1
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Ray D, Laverty KU, Jolma A, Nie K, Samson R, Pour SE, Tam CL, von Krosigk N, Nabeel-Shah S, Albu M, Zheng H, Perron G, Lee H, Najafabadi H, Blencowe B, Greenblatt J, Morris Q, Hughes TR. RNA-binding proteins that lack canonical RNA-binding domains are rarely sequence-specific. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5238. [PMID: 37002329 PMCID: PMC10066285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32245-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) crosslink to cellular mRNA. Among these are numerous unconventional RBPs (ucRBPs)-proteins that associate with RNA but lack known RNA-binding domains (RBDs). The vast majority of ucRBPs have uncharacterized RNA-binding specificities. We analyzed 492 human ucRBPs for intrinsic RNA-binding in vitro and identified 23 that bind specific RNA sequences. Most (17/23), including 8 ribosomal proteins, were previously associated with RNA-related function. We identified the RBDs responsible for sequence-specific RNA-binding for several of these 23 ucRBPs and surveyed whether corresponding domains from homologous proteins also display RNA sequence specificity. CCHC-zf domains from seven human proteins recognized specific RNA motifs, indicating that this is a major class of RBD. For Nudix, HABP4, TPR, RanBP2-zf, and L7Ae domains, however, only isolated members or closely related homologs yielded motifs, consistent with RNA-binding as a derived function. The lack of sequence specificity for most ucRBPs is striking, and we suggest that many may function analogously to chromatin factors, which often crosslink efficiently to cellular DNA, presumably via indirect recruitment. Finally, we show that ucRBPs tend to be highly abundant proteins and suggest their identification in RNA interactome capture studies could also result from weak nonspecific interactions with RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashish Ray
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kaitlin U Laverty
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Arttu Jolma
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kate Nie
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Reuben Samson
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sara E Pour
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cyrus L Tam
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niklas von Krosigk
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Syed Nabeel-Shah
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mihai Albu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Perron
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Hyunmin Lee
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Hamed Najafabadi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- McGill Genome Centre, Montréal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jack Greenblatt
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Quaid Morris
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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2
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Wang L, Xu X, Zhang Z, Li K, Yang Y, Zheng W, Sun H, Chen S. Transcriptome analysis and protein-protein interaction in resistant and susceptible families of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) to understand the mechanism against Edwardsiella tarda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 123:265-281. [PMID: 35272057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most harmful bacterial pathogens for aquaculture flatfish. After artificial infection of 47 Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) families, resistant and susceptible families were identified in this study. High-throughput sequencing was performed on the liver transcriptome of uninfected groups (PoRU and PoSU) and infected groups (PoRC and PoSC). Through assembly and annotation, a total of 3012 and 1386 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in PoRU vs. PoSU and PoRC vs. PoSC. The significant enrichment pathways between PoRU and PoSU were mainly in metabolic and biosynthesis pathways. A total of thirty dominant enrichment pathways between PoRC and PoSC mainly focused on some immune-related pathways, including the hematopoietic cell lineage, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, antigen processing and presentation, the intestinal immune network for immunoglobulin A (IgA) production and T/B cell receptor signaling pathway. Under the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, hub genes, including CD molecules, complement component factors and chemokines, were identified in the network, and 16 core genes were differentially expressed in resistant and sustainable families in quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) validation. This study represents the first transcriptome analysis based on resistant and susceptible families and provides resistant genes to understand the potential molecular mechanisms of antibacterial function in marine fish. The results obtained in this study provide crucial information on gene markers for resistant breeding of Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Kaimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yingming Yang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hejun Sun
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Höfler S, Lukat P, Blankenfeldt W, Carlomagno T. Eukaryotic Box C/D methylation machinery has two non-symmetric protein assembly sites. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17561. [PMID: 34475498 PMCID: PMC8413462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Box C/D ribonucleoprotein complexes are RNA-guided methyltransferases that methylate the ribose 2'-OH of RNA. The central 'guide RNA' has box C and D motifs at its ends, which are crucial for activity. Archaeal guide RNAs have a second box C'/D' motif pair that is also essential for function. This second motif is poorly conserved in eukaryotes and its function is uncertain. Conflicting literature data report that eukaryotic box C'/D' motifs do or do not bind proteins specialized to recognize box C/D-motifs and are or are not important for function. Despite this uncertainty, the architecture of eukaryotic 2'-O-methylation enzymes is thought to be similar to that of their archaeal counterpart. Here, we use biochemistry, X-ray crystallography and mutant analysis to demonstrate the absence of functional box C'/D' motifs in more than 80% of yeast guide RNAs. We conclude that eukaryotic Box C/D RNPs have two non-symmetric protein assembly sites and that their three-dimensional architecture differs from that of archaeal 2'-O-methylation enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Höfler
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Peer Lukat
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Wulf Blankenfeldt
- Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Teresa Carlomagno
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Centre of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany.
- Group of NMR-Based Structural Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre of Infection Research, 38124, Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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4
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Olthof AM, White AK, Mieruszynski S, Doggett K, Lee MF, Chakroun A, Abdel Aleem AK, Rousseau J, Magnani C, Roifman CM, Campeau PM, Heath JK, Kanadia RN. Disruption of exon-bridging interactions between the minor and major spliceosomes results in alternative splicing around minor introns. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3524-3545. [PMID: 33660780 PMCID: PMC8034651 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate genomes contain major (>99.5%) and minor (<0.5%) introns that are spliced by the major and minor spliceosomes, respectively. Major intron splicing follows the exon-definition model, whereby major spliceosome components first assemble across exons. However, since most genes with minor introns predominately consist of major introns, formation of exon-definition complexes in these genes would require interaction between the major and minor spliceosomes. Here, we report that minor spliceosome protein U11-59K binds to the major spliceosome U2AF complex, thereby supporting a model in which the minor spliceosome interacts with the major spliceosome across an exon to regulate the splicing of minor introns. Inhibition of minor spliceosome snRNAs and U11-59K disrupted exon-bridging interactions, leading to exon skipping by the major spliceosome. The resulting aberrant isoforms contained a premature stop codon, yet were not subjected to nonsense-mediated decay, but rather bound to polysomes. Importantly, we detected elevated levels of these alternatively spliced transcripts in individuals with minor spliceosome-related diseases such as Roifman syndrome, Lowry–Wood syndrome and early-onset cerebellar ataxia. In all, we report that the minor spliceosome informs splicing by the major spliceosome through exon-definition interactions and show that minor spliceosome inhibition results in aberrant alternative splicing in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Olthof
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alisa K White
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Stephen Mieruszynski
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Karen Doggett
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Madisen F Lee
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | | | - Justine Rousseau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Cinzia Magnani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternal and Child Department, University of Parma, Parma, 43121, Italy
