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Zhang Q, Wen XH, Tang SL, Zhao ZW, Tang CK. Role and therapeutic potential of gelsolin in atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 178:59-67. [PMID: 36967105 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major pathophysiological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases and has been recognized as a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disease. Gelsolin (GSN) is a member of the GSN family. The main function of GSN is to cut and seal actin filaments to regulate the cytoskeleton and participate in a variety of biological functions, such as cell movement, morphological changes, metabolism, apoptosis and phagocytosis. Recently, more and more evidences have demonstrated that GSN is Closely related to atherosclerosis, involving lipid metabolism, inflammation, cell proliferation, migration and thrombosis. This article reviews the role of GSN in atherosclerosis from inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shi-Lin Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Department of Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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2
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Russo A, Colina JA, Moy J, Baligod S, Czarnecki AA, Varughese P, Lantvit DD, Dean MJ, Burdette JE. Silencing PTEN in the fallopian tube promotes enrichment of cancer stem cell-like function through loss of PAX2. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:375. [PMID: 33828085 PMCID: PMC8027874 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy that is primarily detected at the metastatic stage. Most HGSOC originates from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and metastasizes to the ovary before invading the peritoneum; therefore, it is crucial to study disease initiation and progression using FTE-derived models. We previously demonstrated that loss of PTEN from the FTE leads to ovarian cancer. In the present study, loss of PTEN in FTE led to the enrichment of cancer stem cell markers such as LGR5, WNT4, ALDH1, CD44. Interestingly, loss of the transcription factor PAX2, which is a common and early alteration in HGSOC, played a pivotal role in the expression of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) markers and cell function. In addition, loss of PTEN led to the generation of two distinct subpopulations of cells with different CSC marker expression, tumorigenicity, and chemoresistance profiles. Taken together, these data suggest that loss of PTEN induces reprogramming of the FTE cells into a more stem-like phenotype due to loss of PAX2 and provides a model to study early events during the FTE-driven ovarian cancer tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Russo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Jose A Colina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Junlone Moy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Seth Baligod
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Austin A Czarnecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Peter Varughese
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Matthew J Dean
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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3
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Venniyoor A. PTEN: A Thrifty Gene That Causes Disease in Times of Plenty? Front Nutr 2020; 7:81. [PMID: 32582754 PMCID: PMC7290048 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern obesity epidemic with associated disorders of metabolism and cancer has been attributed to the presence of "thrifty genes". In the distant past, these genes helped the organism to improve energy efficiency and store excess energy safely as fat to survive periods of famine, but in the present day obesogenic environment, have turned detrimental. I propose PTEN as the likely gene as it has functions that span metabolism, cancer and reproduction, all of which are deranged in obesity and insulin resistance. The activity of PTEN can be calibrated in utero by availability of nutrients by the methylation arm of the epigenetic pathway. Deficiency of protein and choline has been shown to upregulate DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), especially 1 and 3a; these can then methylate promoter region of PTEN and suppress its expression. Thus, the gene is tuned like a metabolic rheostat proportional to the availability of specific nutrients, and the resultant "dose" of the protein, which sits astride and negatively regulates the insulin-PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, decides energy usage and proliferation. This "fixes" the metabolic capacity of the organism periconceptionally to a specific postnatal level of nutrition, but when faced with a discordant environment, leads to obesity related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Venniyoor
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Oncology Centre, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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4
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Peng J, Ma W, Zhou Z, Gu Y, Lu Z, Zhang R, Pan Z. Genetic variations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway predict tumor response and disease-free survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy and radical surgery. J Cancer 2018; 9:1067-1077. [PMID: 29581786 PMCID: PMC5868174 DOI: 10.7150/jca.23538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), the clinical efficacy differs among patients. This study was conducted to determine the association between genetic variations in the PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and clinical outcomes in LARC patients. Methods: Sixteen tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five core genes (PIK3CA, PTEN, AKT1, AKT2, and FRAP1) were genotyped. The associations of these SNPs with tumor response to preoperative CRT, postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were identified. