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Lewis CS, Backman C, Ahsan S, Cliff A, Hariharan A, Yeh JJ, Zhang X, Xie C, Sohal DPS, Bogdanov VY. First-in-Class Humanized Antibody against Alternatively Spliced Tissue Factor Augments Anti-Metastatic Efficacy of Chemotherapy in a Preclinical Model of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2580. [PMID: 38473827 PMCID: PMC10932375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternatively spliced tissue factor (asTF) promotes the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) by activating β1-integrins on PDAC cell surfaces. hRabMab1, a first-in-class humanized inhibitory anti-asTF antibody we recently developed, can suppress PDAC primary tumor growth as a single agent. Whether hRabMab1 has the potential to suppress metastases in PDAC is unknown. Following in vivo screening of three asTF-proficient human PDAC cell lines, we chose to make use of KRAS G12V-mutant human PDAC cell line PaCa-44, which yields aggressive primary orthotopic tumors with spontaneous spread to PDAC-relevant anatomical sites, along with concomitant severe leukocytosis. The experimental design featured orthotopic tumors formed by luciferase labeled PaCa-44 cells; administration of hRabMab1 alone or in combination with gemcitabine/paclitaxel (gem/PTX); and the assessment of the treatment outcomes on the primary tumor tissue as well as systemic spread. When administered alone, hRabMab1 exhibited poor penetration of tumor tissue; however, hRabMab1 was abundant in tumor tissue when co-administered with gem/PTX, which resulted in a significant decrease in tumor cell proliferation; leukocyte infiltration; and neovascularization. Gem/PTX alone reduced primary tumor volume, but not metastatic spread; only the combination of hRabMab1 and gem/PTX significantly reduced metastatic spread. RNA-seq analysis of primary tumors showed that the addition of hRabMab1 to gem/PTX enhanced the downregulation of tubulin binding and microtubule motor activity. In the liver, hRabMab1 reduced liver metastasis as a single agent. Only the combination of hRabMab1 and gem/PTX eliminated tumor cell-induced leukocytosis. We here demonstrate for the first time that hRabMab1 may help suppress metastasis in PDAC. hRabMab1's ability to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy is significant and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton S. Lewis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.S.L.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (D.P.S.S.)
| | - Charles Backman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.S.L.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (D.P.S.S.)
| | - Sabahat Ahsan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.S.L.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (D.P.S.S.)
| | - Ashley Cliff
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.C.); (A.H.); (J.J.Y.)
| | - Arthi Hariharan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.C.); (A.H.); (J.J.Y.)
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (A.C.); (A.H.); (J.J.Y.)
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Changchun Xie
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Davendra P. S. Sohal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.S.L.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (D.P.S.S.)
| | - Vladimir Y. Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (C.S.L.); (C.B.); (S.A.); (D.P.S.S.)
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Shao Y, Sun L, Ma B, Jin R, Ban Y, Li R, Wang J, Lian H, Yue H. VCAM-1 Promotes Angiogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Trauma-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head by Regulating the Apelin/CCN2 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:6684617. [PMID: 37868703 PMCID: PMC10586908 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6684617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (TI-ONFH) is a pathological process in which the destruction of blood vessels supplying blood to the femoral head causes the death of bone tissue cells. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) has been shown to have potent proangiogenic activity, but the role in angiogenesis of TI-ONFH is unclear. In this work, we discovered that VCAM-1 was significantly downregulated in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from patients with TI-ONFH. Subsequently, we constructed BMSCs overexpressing VCAM-1 using a lentiviral vector. VCAM-1 enhances the migration and angiogenesis of BMSCs. We further performed mRNA transcriptome sequencing to explore the mechanisms by which VCAM-1 promotes angiogenesis. Gene ontology biological process enrichment analysis demonstrated that upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were related to blood vessel development. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that upregulated DEGs were engaged in the Apelin signaling pathway. Apelin-13 is the endogenous ligand of the APJ receptor and activates this G protein-coupled receptor. Treatment with Apelin-13 activated the Apelin signaling pathway and suppressed the expression of cellular communication network factor 2 in BMSCs. Furthermore, Apelin-13 also inhibits the migration and angiogenesis of VCAM-1-BMSCs. In summary, VCAM-1 plays an important role in vascular microcirculation disorders of TI-ONFH, which provides a new direction for the molecular mechanism and treatment of TI-ONFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baodong Ma
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ranran Jin
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yueyao Ban
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruibo Li
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianfa Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongkai Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Han Yue
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Rayego-Mateos S, Marquez-Exposito L, Basantes P, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Sanz AB, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M. CCN2 Activates RIPK3, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and NRF2/Oxidative Pathways Linked to Kidney Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1541. [PMID: 37627536 PMCID: PMC10451214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. Preclinical data suggest the involvement of the NLRP3/Inflammasome, receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), and NRF2/oxidative pathways in the regulation of kidney inflammation. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2, also called CTGF in the past) is an established fibrotic biomarker and a well-known mediator of kidney damage. CCN2 was shown to be involved in kidney damage through the regulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic responses. However, to date, the potential role of the NLRP3/RIPK3/NRF2 pathways in CCN2 actions has not been evaluated. In experimental acute kidney injury induced with folic acid in mice, CCN2 deficiency diminished renal inflammatory cell infiltration (monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes) as well as the upregulation of proinflammatory genes and the activation of NLRP3/Inflammasome-related components and specific cytokine products, such as IL-1β. Moreover, the NRF2/oxidative pathway was deregulated. Systemic administration of CCN2 to C57BL/6 mice induced kidney immune cell infiltration and activated the NLRP3 pathway. RIPK3 deficiency diminished the CCN2-induced renal upregulation of proinflammatory mediators and prevented NLRP3 modulation. These data suggest that CCN2 plays a fundamental role in sterile inflammation and acute kidney injury by modulating the RIKP3/NLRP3/NRF2 inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Basantes
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Sanz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Tri Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.Q.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.Q.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pervaiz N, Kathuria I, Aithabathula RV, Singla B. Matricellular proteins in atherosclerosis development. Matrix Biol 2023; 120:1-23. [PMID: 37086928 PMCID: PMC10225360 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of various multi-domain macromolecules like collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, etc., that form a structurally stable composite, contributing to the mechanical properties of tissue. However, matricellular proteins are non-structural, secretory extracellular matrix proteins, which modulate various cellular functions via interacting with cell surface receptors, proteases, hormones, and cell-matrix. They play essential roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis by regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration, and several signal transduction pathways. Matricellular proteins display a broad functionality regulated by their multiple structural domains and their ability to interact with different extracellular substrates and/or cell surface receptors. The expression of these proteins is low in adults, however, gets upregulated following injuries, inflammation, and during tumor growth. The marked elevation in the expression of these proteins during atherosclerosis suggests a positive association between their expression and atherosclerotic lesion formation. The role of matricellular proteins in atherosclerosis development has remained an area of research interest in the last two decades and studies revealed these proteins as important players in governing vascular function, remodeling, and plaque formation. Despite extensive research, many aspects of the matrix protein biology in atherosclerosis are still unknown and future studies are required to investigate whether targeting pathways stimulated by these proteins represent viable therapeutic approaches for patients with atherosclerotic vascular diseases. This review summarizes the characteristics of distinct matricellular proteins, discusses the available literature on the involvement of matrix proteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and suggests new avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Ishita Kathuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Ravi Varma Aithabathula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, USA.
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5
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Xia X, Huang L, Zhou S, Han R, Li P, Wang E, Xia W, Fei G, Zeng D, Wang R. Hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 upregulation aggravates pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by regulating autophagy via miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways. Int J Cardiol 2023; 370:368-377. [PMID: 36174828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lncRNA PVT1 reportedly functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-186 and miR-26b in different tissue types. In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PAH. METHODS Expression of PVT1, miR-186, miR-26b, and Srf and Ctgf mRNAs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of SRF, CTGF, LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I was evaluated using western blotting. The regulatory relationship between the lncRNA, miRNAs, and target mRNAs was explored using luciferase assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of SRF and CTGF in situ. MTT assay was performed to assess the proliferation of PASMCs. RESULTS Exposure to hypoxia markedly altered the expression of PVT1, Srf, Ctgf, miR-186, and miR-26b in a rat model. MiR-186 binding sites in the sequences of Srf mRNA and PVT1 were confirmed by luciferase assays, indicating that miR-186 may interact with both PVT1 and Srf mRNA. Additionally, miR-26b binding sites were identified in the sequences of Ctgf mRNA and PVT1, suggesting that miR-26b may interact with both PVT1 and Ctgf mRNA. In line with this, we found that overexpression of PVT1 reduced expression of miR-26b and miR-186 but activated expression of Srf, Ctgf, LC3B-II, and Beclin-I. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of PVT1 by exposure to hypoxia promoted the expression of CTGF, leading to deregulation of autophagy and abnormal proliferation of PASMCs. Dysregulation of the miR-186/Srf/Ctgf and miR-26b/Ctgf signaling pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced PASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Xia
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hefei second people's hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Sijing Zhou
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Hefei third clinical college of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Pulin Li
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Enze Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wanli Xia
- Department of thoracic surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Guanghe Fei
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
| | - Daxiong Zeng
- Department of pulmonary and critical care medicine, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of respiratory and critical care medicine, the first affiliated hospital of Anhui medical university, Hefei 230022, China.