| | - Chaim M Roifman
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.,The Canadian Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency and The Jeffrey Modell Research Laboratory for the Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiency, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Joan K Heath
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Rahul N Kanadia
- Physiology and Neurobiology Department, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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5
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Abel Y, Paiva ACF, Bizarro J, Chagot ME, Santo PE, Robert MC, Quinternet M, Vandermoere F, Sousa PMF, Fort P, Charpentier B, Manival X, Bandeiras TM, Bertrand E, Verheggen C. NOPCHAP1 is a PAQosome cofactor that helps loading NOP58 on RUVBL1/2 during box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:1094-1113. [PMID: 33367824 PMCID: PMC7826282 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAQosome is a large complex composed of the HSP90/R2TP chaperone and a prefoldin-like module. It promotes the biogenesis of cellular machineries but it is unclear how it discriminates closely related client proteins. Among the main PAQosome clients are C/D snoRNPs and in particular their core protein NOP58. Using NOP58 mutants and proteomic experiments, we identify different assembly intermediates and show that C12ORF45, which we rename NOPCHAP1, acts as a bridge between NOP58 and PAQosome. NOPCHAP1 makes direct physical interactions with the CC-NOP domain of NOP58 and domain II of RUVBL1/2 AAA+ ATPases. Interestingly, NOPCHAP1 interaction with RUVBL1/2 is disrupted upon ATP binding. Moreover, while it robustly binds both yeast and human NOP58, it makes little interactions with NOP56 and PRPF31, two other closely related CC-NOP proteins. Expression of NOP58, but not NOP56 or PRPF31, is decreased in NOPCHAP1 KO cells. We propose that NOPCHAP1 is a client-loading PAQosome cofactor that selects NOP58 to promote box C/D snoRNP assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Abel
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ana C F Paiva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Bizarro
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Paulo E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Marie-Cécile Robert
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Quinternet
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, IBSLor, Biophysics and Structural Biology Core Facility, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | | | - Pedro M F Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | | | | | - Xavier Manival
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, 2781-901, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- IGMM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Montpellier, France.,IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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6
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Chagot ME, Quinternet M, Jacquemin C, Manival X, Gardiennet C. Box C/D snoRNPs: solid-state NMR fingerprint of an early-stage 50 kDa assembly intermediate. BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2020; 14:131-140. [PMID: 32030621 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-020-09933-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many cellular functions rely on stable protein-only or protein-RNA complexes. Deciphering their assembly mechanism is a key question in cell biology. We here focus on box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins involved in ribosome biogenesis. The mature particles contain four core proteins and a guide RNA. Despite their relatively simple composition, these particles don't self-assemble in eukaryote and the production of a native and functional particle requires a large number of transient other proteins, called assembly factors. We present here 13C and 15N solid-state NMR assignment of yeast 126-residue core protein Snu13 in the context of its 50 kDa pre-complex with assembly factors Rsa1p:Hit1p. In this sample, only one third of the protein is labelled, leading to a low sensitivity. We could nevertheless obtain assignment data for 91% of the residues. Secondary structure derived from our assignments shows that Snu13p overall structure is maintained in the context of the complex. Chemical shift perturbations are analysed to evaluate Snu13p conformational changes and interaction interface upon binding to its partner proteins. While indirect perturbations are observed in the hydrophobic core, we find other good candidate residues belonging to the interaction interface. We describe the role of some Snu13p N-terminal and C-terminal residues, not identified in previous structural studies. These preliminary results will serve as a basis for future interaction studies, especially by adding RNA, to decipher box C/D snoRNP particles assembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Chagot
- IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie Santé, Nancy, France
| | - Marc Quinternet
- UMS-2008 IBSLor Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, Nancy, France
| | - Clémence Jacquemin
- IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie Santé, Nancy, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Univ Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Manival
- IMoPA, UMR 7365 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie Santé, Nancy, France.
| | - Carole Gardiennet
- CRM2, UMR 7036 CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Nancy, France.
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7
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Khoshnevis S, Dreggors RE, Hoffmann TFR, Ghalei H. A conserved Bcd1 interaction essential for box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18360-18371. [PMID: 31537647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise modification and processing of rRNAs are required for the production of ribosomes and accurate translation of proteins. Small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) guide the folding, modification, and processing of rRNAs and are thus critical for all eukaryotic cells. Bcd1, an essential zinc finger HIT protein functionally conserved in eukaryotes, has been implicated as an early regulator for biogenesis of box C/D snoRNPs and controls steady-state levels of box C/D snoRNAs through an unknown mechanism. Using a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, here we found a conserved N-terminal motif in Bcd1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for interactions with box C/D snoRNAs and the core snoRNP protein, Snu13. We show that both the Bcd1-snoRNA and Bcd1-Snu13 interactions are critical for snoRNP assembly and ribosome biogenesis. Our results provide mechanistic insight into Bcd1 interactions that likely control the early steps of snoRNP maturation and contribute to the essential role of this protein in maintaining the steady-state levels of snoRNAs in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Khoshnevis
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - R Elizabeth Dreggors
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology (BCDB), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Tobias F R Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Homa Ghalei
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology (BCDB), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
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8
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Abstract
The kink-turn (k-turn) is a widespread structural motif found in functional RNA species. It typically comprises a three-nucleotide bulge followed by tandem trans sugar edge-Hoogsteen G:A base pairs. It introduces a sharp kink into the axis of duplex RNA, juxtaposing the minor grooves. Cross-strand H-bonds form at the interface, accepted by the conserved adenine nucleobases of the G:A basepairs. Alternative acceptors for one of these divides the k-turns into two conformational classes N3 and N1. The base pair that follows the G:A pairs (3b:3n) determines which conformation is adopted by a given k-turn. k-turns often mediate tertiary contacts in folded RNA species and frequently bind proteins. Common k-turn binding proteins include members of the L7Ae family, such as the human 15·5k protein. A recognition helix within these proteins binds in the widened major groove on the outside of the k-turn, that makes specific H-bonds with the conserved guanine nucleobases of the G:A pairs. L7Ae binds with extremely high affinity, and single-molecule data are consistent with folding by conformational selection. The standard, simple k-turn can be elaborated in a variety of ways, that include the complex k-turns and the k-junctions. In free solution in the absence of added metal ions or protein k-turns do not adopt the tightly-kinked conformation. They undergo folding by the binding of proteins, by the formation of tertiary contacts, and some (but not all) will fold on the addition of metal ions. Whether or not folding occurs in the presence of metal ions depends on local sequence, including the 3b:3n position, and the -1b:-1n position (5' to the bulge). In most cases -1b:-1n = C:G, so that the 3b:3n position is critical since it determines both folding properties and conformation. In general, the selection of these sequence matches a given k-turn to its biological requirements. The k-turn structure is now very well understood, to the point at which they can be used as a building block for the formation of RNA nano-objects, including triangles and squares.