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were adjusted by age, sex, clinical stage, tumor differentiation, tumor location, cycles of preoperative chemotherapy and time interval from CRT completion to surgery. Results: In an analysis of 97 LARC patients, the G/T+G/G genotype of AKT1:rs2498804 was associated with an increased tumor response rate (adjusted OR = 2.909, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.127-7.505, P = 0.027). At a median of 65.7 months of follow-up, the G/C+C/C genotype of AKT2:rs8100018 was associated with a reduced risk of postoperative recurrence (adjusted HR = 0.414; 95% CI, 0.187-0.914, P = 0.029). Patients carrying the G/C+C/C genotype in AKT2:rs8100018 presented a higher 5-year DFS rate than those with the wild-type genotype (79.2% vs. 62.3%, P = 0.038). None of the SNPs were significantly associated with pathological complete response (pCR) or 5-year OS. Conclusions: The current study indicates that genetic variations within the PI3K/ PTEN/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway are associated with the clinical outcomes of LARC patients undergoing preoperative CRT followed by radical surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhongguo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yangkui Gu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Division, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Pan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine Guangzhou, 510060, P.R. China
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5
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Kim DC, Kang M, Biswas A, Yang CR, Wang X, Gao JX. Effects of low dose ionizing radiation on DNA damage-caused pathways by reverse-phase protein array and Bayesian networks. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2018; 15:1750006. [PMID: 28440122 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720017500068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causing damages to Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) constitutes a broad range of base damage and double strand break, and thereby, it induces the operation of relevant signaling pathways such as DNA repair, cell cycle control, and cell apoptosis. The goal of this paper is to study how the exposure to low dose radiation affects the human body by observing the signaling pathway associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia mutated (ATM) using Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) and isogenic human Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T) cells under different amounts and durations of IR exposure. In order to verify which proteins could be involved in a DNA damage-caused pathway, only proteins that highly interact with each other under IR are selected by using correlation coefficient. The pathway inference is derived from learning Bayesian networks in combination with prior knowledge such as Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) and signaling pathways from well-known databases. Learning Bayesian networks is based on a score and search scheme that provides the highest scored network structure given a score function, and the prior knowledge is included in the score function as a prior probability by using Dempster-Shafer theory (DST). In this way, the inferred network can be more likely to be similar to already discovered pathways and consistent with confirmed PPIs for more reliable inference. The experimental results show which proteins are involved in signaling pathways under IR, how the inferred pathways are different under low and high doses of IR, and how the selected proteins regulate each other in the inferred pathways. As our main contribution, overall results confirm that low dose IR could cause DNA damage and thereby induce and affect related signaling pathways such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Chul Kim
- * Department of Computer Science, University of Texas - Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX78539, USA
| | - Mingon Kang
- † Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA 30060, USA
| | - Ashis Biswas
- ‡ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX76019, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- § Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- ¶ Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX75390, USA
| | - Jean X Gao
- ‡ Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX76019, USA
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6
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Brandmaier A, Hou SQ, Shen WH. Cell Cycle Control by PTEN. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2265-2277. [PMID: 28602818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Continuous and error-free chromosome inheritance through the cell cycle is essential for genomic stability and tumor suppression. However, accumulation of aberrant genetic materials often causes the cell cycle to go awry, leading to malignant transformation. In response to genotoxic stress, cells employ diverse adaptive mechanisms to halt or exit the cell cycle temporarily or permanently. The intrinsic machinery of cycling, resting, and exiting shapes the cellular response to extrinsic stimuli, whereas prevalent disruption of the cell cycle machinery in tumor cells often confers resistance to anticancer therapy. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor and a guardian of the genome that is frequently mutated or deleted in human cancer. Moreover, it is increasingly evident that PTEN deficiency disrupts the fundamental processes of genetic transmission. Cells lacking PTEN exhibit cell cycle deregulation and cell fate reprogramming. Here, we review the role of PTEN in regulating the key processes in and out of cell cycle to optimize genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brandmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sheng-Qi Hou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wen H Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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7