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Takeshita N, Takano-Yamamoto T. Analysis of Chemotactic Property of CCN2/CTGF in Intramembranous Osteogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2582:237-253. [PMID: 36370354 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2744-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemotaxis is a directed migration of cells in response to a gradient of extracellular molecules called chemoattractants. Development, growth, remodeling, and fracture healing of bones are advanced through intramembranous osteogenesis. Chemotaxis of preosteoblasts toward future bone formation sites observed in the early stage of intramembranous osteogenesis is a critical cellular process for normal bone formation. However, molecular biological mechanisms of the chemotaxis of preosteoblasts are not fully understood. We have recently clarified, for the first time, the critical role of the cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2)/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)-integrin α5-Ras axis for chemotaxis of preosteoblasts during new bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis. In this chapter, we describe in detail the procedures of the in vivo and in vitro assays to investigate the chemotactic property of CCN2/CTGF and its underlying molecular biological mechanisms during intramembranous osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Takeshita
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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7
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Influence of Von Willebrand Disease (VWD) and pregnancy on the expression of angiogenic factors in the porcine female reproductive tract. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Klaas M, Lagus H, Kankuri E, Jaks V. Matricellular proteins in cutaneous wound healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1073320. [PMID: 36506087 PMCID: PMC9730256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1073320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that encompasses alterations in all aspects of the skin including the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM consist of large structural proteins such as collagens and elastin as well as smaller proteins with mainly regulative properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular proteins bind to structural proteins and their functions include but are not limited to interaction with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or protease and evoking a cellular response. The signaling initiated by matricellular proteins modulates differentiation and proliferation of cells having an impact on the tissue regeneration. In this review we give an overview of the matricellular proteins that have been found to be involved in cutaneous wound healing and summarize the information known to date about their functions in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariliis Klaas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Heli Lagus
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Wound Healing Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia,*Correspondence: Viljar Jaks,
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9
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Kubota S, Kawata K, Hattori T, Nishida T. Molecular and Genetic Interactions between CCN2 and CCN3 behind Their Yin-Yang Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115887. [PMID: 35682564 PMCID: PMC9180607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor (CCN) 2 and 3 are the members of the CCN family that conduct the harmonized development of a variety of tissues and organs under interaction with multiple biomolecules in the microenvironment. Despite their striking structural similarities, these two members show contrastive molecular functions as well as temporospatial emergence in living tissues. Typically, CCN2 promotes cell growth, whereas CCN3 restrains it. Where CCN2 is produced, CCN3 disappears. Nevertheless, these two proteins collaborate together to execute their mission in a yin–yang fashion. The apparent functional counteractions of CCN2 and CCN3 can be ascribed to their direct molecular interaction and interference over the cofactors that are shared by the two. Recent studies have revealed the mutual negative regulation systems between CCN2 and CCN3. Moreover, the simultaneous and bidirectional regulatory system of CCN2 and CCN3 is also being clarified. It is of particular note that these regulations were found to be closely associated with glycolysis, a fundamental procedure of energy metabolism. Here, the molecular interplay and metabolic gene regulation that enable the yin–yang collaboration of CCN2 and CCN3 typically found in cartilage development/regeneration and fibrosis are described.
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10
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Hashiguchi S, Tanaka T, Mano R, Kondo S, Kodama S. CCN2-induced lymphangiogenesis is mediated by the integrin αvβ5-ERK pathway and regulated by DUSP6. Sci Rep 2022; 12:926. [PMID: 35042954 PMCID: PMC8766563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is essential for the development of the lymphatic system and is important for physiological processes such as homeostasis, metabolism and immunity. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2, also known as CTGF), is a modular and matricellular protein and a well-known angiogenic factor in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. However, its roles in lymphangiogenesis and intracellular signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CCN2 on lymphangiogenesis. In in vivo Matrigel plug assays, exogenous CCN2 increased the number of Podoplanin-positive vessels. Subsequently, we found that CCN2 induced phosphorylation of ERK in primary cultured LECs, which was almost completely inhibited by the blockade of integrin αvβ5 and partially decreased by the blockade of integrin αvβ3. CCN2 promoted direct binding of ERK to dual-specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), which regulated the activation of excess ERK by dephosphorylating ERK. In vitro, CCN2 promoted tube formation in LECs, while suppression of Dusp6 further increased tube formation. In vivo, immunohistochemistry also detected ERK phosphorylation and DUSP6 expression in Podoplanin-positive cells on CCN2-supplemented Matrigel. These results indicated that CCN2 promotes lymphangiogenesis by enhancing integrin αvβ5-mediated phosphorylation of ERK and demonstrated that DUSP6 is a negative regulator of excessive lymphangiogenesis by CCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hashiguchi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mano
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Garg M. Emerging roles of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in invasion-metastasis cascade and therapy resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:131-145. [PMID: 34978017 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Strong association of cancer incidence and its progression with mortality highlights the need to decipher the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tumor cells to rapidly progress to metastatic disease and therapy resistance. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) emerged as a key regulator of metastatic outgrowth. It allows neoplastic epithelial cells to delaminate from their neighbors either individually or collectively, traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM) barrier, enter into the circulation, and establish distal metastases. Plasticity between epithelial and mesenchymal states and the existence of hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotypes are increasingly being reported in different tumor contexts. Small subset of cancer cells with stemness called cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit plasticity, possess high tumorigenic potential, and contribute to high degree of tumoral heterogeneity. EMP characterized by the presence of dynamic intermediate states is reported to be influenced by (epi)genomic reprograming, growth factor signaling, inflammation, and low oxygen generated by tumor stromal microenvironment. EMP alters the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of tumor cells/CSCs, disrupts tissue homeostasis, induces the reprogramming of angiogenic and immune recognition functions, and renders tumor cells to survive hostile microenvironments and resist therapy. The present review summarizes the roles of EMP in tumor invasion and metastasis and provides an update on therapeutic strategies to target the metastatic and refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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12
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Zaykov V, Chaqour B. The CCN2/CTGF interactome: an approach to understanding the versatility of CCN2/CTGF molecular activities. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:567-580. [PMID: 34613590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates diverse cellular processes, some at odds with others, including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between CCN2/CTGF expression and local fibrotic reactions has initially been established, CCN2/CTGF manifests cell-, tissue-, and context-specific functions and differentially affects developmental and pathological processes ranging from progenitor cell fate decisions and angiogenesis to inflammation and tumorigenesis. CCN2/CTGF multimodular structure, binding to and activation or inhibition of multiple cell surface receptors, growth factors and ECM proteins, and susceptibility for proteolytic cleavage highlight the complexity to CCN2/CTGF biochemical attributes. CCN2/CTGF expression and dosage in the local environment affects a defined community of its interacting partners, and this results in sequestration of growth factors, interference with or potentiation of ligand-receptor binding, cellular internalization of CCN2/CTGF, inhibition or activation of proteases, and generation of CCN2/CTGF degradome products that add molecular diversity and expand the repertoire of functional modules in the cells and their microenvironment. Through these interactions, different intracellular signals and cellular responses are elicited culminating into physiological or pathological reactions. Thus, the CCN2/CTGF interactome is a defining factor of its tissue- and context-specific effects. Mapping of new CCN2/CTGF binding partners might shed light on yet unknown roles of CCN2/CTGF and provide a solid basis for tissue-specific targeting this molecule or its interacting partners in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zaykov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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13
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Han U, Kim W, Cha H, Park JH, Hong J. Nano-structure of vitronectin/heparin on cell membrane for stimulating single cell in iPSC-derived embryoid body. iScience 2021; 24:102297. [PMID: 33851104 PMCID: PMC8022842 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cell environment stimulating single cell is a suitable strategy for the generation of sophisticated multicellular aggregates with localized biochemical signaling. However, such strategy for induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) is limited because the presence of external stimulation can inhibit spontaneous cellular communication, resulting in misdirection in the maturation and differentiation of EBs. In this study, a facile method of engineering the iPSC membrane to stimulate the inner cell of EBs while maintaining cellular activities is reported. We coated the iPSC surface with nanoscale extracellular matrix fabricated by self-assembly between vitronectin and heparin. This nano-coating allowed iPSC to retain its in vitro properties including adhesion capability, proliferation, and pluripotency during its aggregation. More importantly, the nano-coating did not induce lineage-specific differentiation but increased E-cadherin expression, resulting in promotion of development of EB. This study provides a foundation for future production of sophisticated patient-specific multicellular aggregates by modification of living cell membranes. VTN/HEP nano-coating acts as a flexible individual cellular environment VTN/HEP nano-coating stimulates embryoid body to promote its development VTN/HEP nano-coating preserves spontaneous cell aggregation