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9
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Yu G, Zhao Y, Li H. The multistructural forms of box C/D ribonucleoprotein particles. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:1625-1633. [PMID: 30254138 PMCID: PMC6239191 DOI: 10.1261/rna.068312.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Structural biology studies of archaeal and yeast box C/D ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) reveal a surprisingly wide range of forms. If form ever follows function, the different structures of box C/D small ribonucleoprotein particles (snoRNPs) may reflect their versatile functional roles beyond what has been recognized. A large majority of box C/D RNPs serve to site-specifically methylate the ribosomal RNA, typically as independent complexes. Select members of the box C/D snoRNPs also are essential components of the megadalton RNP enzyme, the small subunit processome that is responsible for processing ribosomal RNA. Other box C/D RNPs continue to be uncovered with either unexpected or unknown functions. We summarize currently known box C/D RNP structures in this review and identify the Nop56/58 and box C/D RNA subunits as the key elements underlying the observed structural diversity, and likely, the diverse functional roles of box C/D RNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
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10
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Freeman JR, Chu S, Hsu T, Huang YT. Epigenome-wide association study of smoking and DNA methylation in non-small cell lung neoplasms. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69579-69591. [PMID: 27602958 PMCID: PMC5342499 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a well-established lung cancer carcinogen. We hypothesize that epigenetic processes underlie carcinogenesis. The objective of this study is to examine the effects of smoke exposure on DNA methylation to search for novel susceptibility loci. We obtained epigenome-wide DNA methylation data from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell (LUSC) tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We performed a two-stage discovery (n = 326) and validation (n = 185) analysis to investigate the association of epigenetic DNA methylation level with cigarette smoking pack-years. We also externally validated our findings in an independent dataset. Linear model with least square estimator and spline regression were performed to examine the association between DNA methylation and smoking. We identified five CpG sites highly associated with pack-years of cigarette smoking. Smoking was negatively associated with methylation levels in cg25771041 (WWTR1, p = 3.6 × 10−9), cg16200496 (NFIX, p = 3.4 × 10−12), cg22515201 (PLA2G6, p = 1.0 × 10−9) and cg24823993 (NHP2L1, p = 5.1 × 10−8) and positively associated with the methylation level in cg11875268 (SMUG1, p = 4.3 × 10−8). The CpG-smoking association was stronger in LUSC than LUAD. Of the five loci, smoking explained the most variation in cg16200496 (R2 = 0.098 [both types] and 0.144 [LUSC]). We identified 5 novel CpG candidates that demonstrate differential methylation patterns associated with smoke exposure in lung neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Freeman
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Su Chu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Thomas Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA
| | - Yen-Tsung Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence RI 02912, USA.,Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TAIWAN
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11
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The host-encoded RNase E endonuclease as the crRNA maturation enzyme in a CRISPR-Cas subtype III-Bv system. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:367-377. [PMID: 29403013 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Specialized RNA endonucleases for the maturation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-derived RNAs (crRNAs) are critical in CRISPR-CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) defence mechanisms. The Cas6 and Cas5d enzymes are the RNA endonucleases in many class 1 CRISPR-Cas systems. In some class 2 systems, maturation and effector functions are combined within a single enzyme or maturation proceeds through the combined actions of RNase III and trans-activating CRISPR RNAs (tracrRNAs). Three separate CRISPR-Cas systems exist in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Whereas Cas6-type enzymes act in two of these systems, the third, which is classified as subtype III-B variant (III-Bv), lacks cas6 homologues. Instead, the maturation of crRNAs proceeds through the activity of endoribonuclease E, leaving unusual 13- and 14-nucleotide-long 5'-handles. Overexpression of RNase E leads to overaccumulation and knock-down to the reduced accumulation of crRNAs in vivo, suggesting that RNase E is the limiting factor for CRISPR complex formation. Recognition by RNase E depends on a stem-loop in the CRISPR repeat, whereas base substitutions at the cleavage site trigger the appearance of secondary products, consistent with a two-step recognition and cleavage mechanism. These results suggest the adaptation of an otherwise very conserved housekeeping enzyme to accommodate new substrates and illuminate the impressive plasticity of CRISPR-Cas systems that enables them to function in particular genomic environments.
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12
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Ashraf S, Huang L, Lilley DMJ. Sequence determinants of the folding properties of box C/D kink-turns in RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 23:1927-1935. [PMID: 28956757 PMCID: PMC5689011 DOI: 10.1261/rna.063453.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Folding properties differ markedly between kink-turns (k-turns) that have different biological functions. While ribosomal and riboswitch k-turns generally fold into their kinked conformation on addition of metal ions, box C/D snoRNP k-turns remain completely unfolded under these conditions, although they fold on addition of L7Ae protein. Sequence elements have been systematically exchanged between a standard ribosomal k-turn (Kt-7) that folds on addition of metal ions, and a box C/D k-turn. Folding was studied using fluorescence resonance energy transfer and gel electrophoresis. Three sequence elements each contribute in an approximately additive manner to the different folding properties of Kt-7 and box C/D k-turns from archaea. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that k-turn sequences evolve sequences that suit their folding properties to their biological function. The majority of ribosomal and riboswitch k-turns have sequences allowing unassisted folding in response to the presence of metal ions. In contrast, box C/D k-turns have sequences that require the binding of proteins to drive folding into the kinked conformation, consistent with their role in the assembly of the box C/D snoRNP apparatus. The rules governing the influence of sequence on folding properties can be applied to other standard k-turns to predict their folding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Ashraf
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Lin Huang
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - David M J Lilley
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, MSI/WTB Complex, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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Rothé B, Manival X, Rolland N, Charron C, Senty-Ségault V, Branlant C, Charpentier B. Implication of the box C/D snoRNP assembly factor Rsa1p in U3 snoRNP assembly. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:7455-7473. [PMID: 28505348 PMCID: PMC5499572 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The U3 box C/D snoRNA is one key element of 90S pre-ribosome. It contains a 5΄ domain pairing with pre-rRNA and the U3B/C and U3C΄/D motifs for U3 packaging into a unique small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particle (snoRNP). The RNA-binding protein Snu13/SNU13 nucleates on U3B/C the assembly of box C/D proteins Nop1p/FBL and Nop56p/NOP56, and the U3-specific protein Rrp9p/U3-55K. Snu13p/SNU13 has a much lower affinity for U3C΄/D but nevertheless forms on this motif an RNP with box C/D proteins Nop1p/FBL and Nop58p/NOP58. In this study, we characterized the influence of the RNP assembly protein Rsa1 in the early steps of U3 snoRNP biogenesis in yeast and we propose a refined model of U3 snoRNP biogenesis. While recombinant Snu13p enhances the binding of Rrp9p to U3B/C, we observed that Rsa1p has no effect on this activity but forms with Snu13p and Rrp9p a U3B/C pre-RNP. In contrast, we found that Rsa1p enhances Snu13p binding on U3C΄/D. RNA footprinting experiments indicate that this positive effect most likely occurs by direct contacts of Rsa1p with the U3 snoRNA 5΄ domain. In light of the recent U3 snoRNP cryo-EM structures, our data suggest that Rsa1p has a dual role by also preventing formation of a pre-mature functional U3 RNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rothé
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Xavier Manival
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Rolland
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Charron
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Véronique Senty-Ségault
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christiane Branlant
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Bruno Charpentier
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 20199, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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14
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Huang L, Ashraf S, Wang J, Lilley DM. Control of box C/D snoRNP assembly by N 6-methylation of adenine. EMBO Rep 2017; 18:1631-1645. [PMID: 28623187 PMCID: PMC5579392 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201743967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenine is the most widespread mRNA modification. A subset of human box C/D snoRNA species have target GAC sequences that lead to formation of N6-methyladenine at a key trans Hoogsteen-sugar A·G base pair, of which half are methylated in vivo The GAC target is conserved only in those that are methylated. Methylation prevents binding of the 15.5-kDa protein and the induced folding of the RNA Thus, the assembly of the box C/D snoRNP could in principle be regulated by RNA methylation at its critical first stage. Crystallography reveals that N6-methylation of adenine prevents the formation of trans Hoogsteen-sugar A·G base pairs, explaining why the box C/D RNA cannot adopt its kinked conformation. More generally, our data indicate that sheared A·G base pairs (but not Watson-Crick base pairs) are more susceptible to disruption by N6mA methylation and are therefore possible regulatory sites. The human signal recognition particle RNA and many related Alu retrotransposon RNA species are also methylated at N6 of an adenine that forms a sheared base pair with guanine and mediates a key tertiary interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Saira Ashraf
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jia Wang
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David Mj Lilley
- Cancer Research UK Nucleic Acid Structure Research Group, The University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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15
