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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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2
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Zheng Y, Li X, Nie H, Zhang F, Xun J, Xu S, Wu L. Organophosphate flame retardants tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) disrupt human motor neuron development by differentially affecting their survival and differentiation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174772. [PMID: 39019263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence in animal experiments proves that early life stage exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) affects the locomotor behavior and changes the transcriptions of central nervous system genes. Unfortunately, their effect on human motor neuron (MN) development, which is necessary for body locomotion and survival, has not yet characterized. Here, we utilized a spinal cord MN differentiation model from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adopted this model to test the effects of two typical OPFRs tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) and tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), on MN development and the possible mechanisms underlying. Our findings revealed TBEP exerted a much more inhibitory effect on MN survival, while TCEP exhibited a stronger stimulatory effect on ESCs differentiation into MN, and thus TBEP exhibited a stronger inhibition on MN development than TCEP. RNA sequencing analysis identified TBEP and TCEP inhibited MN survival mainly by disrupting extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction. Focusing on the pathway guided MN differentiation, we found both TBEP and TCEP activated BMP signaling, whereas TCEP simultaneously downregulated Wnt signaling. Collectively, this is the first study demonstrated TBEP and TCEP disrupted human MN development by affecting their survival and differentiation, thereby raising concern about their potential harm in causing MN disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zheng
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Haifeng Nie
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Fangrong Zhang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jiali Xun
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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3
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Meuten TK, Dean GA, Thamm DH. Review: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal transduction pathway in canine cancer. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:339-356. [PMID: 37905509 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231207021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumors in dogs and humans share many similar molecular and genetic features, incentivizing a better understanding of canine neoplasms not only for the purpose of treating companion animals, but also to facilitate research of spontaneously developing tumors with similar biologic behavior and treatment approaches in an immunologically competent animal model. Multiple tumor types of both species have similar dysregulation of signal transduction through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB; AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), collectively known as the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. This review aims to delineate the pertinent aspects of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway in health and in tumor development. It will then present a synopsis of current understanding of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in important canine cancers and advancements in targeted inhibitors of this pathway.
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de Paiva IHR, da Silva RS, Mendonça IP, Duarte-Silva E, Botelho de Souza JR, Peixoto CA. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharide (GOS) Improve Neuroinflammation and Cognition By Up-regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Diet-induced Obese Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:427-447. [PMID: 37382830 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-023-10069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that prebiotics as an alternative treatment for neuropsychiatric diseases. This study evaluated the prebiotics Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) on the modulation of neuroinflammation and cognition in an experimental model of mice high-fat diet fed. Initially, mice were distributed in the following groups: (A) control standard diet (n = 15) and (B) HFD for 18 weeks (n = 30). In the 13th week, the mice were later divided into the following experimental groups: (A) Control (n = 15); (B) HFD (n = 14); and (C) HFD + Prebiotics (n = 14). From the 13th week, the HFD + Prebiotics group received a high-fat diet and a combination of FOS and GOS. In the 18th week, all animals performed the T-maze and Barnes Maze, and were later euthanized. Biochemical and molecular analyzes were performed to assess neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and intestinal inflammation. Mice fed HFD had higher blood glucose, triglyceridemia, cholesterolemia, and higher serum IL-1β associated with impaired learning and memory. These obese mice also showed activation of microglia and astrocytes and significant immunoreactivity of neuroinflammatory and apoptosis markers, such as TNF-α, COX-2, and Caspase-3, in addition to lower expression of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity markers, such as NeuN, KI-67, CREB-p, and BDNF. FOS and GOS treatment significantly improved the biochemistry profile and decreased serum IL-1β levels. Treatment with FOS and GOS also reduced TNF-α, COX-2, Caspase-3, Iba-1, and GFAP-positive cells in the dentate gyrus, decreasing neuroinflammation and neuronal death caused by chronic HFD consumption. In addition, FOS and GOS promoted synaptic plasticity by increasing NeuN, p-CREB, BDNF, and KI-67, restoring spatial learning ability and memory. Moreover, FOS and GOS on HFD modulated the insulin pathway, which was proved by up-regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, followed by a decreasing Aβ plate and Tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, the prebiotic intervention reshaped the HFD-induced imbalanced gut microbiota by modulating the composition of the bacterial community, markedly increasing Bacteroidetes. In addition, prebiotics decreased intestinal inflammation and leaky gut. In conclusion, FOS and GOS significantly modulated the gut microbiota and IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, decreased neuroinflammation, and promoted neuroplasticity improving spatial learning and memory. Schematic summarizing of the pathways by FOS and GOS improves memory and learning through the gut-brain axis. FOS and GOS improve the microbial profile, reducing intestinal inflammation and leaky gut in the distal colon. Specifically, the administration of FOS and GOS decreases the expression of TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MMP9 and increases the expression of occludin and IL-10. Prebiotics inhibit neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and reactive gliosis in the hippocampus but restore synaptic plasticity, neuronal proliferation, and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, CEP, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares da Silva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, CEP, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, CEP, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, CEP, 50670-420, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, FIOCRUZ, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife, CEP, 50670-420, Brazil.
- Institute of Science and Technology On Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Fricke AL, Mühlhäuser WWD, Reimann L, Zimmermann JP, Reichenbach C, Knapp B, Peikert CD, Heberle AM, Faessler E, Schäuble S, Hahn U, Thedieck K, Radziwill G, Warscheid B. Phosphoproteomics Profiling Defines a Target Landscape of the Basophilic Protein Kinases AKT, S6K, and RSK in Skeletal Myotubes. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:768-789. [PMID: 36763541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction plays an important role in regulating the functions and fate of skeletal muscle cells. Central players in the phospho-signaling network are the protein kinases AKT, S6K, and RSK as part of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR-S6K and RAF-MEK-ERK-RSK pathways. However, despite their functional importance, knowledge about their specific targets is incomplete because these kinases share the same basophilic substrate motif RxRxxp[ST]. To address this, we performed a multifaceted quantitative phosphoproteomics study of skeletal myotubes following kinase inhibition. Our data corroborate a cross talk between AKT and RAF, a negative feedback loop of RSK on ERK, and a putative connection between RSK and PI3K signaling. Altogether, we report a kinase target landscape containing 49 so far unknown target sites. AKT, S6K, and RSK phosphorylate numerous proteins involved in muscle development, integrity, and functions, and signaling converges on factors that are central for the skeletal muscle cytoskeleton. Whereas AKT controls insulin signaling and impinges on GTPase signaling, nuclear signaling is characteristic for RSK. Our data further support a role of RSK in glucose metabolism. Shared targets have functions in RNA maturation, stability, and translation, which suggests that these basophilic kinases establish an intricate signaling network to orchestrate and regulate processes involved in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Fricke
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Wignand W D Mühlhäuser
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Reimann
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes P Zimmermann
- Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christa Reichenbach
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Knapp
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian D Peikert
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Erik Faessler
- Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany.,Systems Biology and Bioinformatics Unit, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology─Leibniz-HKI, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Udo Hahn
- Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700 RB, The Netherlands.,Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Gerald Radziwill
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Biochemistry II, Theodor Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Pontrello CG, McWhirt JM, Glabe CG, Brewer GJ. Age-Related Oxidative Redox and Metabolic Changes Precede Intraneuronal Amyloid-β Accumulation and Plaque Deposition in a Transgenic Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1501-1521. [PMID: 36278355 PMCID: PMC9789488 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many identified mechanisms could be upstream of the prominent amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To profile the progression of pathology in AD. METHODS We monitored metabolic signaling, redox stress, intraneuronal amyloid-β (iAβ) accumulation, and extracellular plaque deposition in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice across the lifespan. RESULTS Intracellular accumulation of aggregated Aβ in the CA1 pyramidal cells at 9 months preceded extracellular plaques that first presented in the CA1 at 16 months of age. In biochemical assays, brain glutathione (GSH) declined with age in both 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic controls, but the decline was accelerated in 3xTg-AD brains from 2 to 4 months. The decline in GSH correlated exponentially with the rise in iAβ. Integrated metabolic signaling as the ratio of phospho-Akt (pAkt) to total Akt (tAkt) in the PI3kinase and mTOR pathway declined at 6, 9, and 12 months, before rising at 16 and 20 months. These pAkt/tAkt ratios correlated with both iAβ and GSH levels in a U-shaped relationship. Selective vulnerability of age-related AD-genotype-specific pAkt changes was greatest in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer. To demonstrate redox causation, iAβ accumulation was lowered in cultured middle-age adult 3xTg-AD neurons by treatment of the oxidized redox state in the neurons with exogenous cysteine. CONCLUSION The order of pathologic progression in the 3xTg-AD mouse was loss of GSH (oxidative redox shift) followed by a pAkt/tAkt metabolic shift in CA1, iAβ accumulation in CA1, and extracellular Aβ deposition. Upstream targets may prove strategically more effective for therapy before irreversible changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal G. Pontrello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua M. McWhirt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Charles G. Glabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
MIND Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Brewer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
Center for Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,
MIND Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Gregory J. Brewer, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Tel.: +1 217 502 4511; E-mail:
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7
