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Adams JC. Thrombospondins: Conserved mediators and modulators of metazoan extracellular matrix. Int J Exp Pathol 2024. [PMID: 39267379 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides a personal overview of significant scientific developments in the thrombospondin field during the course of my career. Thrombospondins are multidomain, multimeric, calcium-binding extracellular glycoproteins with context-specific roles in tissue organisation. They act at cell surfaces and within ECM to regulate cell phenotype and signalling, differentiation and assembly of collagenous ECM, along with tissue-specific roles in cartilage, angiogenesis and synaptic function. More recently, intracellular, homeostatic roles have also been identified. Resolution of structures for the major domains of mammalian thrombospondins has facilitated major advances in understanding thrombospondin biology from molecule to tissue; for example, in illuminating molecular consequences of disease-causing coding mutations in human pseudoachrondroplasia. Although principally studied in vertebrates, thrombospondins are amongst the most ancient of animal ECM proteins, with many invertebrates encoding a single thrombospondin and the thrombospondin gene family of vertebrates originating through gene duplications. Moreover, thrombospondins form one branch of a thrombospondin superfamily that debuted at the origin of metazoans. The super-family includes additional sub-groups, present only in invertebrates, that differ in N-terminal domain organisation, share the distinctive TSP C-terminal region domain architecture and, to the limited extent studied to date, apparently contribute to tissue development and organisation. Finally, major lines of translational research are discussed, related to fibrosis; TSP1, TSP2 and inhibition of angiogenesis; and the alleviation of chronic cartilage tissue pathologies in pseudoachrondroplasia.
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2
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Alford AI, Hankenson KD. Thrombospondins modulate cell function and tissue structure in the skeleton. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:58-65. [PMID: 37423854 PMCID: PMC11115190 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) belong to a functional class of ECM proteins called matricellular proteins that are not primarily structural, but instead influence cellular interactions within the local extracellular environment. The 3D arrangement of TSPs allow interactions with other ECM proteins, sequestered growth factors, and cell surface receptors. They are expressed in mesenchymal condensations and limb buds during skeletal development, but they are not required for patterning. Instead, when absent, there are alterations in musculoskeletal connective tissue ECM structure, organization, and function, as well as altered skeletal cell phenotypes. Both functional redundancies and unique contributions to musculoskeletal tissue structure and physiology are revealed in mouse models with compound TSP deletions. Crucial roles of individual TSPs are revealed during musculoskeletal injury and regeneration. The interaction of TSPs with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), and their influence on cell fate, function, and ultimately, musculoskeletal phenotype, suggest that TSPs play integral, but as yet poorly understood roles in musculoskeletal health. Here, unique and overlapping contributions of trimeric TSP1/2 and pentameric TSP3/4/5 to musculoskeletal cell and matrix physiology are reviewed. Opportunities for new research are also noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Alford
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
| | - Kurt D Hankenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Sciences Research Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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3
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Zhou L, Chen J, Liu Q, Yang S, Xie W, Peng Y. Case Report: Whole-exome sequencing identified two novel COMP variants causing pseudoachondroplasia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1267946. [PMID: 38075060 PMCID: PMC10702128 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1267946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a rare, dominant genetic disorder affecting bone and cartilage development, characterized by short-limb short stature, brachydactyly, loose joints, joint stiffness, and pain. The disorder is caused by mutations in the COMP gene, which encodes a protein that plays a role in the formation of collagen fibers. In this study, we present the clinical and genetic characteristics of PSACH in two Chinese families. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis revealed two novel missense variants in the COMP gene: NM_000095.3: c.1319G>T (p.G440V, maternal) and NM_000095.3: c.1304A>T (p.D435V, paternal-mosaic). Strikingly, both the G440V and D435V mutations were located in the same T3 repeat motif and exhibited the potential to form hydrogen bonds with each other. Upon further analysis using Missense3D and PyMOL, we ascertained that these mutations showed the propensity to disrupt the protein structure of COMP, thus hampering its functioning. Our findings expand the existing knowledge of the genetic etiology underlying PSACH. The identification of new variants in the COMP gene can broaden the range of mutations linked with the condition. This information can contribute to the diagnosis and genetic counseling of patients with PSACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Medical Department, Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanqin Xie
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Why do humans need thrombospondin-1? J Cell Commun Signal 2023; 17:485-493. [PMID: 36689135 PMCID: PMC10409698 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins comprise several families of secreted proteins that function in higher animals at the interface between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix. Targeted gene disruptions that result in loss of viability in mice have revealed critical roles for several matricellular proteins in murine embryonic development, including two members of the cellular communication network (CCN) gene family. In contrast, mice lacking single or multiple members of the thrombospondin (THBS) gene family remain viable and fertile. The frequency of loss of function mutants, identified using human deep exome sequencing data, provided evidence that some of the essential genes in mice, including Ccn1, are also essential genes in humans. However, a deficit in loss of function mutants in humans indicated that THBS1 is also highly loss-intolerant. In addition to roles in embryonic development or adult reproduction, genes may be loss-intolerant in humans because their function is needed to survive environmental stresses that are encountered between birth and reproduction. Laboratory mice live in a protected environment that lacks the exposures to pathogens and injury that humans routinely face. However, subjecting Thbs1-/- mice to defined stresses has provided valuable insights into functions of thrombospondin-1 that could account for the loss-intolerance of THBS1 in humans. Stress response models using transgenic mice have identified protective functions of thrombospondin-1 in the cardiovascular system (red) and immune defenses (blue) that could account for its intolerance to loss of function mutants in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
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5
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Hecht JT, Chiu F, Veerisetty A, Hossain M, Posey KL. Matrix in Medicine: Health Consequences of Mutant Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein and its relationship to abnormal growth and to joint degeneration. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:101-111. [PMID: 37001593 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), an extracellular matrix protein, has been shown to enhance proliferation and mechanical integrity in the matrix, supporting functions of the growth plate and articular cartilage. Mutations in COMP cause pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition associated with premature joint degeneration and significant lifelong joint pain. The MT (mutant)-COMP mouse mimics PSACH with decreased limb growth, early joint degeneration and pain. Ablation of endoplasmic reticulum stress CHOP signaling eliminated pain and prevented joint degeneration. The health effects of mutant COMP are discussed in relation to cellular/chondrocyte stress in the growth plate, articular cartilage and nearby tissues, and the implications for therapeutic approaches. There are many similarities between osteoarthritis and mutant-COMP protein-induced joint degeneration, suggesting that the relevance of findings in the joints may extend beyond PSACH to idiopathic primary OA.