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Massenet S, Bertrand E, Verheggen C. Assembly and trafficking of box C/D and H/ACA snoRNPs. RNA Biol 2017; 14:680-692. [PMID: 27715451 PMCID: PMC5519232 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1243646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs are abundant non-coding RNAs that localize in the nucleolus and mostly function as guides for nucleotide modifications. While a large pool of snoRNAs modifies rRNAs, an increasing number of snoRNAs could also potentially target mRNAs. ScaRNAs belong to a family of specific RNAs that localize in Cajal bodies and that are structurally similar to snoRNAs. Most scaRNAs are involved in snRNA modification, while telomerase RNA, which contains H/ACA motifs, functions in telomeric DNA synthesis. In this review, we describe how box C/D and H/ACA snoRNAs are processed and assembled with core proteins to form functional RNP particles. Their biogenesis involve several transport factors that first direct pre-snoRNPs to Cajal bodies, where some processing steps are believed to take place, and then to nucleoli. Assembly of core proteins involves the HSP90/R2TP chaperone-cochaperone system for both box C/D and H/ACA RNAs, but also several factors specific for each family. These assembly factors chaperone unassembled core proteins, regulate the formation and disassembly of pre-snoRNP intermediates, and control the activity of immature particles. The AAA+ ATPase RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 belong to the R2TP co-chaperones and play essential roles in snoRNP biogenesis, as well as in the formation of other macro-molecular complexes. Despite intensive research, their mechanisms of action are still incompletely understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Massenet
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, UMR 7365 CNRS, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France, Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie –Santé, CS 50184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
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16
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Chen S, Blank MF, Iyer A, Huang B, Wang L, Grummt I, Voit R. SIRT7-dependent deacetylation of the U3-55k protein controls pre-rRNA processing. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10734. [PMID: 26867678 PMCID: PMC4754350 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT7 is an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase with important roles in ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. Previous studies have established that SIRT7 is associated with RNA polymerase I, interacts with pre-ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and promotes rRNA synthesis. Here we show that SIRT7 is also associated with small nucleolar RNP (snoRNPs) that are involved in pre-rRNA processing and rRNA maturation. Knockdown of SIRT7 impairs U3 snoRNA dependent early cleavage steps that are necessary for generation of 18S rRNA. Mechanistically, SIRT7 deacetylates U3-55k, a core component of the U3 snoRNP complex, and reversible acetylation of U3-55k modulates the association of U3-55k with U3 snoRNA. Deacetylation by SIRT7 enhances U3-55k binding to U3 snoRNA, which is a prerequisite for pre-rRNA processing. Under stress conditions, SIRT7 is released from nucleoli, leading to hyperacetylation of U3-55k and attenuation of pre-rRNA processing. The results reveal a multifaceted role of SIRT7 in ribosome biogenesis, regulating both transcription and processing of rRNA. SIRT7 is a protein deacetylase with important roles in rRNA synthesis, ribosome biogenesis and cell proliferation. Here the authors show a role of SIRT7 in rRNA maturation via deacetylation of U3-55k, a core component of the U3 snoRNP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifan Chen
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Fed 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Felix Blank
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Fed 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aishwarya Iyer
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Fed 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bingding Huang
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ingrid Grummt
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Fed 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate Voit
- Division of Molecular Biology of the Cell II, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Fed 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Williams J, Boin NG, Valera JM, Johnson AN. Noncanonical roles for Tropomyosin during myogenesis. Development 2015; 142:3440-52. [PMID: 26293307 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For skeletal muscle to produce movement, individual myofibers must form stable contacts with tendon cells and then assemble sarcomeres. The myofiber precursor is the nascent myotube, and during myogenesis the myotube completes guided elongation to reach its target tendons. Unlike the well-studied events of myogenesis, such as myoblast specification and myoblast fusion, the molecules that regulate myotube elongation are largely unknown. In Drosophila, hoi polloi (hoip) encodes a highly conserved RNA-binding protein and hoip mutant embryos are largely paralytic due to defects in myotube elongation and sarcomeric protein expression. We used the hoip mutant background as a platform to identify novel regulators of myogenesis, and uncovered surprising developmental functions for the sarcomeric protein Tropomyosin 2 (Tm2). We have identified Hoip-responsive sequences in the coding region of the Tm2 mRNA that are essential for Tm2 protein expression in developing myotubes. Tm2 overexpression rescued the hoip myogenic phenotype by promoting F-actin assembly at the myotube leading edge, by restoring the expression of additional sarcomeric RNAs, and by promoting myoblast fusion. Embryos that lack Tm2 also showed reduced sarcomeric protein expression, and embryos that expressed a gain-of-function Tm2 allele showed both fusion and elongation defects. Tropomyosin therefore dictates fundamental steps of myogenesis prior to regulating contraction in the sarcomere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Nathan G Boin
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Juliana M Valera
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
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18
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Bizarro J, Charron C, Boulon S, Westman B, Pradet-Balade B, Vandermoere F, Chagot ME, Hallais M, Ahmad Y, Leonhardt H, Lamond A, Manival X, Branlant C, Charpentier B, Verheggen C, Bertrand E. Proteomic and 3D structure analyses highlight the C/D box snoRNP assembly mechanism and its control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 207:463-80. [PMID: 25404746 PMCID: PMC4242836 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex assembly, a pre-snoRNP complex consisting only of protein components forms first, followed by displacement of the ZNHIT3 subunit when C/D snoRNAs bind and dynamic loading and unloading of RuvBL AAA+ ATPases. In vitro, assembly of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) involves the sequential recruitment of core proteins to snoRNAs. In vivo, however, assembly factors are required (NUFIP, BCD1, and the HSP90–R2TP complex), and it is unknown whether a similar sequential scheme applies. In this paper, we describe systematic quantitative stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture proteomic experiments and the crystal structure of the core protein Snu13p/15.5K bound to a fragment of the assembly factor Rsa1p/NUFIP. This revealed several unexpected features: (a) the existence of a protein-only pre-snoRNP complex containing five assembly factors and two core proteins, 15.5K and Nop58; (b) the characterization of ZNHIT3, which is present in the protein-only complex but gets released upon binding to C/D snoRNAs; (c) the dynamics of the R2TP complex, which appears to load/unload RuvBL AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase from pre-snoRNPs; and (d) a potential mechanism for preventing premature activation of snoRNP catalytic activity. These data provide a framework for understanding the assembly of box C/D snoRNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bizarro
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Christophe Charron
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Séverine Boulon
- Centre de Recherches de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Belinda Westman
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Bérengère Pradet-Balade
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Franck Vandermoere
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, F-34000 Montpellier, France Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U661, F-34000 Montpellier, France Unité Mixte de Recherche 5203, Université de Montpellier 1 and Université de Montpellier 2, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Eve Chagot
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Marie Hallais
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Yasmeen Ahmad
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS) and Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPS) and Department of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angus Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Xavier Manival
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Christiane Branlant
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Charpentier
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7365, Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Céline Verheggen
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Edouard Bertrand
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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Jafarifar F, Dietrich RC, Hiznay JM, Padgett RA. Biochemical defects in minor spliceosome function in the developmental disorder MOPD I. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1078-89. [PMID: 24865609 PMCID: PMC4114687 DOI: 10.1261/rna.045187.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biallelic mutations of the human RNU4ATAC gene, which codes for the minor spliceosomal U4atac snRNA, cause the developmental disorder, MOPD I/TALS. To date, nine separate mutations in RNU4ATAC have been identified in MOPD I patients. Evidence suggests that all of these mutations lead to abrogation of U4atac snRNA function and impaired minor intron splicing. However, the molecular basis of these effects is unknown. Here, we use a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays to address this question. We find that only one mutation, 124G>A, leads to significantly reduced expression of U4atac snRNA, whereas four mutations, 30G>A, 50G>A, 50G>C and 51G>A, show impaired binding of essential protein components of the U4atac/U6atac di-snRNP in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of MOPD I patient fibroblasts and iPS cells homozygous for the most common mutation, 51G>A, shows reduced levels of the U4atac/U6atac.U5 tri-snRNP complex as determined by glycerol gradient sedimentation and immunoprecipitation. In this report, we establish a mechanistic basis for MOPD I disease and show that the inefficient splicing of genes containing U12-dependent introns in patient cells is due to defects in minor tri-snRNP formation, and the MOPD I-associated RNU4ATAC mutations can affect multiple facets of minor snRNA function.