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Guo XR, He CW, Gao H, Hua RX, Liang C, Du YX, Shang HW, Lu X, Xu JD. Insight into role of short chain fatty acids in regulating intestinal mucosal barrier and alleviating inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:928-940. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i21.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining the human intestinal environment has been gradually revealed. Therefore, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as the metabolites produced by the intestinal microbiota, play a momentous part in regulating the balance between the function and morphology of the mucosal barrier, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mucosal cells, protecting the integrity and permeability of the mucosal barrier, and maintainingthe stability of tight junctions. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with a disturbance of intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the intestinal immune responses, the etiology and pathogenesis of which, however, are not yet fully uncovered. Animal models and human studies have corroborated the contribution of SCFAs in enhancing the barrier function through protective effects. This review will summarize the potential role of SCFAs in IBD with regard to regulating intestinal function, hoping to provide a new target for clinical treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ran Guo
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Rong-Xuan Hua
- 2020 Clinical Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Chen Liang
- 2019 Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Du
- 2020 Oral Medicine of "5+3" Program, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong-Wei Shang
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Teaching Laboratory of Morphology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing-Dong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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8
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Jakubik CT, Weckerly CC, Hammond GR, Bresnick AR, Backer JM. PIP 3 abundance overcomes PI3K signaling selectivity in invadopodia. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:417-426. [PMID: 34990021 PMCID: PMC8885911 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PI3Kβ is required for invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation by breast cancer cells. Invadopodia maturation requires GPCR activation of PI3Kβ and its coupling to SHIP2 to produce PI(3,4)P2 . We now test whether selectivity for PI3Kβ is preserved under conditions of mutational increases in PI3K activity. In breast cancer cells where PI3Kβ is inhibited, short-chain diC8-PIP3 rescues gelatin degradation in a SHIP2-dependent manner; rescue by diC8-PI(3,4)P2 is SHIP2-independent. Surprisingly, the expression of either activated PI3Kβ or PI3Kα mutants rescued the effects of PI3Kβ inhibition. In both cases, gelatin degradation was SHIP2-dependent. These data confirm the requirement for PIP3 conversion to PI(3,4)P2 for invadopodia function and suggest that selectivity for distinct PI3K isotypes may be obviated by mutational activation of the PI3K pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Jakubik
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY
| | - Claire C. Weckerly
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gerald R.V. Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY
| | - Jonathan M. Backer
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY
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9
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Wang Q, Tao C, Hannan A, Yoon S, Min X, Peregrin J, Qu X, Li H, Yu H, Zhao J, Zhang X. Lacrimal gland budding requires PI3K-dependent suppression of EGF signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/27/eabf1068. [PMID: 34193412 PMCID: PMC8245041 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The patterning of epithelial buds is determined by the underlying signaling network. Here, we study the cross-talk between phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Ras signaling during lacrimal gland budding morphogenesis. Our results show that PI3K is activated by both the p85-mediated insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Ras-mediated fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. On the other hand, PI3K also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling via a direct interaction with Ras. Both PI3K and ERK are upstream regulators of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and, together, they prevent expansion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor expression from the lacrimal gland stalk to the bud region. We further show that this suppression of EGF signaling is necessary for induction of lacrimal gland buds. These results reveal that the interplay between PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and mTOR mediates the cross-talk among FGF, IGF, and EGF signaling in support of lacrimal gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chenqi Tao
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdul Hannan
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sungtae Yoon
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuanyu Min
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Peregrin
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiuxia Qu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongge Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Honglian Yu
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Jean Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Scheffler L, Feicht S, Babushku T, Kuhn LB, Ehrenberg S, Frankenberger S, Lehmann FM, Hobeika E, Jungnickel B, Baccarini M, Bornkamm GW, Strobl LJ, Zimber-Strobl U. ERK phosphorylation is RAF independent in naïve and activated B cells but RAF dependent in plasma cell differentiation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc1648. [PMID: 33975980 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Members of the RAF family of serine-threonine kinases are intermediates in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) signaling pathway, which controls key differentiation processes in B cells. By analyzing mice with B cell-specific deletion of Raf1, Braf, or both, we showed that Raf-1 and B-Raf acted together in mediating the positive selection of pre-B and transitional B cells as well as in initiating plasma cell differentiation. However, genetic or chemical inactivation of RAFs led to increased ERK phosphorylation in mature B cells. ERK activation in the absence of Raf-1 and B-Raf was mediated by multiple RAF-independent pathways, with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) playing an important role. Furthermore, we found that ERK phosphorylation strongly increased during the transition from activated B cells to pre-plasmablasts. This increase in ERK phosphorylation did not occur in B cells lacking both Raf-1 and B-Raf, which most likely explains the partial block of plasma cell differentiation in mice lacking both RAFs. Collectively, our data indicate that B-Raf and Raf-1 are not necessary to mediate ERK phosphorylation in naïve or activated B cells but are essential for mediating the marked increase in ERK phosphorylation during the transition from activated B cells to pre-plasmablasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheffler
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Feicht
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tea Babushku
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura B Kuhn
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ehrenberg
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha Frankenberger
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Frank M Lehmann
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Molecular Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, D-79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Berit Jungnickel
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Hans-Knoell-Strasse 2, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Manuela Baccarini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology, and Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Vienna, Max Perutz Labs, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg W Bornkamm
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar J Strobl
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Marchioninistrasse 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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11
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Leask A. The hard problem: Mechanotransduction perpetuates the myofibroblast phenotype in scleroderma fibrosis. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:582-587. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Leask
- College of Dentistry University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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12
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Colella B, Colardo M, Iannone G, Contadini C, Saiz-Ladera C, Fuoco C, Barilà D, Velasco G, Segatto M, Di Bartolomeo S. mTOR Inhibition Leads to Src-Mediated EGFR Internalisation and Degradation in Glioma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2266. [PMID: 32823532 PMCID: PMC7464593 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor widely expressed on the surface of numerous cell types, which activates several downstream signalling pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration and survival. EGFR alterations, such as overexpression or mutations, have been frequently observed in several cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM), and are associated to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Here we show that the inhibition of mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) mediates EGFR delivery to lysosomes for degradation in GBM cells, independently of autophagy activation. Coherently with EGFR internalisation and degradation, mTOR blockade negatively affects the mitogen activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway. Furthermore, we provide evidence that Src kinase activation is required for EGFR internaliation upon mTOR inhibition. Our results further support the hypothesis that mTOR targeting may represent an effective therapeutic strategy in GBM management, as its inhibition results in EGFR degradation and in proliferative signal alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Colella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Gianna Iannone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Claudia Contadini
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Saiz-Ladera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-L.); (G.V.)
| | - Claudia Fuoco
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of RomeTor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (C.F.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.-L.); (G.V.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche (IS), Italy; (B.C.); (M.C.); (G.I.); (M.S.)
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13
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Bautista L, Knippler CM, Ringel MD. p21-Activated Kinases in Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa105. [PMID: 32609833 PMCID: PMC7417880 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are oncogenic proteins that regulate critical cellular functions. PAKs play central signaling roles in the integrin/CDC42/Rho, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, functioning both as kinases and scaffolds to regulate cell motility, mitosis and proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and other cellular activities. PAKs have been implicated in both the development and progression of a wide range of cancers, including breast cancer, pancreatic melanoma, thyroid cancer, and others. Here we will discuss the current knowledge on the structure and biological functions of both group I and group II PAKs, as well as the roles that PAKs play in oncogenesis and progression, with a focus on thyroid cancer and emerging data regarding BRAF/PAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bautista
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christina M Knippler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, and Cancer Biology Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Signaling Determinants of Glioma Cell Invasion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:129-149. [PMID: 32034712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell invasiveness is a critical challenge in the clinical management of glioma patients. In addition, there is accumulating evidence that current therapeutic modalities, including anti-angiogenic therapy and radiotherapy, can enhance glioma invasiveness. Glioma cell invasion is stimulated by both autocrine and paracrine factors that act on a large array of cell surface-bound receptors. Key signaling elements that mediate receptor-initiated signaling in the regulation of glioblastoma invasion are Rho family GTPases, including Rac, RhoA and Cdc42. These GTPases regulate cell morphology and actin dynamics and stimulate cell squeezing through the narrow extracellular spaces that are typical of the brain parenchyma. Transient attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is also necessary for glioblastoma cell invasion. Interactions with extracellular matrix components are mediated by integrins that initiate diverse intracellular signalling pathways. Key signaling elements stimulated by integrins include PI3K, Akt, mTOR and MAP kinases. In order to detach from the tumor mass, glioma cells secrete proteolytic enzymes that cleave cell surface adhesion molecules, including CD44 and L1. Key proteases produced by glioma cells include uPA, ADAMs and MMPs. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control glioma cell invasion has led to the identification of molecular targets for therapeutic intervention in this devastating disease.