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiyoung Han
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wijin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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14
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Leguit RJ, Raymakers RAP, Hebeda KM, Goldschmeding R. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network factor 2) in the bone marrow microenvironment, normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:25-56. [PMID: 33428075 PMCID: PMC7798015 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2, formerly termed Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a protein belonging to the Cellular Communication Network (CCN)-family of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins. As a matricellular protein it is mainly considered to be active as a modifier of signaling activity of several different signaling pathways and as an orchestrator of their cross-talk. Furthermore, CCN2 and its fragments have been implicated in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, cell survival, apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix products, as well as in more complex processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, fibrosis, mechanotransduction and inflammation. Its function is complex and context dependent, depending on cell type, state of differentiation and microenvironmental context. CCN2 plays a role in many diseases, especially those associated with fibrosis, but has also been implicated in many different forms of cancer. In the bone marrow (BM), CCN2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). CCN2 is important for MSC function, supporting its proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, stromal CCN2 supports the maintenance and longtime survival of hematopoietic stem cells, and in the presence of interleukin 7, stimulates the differentiation of pro-B lymphocytes into pre-B lymphocytes. Overexpression of CCN2 is seen in the majority of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias, especially in certain cytogenetic subgroups associated with poor outcome. In acute myeloid leukemia, CCN2 expression is increased in MSCs, which has been associated with leukemic engraftment in vivo. In this review, the complex function of CCN2 in the BM microenvironment and in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis is discussed. In addition, an overview is given of data on the remaining CCN family members regarding normal and malignant hematopoiesis, having many similarities and some differences in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos J. Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04-312, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A. P. Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, UMCU Cancer Center, Heidelberglaan 100 B02.226, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M. Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Shah AM, Jain K, Desai RS, Bansal S, Shirsat P, Prasad P, Bodhankar K. The Role of Increased Connective Tissue Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and its Malignant Transformation-An Immunohistochemical Study. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:817-830. [PMID: 33544386 PMCID: PMC8384978 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins, is highly expressed in various organ fibrosis and several malignant tumors. Although a few studies have been conducted using CTGF in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma, no study has demonstrated its relation with various stages of OSF and its malignant transformation. The present study investigated the possible role of CTGF in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation by using immunohistochemistry. Ten formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, each of Stage 1 OSF, Stage 2 OSF, Stage 3 OSF, Stage 4 OSF, well- differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) with OSF and WDSCC without OSF were stained for CTGF by immunohistochemistry. Ten cases of healthy buccal mucosa (NOM) were included as controls. The present study demonstrated a statistically significant expression of CTGF in the epithelium and connective tissue of OSF and WDSCC with and without OSF cases against its complete absence in NOM. We observed an upregulation of CTGF expression from NOM to various stages of OSF to WDSCC with or without OSF. A gradual upregulation of the CTGF expression in various stages of OSF to WDSCC (with and without OSF) against its complete absence in NOM suggests that CTGF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OSF and its malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kejal Jain
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Rajiv S. Desai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pankaj Shirsat
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Pooja Prasad
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
| | - Kshitija Bodhankar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, 400008 India
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16
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He H, Luo H, Liu L, Shangguan Y, Xie X, Wen Y, Wang H, Chen L. Prenatal caffeine exposure caused H-type blood vessel-related long bone dysplasia via miR375/CTGF signaling. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21370. [PMID: 33734471 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002230r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine has developmental toxicity. Prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) caused intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and multiple organ dysplasia. This study intended to explore the effect and mechanism of PCE on long bone development in female fetal rats. In vivo, the PCE group pregnant rats were given different concentrations of caffeine during the gestational Day 9-20. The mRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes were significantly reduced in PCE group. In the PCE group (120 mg/kg·d), the length and primary center of fetal femur were shorter, and accompanied by H-type blood vessel abundance reducing. Meanwhile, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression decreased in the growth plate of the PCE group (120 mg/kg·d). In contrast, the miR375 expression increased. In vitro, caffeine decreased CTGF and increased miR375 expression in fetal growth plate chondrocytes. After co-culture with caffeine-treated chondrocytes, the tube formation ability for the H-type endothelial cells was decreased. Furthermore, CTGF overexpression or miR375 inhibitor reversed caffeine-induced reduction of tube formation ability, and miR375 inhibitor reversed caffeine-induced CTGF expression inhibition. In summary, PCE decreased the expression of CTGF by miR375, ultimately resulting in H-type blood vessel-related long bone dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyuan He
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanwen Luo
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yangfan Shangguan
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingkui Xie
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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17
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Jiang W, Takeshita N, Maeda T, Sogi C, Oyanagi T, Kimura S, Yoshida M, Sasaki K, Ito A, Takano-Yamamoto T. Connective tissue growth factor promotes chemotaxis of preosteoblasts through integrin α5 and Ras during tensile force-induced intramembranous osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2368. [PMID: 33504916 PMCID: PMC7841149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, new bone formation via intramembranous osteogenesis is a critical biological event for development, remodeling, and fracture healing of bones. Chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells is an essential cellular process in new bone formation. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is known to exert chemotactic properties on various cells; however, details of CTGF function in the chemotaxis of osteoblast lineage cells and underlying molecular biological mechanisms have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemotactic properties of CTGF and its underlying mechanisms during active bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis. In our mouse tensile force-induced bone formation model, preosteoblasts were aggregated at the osteogenic front of calvarial bones. CTGF was expressed at the osteogenic front, and functional inhibition of CTGF using a neutralizing antibody suppressed the aggregation of preosteoblasts. In vitro experiments using μ-slide chemotaxis chambers showed that a gradient of CTGF induced chemotaxis of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, while a neutralizing integrin α5 antibody and a Ras inhibitor inhibited the CTGF-induced chemotaxis of MC3T3-E1 cells. These findings suggest that the CTGF-integrin α5-Ras axis is an essential molecular mechanism to promote chemotaxis of preosteoblasts during new bone formation through intramembranous osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Maeda
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Chisumi Sogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihito Oyanagi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kiyo Sasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Arata Ito
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan. .,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.
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18
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Niland S, Eble JA. Hold on or Cut? Integrin- and MMP-Mediated Cell-Matrix Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010238. [PMID: 33379400 PMCID: PMC7794804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) has become the focus of interest in cancer research and treatment. It includes the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM-modifying enzymes that are secreted by cancer and neighboring cells. The ECM serves both to anchor the tumor cells embedded in it and as a means of communication between the various cellular and non-cellular components of the TME. The cells of the TME modify their surrounding cancer-characteristic ECM. This in turn provides feedback to them via cellular receptors, thereby regulating, together with cytokines and exosomes, differentiation processes as well as tumor progression and spread. Matrix remodeling is accomplished by altering the repertoire of ECM components and by biophysical changes in stiffness and tension caused by ECM-crosslinking and ECM-degrading enzymes, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These can degrade ECM barriers or, by partial proteolysis, release soluble ECM fragments called matrikines, which influence cells inside and outside the TME. This review examines the changes in the ECM of the TME and the interaction between cells and the ECM, with a particular focus on MMPs.