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Rapp AE, Zaucke F. Cartilage extracellular matrix-derived matrikines in osteoarthritis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C377-C394. [PMID: 36571440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00464.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is among the most frequent diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is a hallmark of OA. During the degradation process, intact/full-length proteins and proteolytic fragments are released which then might induce different downstream responses via diverse receptors, therefore leading to different biological consequences. Collagen type II and the proteoglycan aggrecan are the most abundant components of the cartilage ECM. However, over the last decades, a large number of minor components have been identified and for some of those, a role in the manifold processes associated with OA has already been demonstrated. To date, there is still no therapy able to halt or cure OA. A better understanding of the matrikine landscape occurring with or even preceding obvious degenerative changes in joint tissues is needed and might help to identify molecules that could serve as biomarkers, druggable targets, or even be blueprints for disease modifying drug OA drugs. For this narrative review, we screened PubMed for relevant literature in the English language and summarized the current knowledge regarding the function of selected ECM molecules and the derived matrikines in the context of cartilage and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Rapp
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Eisner LE, Rosario R, Andarawis-Puri N, Arruda EM. The Role of the Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix in Tendon and Ligament Mechanical Behavior: A Review. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1128818. [PMID: 34802057 PMCID: PMC8719050 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a connective tissue that transmits loads from muscle to bone, while ligament is a similar tissue that stabilizes joint articulation by connecting bone to bone. The 70-90% of tendon and ligament's extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a hierarchical collagen structure that provides resistance to deformation primarily in the fiber direction, and the remaining fraction consists of a variety of non-collagenous proteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) whose mechanical roles are not well characterized. ECM constituents such as elastin, the proteoglycans decorin, biglycan, lumican, fibromodulin, lubricin, and aggrecan and their associated GAGs, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) have been suggested to contribute to tendon and ligament's characteristic quasi-static and viscoelastic mechanical behavior in tension, shear, and compression. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing literature regarding the contribution of the non-collagenous ECM to tendon and ligament mechanics, and to highlight key gaps in knowledge that future studies may address. Using insights from theoretical mechanics and biology, we discuss the role of the non-collagenous ECM in quasi-static and viscoelastic tensile, compressive, and shear behavior in the fiber direction and orthogonal to the fiber direction. We also address the efficacy of tools that are commonly used to assess these relationships, including enzymatic degradation, mouse knockout models, and computational models. Further work in this field will foster a better understanding of tendon and ligament damage and healing as well as inform strategies for tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lainie E Eisner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ryan Rosario
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nelly Andarawis-Puri
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Ellen M Arruda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Professor Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Ribbans WJ, September AV, Collins M. Tendon and Ligament Genetics: How Do They Contribute to Disease and Injury? A Narrative Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050663. [PMID: 35629331 PMCID: PMC9147569 DOI: 10.3390/life12050663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of patients requiring musculoskeletal management present with tendon and ligament pathology. Our understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that lead to such disabilities is increasing. However, the complexity underpinning these interactive multifactorial elements is still not fully characterised. Evidence highlighting the genetic components, either reducing or increasing susceptibility to injury, is increasing. This review examines the present understanding of the role genetic variations contribute to tendon and ligament injury risk. It examines the different elements of tendon and ligament structure and considers our knowledge of genetic influence on form, function, ability to withstand load, and undertake repair or regeneration. The role of epigenetic factors in modifying gene expression in these structures is also explored. It considers the challenges to interpreting present knowledge, the requirements, and likely pathways for future research, and whether such information has reached the point of clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Ribbans
- School of Health, The University of Northampton, Northampton NN1 5PH, UK
- The County Clinic, Northampton NN1 5DB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1604-795414
| | - Alison V. September
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (A.V.S.); (M.C.)
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
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Liang H, Hou Y, Pang Q, Jiang Y, Wang O, Li M, Xing X, Zhu H, Xia W. Clinical, Biochemical, Radiological, Genetic and Therapeutic Analysis of Patients with COMP Gene Variants. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 110:313-323. [PMID: 34709441 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 1 (MED1) are two rare skeletal disorders caused by cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) variants. This study aims to analyze the genotype and phenotype of patients with COMP variants. Clinical information for 14 probands was collected; DNA was extracted from blood for COMP variant detection. Clinical manifestations and radiology scoring systems were established to evaluate the severity of each patient's condition. Serum COMP levels in PSACH patients and healthy subjects were measured. Thirty-nine patients were included, along with 12 PSACH probands and two MED1 probands. Disproportionate short stature, waddling gait, early-onset osteoarthritis and skeletal deformities were the most common features. The height Z-score of PSACH patients correlated negatively with age at evaluation (r = - 0.603, p = 0.01) and the clinical manifestation score (r = - 0.556, p = 0.039). Over 50% of the PSACH patients were overweight/obese. The median serum COMP level in PSACH patients was 16.75 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (98.53 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The condition of MED1 patients was better than that of PSACH patients. Four novel variants of COMP were detected: c.874T>C, c.1123_1134del, c.1531G>A, and c.1576G>T. Height Z-scores and serum COMP levels were significantly lower in patients carrying mutations located in calmodulin-like domains 6, 7, and 8. As the two phenotypes overlap to different degrees, PSACH and MED1 are suggested to combine to produce "spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, COMP type". Clinical manifestations and radiology scoring systems, serum COMP levels and genotype are important for evaluating patient condition severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanfang Hou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Wang H, Yuan Z, Wang B, Li B, Lv H, He J, Huang Y, Cui Z, Ma Q, Li T, Fu Y, Tan X, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang C, Kong W, Zhu Y. COMP (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein), a Novel PIEZO1 Regulator That Controls Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2022; 79:549-561. [PMID: 34983194 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial cells are critical for maintaining blood pressure (BP) by releasing biologically active molecules, such as nitric oxide. A non-endothelial cell resident matricellular protein, COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein), plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, but little is known about its regulatory effect on BP. METHODS Mice were infused with AngII (angiotensin II; 450 ng/kg per minute) for 3 days via an osmotic minipump, and BP was monitored by a tail-cuff system. Second-order mesenteric arteries were isolated from mice for microvascular tension measurement. Nitric oxide was detected by an electron paramagnetic resonance technique. Small-interfering RNA transfection, co-immunoprecipitation, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays, and patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments were used for further detailed mechanism investigation. RESULTS COMP-/- mice displayed elevated BP and impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation compared with wild-type mice with or without AngII. Inhibition of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) abolished the difference in endothelium-dependent relaxation between wild-type and COMP-/- mice. Furthermore, COMP directly interacted with the C-terminus of Piezo1 via its C-terminus and activated the endogenous Piezo1 currents, which induced intracellular Ca2+ influx, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II and eNOS activation, and nitric oxide production. The Piezo1 activator, Yoda1, reduced the difference in endothelium-dependent relaxation and BP in wild-type and COMP-/- mice. Moreover, COMP overexpression increased eNOS activation and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and BP. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that COMP is a novel Piezo1 regulator that plays a protective role in BP regulation by increasing cellular Ca2+ influx, eNOS activity, and nitric oxide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Ze Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Bianbian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (B.W.)
| | - Bochuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Huizhen Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Jinlong He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.H., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Zhen Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Qiannan Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
| | - Ting Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (T.L., S.W.)
