wild-type ES cells. GSK-3 is negatively regulated by PI3K, suggesting that PI3K may have a vital role in maintaining pluripotency in ES cells through GSK-3. By using a modified Flp recombinase system, we expressed activated alleles of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 and protein kinase B to create stable, isogenic ES cell lines to further study the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in stem cell fate determination. In vitro characterization of the transgenic cell lines revealed a strong tendency toward the maintenance of pluripotency, and this phenotype was found to be independent of canonical Wnt signal transduction. In summary, PI3K signaling is sufficient to maintain the self-renewal and survival of stem cells. As this pathway is frequently mutationally activated in cancers, its effect on suppressing differentiation may contribute to its oncogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Ling
- 1] Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada [2] Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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M-cadherin-inhibited phosphorylation of ß-catenin augments differentiation of mouse myoblasts. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:183-200. [PMID: 23138569 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Catenin is essential for muscle development because it regulates both cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and canonical Wingless and Int1 (Wnt) signaling. The phosphorylation of β-catenin by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) at serine31/37/threonine41 regulates its stability and its role in canonical Wnt signaling. In this study, we have investigated whether the N-terminal phosphorylation of β-catenin is regulated by M-cadherin, and whether this regulation mediates the role of M-cadherin in myogenic differentiation. Our data show that the knockdown of M-cadherin expression by RNA interference (RNAi) in C2C12 myoblasts significantly increases the phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41 and decreases the protein abundance of ser37/thr41-unphosphorylated active β-catenin. Furthermore, M-cadherin RNAi promotes TCF/LEF transcription activity but also blunts the initiation of the myogenic progress by Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride or Wnt-3a treatment. Knockdown of β-catenin expression by RNAi decreases myogenic induction in myoblasts. Forced expression of a phosphorylation-resistant β-catenin plasmid (S33Y-β-catenin) fails to enhance myogenic differentiation, but it partially rescues C2C12 cells from M-cadherin RNAi-induced apoptosis. These data show, for the first time, that M-cadherin-mediated signaling attenuates β-catenin phosphorylation at Ser31/37/Thr41 by GSK-3β, and that this regulation has a positive effect on myogenic differentiation induced by canonical Wnt signaling.
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Nejak-Bowen K, Monga SP. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in hepatic organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 4:92-9. [PMID: 19279720 DOI: 10.4161/org.4.2.5855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has come to the forefront of liver biology in recent years. This pathway regulates key pathophysiological events inherent to the liver including development, regeneration and cancer, by dictating several biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, adhesion, zonation and metabolism in various cells of the liver. This review will examine the studies that have uncovered the relevant roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the process of liver development. We will discuss the potential roles of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during the phases of development, including competence, hepatic induction, expansion and morphogenesis. In addition, we will discuss the role of negative and positive regulation of this pathway and how the temporal expression of Wnt/beta-catenin can direct key processes during hepatic development. We will also identify some of the major deficits in the current understanding of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in liver development in order to provide a perspective for future studies. Thus, this review will provide a contextual overview of the role of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling during hepatic organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh School of Medcine; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
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The Dual Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Allograft Injury in Pediatric Renal Transplantation. Transplantation 2011; 92:787-95. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31822d092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Zare M, Jazii FR, Soheili ZS, Moghanibashi MM. Downregulation of tropomyosin-1 in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus, the role of Ras signaling and methylation. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:796-806. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.20847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Differential expression of Snail1 transcription factor and Snail1-related genes in alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2011; 48:671-7. [PMID: 21478114 DOI: 10.2478/v10042-010-0046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents the most common sarcoma of soft tissue among children. Two main RMS subtypes are alveolar (ARMS) and embryonal (ERMS). The major goal of this study was to find differentially expressed genes between RMS subtypes that could explain higher metastatic potential in ARMS and would be useful for the differential diagnosis. Using RQ-PCR analysis we compared expression of Snail1 and Snail-related genes among 7 ARMS and 8 ERMS patients' samples obtained from the primary tumors and among 2 alveolar and 2 embryonal cell lines. Our results show that Snail1 is highly expressed both in ARMS patients' samples and the alveolar cell lines. We also found that the expression of E-Cadherin was downregulated and the expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) was upregulated in ARMS. We assume that, as in many tumors, also in RMS Snail1 acts as a regulator for pathways known for their role in cells' metastasis and that Snail1 activity results in increased MMPs and decreased E-Cadherin expression. Our findings may explain higher ARMS aggressiveness. Moreover, we suggest that further studies should be performed to verify if Snail1 can be considered as a potential target for ARMS therapy.