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Hill VK, Kim JS, James CD, Waldman T. Correction of PTEN mutations in glioblastoma cell lines via AAV-mediated gene editing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176683. [PMID: 28464039 PMCID: PMC5413031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PTEN is among the most commonly mutated tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. However, studying the role of PTEN in the pathogenesis of cancer has been limited, in part, by the paucity of human cell-based isogenic systems that faithfully model PTEN loss. In an effort to remedy this problem, gene editing was used to correct an endogenous mutant allele of PTEN in two human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines– 42MGBA and T98G. PTEN correction resulted in reduced cellular proliferation that was Akt-dependent in 42MGBA cells and Akt-independent in T98G cells. This is the first report of human cancer cell lines in which mutant PTEN has been corrected by gene editing. The isogenic sets of gene edited cell lines reported here will likely prove useful for further study of PTEN mutations in the pathogenesis of cancer, and for the discovery and validation of novel therapeutics targeting the PTEN pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria K. Hill
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - Jung-Sik Kim
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
| | - C. David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Todd Waldman
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Wu D. Epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN): Beyond a tumor suppressor. Genes Dis 2017; 4:100-107. [PMID: 30258911 PMCID: PMC6136588 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of cancer-related deaths are caused by tumor recurrence, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. During the late stages of tumor progression, multiple factors are involved, including the downregulation and/or loss of function of metastasis suppressors. Epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN), an actin-binding protein, was initially identified as a putative tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in epithelial tumors. Recent evidence indicates that EPLIN may negatively regulate epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial process by which cancer cells acquire invasive capabilities and therapeutic resistance. Importantly, downregulation of EPLIN is associated with clinical metastasis in a variety of solid tumors, suggesting that EPLIN could be a suppressor of metastasis. In this review, I will discuss the regulation and function of EPLIN in human cancer cells and explore the clinical significance of EPLIN in metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Wu
- Georgia Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,MetCure Therapeutics LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA,Corresponding author. Georgia Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
Treatment of malignant disease is of paramount importance in modern medicine. In 2012, it was estimated that 162,000 people died from cancer in the UK which illustrates a fundamental problem. Traditional treatments for cancer have various drawbacks, and this creates a considerable need for specific, molecular targets to overcome cancer spread. Epithelial protein lost in neoplasm (EPLIN) is an actin-associated molecule which has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers including breast, prostate, oesophageal and lung where EPLIN expression is frequently lost as the cancer progresses. EPLIN is important in the regulation of actin dynamics and has multiple associations at epithelial cells junctions. Thus, EPLIN loss in cancer may have significant effects on cancer cell migration and invasion, increasing metastatic potential. Overexpression of EPLIN has proved to be an effective tool for manipulating cancerous traits such as reducing cell growth and cell motility and rendering cells less invasive illustrating the therapeutic potential of EPLIN. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of EPLIN, highlighting EPLIN involvement in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics, signalling pathways and implications in cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J Collins
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rachel Hargest
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Malcolm D Mason
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative (CCMRC), Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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10
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Berardi R, Morgese F, Torniai M, Savini A, Partelli S, Rinaldi S, Caramanti M, Ferrini C, Falconi M, Cascinu S. Medical treatment for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:389-401. [PMID: 27096034 PMCID: PMC4824717 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) represents a various family of rare tumours. Surgery is the first choice in GEP-NENs patients with localized disease whilst in the metastatic setting many other treatment options are available. Somatostatin analogues are indicated for symptoms control in functioning tumours. Furthermore they may be effective to inhibit tumour progression. GEP-NENs pathogenesis has been extensively studied in the last years therefore several driver mutations pathway genes have been identified as crucial factors in their tumourigenesis. GEP-NENs can over-express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblastic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF-α and -β), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors PDGF receptor, IGF-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGF receptor, and c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) that can be considered as potential targets. The availability of new targeted agents, such as everolimus and sunitinib that are effective in advanced and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, has provided new treatment opportunities. Many trials combing new drugs are ongoing.