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.H., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.T., Y.L.)
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.T., Y.L.)
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (T.L., S.W.)
| | | | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China (Y.H., Y.F., W.K.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases; Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, China (H.W., Z.Y., B.L., H.L., J.H., Z.C., Q.M., Y.Z.)
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Forte-Gomez HF, Gioia R, Tonelli F, Kobbe B, Koch P, Bloch W, Paulsson M, Zaucke F, Forlino A, Wagener R. Structure, evolution and expression of zebrafish cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP, TSP5). CRISPR-Cas mutants show a dominant phenotype in myosepta. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000662. [PMID: 36452329 PMCID: PMC9702538 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
COMP (Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein), also named thrombospondin-5, is a member of the thrombospondin family of extracellular matrix proteins. It is of clinical relevance, as in humans mutations in COMP lead to chondrodysplasias. The gene encoding zebrafish Comp is located on chromosome 11 in synteny with its mammalian orthologs. Zebrafish Comp has a domain structure identical to that of tetrapod COMP and shares 74% sequence similarity with murine COMP. Zebrafish comp is expressed from 5 hours post fertilization (hpf) on, while the protein is first detectable in somites of 11 hpf embryos. During development and in adults comp is strongly expressed in myosepta, craniofacial tendon and ligaments, around ribs and vertebra, but not in its name-giving tissue cartilage. As in mammals, zebrafish Comp forms pentamers. It is easily extracted from 5 days post fertilization (dpf) whole zebrafish. The lack of Comp expression in zebrafish cartilage implies that its cartilage function evolved recently in tetrapods. The expression in tendon and myosepta may indicate a more fundamental function, as in evolutionary distant Drosophila muscle-specific adhesion to tendon cells requires thrombospondin. A sequence encoding a calcium binding motif within the first TSP type-3 repeat of zebrafish Comp was targeted by CRISPR-Cas. The heterozygous and homozygous mutant Comp zebrafish displayed a patchy irregular Comp staining in 3 dpf myosepta, indicating a dominant phenotype. Electron microscopy revealed that the endoplasmic reticulum of myosepta fibroblasts is not affected in homozygous fish. The disorganized extracellular matrix may indicate that this mutation rather interferes with extracellular matrix assembly, similar to what is seen in a subgroup of chondrodysplasia patients. The early expression and easy detection of mutant Comp in zebrafish points to the potential of using the zebrafish model for large scale screening of small molecules that can improve secretion or function of disease-associated COMP mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Gioia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Birgit Kobbe
- Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Department of Orthopedics (Friedrichsheim), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Antonella Forlino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Raimund Wagener,
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12
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Tendon Tissue Repair in Prospective of Drug Delivery, Regenerative Medicines, and Innovative Bioscaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:1488829. [PMID: 34824586 PMCID: PMC8610661 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1488829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural healing capacity of the tendon tissue is limited due to the hypovascular and cellular nature of this tissue. So far, several conventional approaches have been tested for tendon repair to accelerate the healing process, but all these approaches have their own advantages and limitations. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields that aspire to develop novel medical devices, innovative bioscaffold, and nanomedicine, by combining different cell sources, biodegradable materials, immune modulators, and nanoparticles for tendon tissue repair. Different studies supported the idea that bioscaffolds can provide an alternative for tendon augmentation with an enormous therapeutic potentiality. However, available data are lacking to allow definitive conclusion on the use of bioscaffolds for tendon regeneration and repairing. In this review, we provide an overview of the current basic understanding and material science in the field of bioscaffolds, nanomedicine, and tissue engineering for tendon repair.
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13
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Zhang S, Ju W, Chen X, Zhao Y, Feng L, Yin Z, Chen X. Hierarchical ultrastructure: An overview of what is known about tendons and future perspective for tendon engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 8:124-139. [PMID: 34541391 PMCID: PMC8424392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal tendons are rarely ever repaired to the natural structure and morphology of normal tendons. To better guide the repair and regeneration of injured tendons through a tissue engineering method, it is necessary to have insights into the internal morphology, organization, and composition of natural tendons. This review summarized recent researches on the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components of tendons and highlight the application of multiple detection methodologies concerning the structure of ECMs. In addition, we look forward to the future of multi-dimensional biomaterial design methods and the potential of structural repair for tendon ECM components. In addition, focus is placed on the macro to micro detection methods for tendons, and current techniques for evaluating the extracellular matrix of tendons at the micro level are introduced in detail. Finally, emphasis is given to future extracellular matrix detection methods, as well as to how future efforts could concentrate on fabricating the biomimetic tendons. Summarize recent research on the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) components of tendons. Comments on current research methods concerning the structure of ECMs. Perspective on the future of multi-dimensional detection techniques and structural repair of tendon ECM components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Zhang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Ju
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingchong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310052, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, China
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14
