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Yeremenko N, Danger R, Baeten D, Tomilin A, Brouard S. Transcriptional regulator BOB.1: Molecular mechanisms and emerging role in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102833. [PMID: 33864944 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes constitute an essential and potent effector compartment of the immune system. Therefore, their development and functions must be strictly regulated to avoid inappropriate immune responses, such as autoimmune reactions. Several lines of evidence from genetics (e.g. association with multiple sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis), human expression studies (e.g. increased expression in target tissues and draining lymph nodes of patients with autoimmune diseases), animal models (e.g. loss of functional protein protects animals from the development of collagen-induced arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type 1 diabetes, bleomycin-induced fibrosis) strongly support a causal link between the aberrant expression of the lymphocyte-restricted transcriptional regulator BOB.1 and the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of unusual structural and functional plasticity of BOB.1, stringent regulation of its expression, and the pivotal role that BOB.1 plays in shaping B- and T-cell responses. We discuss recent developments highlighting the significant contribution of BOB.1 to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and how to leverage our knowledge to target this regulator to treat autoimmune tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexey Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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Hirakawa M, Nagakubo D, Kanzler B, Avilov S, Krauth B, Happe C, Swann JB, Nusser A, Boehm T. Fundamental parameters of the developing thymic epithelium in the mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11095. [PMID: 30038304 PMCID: PMC6056470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The numbers of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) and thymocytes steadily increase during embryogenesis. To examine this dynamic, we generated several TEC-specific transgenic mouse lines, which express fluorescent proteins in the nucleus, the cytosol and in the membranes under the control of the Foxn1 promoter. These tools enabled us to determine TEC numbers in tissue sections by confocal fluorescent microscopy, and in the intact organ by light-sheet microscopy. Compared to histological procedures, flow cytometric analysis of thymic cellularity is shown to underestimate the numbers of TECs by one order of magnitude; using enzymatic digestion of thymic tissue, the loss of cortical TECs (cTECs) is several fold greater than that of medullary TECs (mTECs), although different cTEC subsets appear to be still present in the final preparation. Novel reporter lines driven by Psmb11 and Prss16 promoters revealed the trajectory of differentiation of cTEC-like cells, and, owing to the additional facility of conditional cell ablation, allowed us to follow the recovery of such cells after their depletion during embryogenesis. Multiparametric histological analyses indicate that the new transgenic reporter lines not only reveal the unique morphologies of different TEC subsets, but are also conducive to the analysis of the complex cellular interactions in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirakawa
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-8524, Japan
| | - Benoît Kanzler
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergiy Avilov
- Imaging Facility, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Krauth
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Happe
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jeremy B Swann
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anja Nusser
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108, Freiburg, Germany.
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Dahmene M, Bérard M, Oueslati A. Dissecting the Molecular Pathway Involved in PLK2 Kinase-mediated α-Synuclein-selective Autophagic Degradation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:3919-3928. [PMID: 28154193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.759373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing lines of evidence support the causal link between α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the brain and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Therefore, lowering α-syn protein levels may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD and related disorders. We recently described a novel selective α-syn degradation pathway, catalyzed by the activity of the Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2), capable of reducing α-syn protein expression and suppressing its toxicity in vivo However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying this degradation route remain elusive. In the present study we report that among PLK family members, PLK3 is also able to catalyze α-syn phosphorylation and degradation in living cells. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we confirmed the implication of the macroautophagy on PLK2-mediated α-syn turnover, and our observations suggest a concomitant co-degradation of these two proteins. Moreover, we showed that the N-terminal region of α-syn is important for PLK2-mediated α-syn phosphorylation and degradation and is implicated in the physical interaction between the two proteins. We also demonstrated that PLK2 polyubiquitination is important for PLK2·α-syn protein complex degradation, and we hypothesize that this post-translational modification may act as a signal for the selective recognition by the macroautophagy machinery. Finally, we observed that the PD-linked mutation E46K enhances PLK2-mediated α-syn degradation, suggesting that this mutated form is a bona fide substrate of this degradation pathway. In conclusion, our study provides a detailed description of the new degradation route of α-syn and offers new opportunities for the development of therapeutic strategies aiming to reduce α-syn protein accumulation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Dahmene