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11
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Verrastro I, Tveen-Jensen K, Woscholski R, Spickett CM, Pitt AR. Reversible oxidation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) alters its interactions with signaling and regulatory proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 90:24-34. [PMID: 26561776 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is involved in a number of different cellular processes including metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation and survival. It is a redox-sensitive dual-specificity protein phosphatase that acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. While direct evidence of redox regulation of PTEN downstream signaling has been reported, the effect of PTEN redox status on its protein-protein interactions is poorly understood. PTEN-GST in its reduced and a DTT-reversible H2O2-oxidized form was immobilized on a glutathione-sepharose support and incubated with cell lysate to capture interacting proteins. Captured proteins were analyzed by LC-MSMS and comparatively quantified using label-free methods. 97 Potential protein interactors were identified, including a significant number that are novel. The abundance of fourteen interactors was found to vary significantly with the redox status of PTEN. Altered binding to PTEN was confirmed by affinity pull-down and Western blotting for Prdx1, Trx, and Anxa2, while DDB1 was validated as a novel interactor with unaltered binding. These results suggest that the redox status of PTEN causes a functional variation in the PTEN interactome. The resin capture method developed had distinct advantages in that the redox status of PTEN could be directly controlled and measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Verrastro
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karina Tveen-Jensen
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Corinne M Spickett
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew R Pitt
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston Triangle, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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12
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Lackey BR, Gray SL. Second messengers, steroids and signaling cascades: Crosstalk in sperm development and function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:294-302. [PMID: 26188217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Signaling cascades control numerous aspects of sperm physiology, ranging from creation to fertilization. Novel aspects of several kinases and their influence on sperm development will be discussed in the first section and cover proliferation, chromatin remodeling and morphology. In the second section, protein kinases (A, B and C) that affect sperm function and their regulation by second messengers, cyclic-AMP and phosphoinositides, as well as steroids will be featured. Key areas of integration will be presented on the topics of sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Lackey
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, AVS Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - S L Gray
- Endocrine Physiology Laboratory, AVS Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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13
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Saavedra L, Catarino R, Heinz T, Heilmann I, Bezanilla M, Malhó R. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Is a Growth Repressor of Both Rhizoid and Gametophore Development in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:2572-86. [PMID: 26463087 PMCID: PMC4677911 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a lipid phosphatase implicated in cellular proliferation and survival. In animal cells, loss of PTEN leads to increased levels of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, stimulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, cellular growth, and morphological changes (related to adaptation and survival). Intriguingly, in plants, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate has not been detected, and the enzymes that synthesize it were never reported. In this study we performed a genetic, biochemical, and functional characterization of the moss Physcomitrella patens PTEN gene family. P. patens has four PTENs, which are ubiquitously expressed during the entire moss life cycle. Using a knock-in approach, we show that all four genes are expressed in growing tissues, namely caulonemal and rhizoid cells. At the subcellular level, PpPTEN-green fluorescent protein fusions localized to the cytosol and the nucleus. Analysis of single and double knockouts revealed no significant phenotypes at different developmental stages, indicative of functional redundancy. However, compared with wild-type triple and quadruple pten knockouts, caulonemal cells grew faster, switched from the juvenile protonemal stage to adult gametophores earlier, and produced more rhizoids. Furthermore, analysis of lipid content and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction data performed in quadruple mutants revealed altered phosphoinositide levels [increase in phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate and decrease in phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate] and up-regulation of marker genes from the synthesis phase of the cell cycle (e.g. P. patens proliferating cell nuclear antigen, ribonucleotide reductase, and minichromosome maintenance) and of the retinoblastoma-related protein gene P. patens retinoblastoma-related protein1. Together, these results suggest that PpPTEN is a suppressor of cell growth and morphogenic development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saavedra
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
| | - Rita Catarino
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
| | - Tobias Heinz
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
| | - Rui Malhó
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal (L.S., R.C., R.M.);Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Cellular Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany (T.H., I.H.); andUniversity of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (M.B.)
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14
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Nguyen HN, Yang JM, Rahdar M, Keniry M, Swaney KF, Parsons R, Park BH, Sesaki H, Devreotes PN, Iijima M. A new class of cancer-associated PTEN mutations defined by membrane translocation defects. Oncogene 2015; 34:3737-43. [PMID: 25263454 PMCID: PMC4377315 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which negatively regulates tumorigenic phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) signaling, is a commonly mutated tumor suppressor. The majority of cancer-associated PTEN mutations block its essential PIP3 phosphatase activity. However, there is a group of clinically identified PTEN mutations that maintain enzymatic activity, and it is unknown how these mutations contribute to tumor pathogenesis. Here, we show that these enzymatically competent PTEN mutants fail to translocate to the plasma membrane where PTEN converts PIP3 to PI(4,5)P2. Artificial membrane tethering of the PTEN mutants effectively restores tumor suppressor activity and represses excess PIP3 signaling in cells. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism of tumorigenic PTEN deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jr-Ming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Meghdad Rahdar