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20
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Rothé B, Back R, Quinternet M, Bizarro J, Robert MC, Blaud M, Romier C, Manival X, Charpentier B, Bertrand E, Branlant C. Characterization of the interaction between protein Snu13p/15.5K and the Rsa1p/NUFIP factor and demonstration of its functional importance for snoRNP assembly. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:2015-36. [PMID: 24234454 PMCID: PMC3919607 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Snu13p protein and its 15.5K human homolog both bind U4 snRNA and box C/D snoRNAs. They also bind the Rsa1p/NUFIP assembly factor, proposed to scaffold immature snoRNPs and to recruit the Hsp90-R2TP chaperone complex. However, the nature of the Snu13p/15.5K–Rsa1p/NUFIP interaction and its exact role in snoRNP assembly remained to be elucidated. By using biophysical, molecular and imaging approaches, here, we identify residues needed for Snu13p/15.5K–Rsa1p/NUFIP interaction. By NMR structure determination and docking approaches, we built a 3D model of the Snup13p–Rsa1p interface, suggesting that residues R249, R246 and K250 in Rsa1p and E72 and D73 in Snu13p form a network of electrostatic interactions shielded from the solvent by hydrophobic residues from both proteins and that residue W253 of Rsa1p is inserted in a hydrophobic cavity of Snu13p. Individual mutations of residues in yeast demonstrate the functional importance of the predicted interactions for both cell growth and snoRNP formation. Using archaeal box C/D sRNP 3D structures as templates, the association of Snu13p with Rsa1p is predicted to be exclusive of interactions in active snoRNPs. Rsa1p and NUFIP may thus prevent premature activity of pre-snoRNPs, and their removal may be a key step for active snoRNP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rothé
- Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), UMR 7365 CNRS Université de Lorraine, Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie Santé, 9 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France, FR CNRS-3209 (Ingénierie Moléculaire et Thérapeutique), CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Faculté de Médecine, Bâtiment Biopôle, BP 184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, IGMM (Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Montpellier Cedex 5, France and IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire), Département de Biologie et Génomique Structurales, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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21
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Johnson AN, Mokalled MH, Valera JM, Poss KD, Olson EN. Post-transcriptional regulation of myotube elongation and myogenesis by Hoi Polloi. Development 2013; 140:3645-56. [PMID: 23942517 DOI: 10.1242/dev.095596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Striated muscle development requires the coordinated expression of genes involved in sarcomere formation and contractility, as well as genes that determine muscle morphology. However, relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms that control the early stages of muscle morphogenesis. To explore this facet of myogenesis, we performed a genetic screen for regulators of somatic muscle morphology in Drosophila, and identified the putative RNA-binding protein (RBP) Hoi Polloi (Hoip). Hoip is expressed in striated muscle precursors within the muscle lineage and controls two genetically separable events: myotube elongation and sarcomeric protein expression. Myotubes fail to elongate in hoip mutant embryos, even though the known regulators of somatic muscle elongation, target recognition and muscle attachment are expressed normally. In addition, a majority of sarcomeric proteins, including Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) and Tropomyosin, require Hoip for their expression. A transgenic MHC construct that contains the endogenous MHC promoter and a spliced open reading frame rescues MHC protein expression in hoip embryos, demonstrating the involvement of Hoip in pre-mRNA splicing, but not in transcription, of muscle structural genes. In addition, the human Hoip ortholog NHP2L1 rescues muscle defects in hoip embryos, and knockdown of endogenous nhp2l1 in zebrafish disrupts skeletal muscle development. We conclude that Hoip is a conserved, post-transcriptional regulator of muscle morphogenesis and structural gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.
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22
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Zhang L, Lin J, Ye K. Structural and functional analysis of the U3 snoRNA binding protein Rrp9. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 19:701-711. [PMID: 23509373 PMCID: PMC3677284 DOI: 10.1261/rna.037580.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The U3 snoRNA is required for 18S rRNA processing and small subunit ribosome formation in eukaryotes. Different from other box C/D snoRNAs, U3 contains an extra 5' domain that pairs with pre-rRNA and a unique B/C motif essential for recruitment of the U3-specific Rrp9 protein. Here, we analyze the structure and function of Rrp9 with crystallographic, biochemical, and cellular approaches. Rrp9 is composed of a WD repeat domain and an N-terminal region. The crystal structures of the WD domain of yeast Rrp9 and its human ortholog U3-55K were determined, revealing a typical seven-bladed propeller fold. Several conserved surface patches on the WD domain were identified, and their function in RNP assembly and yeast growth were analyzed by mutagenesis. Prior association of Snu13 with the B/C motif was found to enhance the specific binding of the WD domain. We show that a conserved 7bc loop is crucial for specific recognition of U3, nucleolar localization of Rrp9, and yeast growth. In addition, we show that the N-terminal region of Rrp9 contains a bipartite nuclear localization signal that is dispensable for nucleolar localization. Our results provide insight into the functional sites of Rrp9.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Binding Sites
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Humans
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- Protein Folding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar/chemistry
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar/metabolism
- Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/chemistry
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Liman Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinzhong Lin
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Keqiong Ye
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
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23
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Wang J, Leung JWC, Gong Z, Feng L, Shi X, Chen J. PHF6 regulates cell cycle progression by suppressing ribosomal RNA synthesis. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:3174-83. [PMID: 23229552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.414839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation of PHF6, which results in the X-linked mental retardation disorder Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, is also present in about 38% of adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias and 3% of adult acute myeloid leukemias. However, it remains to be determined exactly how PHF6 acts in vivo and what functions of PHF6 may be associated with its putative tumor suppressor function. Here, we demonstrate that PHF6 is a nucleolus, ribosomal RNA promoter-associated protein. PHF6 directly interacts with upstream binding factor (UBF) through its PHD1 domain and suppresses ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription by affecting the protein level of UBF. Knockdown of PHF6 impairs cell proliferation and arrests cells at G(2)/M phase, which is accompanied by an increased level of phosphorylated H2AX, indicating that PHF6 deficiency leads to the accumulation of DNA damage in the cell. We found that increased DNA damage occurs at the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) locus in PHF6-deficient cells. This effect could be reversed by knocking down UBF or overexpressing RNASE1, which removes RNA-DNA hybrids, suggesting that there is a functional link between rRNA synthesis and genomic stability at the rDNA locus. Together, these results reveal that the key function of PHF6 is involved in regulating rRNA synthesis, which may contribute to its roles in cell cycle control, genomic maintenance, and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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24