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15
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Eda SR, Jinka R. Combined e-pharmacophore based screening and docking of PI3 kinase with potential inhibitors from a database of natural compounds. Bioinformation 2019; 15:709-715. [PMID: 31831952 PMCID: PMC6900324 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospho inositide 3-kinase (PI3 K) is a promising target for the design of anticancer drugs and is of significant concern in developing selective isoforms as
inhibitors for cancer treatments. The results obtained from the computational analysis were selected based on Glide score and drug binding interaction features.
Molecular docking studies and prime MM-GBSA energy calculations showed STOCK1N-77648 with optimal binding features for further consideration. The hydrogen bonding
patterns between the top three molecules STOCK1N-91335, STOCK1N-70036 and STOCK1N-77648 and the target protein based on G-scores is reported. The STOCK1N-77648
ligand molecule has protein residue interactions similar to that of interactions with the known inhibitor copanlisib. These data illustrates selectivity of the
small molecular PI3 K inhibitors through screening and molecular docking for further in vitro and in vivo consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidhar Reddy Eda
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeswari Jinka
- Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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16
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Erami Z, Heitz S, Bresnick AR, Backer JM. PI3Kβ links integrin activation and PI(3,4)P 2 production during invadopodial maturation. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2367-2376. [PMID: 31318314 PMCID: PMC6741064 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasion of tumor cells from the primary tumor is mediated by invadopodia, actin-rich protrusive organelles that secrete matrix metalloproteases and degrade the extracellular matrix. This coupling between protrusive activity and matrix degradation facilitates tumor invasion. We previously reported that the PI3Kβ isoform of PI 3-kinase, which is regulated by both receptor tyrosine kinases and G protein-coupled receptors, is required for invasion and gelatin degradation in breast cancer cells. We have now defined the mechanism by which PI3Kβ regulates invadopodia. We find that PI3Kβ is specifically activated downstream from integrins, and is required for integrin-stimulated spreading and haptotaxis as well as integrin-stimulated invadopodia formation. Surprisingly, these integrin-stimulated and PI3Kβ-dependent responses require the production of PI(3,4)P2 by the phosphoinositide 5'-phosphatase SHIP2. Thus, integrin activation of PI3Kβ is coupled to the SHIP2-dependent production of PI(3,4)P2, which regulates the recruitment of PH domain-containing scaffolds such as lamellipodin to invadopodia. These findings provide novel mechanistic insight into the role of PI3Kβ in the regulation of invadopodia in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Erami
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Samantha Heitz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Anne R. Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Jonathan M. Backer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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17
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SHOC2 phosphatase-dependent RAF dimerization mediates resistance to MEK inhibition in RAS-mutant cancers. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2532. [PMID: 31182717 PMCID: PMC6557854 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted inhibition of the ERK-MAPK pathway, upregulated in a majority of human cancers, has been hindered in the clinic by drug resistance and toxicity. The MRAS-SHOC2-PP1 (SHOC2 phosphatase) complex plays a key role in RAF-ERK pathway activation by dephosphorylating a critical inhibitory site on RAF kinases. Here we show that genetic inhibition of SHOC2 suppresses tumorigenic growth in a subset of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cell lines and prominently inhibits tumour development in autochthonous murine KRAS-driven lung cancer models. On the other hand, systemic SHOC2 ablation in adult mice is relatively well tolerated. Furthermore, we show that SHOC2 deletion selectively sensitizes KRAS- and EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells to MEK inhibitors. Mechanistically, SHOC2 deletion prevents MEKi-induced RAF dimerization, leading to more potent and durable ERK pathway suppression that promotes BIM-dependent apoptosis. These results present a rationale for the generation of SHOC2 phosphatase targeted therapies, both as a monotherapy and to widen the therapeutic index of MEK inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of the ERK-MAPK pathway is challenged by the development of resistance and toxicity. Here, the authors show that SHOC2 genetic inhibition impairs lung tumour development and improves MEK inhibitor efficacy in RAS- and EGFR-mutant cells.
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18
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Kulesza DW, Przanowski P, Kaminska B. Knockdown of STAT3 targets a subpopulation of invasive melanoma stem-like cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 43:613-622. [PMID: 30958597 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is constitutively activated in many cancers, including melanomas. Active, phosphorylated STAT3 contributes to tumor growth and formation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Recent evidence suggests an important role of STAT3 in self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). In the present study, we aimed to determine the expression and role of active STAT3 in melanoma CSCs. We found the increased levels of phosphorylated (Y705) STAT3 in CSC sphere cultures derived from three human and murine melanoma cells. Knockdown of STAT3 did not affect basal proliferation, but reduced sphere forming capacity of two human melanoma cell lines. Moreover, the level of active STAT3 was elevated in rhodamine 123 negative subpopulations of CSCs sorted from three melanoma cell lines. We found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and AKT signaling pathways, implicated in the regulation of cell migration and invasion, were up-regulated in melanoma CSCs. Moreover, expression of SERPINA3, which regulates melanoma invasion, was increased in melanoma CSCs sphere cultures, which correlated with augmented cell invasion in Matrigel. Our findings show that STAT3 is activated and supports maintenance of melanoma CSCs. It suggests that STAT3 could serve as a potential target to impair tumor progression or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota W Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Przanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, The Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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19
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Kozlova NI, Morozevich GE, Ushakova NA, Berman AE. Implication of integrin α2β1 in anoikis of SK-Mel-147 human melanoma cells: a non-canonical function of Akt protein kinase. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1829-1839. [PMID: 30956761 PMCID: PMC6443001 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppression of anoikis, a kind of apoptosis caused by disruption of contacts between cell and extracellular matrix, is an important prerequisite for cancer cell metastasis. In this communication, we demonstrate that shRNA-mediated depletion of α2 integrin subunit induces anoikis and substantially decreases colony-forming potential in SK-Mel-147 human melanoma cells. Suppression of α2β1 upregulates the levels of pro-apoptotic protein p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. Concomitantly, we detected decrease in the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cell cycle regulator c-Myc. Moreover, depletion of α2β1 reduces the activity of protein kinase Erk, while increases activity of Akt kinase. Pharmacological inhibition of P3IK kinase, an upstream activator of Akt, greatly enhanced anoikis in control cells while reduced that in cells with decreased levels of α2β1. Of three isoforms of Akt, down-regulation of Akt1 greatly diminished anoikis of cells depleted of α2β1, while down-regulation of Akt2 and Akt3 sharply increased anoikis in these cells. These findings were supported by the data of pharmacological inhibition of the Akt isoforms. Our results demonstrate for the first time that anoikis induced by α2β1 integrin knockdown can be attenuated by Akt1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Albert E Berman
- VN Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Baroncelli M, Fuhler GM, van de Peppel J, Zambuzzi WF, van Leeuwen JP, van der Eerden BCJ, Peppelenbosch MP. Human mesenchymal stromal cells in adhesion to cell-derived extracellular matrix and titanium: Comparative kinome profile analysis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:2984-2996. [PMID: 30058720 PMCID: PMC6585805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) physically supports cells and influences stem cell behaviour, modulating kinase-mediated signalling cascades. Cell-derived ECMs have emerged in bone regeneration as they reproduce physiological tissue-architecture and ameliorate mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) properties. Titanium scaffolds show good mechanical properties, facilitate cell adhesion, and have been routinely used for bone tissue engineering (BTE). We analyzed the kinomic signature of human MSCs in adhesion to an osteopromotive osteoblast-derived ECM, and compared it to MSCs on titanium. PamChip kinase-array analysis revealed 63 phosphorylated peptides on ECM and 59 on titanium, with MSCs on ECM exhibiting significantly higher kinase activity than on titanium. MSCs on the two substrates showed overlapping kinome profiles, with activation of similar signalling pathways (FAK, ERK, and PI3K signalling). Inhibition of PI3K signalling in cells significantly reduced adhesion to ECM and increased the number of nonadherent cells on both substrates. In summary, this study comprehensively characterized the kinase activity in MSCs on cell-derived ECM and titanium, highlighting the role of PI3K signalling in kinomic changes regulating osteoblast viability and adhesion. Kinome profile analysis represents a powerful tool to select pathways to better understand cell behaviour. Osteoblast-derived ECM could be further investigated as titanium scaffold-coating to improve BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baroncelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Quimica e BioquimicaInstituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista‐UNESPSão PauloBrazil
| | - Johannes P. van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bram C. J. van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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21