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kristen F. Swaney
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ben Ho Park
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter N. Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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15
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Kalathur M, Toso A, Chen J, Revandkar A, Danzer-Baltzer C, Guccini I, Alajati A, Sarti M, Pinton S, Brambilla L, Di Mitri D, Carbone G, Garcia-Escudero R, Padova A, Magnoni L, Tarditi A, Maccari L, Malusa F, Kalathur RKR, A. Pinna L, Cozza G, Ruzzene M, Delaleu N, Catapano CV, Frew IJ, Alimonti A. A chemogenomic screening identifies CK2 as a target for pro-senescence therapy in PTEN-deficient tumours. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7227. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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16
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Briercheck EL, Trotta R, Chen L, Hartlage AS, Cole JP, Cole TD, Mao C, Banerjee PP, Hsu HT, Mace EM, Ciarlariello D, Mundy-Bosse BL, Garcia-Cao I, Scoville SD, Yu L, Pilarski R, Carson WE, Leone G, Pandolfi PP, Yu J, Orange JS, Caligiuri MA. PTEN is a negative regulator of NK cell cytolytic function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 194:1832-40. [PMID: 25595786 PMCID: PMC4319309 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells are characterized by their ability to initiate an immediate and direct cytolytic response to virally infected or malignantly transformed cells. Within human peripheral blood, the more mature CD56(dim) NK cell efficiently kills malignant targets at rest, whereas the less mature CD56(bright) NK cells cannot. In this study, we show that resting CD56(bright) NK cells express significantly more phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein when compared with CD56(dim) NK cells. Consistent with this, forced overexpression of PTEN in NK cells resulted in decreased cytolytic activity, and loss of PTEN in CD56(bright) NK cells resulted in elevated cytolytic activity. Comparable studies in mice showed PTEN overexpression did not alter NK cell development or NK cell-activating and inhibitory receptor expression yet, as in humans, did decrease expression of downstream NK activation targets MAPK and AKT during early cytolysis of tumor target cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that PTEN overexpression disrupts the NK cell's ability to organize immunological synapse components including decreases in actin accumulation, polarization of the microtubule organizing center, and the convergence of cytolytic granules. In summary, our data suggest that PTEN normally works to limit the NK cell's PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway activation and the consequent mobilization of cytolytic mediators toward the target cell and suggest that PTEN is among the active regulatory components prior to human NK cells transitioning from the noncytolytic CD56(bright) NK cell to the cytolytic CD56(dim) NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L. Briercheck
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rossana Trotta
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Li Chen
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Alex S. Hartlage
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jordan P. Cole
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Tyler D. Cole
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Charlene Mao
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Pinaki P. Banerjee
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Hsiang-Ting Hsu
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - David Ciarlariello
- The Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Bethany L. Mundy-Bosse
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Isabel Garcia-Cao
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Steven D. Scoville
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Robert Pilarski
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - William E. Carson
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- The Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael A. Caligiuri
- Medical Scientist Training Program and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center and Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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17
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miR-494-3p Regulates Cellular Proliferation, Invasion, Migration, and Apoptosis by PTEN/AKT Signaling in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 35:679-87. [PMID: 25662849 PMCID: PMC4477718 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors, and the molecular mechanisms involving their progression and recurrence are still largely unclear. Substantial data indicate that the oncogene miR-494-3p is significantly elevated in gliomas, but the molecular functions of miR-494-3p in gliomagenesis are largely unknown. The present study aimed to explore the role of miR-494-3p and its molecular mechanism in human brain gliomas, malignant glioma cell lines, and cancer stem-like cells. The expression level of miR-494-3p in 48 human glioma issues and 8 normal brain tissues was determined using stem-loop real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To study the function of miR-494-3p inhibitor in glioma cells, the miR-494-3p inhibitor lentivirus was used to transfect glioma cells. Transwell invasion system was used to estimate the effects of miR-494-3p inhibitor on the invasiveness of glioma cells. A mouse model was used to test the effect of miR-494-3p inhibitor on glioma proliferation and invasion in vivo. Results showed that the expression of miR-494-3p in human brain glioma tissues was higher than in normal brain tissues. Downregulated expression of miR-494-3p can inhibit the invasion and proliferation and promote apoptosis in glioma cells. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting analysis revealed that the expression of PTEN was increased after downexpression of miR-494-3p in glioma cells (U87 and U251). miR-494-3p inhibitor could prevent migration, invasion, proliferation, and promote apotosis in gliomas through PTEN/AKT pathway. Therefore, the study results have shown that miR-494-3p may act as a therapeutic target in gliomas.
