1
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Csergeová L, Krbušek D, Janoštiak R. CIP/KIP and INK4 families as hostages of oncogenic signaling. Cell Div 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38561743 PMCID: PMC10985988 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CIP/KIP and INK4 families of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) are well-established cell cycle regulatory proteins whose canonical function is binding to Cyclin-CDK complexes and altering their function. Initial experiments showed that these proteins negatively regulate cell cycle progression and thus are tumor suppressors in the context of molecular oncology. However, expanded research into the functions of these proteins showed that most of them have non-canonical functions, both cell cycle-dependent and independent, and can even act as tumor enhancers depending on their posttranslational modifications, subcellular localization, and cell state context. This review aims to provide an overview of canonical as well as non-canonical functions of CIP/KIP and INK4 families of CKIs, discuss the potential avenues to promote their tumor suppressor functions instead of tumor enhancing ones, and how they could be utilized to design improved treatment regimens for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Csergeová
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Krbušek
- BIOCEV-First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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2
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Bai F, Liu X, Zhang X, Mao Z, Wen H, Ma J, Pei XH. p18INK4C and BRCA1 inhibit follicular cell proliferation and dedifferentiation in thyroid cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1637-1653. [PMID: 37345432 PMCID: PMC10361144 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2225938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Only 3% of thyroid cancers are medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs), the rest are follicular epithelial cell derived non-MTCs (NMTCs). A dysfunctional INK4-CDK4-RB pathway is detected in most of NMTCs. DNA repair defects and genome instability are associated with NMTC dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. Whether inactivation of the INK4-CDK4-RB pathway induces NMTCs and how differentiation of NMTC cells is controlled remain elusive. In this study, we generated p18Ink4c and Brca1 singly and doubly deficient mice as well as p16Ink4a and Brca1 singly and doubly deficient mice. By using these mice and human thyroid carcinoma cell lines, we discovered that loss of p18Ink4c, not p16Ink4a, in mice stimulated follicular cell proliferation and induced NMTCs. Depletion of Brca1 alone or both p16Ink4a and Brca1 did not induce thyroid tumor. Depletion of Brca1 in p18Ink4c null mice results in poorly differentiated and aggressive NMTCs with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features and enhanced DNA damage. Knockdown of BRCA1 in thyroid carcinoma cells activated EMT and promoted tumorigenesis whereas overexpression of BRCA1 inhibited EMT. BRCA1 and EMT marker expression were inversely related in human thyroid cancers. Our finding, for the first time, demonstrates that inactivation of INK4-CDK4-RB pathway induces NMTCs and that Brca1 deficiency promotes dedifferentiation of NMTC cells. These results suggest that BRCA1 and p18INK4C collaboratively suppress thyroid tumorigenesis and progression and CDK4 inhibitors will be effective for treatment of INK4-inactivated or cyclin D-overexpressed thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Mao
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinshan Ma
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Dewitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Taverniti V, Krynska H, Venuti A, Straub ML, Sirand C, Lohmann E, Romero-Medina MC, Moro S, Robitaille A, Negroni L, Martinez-Zapien D, Masson M, Tommasino M, Zanier K. The E2F4/p130 Repressor Complex Cooperates with Oncogenic ΔNp73α To Inhibit Gene Expression in Human Papillomavirus 38 E6/E7-Transformed Keratinocytes and in Cancer Cells. mSphere 2023; 8:e0005623. [PMID: 36883841 PMCID: PMC10117100 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00056-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 and its related proteins, p63 and p73, can be synthesized as multiple isoforms lacking part of the N- or C-terminal regions. Specifically, high expression of the ΔNp73α isoform is notoriously associated with various human malignancies characterized by poor prognosis. This isoform is also accumulated by oncogenic viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), as well as genus beta human papillomaviruses (HPV) that appear to be involved in carcinogenesis. To gain additional insight into ΔNp73α mechanisms, we have performed proteomics analyses using human keratinocytes transformed by the E6 and E7 proteins of the beta-HPV type 38 virus as an experimental model (38HK). We find that ΔNp73α associates with the E2F4/p130 repressor complex through a direct interaction with E2F4. This interaction is favored by the N-terminal truncation of p73 characteristic of ΔNp73 isoforms. Moreover, it is independent of the C-terminal splicing status, suggesting that it could represent a general feature of ΔNp73 isoforms (α, β, γ, δ, ε, ζ, θ, η, and η1). We show that the ΔNp73α-E2F4/p130 complex inhibits the expression of specific genes, including genes encoding for negative regulators of proliferation, both in 38HK and in HPV-negative cancer-derived cell lines. Such genes are not inhibited by E2F4/p130 in primary keratinocytes lacking ΔNp73α, indicating that the interaction with ΔNp73α rewires the E2F4 transcriptional program. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized a novel transcriptional regulatory complex with potential implications in oncogenesis. IMPORTANCE The TP53 gene is mutated in about 50% of human cancers. In contrast, the TP63 and TP73 genes are rarely mutated but rather expressed as ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 isoforms in a wide range of malignancies, where they act as p53 antagonists. Accumulation of ΔNp63 and ΔNp73, which is associated with chemoresistance, can result from infection by oncogenic viruses such as EBV or HPV. Our study focuses on the highly carcinogenic ΔNp73α isoform and uses a viral model of cellular transformation. We unveil a physical interaction between ΔNp73α and the E2F4/p130 complex involved in cell cycle control, which rewires the E2F4/p130 transcriptional program. Our work shows that ΔNp73 isoforms can establish interactions with proteins that do not bind to the TAp73α tumor suppressor. This situation is analogous to the gain-of-function interactions of p53 mutants supporting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Taverniti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Hanna Krynska
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Assunta Venuti
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Laure Straub
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Cécilia Sirand
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eugenie Lohmann
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Stefano Moro
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Negroni
- Proteomics platform, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/INSERM U964/CNRS UMR 7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Denise Martinez-Zapien
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | - Murielle Masson
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Katia Zanier
- Biotechnology and Cell Signaling (CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7242), Ecole Superieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch, France
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D'costa M, Bothe A, Das S, Udhaya Kumar S, Gnanasambandan R, George Priya Doss C. CDK regulators—Cell cycle progression or apoptosis—Scenarios in normal cells and cancerous cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:125-177. [PMID: 37061330 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) interact with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) to control the catalytic activity. CDKs are essential controllers of RNA transcription and cell cycle advancement. The ubiquitous overactivity of the cell cycle CDKs is caused by a number of genetic and epigenetic processes in human cancer, and their suppression can result in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review focused on CDKs, describing their kinase activity, their role in phosphorylation inhibition, and CDK inhibitory proteins (CIP/KIP, INK 4, RPIC). We next compared the role of different CDKs, mainly p21, p27, p57, p16, p15, p18, and p19, in the cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer cells with respect to normal cells. The current work also draws attention to the use of CDKIs as therapeutics, overcoming the pharmacokinetic barriers of pan-CDK inhibitors, analyze new chemical classes that are effective at attacking the CDKs that control the cell cycle (cdk4/6 or cdk2). It also discusses CDKI's drawbacks and its combination therapy against cancer patients. These findings collectively demonstrate the complexity of cancer cell cycles and the need for targeted therapeutic intervention. In order to slow the progression of the disease or enhance clinical outcomes, new medicines may be discovered by researching the relationship between cell death and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'costa
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Bothe
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Gnanasambandan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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6
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PUMILIO proteins promote colorectal cancer growth via suppressing p21. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1627. [PMID: 35338151 PMCID: PMC8956581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PUMILIO (PUM) proteins belong to the highly conserved PUF family post-transcriptional regulators involved in diverse biological processes. However, their function in carcinogenesis remains under-explored. Here, we report that Pum1 and Pum2 display increased expression in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Intestine-specific knockout of Pum1 and Pum2 in mice significantly inhibits the progression of colitis-associated cancer in the AOM/DSS model. Knockout or knockdown of Pum1 and/or Pum2 in human CRC cells result in a significant decrease in the tumorigenicity and delayed G1/S transition. We identify p21/Cdkn1a as a direct target of PUM1. Abrogation of the PUM1 binding site in the p21 mRNA also results in decreased cancer cell growth and delayed G1/S transition. Furthermore, intravenous injection of nanoparticle-encapsulated anti-Pum1 and Pum2 siRNAs reduces colorectal tumor growth in murine orthotopic colon cancer models. These findings reveal the requirement of PUM proteins for CRC progression and their potential as therapeutic targets. RNA binding proteins can contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and development. Here the authors show that PUMILIO proteins, PUM1 and PUM2 contribute to CRC growth by inhibiting p21 expression.