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Automated detection of hepatotoxic compounds in human hepatocytes using HepaRG cells and image-based analysis of mitochondrial dysfunction with JC-1 dye. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:256-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Receptor tyrosine kinases in kidney development. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2011:869281. [PMID: 21637383 PMCID: PMC3100575 DOI: 10.1155/2011/869281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The kidney plays a fundamental role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis. As congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute one of the most common human birth defects, improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to CAKUT is critical. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant signaling via receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is causally linked to CAKUT. Upon activation by their ligands, RTKs dimerize, undergo autophosphorylation on specific tyrosine residues, and interact with adaptor proteins to activate intracellular signal transduction pathways that regulate diverse cell behaviours such as cell proliferation, survival, and movement. Here, we review the current understanding of role of RTKs and their downstream signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CAKUT.
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Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SPS. Beta-catenin signaling, liver regeneration and hepatocellular cancer: sorting the good from the bad. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 21:44-58. [PMID: 21182948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the adult organs, liver is unique for its ability to regenerate. A concerted signaling cascade enables optimum initiation of the regeneration process following insults brought about by surgery or a toxicant. Additionally, there exists a cellular redundancy, whereby a transiently amplifying progenitor population appears and expands to ensure regeneration, when differentiated cells of the liver are unable to proliferate in both experimental and clinical scenarios. One such pathway of relevance in these phenomena is Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is activated relatively early during regeneration mostly through post-translational modifications. Once activated, β-catenin signaling drives the expression of target genes that are critical for cell cycle progression and contribute to initiation of the regeneration process. The role and regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is now documented in rats, mice, zebrafish and patients. More recently, a regenerative advantage of the livers in β-catenin overexpressing mice was reported, as was also the case after exogenous Wnt-1 delivery to the liver paving the way for assessing means to stimulate the pathway for therapeutics in liver failure. β-Catenin is also pertinent in hepatic oval cell activation and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is reported in a significant subset of hepatocellular cancers (HCC). While many mechanisms of such activation have been reported, the most functional means of aberrant and sustained activation is through mutations in the β-catenin gene or in AXIN1/2, which encodes for a scaffolding protein critical for β-catenin degradation. Intriguingly, in experimental models hepatic overexpression of normal or mutant β-catenin is insufficient for tumorigenesis. In fact β-catenin loss promoted chemical carcinogenesis in the liver due to alternate mechanisms. Since most HCC occur in the backdrop of chronic hepatic injury, where hepatic regeneration is necessary for maintenance of liver function, but at the same time serves as the basis of dysplastic changes, this Promethean attribute exhibits a Jekyll and Hyde behavior that makes distinguishing good regeneration from bad regeneration essential for targeting selective molecular pathways as personalized medicine becomes a norm in clinical practice. Could β-catenin signaling be one such pathway that may be redundant in regeneration and indispensible in HCC in a subset of cases?