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18
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Chandrasekaran S, Deng H, Fang Y. PTEN deletion potentiates invasion of colorectal cancer spheroidal cells through 3D Matrigel. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:324-34. [PMID: 25625883 DOI: 10.1039/c4ib00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), a tumour suppressor negatively regulating the PI3K signalling pathway, is the second most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. Decreased PTEN expression is correlated with colorectal cancer metastases and poor patient survival. Three dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models have been postulated to bridge the gap between 2D cell models and animal models for cancer research and drug discovery. However, little is known about the impact of PTEN deletion on the invasion of colon cancer spheroidal cells through a 3D extracellular matrix, and current techniques are limited in their ability to study in vitro 3D cell models in real-time. Here, we investigated the migration and invasion behaviours of the colon cancer cell line HCT116 and its PTEN-/- isogenic cell line using three different in vitro assays, wound healing, transwell invasion, and label-free single cell 3D(2) invasion assays enabled by a resonant waveguide grating (RWG) biosensor. Light microscopic and RWG imaging showed that PTEN deletion influences the spheroid formation of HCT116 cells at high seeding density, and accelerates the spontaneous transfer from the spheroid to substrate surfaces. In vitro migration and invasion assays showed that PTEN knockout increases the 2D migration speed of HCT116 cells, and the invasion rate of individual cells through Matrigel or cells in the spheroid through 3D Matrigel; moreover, the PI3K inhibitor treatment drastically reduces the invasiveness of both cell lines. This study suggests that PTEN knockout potentiates the invasiveness of colorectal cancer spheroidal cells through a 3D extracellular matrix, and the label-free single cell assay is a powerful tool for investigating cancer cell invasion, in particular using 3D cell models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddarth Chandrasekaran
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY 14831, USA.
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19
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Xu WT, Yang Z, Lu NH. Roles of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) in gastric cancer development and progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:17-24. [PMID: 24528021 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is highly invasive, aggressively malignant, and amongst the most prevalent of all forms of cancer. Despite improved management strategies, early stage diagnosis of gastric cancer and accurate prognostic assessment is still lacking. Several recent reports have indicated that the pathogenesis of gastric cancer involves complex molecular mechanisms and multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Functional inactivation of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) has been detected in multiple cases of gastric cancer, and already shown to be closely linked to the development, progression and prognosis of the disease. Inactivation of PTEN can be attributed to gene mutation, loss of heterozygosity, promoter hypermethylation, microRNA- mediated regulation of gene expression, and post-translational phosphorylation. PTEN is also involved in mechanisms regulating tumor resistance to chemotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PTEN and its roles in gastric cancer, and emphasizes its potential benefits in early diagnosis and gene therapy-based treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China E-mail :
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20
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Walia V, Prickett TD, Kim JS, Gartner JJ, Lin JC, Zhou M, Rosenberg SA, Elble RC, Solomon DA, Waldman T, Samuels Y. Mutational and functional analysis of the tumor-suppressor PTPRD in human melanoma. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:1301-10. [PMID: 25113440 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) tightly regulate tyrosine phosphorylation essential for cell growth, adhesion, migration, and survival. We performed a mutational analysis of the PTP gene family in cutaneous metastatic melanoma and identified 23 phosphatase genes harboring somatic mutations. Among these, receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta (PTPRD) was one of the most highly mutated genes, harboring 17 somatic mutations in 79 samples, a prevalence of 21.5%. Functional evaluation of six PTPRD mutations revealed enhanced anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth. Interestingly, melanoma cells expressing mutant PTPRD were significantly more migratory than cells expressing wild-type PTPRD or vector alone, indicating a novel gain-of-function associated with mutant PTPRD. To understand the molecular mechanisms of PTPRD mutations, we searched for its binding partners by converting the active PTPRD enzyme into a "substrate trap" form. Using mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation, we report desmoplakin, a desmosomal protein that is implicated in cell-cell adhesion, as a novel PTPRD substrate. Further analysis showed reduced phosphatase activity of mutant PTPRD against desmoplakin. Our findings identify an essential signaling cascade that is disrupted in melanoma. Moreover, because PTPRD is also mutated in glioblastomas and adenocarcinoma of the colon and lung, our data might be applicable to a large number of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Walia