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Ghalei H, Hsiao HH, Urlaub H, Wahl MC, Watkins NJ. A novel Nop5-sRNA interaction that is required for efficient archaeal box C/D sRNP formation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 16:2341-8. [PMID: 20962039 PMCID: PMC2995396 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2380410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Archaeal and eukaryotic box C/D RNPs catalyze the 2'-O-methylation of ribosomal RNA, a modification that is essential for the correct folding and function of the ribosome. Each archaeal RNP contains three core proteins--L7Ae, Nop5, and fibrillarin (methyltransferase)--and a box C/D sRNA. Base-pairing between the sRNA guide region and the rRNA directs target site selection with the C/D and related C'/D' motifs functioning as protein binding sites. Recent structural analysis of in vitro assembled archaeal complexes has produced two divergent models of box C/D sRNP structure. In one model, the complex is proposed to be monomeric, while the other suggests a dimeric sRNP. The position of the RNA in the RNP is significantly different in each model. We have used UV-cross-linking to characterize protein-RNA contacts in the in vitro assembled Pyrococcus furiosus box C/D sRNP. The P. furiosus sRNP components assemble into complexes that are the expected size of di-sRNPs. Analysis of UV-induced protein-RNA cross-links revealed a novel interaction between the ALFR motif, in the Nop domain of Nop5, and the guide/spacer regions of the sRNA. We show that the ALFR motif and the spacer sequence adjacent to box C or C' are important for box C/D sRNP assembly in vitro. These data therefore reveal new RNA-protein contacts in the box C/D sRNP and suggest a role for Nop5 in substrate binding and/or release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Ghalei
- Abteilung Zelluläre Biochemie, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Goettingen, Germany
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25
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Westman BJ, Verheggen C, Hutten S, Lam YW, Bertrand E, Lamond AI. A proteomic screen for nucleolar SUMO targets shows SUMOylation modulates the function of Nop5/Nop58. Mol Cell 2010; 39:618-31. [PMID: 20797632 PMCID: PMC2938476 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational SUMO modification is an important mechanism of regulating protein function, especially in the cell nucleus. The nucleolus is the subnuclear organelle responsible for rRNA synthesis, processing, and assembly of the large and small ribosome subunits. Here, we have used SILAC-based quantitative proteomics to identify nucleolar SUMOylated proteins. This reveals a role for SUMOylation in the biogenesis and/or function of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs) via the targeting of Nhp2 and Nop58. Using combined in vitro and in vivo approaches, both Nhp2 and Nop58 (also known as Nop5) are shown to be substrates for SUMOylation. Mutational analyses revealed the sites of modification on Nhp2 as K5, and on Nop58 as K467 and K497. Unlike Nop58 and Nhp2, the closely related Nop56 and 15.5K proteins appear not to be SUMO targets. SUMOylation is essential for high-affinity Nop58 binding to snoRNAs. This study provides direct evidence linking SUMO modification with snoRNP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Westman
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK
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26
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Li HJ, Liu NY, Shi DQ, Liu J, Yang WC. YAO is a nucleolar WD40-repeat protein critical for embryogenesis and gametogenesis in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:169. [PMID: 20699009 PMCID: PMC3095302 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In flowering plants, gametogenesis generates multicellular male and female gametophytes. In the model system Arabidopsis, the male gametophyte or pollen grain contains two sperm cells and a vegetative cell. The female gametophyte or embryo sac contains seven cells, namely one egg, two synergids, one central cell and three antipodal cells. Double fertilization of the central cell and egg produces respectively a triploid endosperm and a diploid zygote that develops further into an embryo. The genetic control of the early embryo patterning, especially the initiation of the first zygotic division and the positioning of the cell plate, is largely unknown. RESULTS Here we report the characterization of a mutation, yaozhe (yao), that causes zygote arrest and misplacement of cell plate of the zygote, leading to early embryo lethality. In addition, gametophyte development is partially impaired. A small portion of the mutant embryo sacs are arrested at four-nucleate stage with aberrant nuclear positioning. Furthermore, the competence of male gametophytes is also compromised. YAO encodes a nucleolar protein with seven WD-repeats. Its homologues in human and yeast have been shown to be components of the U3 snoRNP complex and function in 18S rRNA processing. YAO is expressed ubiquitously, with high level of expression in tissues under active cell divisions, including embryo sacs, pollen, embryos, endosperms and root tips. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic analysis indicated that YAO is required for the correct positioning of the first zygotic division plane and plays a critical role in gametogenesis in Arabidopsis. Since YAO is a nucleolar protein and its counterparts in yeast and human are components of the U3 snoRNP complex, we therefore postulate that YAO is most likely involved in rRNA processing in plants as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Gradute University, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nai-You Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dong-Qiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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27
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Ahmed MSL, Mayer G. Evolution of specific RNA motifs derived from pan-protein interacting precursors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3793-6. [PMID: 20471261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro evolution of nucleic acid aptamers is a powerful tool to investigate the structure-function relationship of natural occurring RNA-protein interaction motifs. Otherwise, it also allows the identification of novel RNA-based ligands that can be used to investigate a target's function in its native environment. However, artifacts have been described during in vitro selection procedures hampering the successful enrichment of aptamers. Here we describe a novel observation, namely the enrichment of pan-protein binding RNA sequences. We demonstrate that evolution of specific target binding sequences originating from a pan-protein binding RNA precursor is possible in general. Our data demonstrate that the mutual co-variation of an ancestor molecule can be applied for the evolution of specific target binding RNA sequences. These results might have implications in the context of the RNA world theory, exemplifying a possible evolutionary route towards protein-specific RNA molecules from a common ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie L Ahmed
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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28
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Evidence that the AAA+ proteins TIP48 and TIP49 bridge interactions between 15.5K and the related NOP56 and NOP58 proteins during box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:4971-81. [PMID: 19620283 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00752-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The box C/D small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs) are essential for the processing and modification of rRNA. TIP48 and TIP49 are two related AAA(+) proteins that are essential for the formation of box C/D snoRNPs. These proteins are key components of the pre-snoRNP complexes, but their exact role in box C/D snoRNP biogenesis is largely uncharacterized. Here we report that TIP48 and TIP49 interact with one another in vitro, and only the TIP48/TIP49 complex, but not the individual proteins, possesses significant ATPase activity. Loss of TIP48 and TIP49 results in a change in pre-snoRNA levels and a loss of U3 snoRNA signal in the Cajal body. We show that TIP48 and TIP49 make multiple interactions with core snoRNP proteins and biogenesis factors and that these interactions are often regulated by the presence of ATP. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TIP48 and TIP49 efficiently bridge interactions between the core box C/D proteins NOP56 or NOP58 and 15.5K. Our data imply that the snoRNP assembly factor NUFIP can regulate the interactions between TIP48 and TIP49 and the core box C/D proteins. We suggest that snoRNP assembly involves an intricate series of interactions that are mediated/regulated by bridging factors and chaperones.