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Voskas D, Ling LS, Woodgett JR. Does GSK-3 provide a shortcut for PI3K activation of Wnt signalling? F1000 BIOLOGY REPORTS 2010; 2:82. [PMID: 21283602 PMCID: PMC3026644 DOI: 10.3410/b2-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a well-established downstream component of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway but is also a key enzyme in negatively regulating the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Several recent studies argue that PKB (protein kinase B)-mediated inhibition of GSK-3 leads to β-catenin accumulation, but whether cross-talk actually exists between these two pathways is controversial. To elucidate the mechanisms of shared signalling components, further studies taking into account different components of the PI3K signalling pathway and different pools of GSK-3 or β-catenin are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Voskas
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University AvenueToronto, ON, M5G 1X5Canada
| | - Ling S Ling
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University AvenueToronto, ON, M5G 1X5Canada
| | - James R Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University AvenueToronto, ON, M5G 1X5Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 27 King's College CircleToronto, ON, M5S 1A1Canada
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Noh KT, Cho SG, Choi EJ. Knockdown of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 modulates basal glycogen synthase kinase-3β kinase activity and regulates cell migration. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4097-101. [PMID: 20800594 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GSK-3β is a basally active kinase. Axin forms a complex with GSK-3β and β-catenin; this complex promotes the GSK-3β-dependent phosphorylation of β-catenin, thereby inducing its degradation. However, the inhibition of GSK-3β provokes cell migration via the dysregulation of β-catenin. In this study, we determined that the level of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was lower in a metastatic breast cancer cell line, compared to that of non-metastatic cancer cell lines and the knockdown of ASK1 not only induces β-catenin activation via the inhibition of GSK-3β and collapsing the subsequent protein complex by regulating Axin dynamics, but also stimulates cell migration. Together, the blockage of the GSK-3β-β-catenin pathway resulting from the knockdown of ASK1 modulates the migration of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae Noh
- Laboratories of Cell Death and Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Togawa A, Sfakianos J, Ishibe S, Suzuki S, Fujigaki Y, Kitagawa M, Mellman I, Cantley LG. Hepatocyte Growth Factor stimulated cell scattering requires ERK and Cdc42-dependent tight junction disassembly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:271-7. [PMID: 20728428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism by which Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) induces tight junction disassembly prior to cell scattering is largely unknown. Here, we show that HGF stimulates rapid loss of the TJ assembly protein Par6 from the TJ in an Erk-dependent manner. Erk activation by HGF is found to mediate the interaction of Par6 with GTP-loaded Cdc42. The Cdc42 GTPase activating protein cdGAP is shown to interact with Pkcζ at baseline and prevent Par6-Cdc42 association. Erk, by phosphorylating cdGAP at threonine776, can inhibit the GAP activity, thereby increasing Par6-Cdc42 association and TJ disassembly. Our findings reveal a novel pathway for regulating HGF signaling to the Par proteins through Erk-cdGAP, resulting in TJ disassembly and cell scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akashi Togawa
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Ma H, Togawa A, Soda K, Zhang J, Lee S, Ma M, Yu Z, Ardito T, Czyzyk J, Diggs L, Joly D, Hatakeyama S, Kawahara E, Holzman L, Guan JL, Ishibe S. Inhibition of podocyte FAK protects against proteinuria and foot process effacement. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1145-56. [PMID: 20522532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009090991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in cell motility. Movement and retraction of podocyte foot processes, which accompany podocyte injury, suggest focal adhesion disassembly. To understand better the mechanisms by which podocyte foot process effacement leads to proteinuria and kidney failure, we studied the function of FAK in podocytes. In murine models, glomerular injury led to activation of podocyte FAK, followed by proteinuria and foot process effacement. Both podocyte-specific deletion of FAK and pharmacologic inactivation of FAK abrogated the proteinuria and foot process effacement induced by glomerular injury. In vitro, podocytes isolated from conditional FAK knockout mice demonstrated reduced spreading and migration; pharmacologic inactivation of FAK had similar effects on wild-type podocytes. In conclusion, FAK activation regulates podocyte foot process effacement, suggesting that pharmacologic inhibition of this signaling cascade may have therapeutic potential in the setting of glomerular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ma
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Abstract