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Bhat AA, Uppada S, Achkar IW, Hashem S, Yadav SK, Shanmugakonar M, Al-Naemi HA, Haris M, Uddin S. Tight Junction Proteins and Signaling Pathways in Cancer and Inflammation: A Functional Crosstalk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1942. [PMID: 30728783 PMCID: PMC6351700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of epithelial cells to organize through cell–cell adhesion into a functioning epithelium serves the purpose of a tight epithelial protective barrier. Contacts between adjacent cells are made up of tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes with unique cellular functions and a complex molecular composition. These proteins mediate firm mechanical stability, serves as a gatekeeper for the paracellular pathway, and helps in preserving tissue homeostasis. TJ proteins are involved in maintaining cell polarity, in establishing organ-specific apical domains and also in recruiting signaling proteins involved in the regulation of various important cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, and migration. As a vital component of the epithelial barrier, TJs are under a constant threat from proinflammatory mediators, pathogenic viruses and bacteria, aiding inflammation and the development of disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients reveal loss of TJ barrier function, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and immune dysregulation; yet, the relationship between these events is partly understood. Although TJ barrier defects are inadequate to cause experimental IBD, mucosal immune activation is changed in response to augmented epithelial permeability. Thus, the current studies suggest that altered barrier function may predispose or increase disease progression and therapies targeted to specifically restore the barrier function may provide a substitute or supplement to immunologic-based therapies. This review provides a brief introduction about the TJs, AJs, structure and function of TJ proteins. The link between TJ proteins and key signaling pathways in cell proliferation, transformation, and metastasis is discussed thoroughly. We also discuss the compromised intestinal TJ integrity under inflammatory conditions, and the signaling mechanisms involved that bridge inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Srijayaprakash Uppada
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Iman W Achkar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Santosh K Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Conduit SE, Hakim S, Feeney SJ, Ooms LM, Dyson JM, Abud HE, Mitchell CA. β-catenin ablation exacerbates polycystic kidney disease progression. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:230-244. [PMID: 30265301 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) results from excessive renal epithelial cell proliferation, leading to the formation of large fluid filled cysts which impair renal function and frequently lead to renal failure. Hyperactivation of numerous signaling pathways is hypothesized to promote renal epithelial cell hyperproliferation including mTORC1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and WNT signaling. β-catenin and its target genes are overexpressed in some PKD models and expression of activated β-catenin induces cysts in mice; however, β-catenin murine knockout studies indicate it may also inhibit cystogenesis. Therefore, it remains unclear whether β-catenin is pro- or anti-cystogenic and whether its role is canonical WNT signaling-dependent. Here, we investigate whether β-catenin deletion in a PKD model with hyperactived β-catenin signaling affects disease progression to address whether increased β-catenin drives PKD. We used renal epithelial cell specific Inpp5e-null PKD mice which we report exhibit increased β-catenin and target gene expression in the cystic kidneys. Surprisingly, co-deletion of β-catenin with Inpp5e in renal epithelial cells exacerbated polycystic kidney disease and renal failure compared to Inpp5e deletion alone, but did not normalize β-catenin target gene expression. β-catenin/Inpp5e double-knockout kidneys exhibited increased cyst initiation, cell proliferation and MEK/ERK signaling compared to Inpp5e-null, associated with increased fibrosis, which may collectively contribute to accelerated disease. Therefore, increased β-catenin and WNT target gene expression are not necessarily cyst promoting. Rather β-catenin may play a dual and context-dependent role in PKD and in the presence of other cyst-inducing mutations (Inpp5e-deletion); β-catenin loss may exacerbate disease in a WNT target gene-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Conduit
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Hakim
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra J Feeney
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Dyson
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Abud
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Abstract
Memory for antigens once encountered is a hallmark of the immune system of vertebrates, providing us with an immunity adapted to pathogens of our environment. Despite its fundamental relevance, the cells and genes representing immunological memory are still poorly understood. Here we discuss the concept of a circulating, proliferating, and ubiquitous population of effector lymphocytes vs concepts of resting and dormant populations of dedicated memory lymphocytes, distinct from effector lymphocytes and residing in defined tissues, particularly in barrier tissues and in the bone marrow. The lifestyle of memory plasma cells of the bone marrow may serve as a paradigm, showing that persistence of memory lymphocytes is not defined by intrinsic "half-lives", but rather conditional on distinct survival signals provided by dedicated niches. These niches are organized by individual mesenchymal stromal cells. They define the capacity of immunological memory and regulate its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum Berlina Leibniz InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Koji Tokoyoda
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum Berlina Leibniz InstituteBerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma‐Forschungszentrum Berlina Leibniz InstituteBerlinGermany
- Charité University MedicineBerlinGermany
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24
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Nyati S, Chaudhry N, Chatur A, Gregg BS, Kimmel L, Khare D, Basrur V, Ray D, Rehemtulla A. A novel reporter for real-time, quantitative imaging of AKT-directed K63-poly-ubiquitination in living cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29541398 PMCID: PMC5834254 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational K63-linked poly-ubiquitination of AKT is required for its membrane recruitment and phosphorylation dependent activation in response to growth-factor stimulation. Current assays for target specific poly-ubiquitination involve cumbersome enzymatic preparations and semi-quantitative readouts. We have engineered a reporter that can quantitatively and in a target specific manner report on AKT-directed K63-polyubiquitination (K63UbR) in live cells. The reporter constitutes the AKT-derived poly-ubiquitination substrate peptide, a K63 poly-ubiquitin binding domain (UBD) as well as the split luciferase protein complementation domains. In cells, wherein signaling events upstream of AKT are activated (e.g. either EGFR or IGFR), poly-ubiquitination of the reporter leads to a stearic constraint that prevents luciferase complementation. However, upon inhibition of growth factor receptor signaling, loss of AKT poly-ubiquitination results in a decrease in interaction between the target peptide and the UBD, allowing for reconstitution of the split luciferase domains and therefore increased bioluminescence in a quantitative and dynamic manner. The K63UbR was confirmed to be suitable for high throughput screen (HTS), thus providing an excellent tool for small molecule or siRNA based HTS to discover new inhibitors or identify novel regulators of this key signaling node. Furthermore, the K63UbR platform could be adapted for non-invasive monitoring of additional target specific K63-polyubiquitination events in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Nyati
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Nauman Chaudhry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Areeb Chatur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Brandon S Gregg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Lauren Kimmel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Dheeraj Khare
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- UMCCC Proteomics Shared Resource, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Dipankar Ray
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA
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25
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Mahon OR, O'Hanlon S, Cunningham CC, McCarthy GM, Hobbs C, Nicolosi V, Kelly DJ, Dunne A. Orthopaedic implant materials drive M1 macrophage polarization in a spleen tyrosine kinase- and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:426-435. [PMID: 29104084 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Total joint replacements (TJR) are costly procedures required to relieve pain and restore function in patients suffering from end-stage arthritis. Despite great progress in the development and durability of TJRs, the generation of prosthesis-associated wear particles over time leads to an inflammatory cascade which culminates in periprosthetic osteolysis. Studies suggest that wear particles drive the polarization/differentiation of immature macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype rather than an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype associated with normal bone and wound healing. This, in turn, contributes to the initiation of peri-implant inflammation. As a result, modulating M1 macrophage cytokine production has been recognised as a viable therapeutic option. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles on human macrophage polarization by comparing their effect on M1/M2-associated gene expression using real-time PCR. Furthermore, using immunoblotting to assess kinase activation, we sought to identify the intracellular signalling molecules activated by PMMA/HA particles and to determine whether pharmacological blockade of these molecules impacts on macrophage phenotype and cytokine production as measured by ELISA. We report that wear particles preferentially polarize macrophages towards an M1 phenotype, an effect that is dependent on activation of the membrane proximal kinase, Syk and members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of signalling molecules. Pre-treatment of macrophages with Syk inhibitors (R788/piceatannol) or MAPK inhibitors (SB203580 and PD98059), not only prevents M1 polarization, but also attenuates production of key pro-inflammatory mediators that have been specifically implicated in periprosthetic osteolysis and osteoclast differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE It is now well established that wear-debris particles from implanted materials drive deleterious inflammatory responses which can eventually lead to implant loosening. In this study, we provide further insight into the specific cellular pathways activated by wear particles in primary human immune cells. We demonstrate that PMMA bone cement and hydroxyapatite, a commonly used biomaterial, drive the polarization of macrophages towards an inflammatory phenotype and identify the specific signalling molecules that are activated in this process. Pre-treatment of macrophages with pharmacological inhibitors of these molecules in turn prevents macrophage polarization and dampens inflammatory cytokine production. Hence these signalling molecules represent potential therapeutic targets to treat or possibly prevent particulate induced osteolysis.