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Andrés Sastre E, Maly K, Zhu M, Witte-Bouma J, Trompet D, Böhm AM, Brachvogel B, van Nieuwenhoven CA, Maes C, van Osch GJVM, Zaucke F, Farrell E. Spatiotemporal distribution of thrombospondin-4 and -5 in cartilage during endochondral bone formation and repair. Bone 2021; 150:115999. [PMID: 33971315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During skeletal development most bones are first formed as cartilage templates, which are gradually replaced by bone. If later in life those bones break, temporary cartilage structures emerge to bridge the fractured ends, guiding the regenerative process. This bone formation process, known as endochondral ossification (EO), has been widely studied for its potential to reveal factors that might be used to treat patients with large bone defects. The extracellular matrix of cartilage consists of different types of collagens, proteoglycans and a variety of non-collagenous proteins that organise the collagen fibers in complex networks. Thrombospondin-5, also known as cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (TSP-5/COMP) is abundant in cartilage, where it has been described to enhance collagen fibrillogenesis and to interact with a variety of growth factors, matrix proteins and cellular receptors. However, very little is known about the skeletal distribution of its homologue thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4). In our study, we compared the spatiotemporal expression of TSP-5 and TSP-4 during postnatal bone formation and fracture healing. Our results indicate that in both these settings, TSP-5 distributes across all layers of the transient cartilage, while the localisation of TSP-4 is restricted to the population of hypertrophic chondrocytes. Furthermore, in fractured bones we observed TSP-4 sparsely distributed in the periosteum, while TSP-5 was absent. Last, we analysed the chemoattractant effects of the two proteins on endothelial cells and bone marrow stem cells and hypothesised that, of the two thrombospondins, only TSP-4 might promote blood vessel invasion during ossification. We conclude that TSP-4 is a novel factor involved in bone formation. These findings reveal TSP-4 as an attractive candidate to be evaluated for bone tissue engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Andrés Sastre
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Maly
- Dr. Rolf Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Zhu
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - J Witte-Bouma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Trompet
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - A M Böhm
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Brachvogel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - C A van Nieuwenhoven
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Maes
- Laboratory of Skeletal Cell Biology and Physiology (SCEBP), Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center (SBE), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - G J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F Zaucke
- Dr. Rolf Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopaedic University Hospital Friedrichsheim, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is an endogenous β-arrestin-2-selective allosteric modulator of AT1 receptor counteracting vascular injury. Cell Res 2021; 31:773-790. [PMID: 33510386 PMCID: PMC8249609 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence has revealed that biased activation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, including angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (AT1) signaling, plays pivotal roles in vascular homeostasis and injury, but whether a clinically relevant endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 signaling exists under physiological and pathophysiological conditions has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we show that an extracellular matrix protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), acts as an endogenous allosteric biased modulator of the AT1 receptor and its deficiency is clinically associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. COMP directly interacts with the extracellular N-terminus of the AT1 via its EGF domain and inhibits AT1-β-arrestin-2 signaling, but not Gq or Gi signaling, in a selective manner through allosteric regulation of AT1 intracellular conformational states. COMP deficiency results in activation of AT1a-β-arrestin-2 signaling and subsequent exclusive AAA formation in response to AngII infusion. AAAs in COMP-/- or ApoE-/- mice are rescued by AT1a or β-arrestin-2 deficiency, or the application of a peptidomimetic mimicking the AT1-binding motif of COMP. Explorations of the endogenous biased antagonism of AT1 receptor or other GPCRs may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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16
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A Novel COMP Mutated Allele Identified in a Chinese Family with Pseudoachondroplasia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6678531. [PMID: 33748277 PMCID: PMC7960025 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia with an estimated incidence of ~1/60000 that is characterized by disproportionate short stature, brachydactyly, joint laxity, and early-onset osteoarthritis. COMP encodes the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, which is expressed predominantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the cells that make up cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Mutations in COMP are known to give rise to PSACH. In this study, we identified a novel nucleotide mutation (NM_000095.2: c.1317C>G, p.D439E) in COMP responsible for PSACH in a Chinese family by employing whole-exome sequencing (WES) and built the structure model of the mutant protein to clarify its pathogenicity. The novel mutation cosegregated with the affected individuals. Our study expands the spectrum of COMP mutations and further provides additional genetic testing information for other PSACH patients.
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17
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Kaur S, Roberts DD. Differential intolerance to loss of function and missense mutations in genes that encode human matricellular proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:93-105. [PMID: 33415696 PMCID: PMC7904989 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted gene disruption in mice has provided valuable insights into the functions of matricellular proteins. Apart from missense and loss of function mutations that have been associated with inherited diseases, however, their functions in humans remain unclear. The availability of deep exome sequencing data from over 140,000 individuals in the Genome Aggregation Database provided an opportunity to examine intolerance to loss of function and missense mutations in human matricellular genes. The probability of loss-of-function intolerance (pLI) differed widely within members of the thrombospondin, CYR61/CTGF/NOV (CCN), tenascin, small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING), and secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene families. Notably, pLI values in humans had limited correlation with viability of the corresponding homozygous null mice. Among the thrombospondins, only THBS1 was highly loss-intolerant (pLI = 1). In contrast, Thbs1 is not essential for viability in mice. Several known thrombospondin-1 receptors were similarly loss-intolerant, although thrombospondin-1 is not the exclusive ligand for some of these receptors. The frequencies of missense mutations in THBS1 and the gene encoding its signaling receptor CD47 indicated conservation of some residues implicated in specific receptor binding. Deficits in missense mutations were also observed for other thrombospondin genes and for SPARC, SPOCK1, SPOCK2, TNR, and DSPP. The intolerance of THBS1 to loss of function in humans and elevated pLI values for THBS2, SPARC, SPOCK1, TNR, and CCN1 support important functions for these matricellular protein genes in humans, some of which may relate to functions in reproduction or responding to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhbir Kaur
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Drive MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
| | - David D Roberts
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Building 10 Room 2S235, 10 Center Drive MSC1500, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1500, USA.