The present article reviews master stem cell transcription factors, their expression regulation network, and related signaling pathways with the aim of understanding the molecular mechanisms of pluripotent cell fate decisions. Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog are master transcription factors for maintenance of the undifferentiated state and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). In the mouse, they form a regulatory circuitry with coregulators, such as beta-catenin, Stat3, Myc, Klfs, Sall4, and Esrrb to control the expression of pluripotency-related genes including themselves. The threshold expression of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog for sustaining ESC properties depends on the synergistic effects among Stat3, beta-catenin, and Smad signaling pathway under the specific conditions of the ESC cytoplasmic microenvironment. Some of the salient differences in human ESC signaling pathways affecting their fate commitment are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Li
- Cell Laboratory, Marine College, Shandong University at Weihai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Xue L, Liu H, Wang P, Xu P, Cai Y. Aberrant changes of Wnt2/beta-catenin signaling pathway induced by sodium nitroprusside in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:230-41. [PMID: 19857041 DOI: 10.3109/07357900903095698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is an attractive method for therapy of various tumors including breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer, etc. However, little is known about the role of Wnt2/beta-catenin pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Here we identify that Wnt2/beta-catenin signaling pathway is activated in ESCC cells, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and siRNA against beta-catenin not only inhibit the expressions of beta-catenin and its major downstream effectors including c-myc and cyclin D1, but induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that Wnt2/beta-catenin pathway may be a potential molecular target for ESCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Laboratory for Cell Biology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
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Abstract
Overexpression of the forkhead family transcription factor Foxc2 has been shown to activate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlate with tumor metastasis. In this study, we show that both mRNA and protein levels of Foxc2 increase 1 day after kidney ischemia/reperfusion in sublethally injured tubular cells and that the protein is located in the cytoplasm rather than the nucleus of these cells. in vitro studies of cultured tubular cells confirm the cytoplasmic location of Foxc2 and show that increased cytoplasmic expression of Foxc2 correlates with epithelial differentiation rather than dedifferentiation. Silencing of Foxc2 by RNAi in these cells led to EMT and increased cell migration. In contrast, Foxc2 is found in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of cultured fibroblasts, with RNAi leading to increased expression of epithelial markers and impaired cell migration. Consistent with a subcellular localization dependence of Foxc2 function, overexpression of Foxc2 in renal epithelial cells resulted in de novo nuclear expression of the protein and promotion of a mesenchymal/fibroblast phenotype. These results suggest that Foxc2 may have regulatory functions independent of its nuclear transcriptional activity and that upregulation of endogenous Foxc2 in the cytoplasm of injured tubular cells activates epithelial cell redifferentiation rather than dedifferentiation during organ repair.
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Deletion of the Met receptor in the collecting duct decreases renal repair following ureteral obstruction. Kidney Int 2009; 76:868-76. [PMID: 19675527 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor, Met, activate biological pathways necessary for repair and regeneration following kidney injury. The Met receptor is expressed in multiple cell types within the kidney, each of which is capable of regulating fibrotic responses. To specifically address the role of the Met receptor in the adult collecting duct during renal injury, a conditional knockout mouse (Met(fl/fl);HoxB7-Cre) was generated and tested using unilateral ureteral obstruction, a model of nephron injury, fibrosis, and repair. Following obstruction in these mice there was increased expression of collagens I and IV along with plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, a known regulator of matrix degradation, compared to ureteral obstructed non-flox littermates. There were trends toward increased interstitial fibrosis, infiltration of the interstitium, and acute tubular necrosis in the knockout mice despite similar degrees of hydronephrosis to the control littermates. The Met(fl/fl);HoxB7-Cre mice; however, had reduced tubular cell proliferation and kidney regenerative capacity after release of the obstruction, thus leading to diminished functional recovery. We suggest that Met receptor signaling in the collecting duct acts as a major regulator of cell survival and propagation of the repair process with a possible secondary role to diminish inflammatory and fibrotic responses.