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19
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Chen Z, Zhang N, Chu HY, Yu Y, Zhang ZK, Zhang G, Zhang BT. Connective Tissue Growth Factor: From Molecular Understandings to Drug Discovery. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593269. [PMID: 33195264 PMCID: PMC7658337 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key signaling and regulatory molecule involved in different biological processes, such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and wound healing, as well as multiple pathologies, such as tumor development and tissue fibrosis. Although the underlying mechanisms of CTGF remain incompletely understood, a commonly accepted theory is that the interactions between different protein domains in CTGF and other various regulatory proteins and ligands contribute to its variety of functions. Here, we highlight the structure of each domain of CTGF and its biology functions in physiological conditions. We further summarized main diseases that are deeply influenced by CTGF domains and the potential targets of these diseases. Finally, we address the advantages and disadvantages of current drugs targeting CTGF and provide the perspective for the drug discovery of the next generation of CTGF inhibitors based on aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Yin Chu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zong-Kang Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Transdermal peptide conjugated to human connective tissue growth factor with enhanced cell proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis activities produced by a silkworm silk gland bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9979-9990. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Hubeau C, Rocks N, Cataldo D. ADAM28: Another ambivalent protease in cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 494:18-26. [PMID: 32861707 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of novel therapeutic options in a perspective of personalized therapy of cancer relies on the discovery of precise molecular mechanisms involved in the switch from a localized tumor to invasive metastasis spread. Pro-tumor functions have been mostly ascribed to proteolytic enzymes from the metalloproteinase family including A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases (ADAMs). Particularly, when expressed by cancer cells, ADAM28 protease supports cancer cell proliferation, survival and migration as well as metastatic progression. In sharp contrast, ADAM28 derived from the tumor microenvironment has shown to exert strong protective effects against deleterious metastasis dissemination. Indeed, depletion of host-derived ADAM28 (ADAM28 KO mice) accelerates colonization lung tissues, increases tumor foci implantation, and impairs T cell immune response. In this review, we outline specific ADAM28 functions when specifically expressed by carcinoma cells or by tumor microenvironment. Finally, we discuss about future research strategies that could be pursued to highlight new functions of this protease in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hubeau
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Rocks
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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22
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Liu CL, Liu X, Wang Y, Deng Z, Liu T, Sukhova GK, Wojtkiewicz GR, Tang R, Zhang JY, Achilefu S, Nahrendorf M, Libby P, Wang X, Shi GP. Reduced Nhe1 (Na +-H + Exchanger-1) Function Protects ApoE-Deficient Mice From Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Hypertension 2020; 76:87-100. [PMID: 32475310 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IgE-mediated activation of Nhe1 (Na+-H+ exchanger-1) induces aortic cell extracellular acidification and promotes cell apoptosis. A pH-sensitive probe pHrodo identified acidic regions at positions of macrophage accumulation, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in human and mouse abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) lesions. Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced AAA in Nhe1-insufficient Apoe-/-Nhe1+/- mice and Apoe-/-Nhe1+/+ littermates tested Nhe1 activity in experimental AAA, because Nhe1-/- mice develop ataxia and epileptic-like seizures and die early. Nhe1 insufficiency reduced AAA incidence and size, lesion macrophage and T-cell accumulation, collagen deposition, elastin fragmentation, cell apoptosis, smooth muscle cell loss, and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity. Nhe1 insufficiency also reduced blood pressure and the plasma apoptosis marker TCTP (translationally controlled tumor protein) but did not affect plasma IgE. While pHrodo localized the acidic regions to macrophage clusters, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in AAA lesions from Apoe-/-Nhe1+/+ mice, such acidic areas were much smaller in lesions from Apoe-/-Nhe1+/- mice. Nhe1-FcεR1 colocalization in macrophages from AAA lesions support a role of IgE-mediated Nhe1 activation. Gelatin zymography, immunoblot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that Nhe1 insufficiency reduced the MMP activity, cysteinyl cathepsin expression, IgE-induced apoptosis, and NF-κB activation in macrophages and blocked IgE-induced adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells. A near-infrared fluorescent probe (LS662) together with fluorescence reflectance imaging of intact aortas showed reduced acidity in AAA lesions from Nhe-1-insufficient mice. This study revealed extracellular acidity at regions rich in macrophages, IgE expression, and cell apoptosis in human and mouse AAA lesions and established a direct role of Nhe1 in AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Lin Liu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Tianxiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (G.R.W., M.N.)
| | - Rui Tang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (R.T., S.A.)
| | - Jin-Ying Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.)
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (R.T., S.A.)
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China (C.-L.L., Y.W., J.-Y.Z., X.W., G.-P.S.).,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (C.-L.L., X.L., Y.W., Z.D., T.L., G.K.S., P.L., G.-P.S.)
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23
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Moon S, Lee S, Caesar JA, Pruchenko S, Leask A, Knowles JA, Sinon J, Chaqour B. A CTGF-YAP Regulatory Pathway Is Essential for Angiogenesis and Barriergenesis in the Retina. iScience 2020; 23:101184. [PMID: 32502964 PMCID: PMC7270711 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or cellular communication network 2 (CCN2) is a matricellular protein essential for normal embryonic development and tissue repair. CTGF exhibits cell- and context-dependent activities, but CTGF function in vascular development and barrier function is unknown. We show that endothelial cells (ECs) are one of the major cellular sources of CTGF in the developing and adult retinal vasculature. Mice lacking CTGF expression either globally or specifically in ECs exhibit impaired vascular cell growth and morphogenesis and blood barrier breakdown. The global molecular signature of CTGF includes cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix protein, growth factor, and transcriptional co-regulator genes such as yes-associated protein (YAP). YAP, itself a transcriptional activator of CTGF, mediates several CTGF-controlled angiogenic and barriergenic transcriptional programs. Re-expression of YAP rescues, at least partially, angiogenesis and barriergenesis in CTGF mutant mouse retinas. Thus, the CTGF-YAP regulatory loop is integral to retinal vascular development and barrier function. CTGF has a strong and persistent expression in the retinal vasculature Mice lacking CTGF exhibit defects in angiogenesis and blood barrier integrity CTGF-targeted genes include matrix, growth, and transcription co-factors like YAP YAP re-expression partly rescues angiogenic and barriergenic defects of CTGF loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Moon
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sangmi Lee
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Joy Ann Caesar
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sarah Pruchenko
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Andrew Leask
- University of Saskatchewan, College of Dentistry, E3338 HS - 105 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E4, Canada
| | - James A Knowles
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jose Sinon
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Cell Biology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; State University of New York, Downstate Health Science University, Department of Ophthalmology, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; SUNY Eye Institute, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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24
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Basta J, Robbins L, Stout L, Prinsen MJ, Griggs DW, Rauchman M. Pharmacologic inhibition of RGD-binding integrins ameliorates fibrosis and improves function following kidney injury. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14329. [PMID: 32281744 PMCID: PMC7153038 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a final common pathway for many causes of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-binding integrins are important mediators of the pro-fibrotic response by activating latent TGF-β at sites of injury and by providing myofibroblasts information about the composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix. Therefore, blockade of RGD-binding integrins may have therapeutic potential for CKD. To test this idea, we used small-molecule peptidomimetics that potently inhibit a subset of RGD-binding integrins in a murine model of kidney fibrosis. Acute kidney injury leading to fibrosis was induced by administration of aristolochic acid. Continuous subcutaneous administration of CWHM-12, an RGD integrin antagonist, for 28 days improved kidney function as measured by serum creatinine. CWHM-12 significantly reduced Collagen 1 (Col1a1) mRNA expression and scar collagen deposition in the kidney. Protein and gene expression markers of activated myofibroblasts, a major source of extracellular matrix deposition in kidney fibrosis, were diminished by treatment. RNA sequencing revealed that inhibition of RGD integrins influenced multiple pathways that determine the outcome of the response to injury and of repair processes. A second RGD integrin antagonist, CWHM-680, administered once daily by oral gavage was also effective in ameliorating fibrosis. We conclude that targeting RGD integrins with such small-molecule antagonists is a promising therapeutic approach in fibrotic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Basta
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
- VA St. Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMissouri
| | - Lynn Robbins
- VA St. Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMissouri
| | - Lisa Stout
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
| | - Michael J. Prinsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiophysicsWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
| | - David W. Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologySaint Louis UniversitySaint LouisMissouri
| | - Michael Rauchman
- Department of MedicineDivision of NephrologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouri
- VA St. Louis Health Care SystemSaint LouisMissouri
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25
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Li J, Deng Z, Zhang X, Liu F, Yang C, Shi GP. Deficiency of immunoglobulin E protects mice from experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. FASEB J 2020; 34:3091-3104. [PMID: 31909541 PMCID: PMC7018578 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma with high plasma IgE levels is a significant risk factor of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study tests a direct role of IgE in angiotensin-II (Ang-II) perfusion- and peri-aortic CaCl2 injury-induced AAA in mice. In both models, IgE-deficiency in Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice blunts AAA growth and reduces lesion accumulation of macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and lesion MHC class-II expression, CD31+ microvessel growth, and media smooth muscle cell loss, compared with those from Apoe-/- control mice. Real time-PCR reveals significant reductions in expression of neutrophil chemoattractants MIP-2α and CXCL5 in AAA lesions or macrophages from Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice, along with reduced lesion Ly6G+ neutrophil accumulation. Consistent with reduced lesion inflammatory cell accumulation, we find significant reductions of plasma and AAA lesion IL6 expression in Apoe-/- Ige-/- mice. Immunofluorescent staining and FACS analysis show that AAA lesion neutrophils express FcεR1. Mechanistic study demonstrates that IgE induces neutrophil FcεR1 expression, activates MAPK signaling, and promotes IL6 production. This study supports a direct role of IgE in AAA by promoting lesion chemokine expression, inflammatory cell accumulation, MAPK signaling, and cytokine expression. IgE inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach in AAA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongzhe Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, National Key Clinic Specialty, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Augustine R, Zahid AA, Wang M, Webster TJ, Hasan A. Growth factor releasing core-shell polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:1066-1069. [PMID: 31946078 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, biomaterials and appropriate signals to repair or improve the functions of damaged tissues. Our group is exploiting various approaches to effectively encapsulate multiple growth factors in polymeric scaffolds for tissue engineering and wound healing applications. In this report, some of the exciting results from our most recent and ongoing projects are outlined with a focus on the use of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). CTGF is a secreted protein with major roles in angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and tissue repair. CTGF can play a major role in tissue regeneration by enhancing cell proliferation and promoting cell migration. CTGF was incorporated to electrospun polymeric fibers to provide sustained release. Experimental results demonstrated the ability of scaffolds incorporated with CTGF to promote cell proliferation and cell migration. This study shows the application potential of the developed scaffolds in various tissue engineering applications.