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7
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Amani J, Gorjizadeh N, Younesi S, Najafi M, Ashrafi AM, Irian S, Gorjizadeh N, Azizian K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) and the DNA damage response: The link between signaling pathways and cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103103. [PMID: 33812232 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At the cellular level, DNA repair mechanisms are crucial in maintaining both genomic integrity and stability. DNA damage appears to be a central culprit in tumor onset and progression. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory partners coordinate the cell cycle progression. Aberrant CDK activity has been linked to a variety of cancers through deregulation of cell-cycle control. Besides DNA damaging agents and chromosome instability (CIN), disruptions in the levels of cell cycle regulators including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) would result in unscheduled proliferation and cell division. The INK4 and Cip/Kip (CDK interacting protein/kinase inhibitor protein) family of CDKI proteins are involved in cell cycle regulation, transcription regulation, apoptosis, and cell migration. A thorough understanding of how these CDKIs regulate the DNA damage response through multiple signaling pathways may provide an opportunity to design efficient treatment strategies to inhibit carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, System Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassim Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Mojtaba Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
| | - Arash M Ashrafi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saeed Irian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Gorjizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
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8
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Han X, Kuang Y, Chen H, Liu T, Zhang J, Liu J. p19INK4d: More than Just a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:96-102. [PMID: 31400265 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190809161901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) are important cell cycle regulators. The CDKI family is composed of the INK4 family and the CIP/KIP family. p19INK4d belongs to the INK4 gene family and is involved in a series of normal physiological activities and the pathogenesis of diseases. Many factors play regulatory roles in the p19INK4d gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. p19INK4d not only regulates the cell cycle but also plays regulatory roles in apoptosis, DNA damage repair, cell differentiation of hematopoietic cells, and cellular senescence. In this review, the regulatory network of the p19INK4d gene expression and its biological functions are summarized, which provides a basis for further study of p19INK4d as a drug target for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yijin Kuang
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huiyong Chen
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Kuang Y, Han X, Cao P, Xiong D, Peng Y, Liu Z, Xu Z, Liang L, Roy M, Liu J, Nie L, Zhang J. p19 INK4d inhibits proliferation and enhances imatinib efficacy through BCR-ABL signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 85:102477. [PMID: 32711219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a kind of myeloproliferative disorder caused by a constitutively active BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), imatinib and its derivatives, have achieved great progress in the treatment of CML. However, many CML patients do not respond to TKIs alone. p19INK4d, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, plays important roles in proliferation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and cell differentiation, but its role in CML is unknown. Herein, we found that the expression of p19INK4d in CML patients was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. p19INK4d overexpression inhibits cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest, and cooperates with imatinib to inhibit CML more effectively in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, p19INK4d decreased the expression of BCR-ABL and its downstream molecules p-Mek1/2, moreover, the expression of Gli-1, c-myc, MUC1, Shh and TC48 also reduced significantly. Collectively, p19INK4d inhibits proliferation and enhances imatinib efficacy in the treatment of CML. These findings maybe have implications for developing potential targets to increase imatinib sensitivity for CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Kuang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Pengfei Cao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Dehui Xiong
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Zhenru Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China
| | - Long Liang
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Erythropoiesis Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of South China University, Hengyang 421000, China.