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18
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Chen H, Wang J, Xie L, Shen YL, Wang HM, Zheng KL, Zhang Q. Correlation between serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and major adverse cardiovascular events within 30 days in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:353. [PMID: 33708980 PMCID: PMC7944313 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background We studied the correlation between cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) within 30 days. Methods This study included 170 ACS patients who were hospitalized in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from August 2017 to April 2019. Serum COMP level was measured at baseline. The enrolled patients were followed up for 30 days and grouped according to the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during follow-up. Among the 170 patients, 23 patients had MACE during hospitalization (MACE group), and 147 patients had no MACE (no MACE group). Results The serum COMP levels in the MACE group were significantly higher than those of the non-MACE group [84.85 (51.55, 141.75) vs. 20.65 (9.11, 46.31) ng/mL, respectively, P<0.05]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for COMP in predicting the occurrence of MACE within 30 days was 0.839, with a cutoff level of 39.9 ng/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.774–0.890], 86.96% sensitivity, and 72.79% specificity (P<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum COMP could be used as an independent predictor of MACE within 30 days in ACS patients [odds ratio (OR): 1.024, 95% CI: 1.0133–1.0349, P=0.0001]. Conclusions Serum COMP is associated with the short-term prognosis of ACS patients. High serum COMP levels can be used as a predictor of MACE within 30 days in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kou-Long Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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19
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein fine-tunes disturbed flow-induced endothelial activation and atherogenesis. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:32-51. [PMID: 33068727 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disturbed flow leads to increased inflammatory responses of endothelial cells (ECs) prone to atherogenic state. Currently, little is known about the physiological mechanisms protecting vasculature against disturbed flow-activated ECs leading to atherosclerosis. Understanding the protective mediators involved in EC activation could provide novel therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis. The extracellular matrix microenvironment profoundly regulates cellular homeostasis. A non-EC resident ECM protein, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), has diverse protective roles in the cardiovascular system. To determine whether COMP could protect against disturbed flow-activated EC and atherosclerosis, we compared oscillatory shear stress (OSS) induced EC activation coated with various ECM proteins. Purified COMP inhibited EC activation caused by OSS. EC activation was upregulated in the aortic arch where the flow is disturbed in COMP-/- mice as compared with wild-type mice under physiological conditions or pathologically in partially ligated mouse carotid arteries. Mechanistically, co-immunoprecipitation, mammalian two-hybrid and FRET assay results suggest that COMP bound directly to integrin α5 via its C-terminus. We next synthesized a COMP-derived peptidomimetics (CCPep24) mimicking a specific COMP-integrin α5 interaction and found that CCPep24 protected against EC activation and atherogenesis in vivo. This study extends our current understanding of how ECM and flow coordinately fine-tune EC homeostasis and reveals the potential therapeutic effect of COMP or COMP-derived peptidomimetics on blocking aberrant integrin α5 activation, inflammatory EC activation and atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
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20
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Carminati L, Taraboletti G. Thrombospondins in bone remodeling and metastatic bone disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C980-C990. [PMID: 32936697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00383.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are a family of five multimeric matricellular proteins. Through a wide range of interactions, TSPs play pleiotropic roles in embryogenesis and in tissue remodeling in adult physiology as well as in pathological conditions, including cancer development and metastasis. TSPs are active in bone remodeling, the process of bone resorption (osteolysis) and deposition (osteogenesis) that maintains bone homeostasis. TSPs are particularly involved in aberrant bone remodeling, including osteolytic and osteoblastic skeletal cancer metastasis, frequent in advanced cancers such as breast and prostate carcinoma. TSPs are major players in the bone metastasis microenvironment, where they finely tune the cross talk between tumor cells and bone resident cells in the metastatic niche. Each TSP family member has different effects on the differentiation and activity of bone cells-including the bone-degrading osteoclasts and the bone-forming osteoblasts-with different outcomes on the development and growth of osteolytic and osteoblastic metastases. Here, we overview the involvement of TSP family members in the bone tissue microenvironment, focusing on their activity on osteoclasts and osteoblasts in bone remodeling, and present the evidence to date of their roles in bone metastasis establishment and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carminati
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
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21
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Citeroni MR, Ciardulli MC, Russo V, Della Porta G, Mauro A, El Khatib M, Di Mattia M, Galesso D, Barbera C, Forsyth NR, Maffulli N, Barboni B. In Vitro Innovation of Tendon Tissue Engineering Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6726. [PMID: 32937830 PMCID: PMC7555358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendinopathy is the term used to refer to tendon disorders. Spontaneous adult tendon healing results in scar tissue formation and fibrosis with suboptimal biomechanical properties, often resulting in poor and painful mobility. The biomechanical properties of the tissue are negatively affected. Adult tendons have a limited natural healing capacity, and often respond poorly to current treatments that frequently are focused on exercise, drug delivery, and surgical procedures. Therefore, it is of great importance to identify key molecular and cellular processes involved in the progression of tendinopathies to develop effective therapeutic strategies and drive the tissue toward regeneration. To treat tendon diseases and support tendon regeneration, cell-based therapy as well as tissue engineering approaches are considered options, though none can yet be considered conclusive in their reproduction of a safe and successful long-term solution for full microarchitecture and biomechanical tissue recovery. In vitro differentiation techniques are not yet fully validated. This review aims to compare different available tendon in vitro differentiation strategies to clarify the state of art regarding the differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Citeroni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Maria Camilla Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Valentina Russo
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Annunziata Mauro
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Miriam Di Mattia
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Devis Galesso
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Carlo Barbera
- Fidia Farmaceutici S.p.A., via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35031 Abano Terme (PD), Italy; (D.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (G.D.P.); (N.M.)
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke on Trent ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Unit of Basic and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (V.R.); (A.M.); (M.E.K.); (M.D.M.); (B.B.)
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22
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Li C, Wang N, Schäffer AA, Liu X, Zhao Z, Elliott G, Garrett L, Choi NT, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Wang J, Chan D, Su P, Cui S, Yang Y, Gao B. Mutations in COMP cause familial carpal tunnel syndrome. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3642. [PMID: 32686688 PMCID: PMC7371736 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral nerve entrapment syndrome, affecting a large proportion of the general population. Genetic susceptibility has been implicated in CTS, but the causative genes remain elusive. Here, we report the identification of two mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) that segregate with CTS in two large families with or without multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED). Both mutations impair the secretion of COMP by tenocytes, but the mutation associated with MED also perturbs its secretion in chondrocytes. Further functional characterization of the CTS-specific mutation reveals similar histological and molecular changes of tendons/ligaments in patients’ biopsies and the mouse models. The mutant COMP fails to oligomerize properly and is trapped in the ER, resulting in ER stress-induced unfolded protein response and cell death, leading to inflammation, progressive fibrosis and cell composition change in tendons/ligaments. The extracellular matrix (ECM) organization is also altered. Our studies uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism in CTS pathogenesis. Familial carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is common, but causal genes are not characterized. Here the authors report two CTS-related mutations in two large families that impair secretion of COMP in tenocytes, leading to ER stress-induced unfolded protein response, inflammation and fibrosis in patients and mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alejandro A Schäffer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gene Elliott
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Lisa Garrett
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US
| | - Nga Ting Choi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueshu Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yufa Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Cui
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yingzi Yang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US. .,Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Bo Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, US.