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27
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Kim B, Kim H, Jung S, Moon A, Noh DY, Lee ZH, Kim HJ, Kim HH. A CTGF-RUNX2-RANKL Axis in Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells Promotes Tumor Progression in Bone. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:155-166. [PMID: 31505052 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis to bone is a frequent occurrence in patients with breast and prostate cancers and inevitably threatens the patient's quality of life and survival. Identification of cancer-derived mediators of bone metastasis and osteolysis may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we established highly bone-metastatic PC3 prostate and MDA-MB-231 (MDA) breast cancer cell sublines by in vivo selection in mice. In bone-metastatic cancer cells, the expression and secretion of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were highly upregulated. CTGF knockdown in bone-metastatic cells decreased invasion activity and MMP expression. RUNX2 overexpression in the CTGF knockdown cells restored the invasion activity and MMP expression. In addition, CTGF increased RUNX2 protein stability by inducing its acetylation via p300 acetyl transferase. The integrin αvβ3 receptor mediated these effects of CTGF. Furthermore, CTGF promoted RUNX2 recruitment to the RANKL promoter, resulting in increased RANKL production from the tumor cells and subsequent stimulation of osteoclastogenesis from precursor cells. In addition, animal model with injection of CTGF knocked-down prostate cancer cells into 6-week old BALB/c male mice showed reduced osteolytic lesions. More importantly, the expression levels of CTGF and RANKL showed a strong positive correlation in human primary breast tumor tissues and were higher in bone metastases than in other site metastases. These findings indicate that CTGF plays crucial roles for osteolytic bone metastasis both by enhancing invasiveness of tumor cells and by producing RANKL for osteoclastogenesis. Targeting CTGF may lead to the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for osteolytic metastasis. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haemin Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.,Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suhan Jung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zang Hee Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, and Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and DRI, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Abstract
The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size control, and regeneration. The core of the Hippo pathway in mammals consists of a kinase cascade, MST1/2 and LATS1/2, as well as downstream effectors, transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ. These core components of the Hippo pathway control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, survival, mobility, stemness, and differentiation. The Hippo pathway is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals, such as mechanical force, cell-cell contact, polarity, energy status, stress, and many diffusible hormonal factors, the majority of which act through G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we review the current understanding of molecular mechanisms by which signals regulate the Hippo pathway with an emphasis on mechanotransduction and the effects of this pathway on basic biology and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; , , ,
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29
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CTGF Attenuates Tendon-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cell Aging. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:6257537. [PMID: 31827530 PMCID: PMC6881574 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6257537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged tendon-derived stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) lead to age-related tendon disorders and impair tendon healing. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of TSPC aging remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in TSPC aging. CTGF protein and mRNA levels were markedly decreased in the aged TSPCs. Moreover, recombinant CTGF attenuates TSPC aging and restores the age-associated reduction of self-renewal and differentiation of TSPCs. In addition, cell cycle distribution of aged TSPCs was arrested in the G1/S phase while recombinant CTGF treatment promoted G1/S transition. Recombinant CTGF also rescued decreased levels of cyclin D1 and CDK4 and reduced p27kip1 expression in aged TSPCs. Our results demonstrated that CTGF plays a vital role in TSPC aging and might be a potential target for molecular therapy of age-related tendon disorders.
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30
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Gorabi AM, Bianconi V, Pirro M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Regulation of cardiac stem cells by microRNAs: State-of-the-art. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109447. [PMID: 31580971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have a therapeutic potential in various medical conditions. In cases without sufficient response to conventional drug treatments, stem cells represent a next generation therapeutic strategy in cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac stem cells (CSCs), among a wide variety of stem cell sources, have been identified as a valid option for stem cell-based therapy in cardiovascular diseases. CSCs mainly act as a cell source to supply the physiological need for cardiovascular cells. However, they have been demonstrated to reproduce the myocardial cells under pathological settings. Despite their roles and functions have somewhat been clarified, molecular pathways underlying the regulatory mechanisms of CSCs are still not fully elucidated. Several studies have recently shown that different microRNAs (miRNAs) play a substantial role in regulating and controlling both the physiological and pathological proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and may undergo aberrant expression levels during pathological conditions. Understanding the way through which miRNAs regulate CSC behavior may open up new horizons in modulating these cells in vitro to devise sophisticated approaches for treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this review article, we tried to discuss available evidence about the role of miRNAs in regulating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Bianconi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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31
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Pan WQ, Wang JP, Tu ZH, Gan T, Hu J, Wei J, Leng XJ, Li XQ. Cloning, molecular characterization, and tissue differential expression of connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) of grass carp. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1431-1443. [PMID: 31267430 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00653-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) is involved in the proliferation, migration, adhesion of cell, and the constituent of extracellular matrix, which plays an important role in embryogenesis, angiogenesis, wound repair, and fibrosis diseases. In this study, the cDNA sequence of grass carp ctgf gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method; then, the characteristics of this gene and the predicted protein sequence were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the tissue differential expression pattern was detected by the quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that the grass carp ctgf gene has a full-length of 2223 bp, encoding 343 amino acids. The deduced CTGF protein is a hydrophilic and secretary protein with a molecular mass of 37,978.2 Da and an isoelectric point of 8.22. The signal peptide locates between residue positions 1 and 22 of the polypeptide chain. The protein contains α-helix, β-strand, and loops. The CTGF protein of grass carp shows a homology of 98%, 96%, 91%, and 91% with Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), zebrafish (Danio rerio), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). The grass carp ctgf gene expressed significantly higher in blood and spleen than that in other tissues (P < 0.05). The low expression tissues included the heart, gill, skin, muscle, kidney, brain, and intestinal, and the lowest expression tissue was the liver. The results are consistent with the function of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Pan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun-Peng Wang
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Tian Gan
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wei
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Leng
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- The College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Shanghai University Knowledge Service Platform, Shanghai Ocean University Aquatic Animal Breeding Center, No. 999, Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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32
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Souza AK, Souza TR, Siqueira das Neves LM, de Paula Marcondes Ferreira Leite G, Garcia SB, Roberto de Jesus Guirro R, Barbosa RI, Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro E. Effect of High Voltage Pulsed Current on the integration of total skin grafts in rats submitted to nicotine action. J Tissue Viability 2019; 28:161-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rauchman M, Griggs D. Emerging strategies to disrupt the central TGF-β axis in kidney fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 209:90-104. [PMID: 31085163 PMCID: PMC6850218 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects more than 20 million people in the United States and the global burden of this disorder is increasing. Many affected individuals will progress to end stage kidney disease necessitating dialysis or transplantation. CKD is also a major independent contributor to the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a final common pathway for most causes of progressive CKD. Currently, there are no clinically available therapies targeting fibrosis that can slow the decline in kidney function. Although it has long been known that TGF-β signaling is a critical mediator of kidney fibrosis, translating this knowledge to the clinic has been challenging. In this review, we highlight some recent insights into the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling that target activation of this cytokine at the site of injury or selectively inhibit pro-fibrotic gene expression. Molecules directed at these targets hold the promise of attaining therapeutic efficacy while limiting toxicity seen with global inhibition of TGF-β. Kidney injury has profound epigenetic effects leading to altered expression of more than a thousand genes. We discuss how drugs targeting epigenetic modifications, some of which are in use for cancer therapy, have the potential to reprogram gene regulatory networks to favor adaptive repair and prevent fibrosis. The lack of reliable biomarkers of kidney fibrosis is a major limitation in designing clinical trials for testing CKD treatments. We conclude by reviewing recent advances in fibrosis biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauchman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri; VA St. Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, Missouri.
| | - David Griggs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri.