- From the CHU de Quebec Research Center, Axe Neuroscience and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Morgan Bérard
- From the CHU de Quebec Research Center, Axe Neuroscience and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
| | - Abid Oueslati
- From the CHU de Quebec Research Center, Axe Neuroscience and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V4G2, Canada
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Yamashita K, Kawata K, Matsumiya H, Kamekura R, Jitsukawa S, Nagaya T, Ogasawara N, Takano KI, Kubo T, Kimura S, Shigehara K, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Bob1 limits cellular frequency of T-follicular helper cells. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1361-70. [PMID: 27080143 PMCID: PMC5084739 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are involved in specific humoral immunity at initial and recall phases. The fact that the transcription repressors B‐cell lymphoma‐6 and Blimp‐1 determine lineages of Tfh cells and other types of effector CD4+ T cells, respectively, suggests that there are unique mechanisms to establish Tfh‐cell identity. In this study, we found that Tfh cells preferentially express the transcriptional coactivator Bob1. Bob1 of Tfh cells was dispensable for the expression of B‐cell lymphoma‐6 and the functional property of the cells for B cell help. However, upon initial immunization of foreign antigens, the percentages of Tfh cells in Bob1−/− mice were much higher than those in wild‐type (WT) mice. In addition, expansion of Tfh cells within Bob1−/−CD4+ T cells transferred into WT mice revealed that the high frequency of Tfh cells was caused by a T‐cell‐intrinsic mechanism. These findings were further supported by the results of in vitro studies demonstrating that Bob1−/− Tfh cells had greater proliferative activity in response to stimuli by CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibody and were also refractory to CD3‐induced cell death in comparison to WT Tfh cells. These results suggest that Tfh cells harbor a Bob1‐related mechanism to restrict numerical frequency against stimulation of TCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nagaya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriko Ogasawara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Kimura
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hokkaido Medical Center for Child Health and Rehabilitation, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shigehara
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Rezaei N, Azizi G, Hammarström L, Aghamohammadi A. Evaluation of Known Defective Signaling-Associated Molecules in Patients Who Primarily Diagnosed as Common Variable Immunodeficiency. Int Rev Immunol 2016; 35:7-24. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1136306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sánchez-Lanzas R, Castaño JG. Proteins directly interacting with mammalian 20S proteasomal subunits and ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation. Biomolecules 2014; 4:1140-54. [PMID: 25534281 PMCID: PMC4279173 DOI: 10.3390/biom4041140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian 20S proteasome is a heterodimeric cylindrical complex (α7β7β7α7), composed of four rings each composed of seven different α or β subunits with broad proteolytic activity. We review the mammalian proteins shown to directly interact with specific 20S proteasomal subunits and those subjected to ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation (UIPD). The published reports of proteins that interact with specific proteasomal subunits, and others found on interactome databases and those that are degraded by a UIPD mechanism, overlap by only a few protein members. Therefore, systematic studies of the specificity of the interactions, the elucidation of the protein regions implicated in the interactions (that may or may not be followed by degradation) and competition experiments between proteins known to interact with the same proteasomal subunit, are needed. Those studies should provide a coherent picture of the molecular mechanisms governing the interactions of cellular proteins with proteasomal subunits, and their relevance to cell proteostasis and cell functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Sánchez-Lanzas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - José G Castaño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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Lindner JM, Kayo H, Hedlund S, Fukuda Y, Fukao T, Nielsen PJ. Cutting edge: The transcription factor Bob1 counteracts B cell activation and regulates miR-146a in B cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4483-6. [PMID: 24719463 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mice lacking the lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Bob1 (also called OBF-1 or OCA-B) fail to generate germinal centers and a robust Ig response. We show that peripheral B cells in Bob1(-/-) mice bear characteristics of chronically activated or anergic-like B cells and identify the immunosuppressive microRNA-146a, together with other microRNAs, as novel transcriptional targets of Bob1. The inability to restrict B cell signaling could contribute to the immunodeficient phenotype of these mice and is consistent with an important role for Bob1 in suppressing B cell activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Lindner
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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