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23
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Kiyozumi D, Noda T, Yamaguchi R, Tobita T, Matsumura T, Shimada K, Kodani M, Kohda T, Fujihara Y, Ozawa M, Yu Z, Miklossy G, Bohren KM, Horie M, Okabe M, Matzuk MM, Ikawa M. NELL2-mediated lumicrine signaling through OVCH2 is required for male fertility. Science 2020; 368:1132-1135. [PMID: 32499443 PMCID: PMC7396227 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay5134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lumicrine system is a postulated signaling system in which testis-derived (upstream) secreted factors enter the male reproductive tract to regulate epididymal (downstream) pathways required for sperm maturation. Until now, no lumicrine factors have been identified. We demonstrate that a testicular germ-cell-secreted epidermal growth factor-like protein, neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2 (NELL2), specifically binds to an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase, c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), and mediates the differentiation of the initial segment (IS) of the caput epididymis. Male mice in which Nell2 had been knocked out were infertile. The IS-specific secreted proteases, ovochymase 2 (OVCH2) and A disintegrin and metallopeptidase 28 (ADAM28), were expressed upon IS maturation, and OVCH2 was required for processing of the sperm surface protein ADAM3, which is required for sperm fertilizing ability. This work identifies a lumicrine system essential for testis-epididymis-spermatozoa (NELL2-ROS1-OVCH2-ADAM3) signaling and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Taichi Noda
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tobita
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Shimada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Mayo Kodani
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi 4008510, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Fujihara
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Manabu Ozawa
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kurt M Bohren
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masato Horie
- Department of CNS Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Martin M Matzuk
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 1088639, Japan
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Papadakos KS, Bartoschek M, Rodriguez C, Gialeli C, Jin SB, Lendahl U, Pietras K, Blom AM. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein initiates cancer stem cells through activation of Jagged1-Notch3 signaling. Matrix Biol 2019; 81:107-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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Hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein mediates cartilage degeneration during the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:313. [PMID: 30659184 PMCID: PMC6338798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has been recognized as the most common chronic age-related disease. Cartilage degeneration influences OA therapy. Here we report that hematopoietic pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor-interacting protein (HPIP) is essential for OA development. Elevated HPIP levels are found in OA patients. Col2a1-CreERT2/HPIPf/f mice exhibit obvious skeletal abnormalities compared with their HPIPf/f littermates. HPIP deficiency in mice protects against developing OA. Moreover, intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus carrying HPIP-specific short hairpin RNA in vivo attenuates OA histological signs. Notably, in vitro RNA-sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing profiles identify that HPIP modulates OA cartilage degeneration through transcriptional activation of Wnt target genes. Mechanistically, HPIP promotes the transcription of Wnt targets by interacting with lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1). Furthermore, HPIP potentiates the transcriptional activity of LEF1 and acetylates histone H3 lysine 56 in the promoters of Wnt targets, suggesting that HPIP is an attractive target in OA regulatory network.
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26
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Yip RK, Chan D, Cheah KS. Mechanistic insights into skeletal development gained from genetic disorders. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 133:343-385. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Posey KL, Coustry F, Hecht JT. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: COMPopathies and beyond. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:161-173. [PMID: 29530484 PMCID: PMC6129439 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a large pentameric glycoprotein that interacts with multiple extracellular matrix proteins in cartilage and other tissues. While, COMP is known to play a role in collagen secretion and fibrillogenesis, chondrocyte proliferation and mechanical strength of tendons, the complete range of COMP functions remains to be defined. COMPopathies describe pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), two skeletal dysplasias caused by autosomal dominant COMP mutations. The majority of the mutations are in the calcium binding domains and compromise protein folding. COMPopathies are ER storage disorders in which the retention of COMP in the chondrocyte ER stimulates overwhelming cellular stress. The retention causes oxidative and inflammation processes leading to chondrocyte death and loss of long bone growth. In contrast, dysregulation of wild-type COMP expression is found in numerous diseases including: fibrosis, cardiomyopathy and breast and prostate cancers. The most exciting clinical application is the use of COMP as a biomarker for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cartilage degeneration associated osteoarthritis and rheumatoid and, as a prognostic marker for joint injury. The ever expanding roles of COMP in single gene disorders and multifactorial diseases will lead to a better understanding of its functions in ECM and tissue homeostasis towards the goal of developing new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Posey
- McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Department of Pediatrics, United States.
| | - Francoise Coustry
- McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Department of Pediatrics, United States; UTHealth, School of Dentistry, United States
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28
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Nfonsam VN, Nfonsam LE, Chen D, Omesiete PN, Cruz A, Runyan RB, Jandova J. COMP Gene Coexpresses With EMT Genes and Is Associated With Poor Survival in Colon Cancer Patients. J Surg Res 2018; 233:297-303. [PMID: 30502262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 1.2 million new cases of colon cancer (CC) and 0.6 million deaths are reported every year, establishing CC as an important contributor to worldwide cancer morbidity and mortality. Although the overall incidence and mortality of CC have declined over the past 3 decades, the number of early-onset colon cancer ([EOCC], patients <50 y old) continues to rise alarmingly. These young patients are often diagnosed at a more advanced stage and tend to have poor survival. Our recently published data showed that the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is overexpressed in early-onset colon cancer patients. COMP is also reported in several cancers to coexpress with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factors. Given the role of EMT in cancer metastasis and cell invasion, we assessed the correlation between COMP gene expression and EMT gene expression in CC, and COMP's relationship to patient survival. METHODS mRNA expression of COMP was compared to that of EMT markers using the UCSC Cancer Genomics Browser. Survival analysis was performed using the UCSC Xena Browser for cancer genomics. RESULTS Expression analysis revealed coexpression of COMP with the EMT markers CDH2, FN1, VIM, TWIST1, TWIST2, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, POSTN, MMP2, MMP9, and COL1A1. Samples that were more mesenchymal had higher expression levels of COMP and EMT markers, thus suggesting a potential role of COMP in EMT. Patients with increased COMP expression presented with poorer overall survival compared to patients with no change or reduced COMP expression (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal COMP as a potential biomarker for CC especially in more aggressive CC and CC in young patients, with a likely role in EMT during tumor metastasis and invasion, and a contributing factor to patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debbie Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Alejandro Cruz
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Raymond B Runyan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UA, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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29