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Bannwarth S, Ait-El-Mkadem S, Chaussenot A, Genin EC, Lacas-Gervais S, Fragaki K, Berg-Alonso L, Kageyama Y, Serre V, Moore DG, Verschueren A, Rouzier C, Le Ber I, Augé G, Cochaud C, Lespinasse F, N'Guyen K, de Septenville A, Brice A, Yu-Wai-Man P, Sesaki H, Pouget J, Paquis-Flucklinger V. A mitochondrial origin for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through CHCHD10 involvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2329-45. [PMID: 24934289 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA instability disorders are responsible for a large clinical spectrum, among which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-like symptoms and frontotemporal dementia are extremely rare. We report a large family with a late-onset phenotype including motor neuron disease, cognitive decline resembling frontotemporal dementia, cerebellar ataxia and myopathy. In all patients, muscle biopsy showed ragged-red and cytochrome c oxidase-negative fibres with combined respiratory chain deficiency and abnormal assembly of complex V. The multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions found in skeletal muscle revealed a mitochondrial DNA instability disorder. Patient fibroblasts present with respiratory chain deficiency, mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations and fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. Interestingly, expression of matrix-targeted photoactivatable GFP showed that mitochondrial fusion was not inhibited in patient fibroblasts. Using whole-exome sequencing we identified a missense mutation (c.176C>T; p.Ser59Leu) in the CHCHD10 gene that encodes a coiled-coil helix coiled-coil helix protein, whose function is unknown. We show that CHCHD10 is a mitochondrial protein located in the intermembrane space and enriched at cristae junctions. Overexpression of a CHCHD10 mutant allele in HeLa cells led to fragmentation of the mitochondrial network and ultrastructural major abnormalities including loss, disorganization and dilatation of cristae. The observation of a frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mitochondrial disease led us to analyse CHCHD10 in a cohort of 21 families with pathologically proven frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We identified the same missense p.Ser59Leu mutation in one of these families. This work opens a novel field to explore the pathogenesis of the frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical spectrum by showing that mitochondrial disease may be at the origin of some of these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Bannwarth
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Samira Ait-El-Mkadem
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Annabelle Chaussenot
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Emmanuelle C Genin
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- 3 Joint Centre for Applied Electron Microscopy, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Konstantina Fragaki
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Laetitia Berg-Alonso
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valérie Serre
- 5 UMR7592 CNRS, Jacques Monod Institute, Paris Diderot University, France
| | - David G Moore
- 6 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Annie Verschueren
- 7 Department of Neurology, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France9 National Reference Centre on Rare Dementias, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Augé
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Charlotte Cochaud
- 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Françoise Lespinasse
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France
| | - Karine N'Guyen
- 10 Department of Medical Genetics, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Anne de Septenville
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- 8 Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM75, Inserm U1127, Cnrs UMR7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- 6 Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- 4 Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jean Pouget
- 7 Department of Neurology, Timone Hospital, Marseille Teaching Hospital, France
| | - Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger
- 1 IRCAN, UMR CNRS 7284/INSERM U1081/UNS, School of Medicine, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, France 2 Department of Medical Genetics, National Centre for Mitochondrial Diseases, Nice Teaching Hospital, France
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22
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Kreis P, Leondaritis G, Lieberam I, Eickholt BJ. Subcellular targeting and dynamic regulation of PTEN: implications for neuronal cells and neurological disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2014; 7:23. [PMID: 24744697 PMCID: PMC3978343 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2014.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PTEN is a lipid and protein phosphatase that regulates a diverse range of cellular mechanisms. PTEN is mainly present in the cytosol and transiently associates with the plasma membrane to dephosphorylate PI(3,4,5)P3, thereby antagonizing the PI3-Kinase signaling pathway. Recently, PTEN has been shown to associate also with organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mitochondria, or the nucleus, and to be secreted outside of the cell. In addition, PTEN dynamically localizes to specialized sub-cellular compartments such as the neuronal growth cone or dendritic spines. The diverse localizations of PTEN imply a tight temporal and spatial regulation, orchestrated by mechanisms such as posttranslational modifications, formation of distinct protein–protein interactions, or the activation/recruitment of PTEN downstream of external cues. The regulation of PTEN function is thus not only important at the enzymatic activity level, but is also associated to its spatial distribution. In this review we will summarize (i) recent findings that highlight mechanisms controlling PTEN movement and sub-cellular localization, and (ii) current understanding of how PTEN localization is achieved by mechanisms controlling posttranslational modification, by association with binding partners and by PTEN structural or activity requirements. Finally, we will discuss the possible roles of compartmentalized PTEN in developing and mature neurons in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kreis
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London London, UK
| | - George Leondaritis
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London London, UK ; Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London London, UK
| | - Britta J Eickholt
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London London, UK ; Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