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10
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Xekouki P, Brennand A, Whitelaw B, Pacak K, Stratakis CA. The 3PAs: An Update on the Association of Pheochromocytomas, Paragangliomas, and Pituitary Tumors. Horm Metab Res 2019; 51:419-436. [PMID: 30273935 PMCID: PMC7448524 DOI: 10.1055/a-0661-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas (PA) and pheochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumors. Although they may co-exist by coincidence, there is mounting evidence that genes predisposing in PHEO/PGL development, may play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis. In 2012, we described a GH-secreting PA caused by an SDHD mutation in a patient with familial PGLs and found loss of heterozygosity at the SDHD locus in the pituitary tumor, along with increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels. Additional patients with PAs and SDHx defects have since been reported. Overall, prevalence of SDHx mutations in PA is very rare (0.3-1.8% in unselected cases) but we and others have identified several cases of PAs with PHEOs/PGLs, like our original report, a condition which we termed the 3 P association (3PAs). Interestingly, when 3PAs is found in the sporadic setting, no SDHx defects were identified, whereas in familial PGLs, SDHx mutations were identified in 62.5-75% of the reported cases. Hence, pituitary surveillance is recommended among patients with SDHx defects. It is possible that the SDHx germline mutation-negative 3PAs cases may be due to another gene, epigenetic changes, mutations in modifier genes, mosaicism, somatic mutations, pituitary hyperplasia due to ectopic hypothalamic hormone secretion or a coincidence. PA in 3PAs are mainly macroadenomas, more aggressive, more resistant to somatostatin analogues, and often require surgery. Using the Sdhb +/- mouse model, we showed that hyperplasia may be the first abnormality in tumorigenesis as initial response to pseudohypoxia. We also propose surveillance and follow-up approach of patients presenting with this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Xekouki
- Department of Endocrinology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Brennand
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Whitelaw
- Department of Endocrinology, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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Olarescu NC, Perez-Rivas LG, Gatto F, Cuny T, Tichomirowa MA, Tamagno G, Gahete MD. Aggressive and Malignant Prolactinomas. Neuroendocrinology 2019; 109:57-69. [PMID: 30677777 DOI: 10.1159/000497205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolactin-secreting tumors (prolactinomas) represent the most common pituitary tumor type, accounting for 47-66% of functional pituitary tumors. Prolactinomas are usually benign and controllable tumors as they express abundant levels of dopamine type 2 receptor (D2), and can be treated with dopaminergic drugs, effectively reducing prolactin levels and tumor volume. However, a proportion of prolactinomas exhibit aggressive features (including invasiveness, relevant growth despite adequate dopamine agonist treatment, and recurrence potential) and few may exhibit metastasizing potential (carcinomas). In this context, the clinical, pathological, and molecular definitions of malignant and aggressive prolactinomas remain to be clearly defined, as primary prolactin-secreting carcinomas are similar to aggressive adenomas until the presence of metastases is detected. Indeed, standard molecular and histological analyses do not reflect differences between carcinomas and adenomas at a first glance and have limitations in prediction of the aggressive progression of prolactinomas, wherein the causes underlying the aggressive behavior remain unknown. Herein we present a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the most relevant epidemiological, clinical, pathological, genetic, biochemical, and molecular aspects of aggressive and malignant prolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Cristina Olarescu
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luis G Perez-Rivas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Federico Gatto
- Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thomas Cuny
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital de la Conception, Inserm U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, APHM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Maria A Tichomirowa
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier du Nord, Ettelbruck, Luxembourg
| | - Gianluca Tamagno
- Department of Endocrinology/Diabetes Mellitus, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain,
- Universidad de Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain,
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain,
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12
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Gahete MD, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Alors-Perez E, Herrero-Aguayo V, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Mouse models in endocrine tumors. J Endocrinol 2018; 240:JOE-18-0571.R1. [PMID: 30475226 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors comprise a highly heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can arise from (neuro)endocrine cells, either from endocrine glands or from the widespread diffuse neuroendocrine system, and, consequently, are widely distributed throughout the body. Due to their diversity, heterogeneity and limited incidence, studying in detail the molecular and genetic alterations that underlie their development and progression is still a highly elusive task. This, in turn, hinders the discovery of novel therapeutic options for these tumors. To circumvent these limitations, numerous mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors have been developed, characterized and used in pre-clinical, co-clinical (implemented in mouse models and patients simultaneously) and post-clinical studies, for they represent powerful and necessary tools in basic and translational tumor biology research. Indeed, different in vivo mouse models, including cell line-based xenografts (CDXs), patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMs), have been used to delineate the development, progression and behavior of human tumors. Results gained with these in vivo models have facilitated the clinical application in patients of diverse breakthrough discoveries made in this field. Herein, we review the generation, characterization and translatability of the most prominent mouse models of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors reported to date, as well as the most relevant clinical implications obtained for each endocrine and neuroendocrine tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel D Gahete