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29
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Kirkpatrick JP, Li P, Carlomagno T. Probing mutation-induced structural perturbations by refinement against residual dipolar couplings: application to the U4 spliceosomal RNP complex. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1007-14. [PMID: 19308925 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Confident interpretation of biochemical experiments performed with mutated proteins relies on verification of the integrity of the mutant structures. We present a simple and rapid refinement protocol for comparing the structures of mutated and wild-type proteins. Our approach involves measurement of residual dipolar couplings, and only requires assignment of the backbone resonances of the mutant species. We demonstrate application of the protocol to a mutant of the 15.5K protein, a core component of the U4 spliceosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. Confirmation of the unperturbed structure of the mutated protein prompted re-examination of a previous mutagenesis study and indicated that the interpretation of mutant binding affinities in terms of direct interfacial contacts should be applied with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirkpatrick
- Structural and Computational Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Hardin JW, Reyes FE, Batey RT. Analysis of a critical interaction within the archaeal box C/D small ribonucleoprotein complex. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:15317-24. [PMID: 19336398 PMCID: PMC2685712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m901368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In archaea and eukarya, box C/D ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes are responsible for 2'-O-methylation of tRNAs and rRNAs. The archaeal box C/D small RNP complex requires a small RNA component (sRNA) possessing Watson-Crick complementarity to the target RNA along with three proteins: L7Ae, Nop5p, and fibrillarin. Transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to the target RNA is performed by fibrillarin, which by itself has no affinity for the sRNA-target duplex. Instead, it is targeted to the site of methylation through association with Nop5p, which in turn binds to the L7Ae-sRNA complex. To understand how Nop5p serves as a bridge between the targeting and catalytic functions of the box C/D small RNP complex, we have employed alanine scanning to evaluate the interaction between the Pyrococcus horikoshii Nop5p domain and an L7Ae box C/D RNA complex. From these data, we were able to construct an isolated RNA-binding domain (Nop-RBD) that folds correctly as demonstrated by x-ray crystallography and binds to the L7Ae box C/D RNA complex with near wild type affinity. These data demonstrate that the Nop-RBD is an autonomously folding and functional module important for protein assembly in a number of complexes centered on the L7Ae-kinkturn RNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Hardin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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31
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Boulon S, Marmier-Gourrier N, Pradet-Balade B, Wurth L, Verheggen C, Jády BE, Rothé B, Pescia C, Robert MC, Kiss T, Bardoni B, Krol A, Branlant C, Allmang C, Bertrand E, Charpentier B. The Hsp90 chaperone controls the biogenesis of L7Ae RNPs through conserved machinery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 180:579-95. [PMID: 18268104 PMCID: PMC2234240 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200708110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins of the L7Ae family are at the heart of many essential ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), including box C/D and H/ACA small nucleolar RNPs, U4 small nuclear RNP, telomerase, and messenger RNPs coding for selenoproteins. In this study, we show that Nufip and its yeast homologue Rsa1 are key components of the machinery that assembles these RNPs. We observed that Rsa1 and Nufip bind several L7Ae proteins and tether them to other core proteins in the immature particles. Surprisingly, Rsa1 and Nufip also link assembling RNPs with the AAA + adenosine triphosphatases hRvb1 and hRvb2 and with the Hsp90 chaperone through two conserved adaptors, Tah1/hSpagh and Pih1. Inhibition of Hsp90 in human cells prevents the accumulation of U3, U4, and telomerase RNAs and decreases the levels of newly synthesized hNop58, hNHP2, 15.5K, and SBP2. Thus, Hsp90 may control the folding of these proteins during the formation of new RNPs. This suggests that Hsp90 functions as a master regulator of cell proliferation by allowing simultaneous control of cell signaling and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Boulon
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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32
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Elucidating the role of C/D snoRNA in rRNA processing and modification in Trypanosoma brucei. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2007; 7:86-101. [PMID: 17981991 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00215-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) guide 2'-O methylation (Nm) on rRNA and are also involved in rRNA processing. The four core proteins that bind C/D snoRNA in Trypanosoma brucei are fibrillarin (NOP1), NOP56, NOP58, and SNU13. Silencing of NOP1 by RNA interference identified rRNA-processing and modification defects that caused lethality. Systematic mapping of 2'-O-methyls on rRNA revealed the existence of hypermethylation at certain positions of the rRNA in the bloodstream form of the parasites, suggesting that this modification may assist the parasites in coping with the major temperature changes during cycling between their insect and mammalian hosts. The rRNA-processing defects of NOP1-depleted cells suggest the involvement of C/D snoRNA in trypanosome-specific rRNA-processing events to generate the small rRNA fragments. MRP RNA, which is involved in rRNA processing, was identified in this study in one of the snoRNA gene clusters, suggesting that trypanosomes utilize a combination of unique C/D snoRNAs and conserved snoRNAs for rRNA processing.
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33
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Dobbyn HC, McEwan PA, Krause A, Novak-Frazer L, Bella J, O'Keefe RT. Analysis of pre-mRNA and pre-rRNA processing factor Snu13p structure and mutants. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:857-62. [PMID: 17631273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Snu13p is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein essential for pre-messenger RNA splicing and pre-ribosomal RNA processing. Snu13p binds U4 snRNA of the spliceosome and box C/D snoRNAs of the pre-ribosomal RNA processing machinery to induce assembly of each ribonucleoprotein complex. Here, we present structural and biochemical analysis of Snu13p. The crystal structure of Snu13p reveals a region of the protein which could be important for protein interaction during ribonucleoprotein assembly. Using the structure of Snu13p we have designed the first temperature-sensitive mutants in Snu13p, L67W and I102A. Wild-type and mutant Snu13p proteins were assayed for binding to U4 snRNA and U3 snoRNA. Both temperature-sensitive mutants displayed significantly reduced RNA binding compared to wild-type protein. As the temperature-sensitive mutations are not in the known RNA binding region of Snu13p this indicates that these mutants indirectly influence the RNA binding properties of Snu13p. This work provides insight into Snu13p function during ribonucleoprotein assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Dobbyn
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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McKeegan KS, Debieux CM, Boulon S, Bertrand E, Watkins NJ. A dynamic scaffold of pre-snoRNP factors facilitates human box C/D snoRNP assembly. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:6782-93. [PMID: 17636026 PMCID: PMC2099223 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01097-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The box C/D small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs) are essential for the processing and modification of rRNA. The core box C/D proteins are restructured during human U3 box C/D snoRNP biogenesis; however, the molecular basis of this is unclear. Here we show that the U8 snoRNP is also restructured, suggesting that this may occur with all box C/D snoRNPs. We have characterized four novel human biogenesis factors (BCD1, NOP17, NUFIP, and TAF9) which, along with the ATPases TIP48 and TIP49, are likely to be involved in the formation of the pre-snoRNP. We have analyzed the in vitro protein-protein interactions between the assembly factors and core box C/D proteins. Surprisingly, this revealed few interactions between the individual core box C/D proteins. However, the novel biogenesis factors and TIP48 and TIP49 interacted with one or more of the core box C/D proteins, implying that they mediate the assembly of the pre-snoRNP. Consistent with this, we show that NUFIP bridges interactions between the core box C/D proteins in a partially reconstituted pre-snoRNP. Restructuring of the core complex probably reflects the conversion of the pre-snoRNP, where core protein-protein interactions are maintained by the bridging biogenesis factors, to the mature snoRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Scott McKeegan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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35