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34
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Honda M, Hariya R, Matsumoto M, Aizawa M. Acceleration of Osteogenesis via Stimulation of Angiogenesis by Combination with Scaffold and Connective Tissue Growth Factor. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132068. [PMID: 31252589 PMCID: PMC6651084 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In bone regeneration, there are some important cellular biological processes, such as mineralization, cell organization, and differentiation. In particular, vascularization into regenerative tissues is a key step for the survival of cells and tissues. In this study, to fabricate biomimetic-engineered bone, including vascular networks, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a multifunctional protein which could regulate the extracellular matrix remodeling. By combination with CTGF and hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics (2D) or apatite-fiber scaffold (AFS, 3D), we have fabricated bioactive materials. The CTGF-loaded HAp ceramics could enhance the cellular attachment through interaction with integrin and promote actin cytoskeletal reorganization. CTGF-loaded HAp also enhanced the differentiation of osteoblasts by integrin-mediated activation of the signaling pathway. Under co-culture conditions, both osteoblasts and endothelial cells in the CTGF-loaded AFS were stimulated by CTGF, and each cell could penetrate the central region of the scaffold in vitro and in vivo. Direct cell-cell interaction would also improve the functionality of cells in bone formation. These results suggest that coupling between effective optimized scaffold and CTGF with multifunction could provide better mimicking natural bone by stimulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Honda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Ryo Hariya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mamoru Aizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
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Cheng G, Yin C, Tu H, Jiang S, Wang Q, Zhou X, Xing X, Xie C, Shi X, Du Y, Deng H, Li Z. Controlled Co-delivery of Growth Factors through Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Core-Shell Nanofibers for Improving Bone Regeneration. ACS NANO 2019; 13:6372-6382. [PMID: 31184474 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of bone tissue is regulated by both osteogenic and angiogenic growth factors which are expressed in a coordinated cascade of events. The aim of this study was to create a dual growth factor-release system that allows for time-controlled release to facilitate bone regeneration. We fabricated core-shell SF/PCL/PVA nanofibrous mats using coaxial electrospinning and layer-by-layer (LBL) techniques, where bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) was incorporated into the core of the nanofibers and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was attached onto the surface. Our study confirmed the sustained release of BMP2 and a rapid release of CTGF. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated improvements in bone tissue recovery with the dual-drug release system. In vivo studies showed improvement in bone regeneration by 43% compared with single BMP2 release systems. Time-controlled release enabled by the core-shell nanofiber assembly provides a promising strategy to facilitate bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Cheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Hu Tu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Public Health , Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430030 , China
| | - Xin Xing
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Congyong Xie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Xiaowen Shi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Yuming Du
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
| | - Zubing Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430079 , China
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Eble JA, Niland S. The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:171-198. [PMID: 30972526 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form supramolecular aggregates, such as fibrils and sheet-like networks. In addition to its biochemical composition, including the covalent intermolecular cross-linkages, the ECM is also characterized by its biophysical parameters, such as topography, molecular density, stiffness/rigidity and tension. Taking these biochemical and biophysical parameters into consideration, the ECM is very versatile and undergoes constant remodeling. This review focusses on this remodeling of the ECM under the influence of a primary solid tumor mass. Within this tumor stroma, not only the cancer cells but also the resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), modify the ECM. Growth factors and chemokines, which are tethered to and released from the ECM, as well as metabolic changes of the cells within the tumor bulk, add to the tumor-supporting tumor microenvironment. Metastasizing cancer cells from a primary tumor mass infiltrate into the ECM, which variably may facilitate cancer cell migration or act as barrier, which has to be proteolytically breached by the infiltrating tumor cell. The biochemical and biophysical properties therefore determine the rates and routes of metastatic dissemination. Moreover, primed by soluble factors of the primary tumor, the ECM of distant organs may be remodeled in a way to facilitate the engraftment of metastasizing cancer cells. Such premetastatic niches are responsible for the organotropic preference of certain cancer entities to colonize at certain sites in distant organs and to establish a metastasis. Translational application of our knowledge about the cancer-primed ECM is sparse with respect to therapeutic approaches, whereas tumor-induced ECM alterations such as increased tissue stiffness and desmoplasia, as well as breaching the basement membrane are hallmark of malignancy and diagnostically and histologically harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
The CCN protein family is composed of six matricellular proteins, which serve regulatory roles rather than structural roles in the extracellular matrix. First identified as secreted proteins which are induced by oncogenes, the acronym CCN came from the names of the first three members: CYR61, CTGF, and NOV. All six members of the CCN family consist of four cysteine-rich modular domains. CCN proteins are known to regulate cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In addition, CCN proteins are associated with cardiovascular and skeletal development, injury repair, inflammation, and cancer. They function either through binding to integrin receptors or by regulating the expression and activity of growth factors and cytokines. Given their diverse roles related to the pathology of certain diseases such as fibrosis, arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and cancer, there are many emerging studies targeting CCN protein signaling pathways in attempts to elucidate their potentials as therapeutic targets. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(10): 486-493].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, and Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Its Ligands in Kidney Inflammation and Damage. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8739473. [PMID: 30670929 PMCID: PMC6323488 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8739473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. Although many studies have investigated the factors involved in the progressive deterioration of renal function, current therapeutic strategies only delay disease progression, leaving an unmet need for effective therapeutic interventions that target the cause behind the inflammatory process and could slow down or reverse the development and progression of CKD. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (ERBB1), a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in the kidney, is activated after renal damage, and preclinical studies have evidenced its potential as a therapeutic target in CKD therapy. To date, seven official EGFR ligands have been described, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) (canonical ligand), transforming growth factor-α, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, amphiregulin, betacellulin, epiregulin, and epigen. Recently, the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) has been described as a novel EGFR ligand. The direct activation of EGFR by its ligands can exert different cellular responses, depending on the specific ligand, tissue, and pathological condition. Among all EGFR ligands, CTGF/CCN2 is of special relevance in CKD. This growth factor, by binding to EGFR and downstream signaling pathway activation, regulates renal inflammation, cell growth, and fibrosis. EGFR can also be “transactivated” by extracellular stimuli, including several key factors involved in renal disease, such as angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), and other cytokines, including members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, showing another important mechanism involved in renal pathology. The aim of this review is to summarize the contribution of EGFR pathway activation in experimental kidney damage, with special attention to the regulation of the inflammatory response and the role of some EGFR ligands in this process. Better insights in EGFR signaling in renal disease could improve our current knowledge of renal pathology contributing to therapeutic strategies for CKD development and progression.