- M Gahete, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, 14011, Spain
| | - Juan M Jimenez-Vacas
- J Jimenez-Vacas, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Emilia Alors-Perez
- E Alors-Perez, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Inmunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC) / University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- V Herrero-Aguayo, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C Fuentes-Fayos
- A Fuentes-Fayos, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- S Pedraza-Arevalo, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- J Castaño, Dpt. of Cell Biology-University of Córdoba, IMIBIC-Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, Cordoba, E-14004, Spain
| | - Raul M Luque
- R Luque, Dept of Cell Biology, Phisiology and Inmunology, Section of Cell Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain, Cordoba, 14014, Spain
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13
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Juengel E, Maxeiner S, Rutz J, Justin S, Roos F, Khoder W, Tsaur I, Nelson K, Bechstein WO, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane inhibits proliferation and invasive activity of everolimus-resistant kidney cancer cells in vitro. Oncotarget 2018; 7:85208-85219. [PMID: 27863441 PMCID: PMC5356730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus, has improved the outcome of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), improvement is temporary due to the development of drug resistance. Since many patients encountering resistance turn to alternative/complementary treatment options, an investigation was initiated to evaluate whether the natural compound, sulforaphane (SFN), influences growth and invasive activity of everolimus-resistant (RCCres) compared to everolimus-sensitive (RCCpar) RCC cell lines in vitro. RCC cells were exposed to different concentrations of SFN and cell growth, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell cycle regulating proteins, the mTOR-akt signaling axis, adhesion to human vascular endothelium and immobilized collagen, chemotactic activity, and influence on surface integrin receptor expression were investigated. SFN caused a significant reduction in both RCCres and RCCpar cell growth and proliferation, which correlated with an elevation in G2/M- and S-phase cells. SFN induced a marked decrease in the cell cycle activating proteins cdk1 and cyclin B and siRNA knock-down of cdk1 and cyclin B resulted in significantly diminished RCC cell growth. SFN also modulated adhesion and chemotaxis, which was associated with reduced expression of the integrin subtypes α5, α6, and β4. Distinct differences were seen in RCCres adhesion and chemotaxis (diminished by SFN) and RCCpar adhesion (enhanced by SFN) and chemotaxis (not influenced by SFN). Functional blocking of integrin subtypes demonstrated divergent action on RCC binding and invasion, depending on RCC cell sensitivity to everolimus. Therefore, SFN administration could hold potential for treating RCC patients with established resistance towards everolimus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Current address: Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Saira Justin
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik Roos
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wael Khoder
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Nelson
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wolf O Bechstein
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Kero D, Vukojevic K, Stazic P, Sundov D, Mardesic Brakus S, Saraga-Babic M. Regulation of proliferation in developing human tooth germs by MSX homeodomain proteins and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19 INK4d. Organogenesis 2017; 13:141-155. [PMID: 28933666 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2017.1358337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the secretion of hard dental tissues, tooth germs undergo several distinctive stages of development (dental lamina, bud, cap and bell). Every stage is characterized by specific proliferation patterns, which is regulated by various morphogens, growth factors and homeodomain proteins. The role of MSX homeodomain proteins in odontogenesis is rather complex. Expression domains of genes encoding for murine Msx1/2 during development are observed in tissues containing highly proliferative progenitor cells. Arrest of tooth development in Msx knockout mice can be attributed to impaired proliferation of progenitor cells. In Msx1 knockout mice, these progenitor cells start to differentiate prematurely as they strongly express cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19INK4d. p19INK4d induces terminal differentiation of cells by blocking the cell cycle in mitogen-responsive G1 phase. Direct suppression of p19INK4d by Msx1 protein is, therefore, important for maintaining proliferation of progenitor cells at levels required for the normal progression of tooth development. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of MSX1, MSX2 and p19INK4d in human incisor tooth germs during the bud, cap and early bell stages of development. The distribution of expression domains of p19INK4d throughout the investigated period indicates that p19INK4d plays active role during human tooth development. Furthermore, comparison of expression domains of p19INK4d with those of MSX1, MSX2 and proliferation markers Ki67, Cyclin A2 and pRb, indicates that MSX-mediated regulation of proliferation in human tooth germs might not be executed by the mechanism similar to one described in developing tooth germs of wild-type mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Kero
- a Laboratory for Early Human Development, Study Program of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- b Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Petra Stazic
- c Study Program of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Danijela Sundov
- d Laboratory for Early Human Development, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Snjezana Mardesic Brakus
- d Laboratory for Early Human Development, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- b Laboratory for Early Human Development, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine , University of Split , Split , Croatia
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15
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Han X, Liu J. Cell cycle-independent roles of p19 INK4d in human terminal erythropoiesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:22. [PMID: 28228163 PMCID: PMC5322582 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, P. R. China.