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Ahn YT, Shin IJ, Kim JM, Kim YS, Lee C, Ju SA, An WG. Counteracting the activation of pAkt by inhibition of MEK/Erk inhibition reduces actin disruption-mediated apoptosis in PTEN-null PC3M prostate cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:1383-1389. [PMID: 24179529 PMCID: PMC3813806 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is important in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and in signal transduction pathways leading to cell growth and apoptotic cell death in eukaryotic cells. Disruption of actin dynamics is associated with morphological changes in cancer cells. Deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis, leads to cytoskeleton disruption and double-strand breaks (DSBs). To study the mechanism(s) of actin disruption-mediated apoptosis and its potential application for anticancer therapy, PTEN-null PC3M prostate cancer cells were treated with latrunculin B (LB). LB induced destabilization of the actin microfilament and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by morphological changes and nuclear condensation in the PC3M cells. In addition, it resulted in an increase in the levels of γH2AX recruitment, implicating the induction of DNA damage, including DSBs. Induction of Bax, with little effect on Bcl-2 expression, indicated that actin disruption causes apoptosis through activation of Bax signaling in PC3M cells. Treatment with U20126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, resulted in attenuated induction of DSBs and apoptosis through activation of protein kinase B (Akt), suggesting that LB-mediated actin dysfunction induces DSBs via the MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) pathway in cells. Therefore, counteracting activation of phosphorylated Akt stemming from the inhibition of MEK/Erk resulted in attenuation of actin disruption-induced apoptotic events in the PC3M cells. The results of this study provide information not only for use in delineation of the molecular association between actin disruption and tumorigenesis, but also for the development of a strategy for actin-based anticancer chemotherapy against highly metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tae Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungdong University, Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do 219-832, Republic of Korea
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Overexpression of phosphatase and tensin homolog improves fitness and decreases Plasmodium falciparum development in Anopheles stephensi. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:775-87. [PMID: 23774695 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) cascade is highly conserved and regulates diverse physiological processes such as metabolism, lifespan, reproduction and immunity. Transgenic overexpression of Akt, a critical regulator of IIS, was previously shown to shorten mosquito lifespan and increase resistance to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. To further understand how IIS controls mosquito physiology and resistance to malaria parasite infection, we overexpressed an inhibitor of IIS, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), in the Anopheles stephensi midgut. PTEN overexpression inhibited phosphorylation of the IIS protein FOXO, an expected target for PTEN, in the midgut of A. stephensi. Further, PTEN overexpression extended mosquito lifespan and increased resistance to P. falciparum development. The reduction in parasite development did not appear to be due to alterations in an innate immune response, but rather was associated with increased expression of genes regulating autophagy and stem cell maintenance in the midgut and with enhanced midgut barrier integrity. In light of previous success in genetically targeting the IIS pathway to alter mosquito lifespan and malaria parasite transmission, these data confirm that multiple strategies to genetically manipulate IIS can be leveraged to generate fit, resistant mosquitoes for malaria control.
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Shi
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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26
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Roos WP, Kaina B. DNA damage-induced cell death: from specific DNA lesions to the DNA damage response and apoptosis. Cancer Lett 2012; 332:237-48. [PMID: 22261329 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA damaging agents are potent inducers of cell death triggered by apoptosis. Since these agents induce a plethora of different DNA lesions, it is firstly important to identify the specific lesions responsible for initiating apoptosis before the apoptotic executing pathways can be elucidated. Here, we describe specific DNA lesions that have been identified as apoptosis triggers, their repair and the signaling provoked by them. We discuss methylating agents such as temozolomide, ionizing radiation and cisplatin, all of them are important in cancer therapy. We show that the potentially lethal events for the cell are O(6)-methylguanine adducts that are converted by mismatch repair into DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), non-repaired N-methylpurines and abasic sites as well as bulky adducts that block DNA replication leading to DSBs that are also directly induced following ionizing radiation. Transcriptional inhibition may also contribute to apoptosis. Cells are equipped with sensors that detect DNA damage and relay the signal via kinases to executors, who on their turn evoke a process that inhibits cell cycle progression and provokes DNA repair or, if this fails, activate the receptor and/or mitochondrial apoptotic cascade. The main DNA damage recognition factors MRN and the PI3 kinases ATM, ATR and DNA-PK, which phosphorylate a multitude of proteins and thus induce the DNA damage response (DDR), will be discussed as well as the downstream players p53, NF-κB, Akt and survivin. We review data and models describing the signaling from DNA damage to the apoptosis executing machinery and discuss the complex interplay between cell survival and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynand P Roos
- Department of Toxicology, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
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