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26
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Shobana N, Aruldhas MM, Tochhawng L, Loganathan A, Balaji S, Kumar MK, Banu LAS, Navin AK, Mayilvanan C, Ilangovan R, Balasubramanian K. Transient gestational exposure to drinking water containing excess hexavalent chromium modifies insulin signaling in liver and skeletal muscle of rat progeny. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 277:119-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Morozevich GE, Kozlova NI, Susova OY, Lupatov AY, Berman AE. Hyperexpression of Integrin α5β1 Promotes Resistance of MCF-7 Human Breast Carcinoma Cells to Doxorubicin via ERK Protein Kinase Down-regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1017-1024. [PMID: 28988530 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917090048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells, α5β1 integrin hyperexpression, which was accomplished by transduction of a full-length α5 integrin cDNA, increased by about 50-70% the number of cells, survived during 48-72 h cell treatment with doxorubicin. Up-regulation of α5β1 reduced the level of the apoptogenic p53 protein and p21 cell cycle inhibitor, but enhanced the activity of Akt and mTOR protein kinases. In addition to these findings, we observed a significant decrease in the activity of both isoforms of phosphokinase Erk1/2, which is known to play a key role in cell viability pathways, including pathways alleviating stress damages caused by distinct antitumor drugs. Diminished Erk activity accompanying the rise of drug resistance can be explained by an "atypical" function of this kinase, which, in the cells studied, promotes an enhanced rather than reduced sensitivity to doxorubicin. To verify this suggestion, the effect of a specific Erk inhibitor, PD98059, on the resistance to doxorubicin of control and α5 cDNA-transduced MCF-7 cells was investigated. The data showed that suppression of Erk activity increased the resistance of control cells (transduced with an "empty" vector) to a level higher than that demonstrated by the α5 cDNA-transduced cells. The highest level of resistance was observed in α5β1-trancduced cells treated with PD98059. Akt and mTOR kinase inhibitors had little if any effect on doxorubicin resistance of α5 cDNA-transduced MCF-7 cells. The data show for the first time that integrin α5β1 can stimulate drug resistance of tumor cells through a mechanism based on the inhibition of protein kinase Erk. From a more general view, the results of this investigation suggest that signal protein kinases can perform in tumor cells "non-canonical" functions, opposite to those, which are the basis for using kinase inhibitors in targeted cancer therapy. It follows that if a protein kinase is supposed to be used as a target for such therapy, it is important to explore its features in the particular tumor prior to the onset of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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28
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Corr EM, Cunningham CC, Helbert L, McCarthy GM, Dunne A. Osteoarthritis-associated basic calcium phosphate crystals activate membrane proximal kinases in human innate immune cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:23. [PMID: 28173838 PMCID: PMC5296949 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic debilitating joint disorder of particularly high prevalence in the elderly population. Intra-articular basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals are present in the majority of OA joints and are associated with severe degeneration. They are known to activate macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and articular chondrocytes, resulting in increased cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). This suggests a pathogenic role in OA by causing extracellular matrix degradation and subchondral bone remodelling. There are currently no disease-modifying drugs available for crystal-associated OA; hence, the aim of this study was to explore the inflammatory pathways activated by BCP crystals in order to identify potential therapeutic targets to limit crystal-induced inflammation. Methods Primary human macrophages and dendritic cells were stimulated with BCP crystals, and activation of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was detected by immunoblotting. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed macrophages were pre-treated with inhibitors of Syk, PI3K, and MAPKs prior to BCP stimulation, and cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Aa an alternative, cells were treated with synovial fluid derived from osteoarthritic knees in the presence or absence of BCP crystals, and gene induction was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We demonstrate that exposure of primary human macrophages and dendritic cells to BCP crystals leads to activation of the membrane-proximal tyrosine kinases Syk and PI3K. Furthermore, we show that production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β and phosphorylation of downstream MEK and ERK MAPKs is suppressed following treatment with inhibitors of Syk or PI3K. Finally, we demonstrate that treatment of macrophages with BCP crystals induces the production of the damage-associated molecule S100A8 and MMP1 in a Syk-dependent manner and that synovial fluid from OA patients together with BCP crystals exacerbates these effects. Conclusions We identify Syk and PI3K as key signalling molecules activated by BCP crystals prior to inflammatory cytokine and DAMP expression and therefore propose that Syk and PI3K represent potential targets for the treatment of BCP-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Corr
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Clare C Cunningham
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laura Helbert
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Aisling Dunne
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology and School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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29
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Ren W, Joshi R, Mathew P. Synthetic Lethality in PTEN-Mutant Prostate Cancer Is Induced by Combinatorial PI3K/Akt and BCL-XL Inhibition. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1176-1181. [PMID: 27590631 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The bone-conserved metastatic phenotype of prostate cancer is a prototype of nonrandom metastatic behavior. Adhesion of prostate cancer cells to fibronectin via the integrin α5 (ITGA5) has been proposed as a candidate bone marrow niche localization mechanism. We hypothesized that the mechanisms whereby ITGA5 regulates the adhesion-mediated survival of prostate cancer cells will define novel therapeutic approaches. ITGA5 shRNA reduced expression of BCL-2 family members and induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In these PTEN-mutant cells, pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway in combination with ITGA5 knockdown enhanced apoptosis. Chemical parsing studies with BH3 mimetics indicated that PI3K/Akt inhibition in combination with BCL-XL-specific inhibition induces synergistic apoptosis specifically in PTEN-mutant prostate cancer cells, whereas single-agent PI3K/Akt inhibitors did not. Given the importance of PTEN loss in the progression of prostate and other cancers, synthetic lethality induced by combinatorial PI3K/Akt and BCL-XL inhibition represents a valuable therapeutic strategy. IMPLICATIONS Activation of the PI3K pathway through PTEN loss represents a major molecular pathway in the progression of prostate and other cancers. This study defines a synthetic lethal therapeutic combination with significant translational potential. OVERVIEW Synthetic lethality in PTEN-mutant prostate cancer cells with combined PI3K/Akt and BCL-XL inhibition. PTEN-mutant prostate cancer cells expressing ITGA5 bind to fibronectin in the putative bone marrow niche and transduce survival signals to BCL-XL Additional PTEN-regulated signals independent of the PI3K/Akt pathway likely feed into the BCL-XL-regulated survival program to explain synthetic lethality observed with the combination.Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2016/12/02/1541-7786.MCR-16-0202/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1176-81. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Ren
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raghav Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Mathew
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
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30
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Corr EM, Cunningham CC, Dunne A. Cholesterol crystals activate Syk and PI3 kinase in human macrophages and dendritic cells. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:197-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Pedanou VE, Gobeil S, Tabariès S, Simone TM, Zhu LJ, Siegel PM, Green MR. The histone H3K9 demethylase KDM3A promotes anoikis by transcriptionally activating pro-apoptotic genes BNIP3 and BNIP3L. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27472901 PMCID: PMC4991936 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells that lose attachment to the extracellular matrix undergo a specialized form of apoptosis called anoikis. Here, using large-scale RNA interference (RNAi) screening, we find that KDM3A, a histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) mono- and di-demethylase, plays a pivotal role in anoikis induction. In attached breast epithelial cells, KDM3A expression is maintained at low levels by integrin signaling. Following detachment, integrin signaling is decreased resulting in increased KDM3A expression. RNAi-mediated knockdown of KDM3A substantially reduces apoptosis following detachment and, conversely, ectopic expression of KDM3A induces cell death in attached cells. We find that KDM3A promotes anoikis through transcriptional activation of BNIP3 and BNIP3L, which encode pro-apoptotic proteins. Using mouse models of breast cancer metastasis we show that knockdown of Kdm3a enhances metastatic potential. Finally, we find defective KDM3A expression in human breast cancer cell lines and tumors. Collectively, our results reveal a novel transcriptional regulatory program that mediates anoikis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16844.001 Epithelial cells line the inside of blood vessels, intestines and other organs throughout the body. Any epithelial cells that become detached from their natural surroundings die by a process called anoikis (a Greek word meaning “being without a home”). This process has an important role in preventing cancer from spreading around the body because it eliminates cells that are not in their proper environment. However, some cancers that start from epithelial cells, such as breast cancer, develop resistance to anoikis. Gaining a better understanding of the cellular factors that regulate anoikis, and how resistance develops, may reveal new drug targets for the treatment of breast cancer. Previous studies found proteins called BIM and BMF promote anoikis by inducing cell suicide. However, it is possible that other factors can also promote this process in different ways. Pedanou et al. performed a large-scale genetic screen in human breast epithelial cells and identified several new factors that promote anoikis. Inside our cells, DNA is packaged around proteins called histones, which can influence whether a gene is switched on or off. One of the factors Pedanou et al. identified is a protein called KDM3A that can remove small chemical groups (known as methyl groups) from histones – a process that is known to switch on genes. Further experiments show that epithelial cells in their natural surroundings only produce low levels of KDM3A, but that the levels of this protein increase if these cells become detached. This promotes anoikis by activating two genes called BNIP3 and BNIP3L that induce cell suicide. However, KDM3A levels are low in human breast cancers, which suggests that these cancers become resistant to anoikis by preventing increases in KDM3A production. Using a mouse model of breast cancer, Pedanou et al. found that switching off KDM3A in cancer cells increases their ability to move around the body. Collectively, these findings reveal a new mechanism that triggers anoikis in normal breast epithelial cells and is disabled during breast cancer development. Future challenges are to identify factors that directly regulate the production of KDM3A, and to understand how these factors are manipulated in breast cancer cells to cause anoikis resistance. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16844.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Pedanou
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, CHUL, Québec PQ, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Department of Medicine, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tessa M Simone
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Department of Medicine, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael R Green
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
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32
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More SK, Chiplunkar SV, Kalraiya RD. Galectin-3-induced cell spreading and motility relies on distinct signaling mechanisms compared to fibronectin. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 416:179-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Park H, Lee S, Shrestha P, Kim J, Park JA, Ko Y, Ban YH, Park DY, Ha SJ, Koh GY, Hong VS, Mochizuki N, Kim YM, Lee W, Kwon YG. AMIGO2, a novel membrane anchor of PDK1, controls cell survival and angiogenesis via Akt activation. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:619-37. [PMID: 26553931 PMCID: PMC4639856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201503113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AMIGO2 is a novel scaffold protein that regulates PDK1 membrane localization and Akt activation in endothelial cells, and inhibition of the interaction between PDK1–AMIGO2 results in impaired neovascularization, pathological angiogenesis, and tumor angiogenesis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase–Akt signaling pathway is essential to many biological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis, under pathophysiological conditions. Although 3-phosphoinositide–dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is a primary activator of Akt at the plasma membrane, the optimal activation mechanism remains unclear. We report that adhesion molecule with IgG-like domain 2 (AMIGO2) is a novel scaffold protein that regulates PDK1 membrane localization and Akt activation. Loss of AMIGO2 in endothelial cells (ECs) led to apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis with Akt inactivation. Amino acid residues 465–474 in AMIGO2 directly bind to the PDK1 pleckstrin homology domain. A synthetic peptide containing the AMIGO2 465–474 residues abrogated the AMIGO2–PDK1 interaction and Akt activation. Moreover, it effectively suppressed pathological angiogenesis in murine tumor and oxygen-induced retinopathy models. These results demonstrate that AMIGO2 is an important regulator of the PDK1–Akt pathway in ECs and suggest that interference of the PDK1–AMIGO2 interaction might be a novel pharmaceutical target for designing an Akt pathway inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pravesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongrim Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Ban
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gou Young Koh
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- College of Natural Sciences, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Vascular System Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Kipkeew F, Kirsch M, Klein D, Wuelling M, Winterhager E, Gellhaus A. CCN1 (CYR61) and CCN3 (NOV) signaling drives human trophoblast cells into senescence and stimulates migration properties. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 10:163-78. [PMID: 26744771 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1139265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During placental development, continuous invasion of trophoblasts into the maternal compartment depends on the support of proliferating extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). Unlike tumor cells, EVTs escape from the cell cycle before invasion into the decidua and spiral arteries. This study focused on the regulation properties of glycosylated and non-glycosylated matricellular CCN1 and CCN3, primarily for proliferation control in the benign SGHPL-5 trophoblast cell line, which originates from the first-trimester placenta. Treating SGHPL-5 trophoblast cells with the glycosylated forms of recombinant CCN1 and CCN3 decreased cell proliferation by bringing about G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, which was accompanied by the upregulation of activated Notch-1 and its target gene p21. Interestingly, both CCN proteins increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and the expression of the senescence marker p16. The migration capability of SGHPL-5 cells was mostly enhanced in response to CCN1 and CCN3, by the activation of FAK and Akt kinase but not by the activation of ERK1/2. In summary, both CCN proteins play a key role in regulating trophoblast cell differentiation by inducing senescence and enhancing migration properties. Reduced levels of CCN1 and CCN3, as found in early-onset preeclampsia, could contribute to a shift from invasive to proliferative EVTs and may explain their shallow invasion properties in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kipkeew
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Kirsch
- b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- c Institute of Cell Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Manuela Wuelling
- d Department of Developmental Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- a Department of Molecular Biology , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany.,b Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
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35
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Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Location-Specific and Breed-Specific Differentially Expressed Genes in Embryonic Myogenesis in Anas Platyrhynchos. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143378. [PMID: 26630129 PMCID: PMC4667915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth and development are highly orchestrated processes involving significant changes in gene expressions. Differences in the location-specific and breed-specific genes and pathways involved have important implications for meat productions and meat quality. Here, RNA-Seq was performed to identify differences in the muscle deposition between two muscle locations and two duck breeds for functional genomics studies. To achieve those goals, skeletal muscle samples were collected from the leg muscle (LM) and the pectoral muscle (PM) of two genetically different duck breeds, Heiwu duck (H) and Peking duck (P), at embryonic 15 days. Functional genomics studies were performed in two experiments: Experiment 1 directly compared the location-specific genes between PM and LM, and Experiment 2 compared the two breeds (H and P) at the same developmental stage (embryonic 15 days). Almost 13 million clean reads were generated using Illumina technology (Novogene, Beijing, China) on each library, and more than 70% of the reads mapped to the Peking duck (Anas platyrhynchos) genome. A total of 168 genes were differentially expressed between the two locations analyzed in Experiment 1, whereas only 8 genes were differentially expressed when comparing the same location between two breeds in Experiment 2. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways (KEGG) were used to functionally annotate DEGs (differentially expression genes). The DEGs identified in Experiment 1 were mainly involved in focal adhesion, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction pathways (corrected P-value<0.05). In Experiment 2, the DEGs were associated with only the ribosome signaling pathway (corrected P-value<0.05). In addition, quantitative real-time PCR was used to confirm 15 of the differentially expressed genes originally detected by RNA-Seq. A comparative transcript analysis of the leg and pectoral muscles of two duck breeds not only improves our understanding of the location-specific and breed-specific genes and pathways but also provides some candidate molecular targets for increasing muscle products and meat quality by genetic control.