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Wallace K, Chatman K, Johnson V, Brookins A, Rushing J, LaMarca B. Novel treatment avenues for uterine leiomyoma: a new implication for endothelin? Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2261-2267. [PMID: 30301761 PMCID: PMC6614866 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61), an angiogenic factor whose expression is decreased in fibroids. The aim of the present study was to determine if CYR61 secretion in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is regulated by hypoxia and through the endothelin A (ETA) receptor. SMCs from fibroids (fSMC) and the adjacent myometrium smooth muscle cells (mSMCs) were extracted from ten women undergoing hysterectomy for uterine fibroids and cultured with or without 1.0 µM of an ETA receptor antagonist for 24 h under either normal or hypoxic oxygen conditions. Cellular secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and CYR61 were measured via enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the cell culture media. SMCs were collected to determine cell proliferation and CYR61 protein expression via Western blot. ET-1 secretion was significantly increased in fSMC and was decreased with blockade of the ETA receptor under both normoxia (P=0.0004) and hypoxia (P=0.008). CYR61 expression was decreased in fSMCs and significantly increased with blockade of the ETA receptor under hypoxia (P=0.04). Cell proliferation decreased with ETA blockade under normoxia (P=0.0001) and hypoxia (P=0.001). These results suggest that suppression of CYR61 secretion in fSMC is regulated by the ET-1 and that blockade with ETA could be considered for a future treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedra Wallace
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A.
| | - Krystal Chatman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Venessia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Alexis Brookins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - John Rushing
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
| | - Babbette LaMarca
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, U.S.A
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40
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Poltavets V, Kochetkova M, Pitson SM, Samuel MS. The Role of the Extracellular Matrix and Its Molecular and Cellular Regulators in Cancer Cell Plasticity. Front Oncol 2018; 8:431. [PMID: 30356678 PMCID: PMC6189298 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment encompasses all components of a tumor other than the cancer cells themselves. It is highly heterogenous, comprising a cellular component that includes immune cells, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells, and a non-cellular component, which is a meshwork of polymeric proteins and accessory molecules, termed the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM provides both a biochemical and biomechanical context within which cancer cells exist. Cancer progression is dependent on the ability of cancer cells to traverse the ECM barrier, access the circulation and establish distal metastases. Communication between cancer cells and the microenvironment is therefore an important aspect of tumor progression. Significant progress has been made in identifying the molecular mechanisms that enable cancer cells to subvert the immune component of the microenvironment to facilitate tumor growth and spread. While much less is known about how the tumor cells adapt to changes in the ECM nor indeed how they influence ECM structure and composition, the importance of the ECM to cancer progression is now well established. Plasticity refers to the ability of cancer cells to modify their physiological characteristics, permitting them to survive hostile microenvironments and resist therapy. Examples include the acquisition of stemness characteristics and the epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transitions. There is emerging evidence that the biochemical and biomechanical properties of the ECM influence cancer cell plasticity and vice versa. Outstanding challenges for the field remain the identification of the cellular mechanisms by which cancer cells establish tumor-promoting ECM characteristics and delineating the key molecular mechanisms underlying ECM-induced cancer cell plasticity. Here we summarize the current state of understanding about the relationships between cancer cells and the main stromal cell types of the microenvironment that determine ECM characteristics, and the key molecular pathways that govern this three-way interaction to regulate cancer cell plasticity. We postulate that a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic system will be required to fully exploit opportunities for targeting the ECM regulators of cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Poltavets
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Marina Kochetkova
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kaasbøll OJ, Gadicherla AK, Wang JH, Monsen VT, Hagelin EMV, Dong MQ, Attramadal H. Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) is a matricellular preproprotein controlled by proteolytic activation. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17953-17970. [PMID: 30262666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; now often referred to as CCN2) is a secreted protein predominantly expressed during development, in various pathological conditions that involve enhanced fibrogenesis and tissue fibrosis, and in several cancers and is currently an emerging target in several early-phase clinical trials. Tissues containing high CCN2 activities often display smaller degradation products of full-length CCN2 (FL-CCN2). Interpretation of these observations is complicated by the fact that a uniform protein structure that defines biologically active CCN2 has not yet been resolved. Here, using DG44 CHO cells engineered to produce and secrete FL-CCN2 and cell signaling and cell physiological activity assays, we demonstrate that FL-CCN2 is itself an inactive precursor and that a proteolytic fragment comprising domains III (thrombospondin type 1 repeat) and IV (cystine knot) appears to convey all biologically relevant activities of CCN2. In congruence with these findings, purified FL-CCN2 could be cleaved and activated following incubation with matrix metalloproteinase activities. Furthermore, the C-terminal fragment of CCN2 (domains III and IV) also formed homodimers that were ∼20-fold more potent than the monomeric form in activating intracellular phosphokinase cascades. The homodimer elicited activation of fibroblast migration, stimulated assembly of focal adhesion complexes, enhanced RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 cells, and promoted mammosphere formation of MCF-7 mammary cancer cells. In conclusion, CCN2 is synthesized and secreted as a preproprotein that is autoinhibited by its two N-terminal domains and requires proteolytic processing and homodimerization to become fully biologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jørgen Kaasbøll
- From the Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- From the Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Vivi Talstad Monsen
- From the Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Else Marie Valbjørn Hagelin
- From the Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Meng-Qiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Håvard Attramadal
- From the Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0424 Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Chen X, Wang L, Huang R, Qiu H, Wang P, Wu D, Zhu Y, Ming J, Wang Y, Wang J, Na J. Dgcr8 deletion in the primitive heart uncovered novel microRNA regulating the balance of cardiac-vascular gene program. Protein Cell 2018; 10:327-346. [PMID: 30128894 PMCID: PMC6468043 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive mammalian heart transforms from a single tube to a four-chambered muscular organ during a short developmental window. We found that knocking out global microRNA by deleting Dgcr8 microprocessor in Mesp1 cardiovascular progenitor cells lead to the formation of extremely dilated and enlarged heart due to defective cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation. Transcriptome analysis revealed unusual upregulation of vascular gene expression in Dgcr8 cKO hearts. Single cell RNA sequencing study further confirmed the increase of angiogenesis genes in single Dgcr8 cKO CM. We also performed global microRNA profiling of E9.5 heart for the first time, and identified that miR-541 was transiently highly expressed in E9.5 hearts. Interestingly, introducing miR-541 back into microRNA-free CMs partially rescued their defects, downregulated angiogenesis genes and significantly upregulated cardiac genes. Moreover, miR-541 can target Ctgf and inhibit endothelial function. Our results suggest that microRNAs are required to suppress abnormal angiogenesis gene program to maintain CM differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rujin Huang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peizhe Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Daren Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yonglin Zhu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jia Ming
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Hou CH, Yang RS, Tsao YT. Connective tissue growth factor stimulates osteosarcoma cell migration and induces osteosarcoma metastasis by upregulating VCAM-1 expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:71-81. [PMID: 29909077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy that occurs in the young population. After osteosarcoma cells metastasize to the lung, prognosis is very poor owing to difficulties in early diagnosis and effective treatment. Recently, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was reported to be a critical contributor to osteosarcoma metastasis. However, the detailed mechanism associated with CTGF-directed migration in bone neoplasms is still mostly unknown. Through the in vivo and in vitro examination of osteosarcoma cells, this study suggests that VCAM-1 up-regulation and increased osteosarcoma cell migration are involved in this process. Antagonizing αvβ3 integrin inhibited cell migration. Moreover, FAK, PI3K, Akt and NF-κB activation were also shown to be involved in CTGF-mediated osteosarcoma metastasis. Taken together, CTGF promotes VCAM-1 production and further induces osteosarcoma metastasis via the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway, which could represent a promising clinical target to improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Rong-Sen Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Tsao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, NO 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Srivastava A, Shukla V, Tiwari D, Gupta J, Kumar S, Kumar A. Targeted therapy of chronic liver diseases with the inhibitors of angiogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:256-266. [PMID: 29859468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis appears to be intrinsically associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases, which eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis and related complications, including hepatocellular carcinoma. Several studies have suggested that this association is relevant for chronic liver disease (CLD) progression, with angiogenesis. The fact that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in CLDs gives rise to new opportunities for treating CLDs. Inhibitor of angiogenesis has proved effective for the treatment of patients suffering from CLD. However, it is limited in diagnosis. The last decade has witnessed a plethora of publications which elucidate the potential of angiogenesis inhibitors for the therapy of CLD. The close relationship between the progression of CLDs and angiogenesis emphasizes the need for anti-angiogenic therapy to block/slow down CLD progression. The present review summarizes all these discussions, the results of the related studies carried out to date and the future prospects in this field. We discuss liver angiogenesis in normal and pathophysiologic conditions with a focus on the role and future use of angiogenic factors as second-line treatment of CLD. This review compiles relevant findings and offers opinions that have emerged in last few years relating liver angiogenesis and its treatment using anti-angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Srivastava