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Delgado Caceres M, Pfeifer CG, Docheva D. Understanding Tendons: Lessons from Transgenic Mouse Models. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:1161-1174. [PMID: 29978741 PMCID: PMC6121181 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons and ligaments are connective tissues that have been comparatively less studied than muscle and cartilage/bone, even though they are crucial for proper function of the musculoskeletal system. In tendon biology, considerable progress has been made in identifying tendon-specific genes (Scleraxis, Mohawk, and Tenomodulin) in the past decade. However, besides tendon function and the knowledge of a small number of important players in tendon biology, neither the ontogeny of the tenogenic lineage nor signaling cascades have been fully understood. This results in major drawbacks in treatment and repair options following tendon degeneration. In this review, we have systematically evaluated publications describing tendon-related genes, which were studied in depth and characterized by using knockout technologies and the subsequently generated transgenic mouse models (Tg) (knockout mice, KO). We report in a tabular manner, that from a total of 24 tendon-related genes, in 22 of the respective knockout mouse models, phenotypic changes were detected. Additionally, in some of the models it was described at which developmental stages these changes appeared and progressed. To summarize, only loss of Scleraxis and TGFβ signaling led to severe tendon developmental phenotypes, while mice deficient for various proteoglycans, Mohawk, EGR1 and 2, and Tenomodulin presented mild phenotypes. These data suggest that the tendon developmental system is well organized, orchestrated, and backed up; this is even more evident among the members of the proteoglycan family, where the compensatory effects are much clearer. In future, it will be of great importance to discover additional master tendon transcription factors and the genes that play crucial roles in tendon development. This would improve our understanding of the genetic makeup of tendons, and will increase the chances of generating tendon-specific drugs to advance overall treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Delgado Caceres
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Pfeifer
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denitsa Docheva
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, University Regensburg Medical Centre, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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30
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a novel notch ligand driving embryonic stem cell differentiation towards the smooth muscle lineage. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 121:69-80. [PMID: 29981303 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a protective component of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), maintains the homeostasis of mature vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, whether COMP modulates the differentiation of stem cells towards the smooth muscle lineage is still elusive. Firstly, purified mouse COMP directly induced mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo, while the silencing of endogenous COMP markedly inhibited ESC-VSMC differentiation. RNA-Sequencing revealed that Notch signaling was significantly activated by COMP during ESC-VSMC differentiation, whereas the inhibition of Notch signaling attenuated COMP-directed ESC-VSMC differentiation. Furthermore, COMP deficiency inhibited Notch activation and VSMC differentiation in mice. Through silencing distinct Notch receptors, we identified that Notch1 mainly mediated COMP-initiated ESC-VSMC differentiation. Mechanistically, COMP N-terminus directly interacted with the EGF11-12 domain of Notch1 and activated Notch1 signaling, as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation and mammalian two-hybrid assay. In conclusion, COMP served as a potential ligand of Notch1, thereby driving ESC-VSMC differentiation.
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31
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COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and controls smooth muscle cell identity. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:676. [PMID: 29867124 PMCID: PMC5986769 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are highly phenotypically plastic, and loss of the contractile phenotype in VSMCs has been recognized at the early onset of the pathology of a variety of vascular diseases. However, the endogenous regulatory mechanism to maintain contractile phenotype in VSMCs remains elusive. Moreover, little has been known about the role of the mitochondrial bioenergetics in terms of VSMC homeostasis. Herein, we asked if glycoprotein COMP (Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) is involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics and therefore regulates VSMCs homeostasis. By using fluorescence assay, subcellular western blot and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we found that extracellular matrix protein COMP unexpectedly localized within mitochondria. Further mitochondrial transplantation revealed that both mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial COMP maintained VSMC identity. Moreover, microarray analysis revealed that COMP deficiency impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in VSMCs. Further study confirmed that COMP deficiency caused mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction accompanied by morphological abnormality. Moreover, the interactome of mitochondrial COMP revealed that COMP interacted with prohibitin 2, and COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction maintained mitochondrial homeostasis. Additionally, disruption of COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction caused VSMC dedifferentiation in vitro and enhanced the neointima formation post rat carotid artery injury in vivo. In conclusion, COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction in mitochondria plays an important role in maintaining the contractile phenotype of VSMCs by regulating mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Maintaining the homeostasis of mitochondrial respiration through COMP-prohibitin 2 interaction may shed light on prevention of vascular disease.
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32
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A novel mutation in exon 11 of COMP gene in a Chinese family with pseudoachondroplasia. Genes Dis 2018; 6:47-55. [PMID: 30906833 PMCID: PMC6411627 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is a relatively common skeletal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, joint laxity, early-onset osteoarthrosis, and dysplasia of the spine, epiphysis, and metaphysis. It is known as an autosomal dominant disease which results exclusively from mutations in the gene for Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP). We have identified a five year old Chinese boy who was diagnosed as pseudoachondroplasia according to clinical manifestations and X-ray symptoms. His mother seems like another effected individual because of the apparent short stature. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes. DNA sequencing analysis of the COMP gene revealed a heterozygous mutation (c.1219 T > C,p.Cys407Arg) in the patient. His mother was also affected with the same genetic change. Mutations in COMP gene is proved to change the Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein. This missense mutation (c.1219 T > C) has not been reported before and it is not belongs to polymorphism sites. Our results extend the spectrum of mutations in COMP gene leading to pseudoachondroplasia.
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33
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Mutant cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) compromises bone integrity, joint function and the balance between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 67:75-89. [PMID: 29309831 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) cause severe long bone shortening in mice and humans. Previously, we showed that massive accumulation of misfolded COMP in the ER of growth plate chondrocytes in our MT-COMP mouse model of pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) causes premature chondrocyte death and loss of linear growth. Premature chondrocyte death results from activation of oxidative stress and inflammation through the CHOP-ER pathway and is reduced by removing CHOP or by anti-inflammatory or antioxidant therapies. Although the mutant COMP chondrocyte pathologic mechanism is now recognized, the effect of mutant COMP on bone quality and joint health (laxity) is largely unknown. Applying multiple analytic approaches, we describe a novel mechanism by which the deleterious consequences of mutant COMP retention results in upregulation of miR-223 disturbing the adipogenesis - osteogenesis balance. This results in reduction in bone mineral density, bone quality, mechanical strength and subchondral bone thickness. These, in addition to abnormal patterns of ossification at the ends of the femoral bones likely contribute to precocious osteoarthritis (OA) of the hips and knees in the MT-COMP mouse and PSACH. Moreover, joint laxity is compromised by abnormally thin ligaments. Altogether, these novel findings align with the PSACH phenotype of delayed ossification and bone age, extreme joint laxity and joint erosion, and extend our understanding of the underlying processes that affect bone in PSACH. These results introduce a novel finding that miR-223 is involved in the ossification defect in MT-COMP mice making it a therapeutic target.