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Papa S, Monti SM, Vitale RM, Bubici C, Jayawardena S, Alvarez K, De Smaele E, Dathan N, Pedone C, Ruvo M, Franzoso G. Insights into the structural basis of the GADD45beta-mediated inactivation of the JNK kinase, MKK7/JNKK2. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:19029-41. [PMID: 17485467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-kappaB/Rel factors control programmed cell death (PCD), and this control is crucial to oncogenesis, cancer chemoresistance, and antagonism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-induced killing. With TNFalpha, NF-kappaB-mediated protection involves suppression of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, and we have identified Gadd45beta, a member of the Gadd45 family, as a pivotal effector of this activity of NF-kappaB. Inhibition of TNFalpha-induced JNK signaling by Gadd45beta depends on direct targeting of the JNK kinase, MKK7/JNKK2. The mechanism by which Gadd45beta blunts MKK7, however, is unknown. Here we show that Gadd45beta is a structured protein with a predicted four-stranded beta-sheet core, five alpha-helices, and two acidic loops. Association of Gadd45beta with MKK7 involves a network of interactions mediated by its putative helices alpha3 and alpha4 and loops 1 and 2. Whereas alpha3 appears to primarily mediate docking to MKK7, loop 1 and alpha4-loop 2 seemingly afford kinase inactivation by engaging the ATP-binding site and causing conformational changes that impede catalytic function. These data provide a basis for Gadd45beta-mediated blockade of MKK7, and ultimately, TNFalpha-induced PCD. They also have important implications for treatment of widespread diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Papa
- The Ben May Institute for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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36
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Liu S, Li P, Dybkov O, Nottrott S, Hartmuth K, Lührmann R, Carlomagno T, Wahl MC. Binding of the human Prp31 Nop domain to a composite RNA-protein platform in U4 snRNP. Science 2007; 316:115-20. [PMID: 17412961 DOI: 10.1126/science.1137924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although highly homologous, the spliceosomal hPrp31 and the nucleolar Nop56 and Nop58 (Nop56/58) proteins recognize different ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles. hPrp31 interacts with complexes containing the 15.5K protein and U4 or U4atac small nuclear RNA (snRNA), whereas Nop56/58 associate with 15.5K-box C/D small nucleolar RNA complexes. We present structural and biochemical analyses of hPrp31-15.5K-U4 snRNA complexes that show how the conserved Nop domain in hPrp31 maintains high RNP binding selectivity despite relaxed RNA sequence requirements. The Nop domain is a genuine RNP binding module, exhibiting RNA and protein binding surfaces. Yeast two-hybrid analyses suggest a link between retinitis pigmentosa and an aberrant hPrp31-hPrp6 interaction that blocks U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunbin Liu
- Abteilung Zelluläre Biochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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37
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Wang Y, Liu J, Zhao H, Lü W, Zhao J, Yang L, Li N, Du X, Ke Y. Human 1A6/DRIM, the homolog of yeast Utp20, functions in the 18S rRNA processing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:863-8. [PMID: 17498821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
1A6/DRIM is a nucleolar protein with a nucleolar targeting sequence in its 3'-terminus. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that human 1A6/DRIM shares 23% identity and 43% similarity with yeast Utp20, which has been reported as a component of U3 snoRNA protein complex and has been implicated in 18S rRNA processing. In the present study, we found, by utilizing RT-PCR with RNA extracted from anti-1A6/DRIM immunoprecipitates and Northern blotting, that 1A6/DRIM is associated with U3 snoRNA. Pulse-chase labeling assays showed that silencing of 1A6/DRIM expression in HeLa cells resulted in a delayed 18S rRNA processing. Furthermore, immunoprecipitations revealed that 1A6/DRIM was also associated with fibrillarin, another U3 RNP component in HeLa cells. These results indicate that 1A6/DRIM is involved in 18S rRNA processing and is the bona fide mammalian Utp20.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Beijing Institute for Cancer Research, School of Oncology, Peking University, 52 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100036, China
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Matera AG, Terns RM, Terns MP. Non-coding RNAs: lessons from the small nuclear and small nucleolar RNAs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:209-20. [PMID: 17318225 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have fuelled rapid growth in our appreciation of the tremendous number, diversity and biological importance of non-coding (nc)RNAs. Because ncRNAs typically function as ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and not as naked RNAs, understanding their biogenesis is crucial to comprehending their regulation and function. The small nuclear and small nucleolar RNPs are two well studied classes of ncRNPs with elaborate assembly and trafficking pathways that provide paradigms for understanding the biogenesis of other ncRNPs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Humans
- Nucleic Acid Conformation
- RNA, Small Nuclear/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nuclear/genetics
- RNA, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/chemistry
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/genetics
- RNA, Small Nucleolar/metabolism
- RNA, Untranslated/chemistry
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/metabolism
- Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nucleolar/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gregory Matera
- Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4955, USA.
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Reichow SL, Hamma T, Ferré-D'Amaré AR, Varani G. The structure and function of small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 35:1452-64. [PMID: 17284456 PMCID: PMC1865073 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl1172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes and archaea use two sets of specialized ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) to carry out sequence-specific methylation and pseudouridylation of RNA, the two most abundant types of modifications of cellular RNAs. In eukaryotes, these protein–RNA complexes localize to the nucleolus and are called small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs), while in archaea they are known as small RNPs (sRNP). The C/D class of sno(s)RNPs carries out ribose-2′-O-methylation, while the H/ACA class is responsible for pseudouridylation of their RNA targets. Here, we review the recent advances in the structure, assembly and function of the conserved C/D and H/ACA sno(s)RNPs. Structures of each of the core archaeal sRNP proteins have been determined and their assembly pathways delineated. Furthermore, the recent structure of an H/ACA complex has revealed the organization of a complete sRNP. Combined with current biochemical data, these structures offer insight into the highly homologous eukaryotic snoRNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve L. Reichow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA and Department of Biochemistry, University of WA, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
| | - Tomoko Hamma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA and Department of Biochemistry, University of WA, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
| | - Adrian R. Ferré-D'Amaré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA and Department of Biochemistry, University of WA, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
| | - Gabriele Varani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, WA 98195-1700, USA, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA and Department of Biochemistry, University of WA, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195-7350, USA
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. +(206) 543 1610+(206) 685 8665
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Cléry A, Senty-Ségault V, Leclerc F, Raué HA, Branlant C. Analysis of sequence and structural features that identify the B/C motif of U3 small nucleolar RNA as the recognition site for the Snu13p-Rrp9p protein pair. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 27:1191-206. [PMID: 17145781 PMCID: PMC1800722 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01287-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The eukaryal Snu13p/15.5K protein binds K-turn motifs in U4 snRNA and snoRNAs. Two Snu13p/15.5K molecules bind the nucleolar U3 snoRNA required for the early steps of preribosomal processing. Binding of one molecule on the C'/D motif allows association of proteins Nop1p, Nop56p, and Nop58p, whereas binding of the second molecule on the B/C motif allows Rrp9p recruitment. To understand how the Snu13p-Rrp9p pair recognizes the B/C motif, we first improved the identification of RNA determinants required for Snu13p binding by experiments using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. This demonstrated the importance of a U.U pair stacked on the sheared pairs and revealed a direct link between Snu13p affinity and the stability of helices I and II. Sequence and structure requirements for efficient association of Rrp9p on the B/C motif were studied in yeast cells by expression of variant U3 snoRNAs and immunoselection assays. A G-C pair in stem II, a G residue at position 1 in the bulge, and a short stem I were found to be required. The data identify the in vivo function of most of the conserved residues of the U3 snoRNA B/C motif. They bring important information to understand how different K-turn motifs can recruit different sets of proteins after Snu13p association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cléry
- Laboratoire de Maturation des ARN et Enzymologie Moléculaire, UMR 7567, Université Henri Poincaré, Nancy I, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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