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vanistha Shukla
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Gupta
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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45
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Seleem AA, Sultan ARS, Said A, Shahat MM, Moustafa MA. Localization of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-β2) during eye development of four species of birds. J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1475861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin A. Seleem
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Allula, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Said
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Shahat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohsen A. Moustafa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Zheng J, Hu L, Cheng J, Xu J, Zhong Z, Yang Y, Yuan Z. lncRNA PVT1 promotes the angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cell by targeting miR‑26b to activate CTGF/ANGPT2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:489-496. [PMID: 29620147 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for various biological processes, including tumor blood supply delivery, cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been previously reported to affect angiogenesis of glioma microvascular endothelial cells by regulating microRNA (miR)‑186 expression level. However, the specific underlying molecular mechanism of PVT1 regulation of angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the role of PVT1 in cell proliferation, migration and vascular tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using MTT assay, Transwell migration assay and in vitro vascular tube formation assay, respectively. In order to determine the effect of miR‑26b on cell proliferation, migration and vascular tube formation of HUVECs, miR‑26 mimic or miR‑26b inhibitor were transfected into HUVECs. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted to quantify the mRNA and protein expression levels of target genes. The present study confirmed that miR‑26b bound 3'‑untranslated region (3'‑UTR) and subsequently influenced gene expression level using dual luciferase reporter assay. The current study observed that PVT1 affected cell proliferation, migration and in vitro vascular tube formation of HUVECs. In addition, it was determined that PVT1 was able to bind and degrade miR‑26b to promote connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) expression. miR‑26b was also identified to have a suppressive role in cell proliferation, migration and in vitro vascular tube formation of HUVECs via binding 3'‑UTR regions and downregulating CTGF and ANGPT2 expression levels. The current findings may improve the understanding of the underlying mechanism of PVT1 contributing to angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cells and offer rationale for targeting PVT1 to treat angiogenesis dysfunction‑associated diseases, including cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Lili Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Yuan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Chen YL, Chang MC, Chiang YC, Lin HW, Sun NY, Chen CA, Sun WZ, Cheng WF. Immuno-modulators enhance antigen-specific immunity and anti-tumor effects of mesothelin-specific chimeric DNA vaccine through promoting DC maturation. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:152-163. [PMID: 29596890 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a tumor antigen, mesothelin (MSLN) can be identified in various malignancies. MSLN is potential for antigen-specific cancer vaccines. We generated a novel chimeric DNA vaccine using antigen-specific connective tissue growth factor lined with MSLN (CTGF/MSLN). The anti-tumor effects of the CTGF/MSLN DNA vaccine combined with anti-CD40 Ab and toll-like receptor 3 ligand-poly(I:C) were validated in an MSLN-expressing model. CTGF/MSLN DNA with anti-CD40Ab and poly(I:C) vaccinated mice demonstrated potent anti-tumor effects with longer survival and less tumor volumes. An increase in MSLN-specific CD8+ T cells and anti-MSLN Ab titers was also noted in CTGF/MSLN DNA with anti-CD40Ab and poly(I:C) vaccinated mice. The CTGF/MSLN DNA vaccine combined with immuno-modulator EGCG also generated potent anti-tumor effects. Immuno-modulators could enhance the antigen-specific anti-tumor effects of CTGF/MSLN DNA vaccine through promoting the DC maturation. In addition, MSLN-specific cell-based vaccine with AAV-IL-12 and the CTGF/MSLN DNA vaccine with anti-CD40Ab/polyp(I:C) generated more potent anti-tumor effects than the other combinational regimens. The results indicate that an MSLN-specific DNA vaccine combined with immuno-modulators may be an effective immunotherapeutic strategy to control MSLN-expressing tumors including ovarian and pancreastic cancers, and malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chi-An Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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48
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Zoppi N, Chiarelli N, Ritelli M, Colombi M. Multifaced Roles of the αvβ3 Integrin in Ehlers-Danlos and Arterial Tortuosity Syndromes' Dermal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040982. [PMID: 29587413 PMCID: PMC5979373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The αvβ3 integrin, an endothelial cells’ receptor-binding fibronectin (FN) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of blood vessels, regulates ECM remodeling during migration, invasion, angiogenesis, wound healing and inflammation, and is also involved in the epithelial mesenchymal transition. In vitro-grown human control fibroblasts organize a fibrillar network of FN, which is preferentially bound on the entire cell surface to its canonical α5β1 integrin receptor, whereas the αvβ3 integrin is present only in rare patches in focal contacts. We report on the preferential recruitment of the αvβ3 integrin, due to the lack of FN–ECM and its canonical integrin receptor, in dermal fibroblasts from Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) and arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS), which are rare multisystem connective tissue disorders. We review our previous findings that unraveled different biological mechanisms elicited by the αvβ3 integrin in fibroblasts derived from patients affected with classical (cEDS), vascular (vEDS), hypermobile EDS (hEDS), hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD), and ATS. In cEDS and vEDS, respectively, due to defective type V and type III collagens, αvβ3 rescues patients’ fibroblasts from anoikis through a paxillin-p60Src-mediated cross-talk with the EGF receptor. In hEDS and HSD, without a defined molecular basis, the αvβ3 integrin transduces to the ILK-Snail1-axis inducing a fibroblast-to-myofibroblast-transition. In ATS cells, the deficiency of the dehydroascorbic acid transporter GLUT10 leads to redox imbalance, ECM disarray together with the activation of a non-canonical αvβ3 integrin-TGFBRII signaling, involving p125FAK/p60Src/p38MAPK. The characterization of these different biological functions triggered by αvβ3 provides insights into the multifaced nature of this integrin, at least in cultured dermal fibroblasts, offering future perspectives for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Microrna-26b attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via targeting connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cyclin D1 (CCND1). Oncotarget 2018; 7:72746-72757. [PMID: 27322082 PMCID: PMC5341941 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are involved in the control of cell growth, and deregulated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation plays an essential role in the development of pulmonary hypertension. The objective of this study was to identify differentially expressed microRNA(s) and explore its therapeutic role in treatment of the disease. MicroRNA expression profile analysis showed microRNA-26b was differentially expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells harvested from monocrotaline-treated rats, and we validated microRNA-26b targets, in vitro and in vivo, CTGF and CCND1, both of which have been shown, in our previous work, to be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. In vivo experiments demonstrated monocrotaline-induced pulmonary artery remodeling could be almost completely abolished by administration of microRNA-26b, while CTGF or CCND1 shRNA significantly, but only partially, attenuated the remodeling by silencing the designed target. Additionally, exogenous expression of the microRNA-26b substantially downregulated CTGF and CCND1 in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. MicroRNA-26b might be a potent therapeutic tool to treat pulmonary hypertension.
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Ebnerasuly F, Hajebrahimi Z, Tabaie SM, Darbouy M. Effect of Simulated Microgravity Conditions on Differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells towards Fibroblasts Using Connective Tissue Growth Factor. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 15:241-251. [PMID: 29845076 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to differentiating into a variety of mesenchymal tissues including osteoblasts, adipocytes and several other tissues. Objectives: Differentiation of MSCs into fibroblast cells in vitro is an attractive strategy to achieve fibroblast cell and use them for purposes such as regeneration medicine. The goal of this study was investigate the simulated microgravity effect on differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) to fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: To fibroblast differentiation 100 ng.mL-1 of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and for simulation microgravity, 2D clinostat was used. After isolation the human ADSCs from adipose, cells were passaged, and at passages 3 they were used for characterization and subsequent steps. After 7 days of CTGF and simulated microgravity treatment, proliferation, and differentiation were analyzed collectively by MTT assay, quantitative PCR analyses, and Immunocytochemistry staining. Results: MTT assay revealed that CTGF stimulate the proliferation but simulated microgravity didn't have statistically significant effect on cell proliferation. In RNA level the expression of these genes are investigated: collagen type I (COLI), elastin (ELA), collagen type III (ColIII), Matrix Metalloproteinases I(MMP1), Fibronectin 1 (FN1), CD44, Fibroblast Specific protein (FSP-1), Integrin Subunit Beta 1 (ITGB1), Vimentin (VIM) and Fibrillin (FBN). We found that expression of ELN, FN1, FSP1, COL1A1, ITGB1, MMP1 and COL3A1 in both condition, and VIM and FBN1 just in differentiation medium in normal gravity increased. In protein level the expression of COL III and ELN in simulated microgravity increased. Conclusions: These findings collectively demonstrate that the simulated microgravity condition alters the marker fibroblast gene expression in fibroblast differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Ebnerasuly
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.,Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajebrahimi
- Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi Tabaie
- Medical Laser Research Center, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Darbouy
- Department of Biology, Fars Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran.,Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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