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16
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Scott A, Bai F, Chan HL, Liu S, Ma J, Slingerland JM, Robbins DJ, Capobianco AJ, Pei XH. p16INK4a suppresses BRCA1-deficient mammary tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:84496-84507. [PMID: 27811360 PMCID: PMC5356676 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence prevents the proliferation of genomically damaged, but otherwise replication competent cells at risk of neoplastic transformation. p16INK4A (p16), an inhibitor of CDK4 and CDK6, plays a critical role in controlling cellular senescence in multiple organs. Functional inactivation of p16 by gene mutation and promoter methylation is frequently detected in human breast cancers. However, deleting p16 in mice or targeting DNA methylation within the murine p16 promoter does not result in mammary tumorigenesis. How loss of p16 contributes to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo is not fully understood.In this article, we reported that disruption of Brca1 in the mammary epithelium resulted in premature senescence that was rescued by p16 loss. We found that p16 loss transformed Brca1-deficient mammary epithelial cells and induced mammary tumors, though p16 loss alone was not sufficient to induce mammary tumorigenesis. We demonstrated that loss of both p16 and Brca1 led to metastatic, basal-like, mammary tumors with the induction of EMT and an enrichment of tumor initiating cells. We discovered that promoter methylation silenced p16 expression in most of the tumors developed in mice heterozygous for p16 and lacking Brca1. These data not only identified the function of p16 in suppressing BRCA1-deficient mammary tumorigenesis, but also revealed a collaborative effect of genetic mutation of p16 and epigenetic silencing of its transcription in promoting tumorigenesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genetic evidence directly showing that p16 which is frequently deleted and inactivated in human breast cancers, collaborates with Brca1 controlling mammary tumorigenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- BRCA1 Protein/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Scott
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Feng Bai
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ho Lam Chan
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Shiqin Liu
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jinshan Ma
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute, Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David J. Robbins
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anthony J. Capobianco
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xin-Hai Pei
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Sheila and David Fuente Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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17
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Unexpected role for p19INK4d in posttranscriptional regulation of GATA1 and modulation of human terminal erythropoiesis. Blood 2016; 129:226-237. [PMID: 27879259 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-09-739268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal erythroid differentiation is tightly coordinated with cell-cycle exit, which is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI), yet their roles in erythropoiesis remain to be fully defined. We show here that p19INK4d, a member of CDKI family, is abundantly expressed in erythroblasts and that p19INK4d knockdown delayed erythroid differentiation, inhibited cell growth, and led to increased apoptosis and generation of abnormally nucleated late-stage erythroblasts. Unexpectedly, p19INK4d knockdown did not affect cell cycle. Rather, it led to decreased expression of GATA1 protein. Importantly, the differentiation and nuclear defects were rescued by ectopic expression of GATA1. Because the GATA1 protein is protected by nuclear heat shock protein family (HSP) member HSP70, we examined the effects of p19INK4d knockdown on HSP70 and found that p19INK4d knockdown led to decreased expression of HSP70 and its nuclear localization. The reduced levels of HSP70 are the result of reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Further biochemical analysis revealed that p19INK4d directly binds to Raf kinase inhibitor PEBP1 and that p19INK4d knockdown increased the expression of PEBP1, which in turn led to reduced ERK activation. Thus we have identified an unexpected role for p19INK4d via a novel PEBP1-p-ERK-HSP70-GATA1 pathway. These findings are likely to have implications for improved understanding of disordered erythropoiesis.