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Lambert AW, Wong CK, Ozturk S, Papageorgis P, Raghunathan R, Alekseyev Y, Gower AC, Reinhard BM, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Tumor Cell-Derived Periostin Regulates Cytokines That Maintain Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:103-13. [PMID: 26507575 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer which is often enriched with cancer stem cells (CSC), but the underlying molecular basis for this connection remains elusive. We hypothesized that BLBC cells are able to establish a niche permissive to the maintenance of CSCs and found that tumor cell-derived periostin (POSTN), a component of the extracellular matrix, as well as a corresponding cognate receptor, integrin α(v)β(3), are highly expressed in a subset of BLBC cell lines as well as in CSC-enriched populations. Furthermore, we demonstrated that an intact periostin-integrin β3 signaling axis is required for the maintenance of breast CSCs. POSTN activates the ERK signaling pathway and regulates NF-κB-mediated transcription of key cytokines, namely IL6 and IL8, which in turn control downstream activation of STAT3. In summary, these findings suggest that BLBC cells have an innate ability to establish a microenvironmental niche supportive of CSCs. IMPLICATIONS The findings reported here indicate that POSTN produced by CSCs acts to reinforce the stem cell state through the activation of integrin receptors and the production of key cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur W Lambert
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chen Khuan Wong
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sait Ozturk
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuriy Alekseyev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam C Gower
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Björn M Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamid M Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Section of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Morozevich GE, Kozlova NI, Susova OY, Karalkin PA, Berman AE. Implication of α2β1 integrin in anoikis of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 80:97-103. [PMID: 25754044 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silencing of α2β1 integrin expression significantly promoted anchorage-dependent apoptosis (anoikis) and drastically reduced clonal activity of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells. Depletion of α2β1 enhanced the production of apoptotic protein p53 and of inhibitor of cyclin-dependent protein kinases, p27, while downregulating antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and multifunctional protein cMyc. Blocking the expression of α2β1 had no effect on activity of protein kinase Akt, but it sharply increased the kinase activity of Erk1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of Erk1/2 had a minor effect on anoikis of control cells, while it reduced anoikis of cells with downregulated α2β1 to the level of control cells. The data show for the first time that integrin α2β1 is implicated in the protection of tumor cells from anoikis through a mechanism based on the inhibition of protein kinase Erk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Morozevich
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 119121, Russia.
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Wiese KE, Haikala HM, von Eyss B, Wolf E, Esnault C, Rosenwald A, Treisman R, Klefström J, Eilers M. Repression of SRF target genes is critical for Myc-dependent apoptosis of epithelial cells. EMBO J 2015; 34:1554-71. [PMID: 25896507 PMCID: PMC4474530 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201490467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic levels of Myc expression sensitize cells to multiple apoptotic stimuli, and this protects long-lived organisms from cancer development. How cells discriminate physiological from supraphysiological levels of Myc is largely unknown. Here, we show that induction of apoptosis by Myc in breast epithelial cells requires association of Myc with Miz1. Gene expression and ChIP-Sequencing experiments show that high levels of Myc invade target sites that lack consensus E-boxes in a complex with Miz1 and repress transcription. Myc/Miz1-repressed genes encode proteins involved in cell adhesion and migration and include several integrins. Promoters of repressed genes are enriched for binding sites of the serum-response factor (SRF). Restoring SRF activity antagonizes Myc repression of SRF target genes, attenuates Myc-induced apoptosis, and reverts a Myc-dependent decrease in Akt phosphorylation and activity, a well-characterized suppressor of Myc-induced apoptosis. We propose that high levels of Myc engage Miz1 in repressive DNA binding complexes and suppress an SRF-dependent transcriptional program that supports survival of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin E Wiese
- Biocenter Theodor Boveri Institute University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidi M Haikala
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine Biomedicum Helsinki University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Björn von Eyss
- Biocenter Theodor Boveri Institute University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Wolf
- Biocenter Theodor Boveri Institute University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Cyril Esnault
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories Transcription Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard Treisman
- Cancer Research UK London Research Institute Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories Transcription Laboratory, London, UK
| | - Juha Klefström
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Cell Circuitry Laboratory, Translational Cancer Biology Research Program and Institute of Biomedicine Biomedicum Helsinki University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Eilers
- Biocenter Theodor Boveri Institute University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Zhou F, Huang X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Liu X, Xing J, He X. Functional polymorphisms of ITGB1 are associated with clinical outcome of Chinese patients with resected colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 75:1207-15. [PMID: 25894721 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrin β1 (ITGB1) has been recognized to play a major role in tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. However, effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ITGB1 gene on the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been reported. METHODS A total of 372 patients with resected colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled in our study. Three functional SNPs (rs2230395, rs1187075 and rs1187076) in ITGB1 were selected and genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX genotyping system. RESULTS We identified two SNPs (rs2230395 and rs1187075) in ITGB1 gene to be significantly associated with CRC overall survival (OS). Compared with the homozygous wild-type (AA) and heterozygous variant (AC), rs2230395 homozygous variant (CC) conferred a 1.55-fold (95 % CI 1.00-2.41, P = 0.049) increased risk of death. Similar result was obtained for homozygous variant (AA) in rs1187075 with a 1.62-fold (95 % CI 1.08-2.42, P = 0.020). In stratified analysis, this association in rs2230395 remained to be significant in patients receiving chemotherapy, but not in those without chemotherapy. We further evaluated the effects of chemotherapy on CRC survival in subgroups stratified by rs2230395 and rs1187075 genotypes. We found that chemotherapy resulted in a significantly better OS in patients with the homozygous wild-type (WW) or heterozygous variant (WV) genotype in both rs2230395 and rs1187075 when compared with patients with homozygous variant (VV) genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ITGB1 SNPs might be a prognostic biomarker for CRC patients, especially in those receiving chemotherapy. Our findings warrant validation in larger independent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 West Changle Street, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Lo NW, Intawicha P, Chiu YT, Lee KH, Lu HC, Chen CH, Chang YH, Chen CD, Ju JC. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Critically and Mutually Sustain Pluripotency of Rabbit Embryonic Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:319-38. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on establishment and maintenance of rabbit embryonic stem cell (rESC) lines were assessed. When grown on MEF feeders, rESC lines derived from fertilized embryos were established and maintained in medium containing paracrine factors LIF (via STAT3) and/or FGF2 (via MEK-ERK1/2 and PI3K-AKT). However, high levels of ERK1/2 and AKT activities in rESCs were crucial for maintaining their undifferentiated proliferation. Although rESCs under the influence of either LIF (500, 1,000, and 2,000 U/ml) or FGF2 (5, 10, and 20 ng/ml) alone had enhanced expression of pluripotency markers, peak expression occurred when both LIF (1,000 U/ml) and FGF2 (10 ng/ml) were applied. Induced dephosphorylation of STAT3, ERK1/2, and AKT by specific inhibitors limited growth of rESCs and caused remarkable losses of self-renewal capacity; therefore, we inferred that STAT3, ERK, and AKT had essential roles in maintaining rESC proliferation and self-renewal. We concluded that LIF and FGF2 jointly maintained the undifferentiated state and self-renewal of rESCs through an integrative signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng-Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Payungsuk Intawicha
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | | | - Kun-Hsiung Lee
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chi Lu
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Chen
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agriculture Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Da Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Cherng Ju
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center and Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Medical Research Department, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Computer Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chatterjee A, Sen T, Ganguly K, Biswas J. Focal adhesion kinase induces matrix metalloproteinase-2 by involving α5β1-mediated signaling in breast cancer cell, MCF-7. ACTA MEDICA INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.5530/ami.2015.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Qiao Z, Xia C, Shen S, Corwin FD, Liu M, Guan R, Grider JR, Qiao LY. Suppression of the PI3K pathway in vivo reduces cystitis-induced bladder hypertrophy and restores bladder capacity examined by magnetic resonance imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114536. [PMID: 25486122 PMCID: PMC4259345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the real-time status of the urinary bladder in normal and diseased states following cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis, and also examined the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway in the regulation of urinary bladder hypertrophy in vivo. Our results showed that under MRI visualization the urinary bladder wall was significantly thickened at 8 h and 48 h post CYP injection. The intravesical volume of the urinary bladder was also markedly reduced. Treatment of the cystitis animals with a specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reduced cystitis-induced bladder wall thickening and enlarged the intravesical volumes. To confirm the MRI results, we performed H&E stain postmortem and examined the levels of type I collagen by real-time PCR and western blot. Inhibition of the PI3K in vivo reduced the levels of type I collagen mRNA and protein in the urinary bladder ultimately attenuating cystitis-induced bladder hypertrophy. The bladder mass calculated according to MRI data was consistent to the bladder weight measured ex vivo under each drug treatment. MRI results also showed that the urinary bladder from animals with cystitis demonstrated high magnetic signal intensity indicating considerable inflammation of the urinary bladder when compared to normal animals. This was confirmed by examination of the pro-inflammatory factors showing that interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α levels in the urinary bladder were increased with cystitis. Our results suggest that MRI can be a useful technique in tracing bladder anatomy and examining bladder hypertrophy in vivo during disease development and the PI3K pathway has a critical role in regulating bladder hypertrophy during cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Qiao
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Division of Radiology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Shanwei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Frank D. Corwin
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ruijuan Guan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John R. Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Li-Ya Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bikis C, Moris D, Vasileiou I, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. FAK/Src family of kinases: protective or aggravating factor for ischemia reperfusion injury in nervous system? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:539-49. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.990374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Inhibition of triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cell proliferation and migration by Annexin A2 antibodies. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2328-41. [PMID: 25321192 PMCID: PMC4264449 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, is abundantly present at the surface of triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancer cells. Interactions between cell-surface AnxA2 and tyrosine kinase receptors have an important role in the tumour microenvironment and act together to enhance tumour growth. The mechanism supporting this role is still unknown. Methods: The membrane function of AnxA2 was blocked by incubating cells with anti-AnxA2 antibodies. Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, 1-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT), flow cytometry, Clonogenic, and wound-healing assays were performed in this study. Results: We demonstrate that AnxA2 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) at the cell surface and has an important role in cancer cell proliferation and migration by modulating EGFR functions. Blocking AnxA2 function at the cell surface by anti-AnxA2 antibody suppressed the EGF-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and internalisation by blocking its homodimerisation. Furthermore, addition of AnxA2 antibody significantly inhibited the EGFR-dependent PI3K-AKT and Raf-MEK-ERK downstream pathways under both EGF-induced and basal growth conditions, resulting in lower cell proliferation and migration. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cell-surface AnxA2 has an important regulatory role in EGFR-mediated oncogenic processes by keeping EGFR signalling events in an activated state. Therefore, AnxA2 could potentially be used as a therapeutic target in triple-negative and Herceptin-resistant breast cancers.