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Goldoni S, Humphries A, Nyström A, Sattar S, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Ireton K, Iozzo RV. Decorin is a novel antagonistic ligand of the Met receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:743-54. [PMID: 19433454 PMCID: PMC2711571 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200901129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Decorin, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, impedes tumor cell growth by down-regulating the epidermal growth factor receptor. Decorin has a complex binding repertoire, thus, we predicted that decorin would modulate the bioactivity of other tyrosine kinase receptors. We discovered that decorin binds directly and with high affinity (Kd = ∼1.5 nM) to Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Binding of decorin to Met is efficiently displaced by HGF and less efficiently by internalin B, a bacterial Met ligand. Interaction of decorin with Met induces transient receptor activation, recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, and rapid intracellular degradation of Met (half-life = ∼6 min). Decorin suppresses intracellular levels of β-catenin, a known downstream Met effector, and inhibits Met-mediated cell migration and growth. Thus, by antagonistically targeting multiple tyrosine kinase receptors, decorin contributes to reduction in primary tumor growth and metastastic spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Goldoni
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Ishibe S, Karihaloo A, Ma H, Zhang J, Marlier A, Mitobe M, Togawa A, Schmitt R, Czyczk J, Kashgarian M, Geller DS, Thorgeirsson SS, Cantley LG. Met and the epidermal growth factor receptor act cooperatively to regulate final nephron number and maintain collecting duct morphology. Development 2009; 136:337-45. [PMID: 19103805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.024463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ureteric bud (UB) branching during kidney development determines the final number of nephrons. Although hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor Met have been shown to stimulate branching morphogenesis in explanted embryonic kidneys, loss of Met expression is lethal during early embryogenesis without obvious kidney abnormalities. Met(fl/fl);HoxB7-Cre mice, which lack Met expression selectively in the UB, were generated and found to have a reduction in final nephron number. These mice have increased Egf receptor expression in both the embryonic and adult kidney, and exogenous Egf can partially rescue the branching defect seen in kidney explants. Met(fl/fl);HoxB7-Cre;wa-2/wa-2 mice, which lack normal Egfr and Met signaling, exhibit small kidneys with a marked decrease in UB branching at E14.5 as well as a reduction in final glomerular number. These mice developed progressive interstitial fibrosis surrounding collecting ducts with kidney failure and death by 3-4 weeks of age. Thus, in support of previous in vitro findings, Met and the Egf receptor can act cooperatively to regulate UB branching and mediate maintenance of the normal adult collecting duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Takemaru KI, Fischer V, Li FQ. Fine-tuning of nuclear-catenin by Chibby and 14-3-3. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:210-3. [PMID: 19158508 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.2.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chibby (Cby) is an evolutionarily conserved antagonist of beta-catenin, a central player of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, which acts as a transcriptional coactivator. Cby physically interacts with the C-terminal activation domain of beta-catenin and blocks its transcriptional activation potential through competition with DNA-binding Tcf/Lef transcription factors. Our recent study revealed a second mechanism for Cby-mediated beta-catenin inhibition in which Cby cooperates with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins to facilitate nuclear export of beta-catenin, following phosphorylation of Cby by Akt kinase. Therefore, our findings unravel a novel molecular mechanism regulating the dynamic nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of beta-catenin and provide new insights into the cross-talk between the Wnt and Akt signaling pathways. Here, we review recent literature concerning Cby function and discuss our current understanding of the relationship between Wnt and Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651, USA.
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Kroening S, Solomovitch S, Sachs M, Wullich B, Goppelt-Struebe M. Regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by hepatocyte growth factor in human tubular epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 24:755-62. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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44
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Schmitt R, Marlier A, Cantley LG. Zag expression during aging suppresses proliferation after kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:2375-83. [PMID: 18815245 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery after acute kidney injury is impaired in the elderly, but mechanistic information regarding why this occurs is limited. In this study, aged mouse kidneys displayed a reduced epithelial proliferative reserve in vivo and in vitro. Microarray analysis identified increased expression of zinc-alpha (2)-glycoprotein (Zag) in aged proximal tubular cells. The addition of recombinant Zag to primary renal epithelial cell cultures decreased proliferation, whereas knockdown of Zag increased proliferation. In vivo, systemic small interference RNA suppressed expression of Zag in the mouse proximal tubule; this increased the rate of epithelial cell proliferation after renal ischemia/reperfusion in aged mice but also increased parenchymal fibrosis. These results demonstrate that increased Zag expression in the aged kidney acts to suppress the proliferative response to injury and introduce Zag as a modifier of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schmitt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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46
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Growth and development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:79-101. [PMID: 18185067 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3282f4f084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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47
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