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18
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Ma Q, Grati M, Bai F, Pei J, Pei XH, Liu X. Rescue from early-onset hearing loss in a mouse model lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p19Ink4d. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2131. [PMID: 26962681 PMCID: PMC4823939 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M Grati
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - F Bai
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - J Pei
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - X-H Pei
- Molecular Oncology Program, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology (D-48), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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19
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Lines KE, Stevenson M, Thakker RV. Animal models of pituitary neoplasia. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 421:68-81. [PMID: 26320859 PMCID: PMC4721536 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary neoplasias can occur as part of a complex inherited disorder, or more commonly as sporadic (non-familial) disease. Studies of the molecular and genetic mechanisms causing such pituitary tumours have identified dysregulation of >35 genes, with many revealed by studies in mice, rats and zebrafish. Strategies used to generate these animal models have included gene knockout, gene knockin and transgenic over-expression, as well as chemical mutagenesis and drug induction. These animal models provide an important resource for investigation of tissue-specific tumourigenic mechanisms, and evaluations of novel therapies, illustrated by studies into multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), a hereditary syndrome in which ∼ 30% of patients develop pituitary adenomas. This review describes animal models of pituitary neoplasia that have been generated, together with some recent advances in gene editing technologies, and an illustration of the use of the Men1 mouse as a pre clinical model for evaluating novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - M Stevenson
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - R V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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20
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Xekouki P, Szarek E, Bullova P, Giubellino A, Quezado M, Mastroyannis SA, Mastorakos P, Wassif CA, Raygada M, Rentia N, Dye L, Cougnoux A, Koziol D, Sierra MDLL, Lyssikatos C, Belyavskaya E, Malchoff C, Moline J, Eng C, Maher LJ, Pacak K, Lodish M, Stratakis CA. Pituitary adenoma with paraganglioma/pheochromocytoma (3PAs) and succinate dehydrogenase defects in humans and mice. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E710-9. [PMID: 25695889 PMCID: PMC4422891 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Germline mutations in genes coding succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunits A, B, C, and D have been identified in familial paragangliomas (PGLs)/pheochromocytomas (PHEOs) and other tumors. We described a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma (PA) caused by SDHD mutation in a patient with familial PGLs. Additional patients with PAs and SDHx defects have since been reported. DESIGN We studied 168 patients with unselected sporadic PA and with the association of PAs, PGLs, and/or pheochromocytomas, a condition we named the 3P association (3PAs) for SDHx germline mutations. We also studied the pituitary gland and hormonal profile of Sdhb(+/-) mice and their wild-type littermates at different ages. RESULTS No SDHx mutations were detected among sporadic PA, whereas three of four familial cases were positive for a mutation (75%). Most of the SDHx-deficient PAs were either prolactinomas or somatotropinomas. Pituitaries of Sdhb(+/-) mice older than 12 months had an increased number mainly of prolactin-secreting cells and several ultrastructural abnormalities such as intranuclear inclusions, altered chromatin nuclear pattern, and abnormal mitochondria. Igf-1 levels of mutant mice tended to be higher across age groups, whereas Prl and Gh levels varied according to age and sex. CONCLUSION The present study confirms the existence of a new association that we termed 3PAs. It is due mostly to germline SDHx defects, although sporadic cases of 3PAs without SDHx defects also exist. Using Sdhb(+/-) mice, we provide evidence that pituitary hyperplasia in SDHx-deficient cells may be the initial abnormality in the cascade of events leading to PA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Xekouki
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics (P.X., E.S., S.A.M., P.M., M.R., N.R., M.d.L.L.S., C.L., E.B., M.L., C.A.S.), Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology (P.B., A.G.), Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Section on Molecular Dysmorphology (C.A.W., A.C.), Program in Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Microscopy and Imaging Core (L.D.), Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Pathology (A.G., M.Q., K.P.), National Cancer Institute, and Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service (D.K.), Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Department of Endocrinology (C.M.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030; Genomic Medicine Institute (J.M., C.E.), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.J.M.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; and Department of Molecular Medicine (P.B.), Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
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