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Differential SKIP expression in PTEN-deficient glioblastoma regulates cellular proliferation and migration. Oncogene 2014; 34:3711-27. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Song L, Jia Y, Zhu W, Newton IP, Li Z, Li W. N-terminal truncation mutations of adenomatous polyposis coli are associated with primary cilia defects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:79-86. [PMID: 25150829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is a tumor suppressor gene and its truncated mutations cause a few cilia-related diseases such as Gardner's syndrome. However, little is known about the mechanism that links APC mutations and cilia disorder. APC mutations lead to the expression of N-terminal fragments, which have dominant effects in tumors owing to loss of the C-terminal region or a gain of function. The present study investigated the impact of tumor-associated N-terminal APC fragments on primary cilia assembly and the possible molecular mechanism involved. We discovered that expression of tumor-associated N-terminal APC fragments (APC-N, APC-N1, APC-N2, and APC-N3, which contain amino acids 1-1018, 1-448, 449-781, and 782-1018 respectively), resulted in primary cilia defects. We found that a β-catenin/PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β feedback signal cascade is responsible for causing N-terminal APC fragment-induced cilia defects. In this cascade, dysfunctions of both β-catenin and GSK-3β were involved in the up-regulation of HDAC6 and subsequent decreased acetylated tubulin levels, which thereby led to cilia defects. These data suggest a mechanism for linking N-terminal APC fragments and cilia loss, thus accelerating our understanding of human cilia-related diseases such as Gardner's syndrome and their cause due to APC mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Institute of Biotechnology, >Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China; MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Jia
- Institute of Biotechnology, >Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wensi Zhu
- Institute of Biotechnology, >Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ian P Newton
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, >Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Wenling Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, >Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Fonseca CP, Gama S, Saavedra A, Baltazar G. H2O2- or l-DOPA-injured dopaminergic neurons trigger the release of soluble mediators that up-regulate striatal GDNF through different signalling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:927-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vachhani P, Bose P, Rahmani M, Grant S. Rational combination of dual PI3K/mTOR blockade and Bcl-2/-xL inhibition in AML. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:448-56. [PMID: 24824212 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00173.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to represent an area of critical unmet need with respect to new and effective targeted therapies. The Bcl-2 family of pro- and antiapoptotic proteins stands at the crossroads of cellular survival and death, and the expression of and interactions between these proteins determine tumor cell fate. Malignant cells, which are often primed for apoptosis, are particularly vulnerable to the simultaneous disruption of cooperative survival signaling pathways. Indeed, the single agent activity of agents such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors in AML has been modest. Much work in recent years has focused on strategies to enhance the therapeutic potential of the bona fide BH3-mimetic, ABT-737, which inhibits B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-xL. Most of these strategies target Mcl-1, an antiapoptotic protein not inhibited by ABT-737. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways are central to the growth, proliferation, and survival of AML cells, and there is much interest currently in pharmacologically interrupting these pathways. Dual inhibitors of PI3K and mTOR overcome some intrinsic disadvantages of rapamycin and its derivatives, which selectively inhibit mTOR. In this review, we discuss why combining dual PI3K/mTOR blockade with inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, by virtue of allowing coordinate inhibition of three mutually synergistic pathways in AML cells, may be a particularly attractive therapeutic strategy in AML, the success of which may be predicted for by basal Akt activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankit Vachhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mohamed Rahmani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Steven Grant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University; and Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia
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Ebi H, Costa C, Faber AC, Nishtala M, Kotani H, Juric D, Della Pelle P, Song Y, Yano S, Mino-Kenudson M, Benes CH, Engelman JA. PI3K regulates MEK/ERK signaling in breast cancer via the Rac-GEF, P-Rex1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:21124-9. [PMID: 24327733 PMCID: PMC3876254 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314124110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K pathway is genetically altered in excess of 70% of breast cancers, largely through PIK3CA mutation and HER2 amplification. Preclinical studies have suggested that these subsets of breast cancers are particularly sensitive to PI3K inhibitors; however, the reasons for this heightened sensitivity are mainly unknown. We investigated the signaling effects of PI3K inhibition in PIK3CA mutant and HER2 amplified breast cancers using PI3K inhibitors currently in clinical trials. Unexpectedly, we found that in PIK3CA mutant and HER2 amplified breast cancers sensitive to PI3K inhibitors, PI3K inhibition led to a rapid suppression of Rac1/p21-activated kinase (PAK)/protein kinase C-RAF (C-RAF)/ protein kinase MEK (MEK)/ERK signaling that did not involve RAS. Furthermore, PI3K inhibition led to an ERK-dependent up-regulation of the proapoptotic protein, BIM, followed by induction of apoptosis. Expression of a constitutively active form of Rac1 in these breast cancer models blocked PI3Ki-induced down-regulation of ERK phosphorylation, apoptosis, and mitigated PI3K inhibitor sensitivity in vivo. In contrast, protein kinase AKT inhibitors failed to block MEK/ERK signaling, did not up-regulate BIM, and failed to induce apoptosis. Finally, we identified phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 (P-Rex1) as the PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent guanine exchange factor for Rac1 responsible for regulation of the Rac1/C-RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in these cells. The expression level of P-Rex1 correlates with sensitivity to PI3K inhibitors in these breast cancer cell lines. Thus, PI3K inhibitors have enhanced activity in PIK3CA mutant and HER2 amplified breast cancers in which PI3K inhibition down-regulates both the AKT and Rac1/ERK pathways. In addition, P-Rex1 may serve as a biomarker to predict response to single-agent PI3K inhibitors within this subset of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Ebi
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Carlotta Costa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Anthony C. Faber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Madhuri Nishtala
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Hiroshi Kotani
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Patricia Della Pelle
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Youngchul Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Seiji Yano
- Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-0934, Japan
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Cyril H. Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
| | - Jeffrey A. Engelman
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129; and
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Jahangiri A, Aghi MK, Carbonell WS. β1 integrin: Critical path to antiangiogenic therapy resistance and beyond. Cancer Res 2013; 74:3-7. [PMID: 24327727 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important tissue-level program supporting the growth of highly aggressive cancers and early-stage metastases. However, rapid emergence of resistance to antiangiogenic therapies, such as bevacizumab, greatly limits the clinical utility of these promising approaches. The mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic therapy remain incompletely understood. The tumor microenvironment has been demonstrated to be a source of broad therapeutic resistance in multiple cancers. Much of the interaction between the cells comprising a tumor and their microenvironment is driven by integrins. Notably, signaling downstream of integrins in tumor cells promotes fundamental programs vital to aggressive cancer biology, including proliferation, growth, invasion, and survival signaling. These functions then can contribute to malignant phenotypes, including metastasis, therapy resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Accordingly, we found β1 integrin to be functionally upregulated in tumor specimens from patients after bevacizumab failure and in xenograft models of bevacizumab resistance. Inhibition of β1 in tumor cells with stable gene knockdown or treatment with OS2966, a neutralizing β1 integrin monoclonal antibody, attenuated aggressive tumor phenotypes in vitro and blocked growth of bevacizumab-resistant tumor xenografts in vivo. Thus, β1 integrins promote resistance to antiangiogenic therapy through potentiation of multiple malignant programs facilitated by interactions with the tumor microenvironment. The elucidation of this mechanism creates an outstanding opportunity for improving patient outcomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Jahangiri
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California; and OncoSynergy Inc., San Francisco, California
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