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Genes uniquely expressed in human growth plate chondrocytes uncover a distinct regulatory network. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:983. [PMID: 29262782 PMCID: PMC5738906 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chondrogenesis is the earliest stage of skeletal development and is a highly dynamic process, integrating the activities and functions of transcription factors, cell signaling molecules and extracellular matrix proteins. The molecular mechanisms underlying chondrogenesis have been extensively studied and multiple key regulators of this process have been identified. However, a genome-wide overview of the gene regulatory network in chondrogenesis has not been achieved. Results In this study, employing RNA sequencing, we identified 332 protein coding genes and 34 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that are highly selectively expressed in human fetal growth plate chondrocytes. Among the protein coding genes, 32 genes were associated with 62 distinct human skeletal disorders and 153 genes were associated with skeletal defects in knockout mice, confirming their essential roles in skeletal formation. These gene products formed a comprehensive physical interaction network and participated in multiple cellular processes regulating skeletal development. The data also revealed 34 transcription factors and 11,334 distal enhancers that were uniquely active in chondrocytes, functioning as transcriptional regulators for the cartilage-selective genes. Conclusions Our findings revealed a complex gene regulatory network controlling skeletal development whereby transcription factors, enhancers and lncRNAs participate in chondrogenesis by transcriptional regulation of key genes. Additionally, the cartilage-selective genes represent candidate genes for unsolved human skeletal disorders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4378-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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35
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Tariq M, Khan T, Lundin L, Jameel M, Lönnerholm T, Baig S, Dahl N, Klar J. Homozygosity for a missense variant in COMP
gene associated with severe pseudoachondroplasia. Clin Genet 2017; 93:182-186. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tariq
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE); Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - T.N. Khan
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE); Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - L. Lundin
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - M. Jameel
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE); Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - T. Lönnerholm
- Department of Surgical Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - S.M. Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE); Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - N. Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - J. Klar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Lubricin binds cartilage proteins, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, fibronectin and collagen II at the cartilage surface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13149. [PMID: 29030641 PMCID: PMC5640667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13558-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lubricin, a heavily O-glycosylated protein, is essential for boundary lubrication of articular cartilage. Strong surface adherence of lubricin is required given the extreme force it must withstand. Disulfide bound complexes of lubricin and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) have recently been identified in arthritic synovial fluid suggesting they may be lost from the cartilage surface in osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. This investigation was undertaken to localise COMP-lubricin complexes within cartilage and investigate if other cartilage proteins are involved in anchoring lubricin to the joint. Immunohistochemical analysis of human cartilage biopsies showed lubricin and COMP co-localise to the cartilage surface. COMP knockout mice, however, presented with a lubricin layer on the articular cartilage leading to the further investigation of additional lubricin binding mechanisms. Proximity ligation assays (PLA) on human cartilage biopsies was used to localise additional lubricin binding partners and demonstrated that lubricin bound COMP, but also fibronectin and collagen II on the cartilage surface. Fibronectin and collagen II binding to lubricin was confirmed and characterised by solid phase binding assays with recombinant lubricin fragments. Overall, COMP, fibronectin and collagen II bind lubricin, exposed on the articular cartilage surface suggesting they may be involved in maintaining essential boundary lubrication.
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Posey KL, Hecht JT. Novel therapeutic interventions for pseudoachondroplasia. Bone 2017; 102:60-68. [PMID: 28336490 PMCID: PMC6168010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe short-limbed dwarfing condition, is associated with life-long joint pain and early onset osteoarthritis. PSACH is caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a pentameric matricellular protein expressed primarily in cartilage and other musculoskeletal tissues. Mutations in COMP diminish calcium binding and as a result perturb protein folding and export to the extracellular matrix. Mutant COMP is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of growth plate chondrocytes resulting in massive intracellular COMP retention. COMP trapped in the ER builds an intracellular matrix network that may prevent the normal cellular clearance mechanisms. We have shown that accumulation of intracellular matrix in mutant-COMP (MT-COMP) mice stimulates intense unrelenting ER stress, inflammation and oxidative stress. This cytotoxic stress triggers premature death of growth plate chondrocytes limiting long-bone growth. Here, we review the mutant COMP pathologic mechanisms and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant therapeutic approaches to reduce ER stress. In MT-COMP mice, aspirin and resveratrol both dampen the mutant COMP chondrocyte phenotype by decreasing intracellular accumulation, chondrocyte death and inflammatory marker expression. This reduction in chondrocyte stress translates into an improvement in long-bone growth in the MT-COMP mice. Our efforts now move to translational studies targeted at reducing the clinical consequences of MT-COMP and painful sequelae associated with PSACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Posey
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States; School of Dentistry University of Texas Heath, Houston, TX, United States
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Posey KL, Coustry F, Veerisetty AC, Hossain M, Gattis D, Booten S, Alcorn JL, Seth PP, Hecht JT. Antisense Reduction of Mutant COMP Reduces Growth Plate Chondrocyte Pathology. Mol Ther 2017; 25:705-714. [PMID: 28162960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein cause pseudoachondroplasia, a severe disproportionate short stature disorder. Mutant cartilage oligomeric matrix protein produces massive intracellular retention of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, stimulating ER and oxidative stresses and inflammation, culminating in post-natal loss of growth plate chondrocytes, which compromises linear bone growth. Treatments for pseudoachondroplasia are limited because cartilage is relatively avascular and considered inaccessible. Here we report successful delivery and treatment using antisense oligonucleotide technology in our transgenic pseudoachondroplasia mouse model. We demonstrate delivery of human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-specific antisense oligonucleotides to cartilage and reduction of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein expression, which largely alleviates pseudoachondroplasia growth plate chondrocyte pathology. One antisense oligonucleotide reduced steady-state levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein mRNA and dampened intracellular retention of mutant cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, leading to a reduction of inflammatory markers and cell death and partial restoration of proliferation. This novel and exciting work demonstrates that antisense-based therapy is a viable approach for treating pseudoachondroplasia and other human cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Posey
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Francoise Coustry
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alka C Veerisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohammad Hossain
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Danielle Gattis
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Sheri Booten
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Joseph L Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Punit P Seth
- Department of Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Magdaleno F, Arriazu E, Ruiz de Galarreta M, Chen Y, Ge X, Conde de la Rosa L, Nieto N. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein participates in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2016; 65:963-971. [PMID: 27318326 PMCID: PMC5831373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is characterized by significant accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly fibrillar collagen-I, as a result of persistent liver injury. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is largely found in the ECM of skeletal tissue. Increased COMP expression has been associated with fibrogenesis in systemic sclerosis, lung fibrosis, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. We hypothesized that COMP could induce fibrillar collagen-I deposition and participate in matrix remodeling thus contributing to the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis. METHODS Thioacetamide (TAA) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used to induce liver fibrosis in wild-type (WT) and Comp-/- mice. In vitro experiments were performed with primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). RESULTS COMP expression was detected in livers from control WT mice and was upregulated in response to either TAA or CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. TAA-treated or CCl4-injected Comp-/- mice showed less liver injury, inflammation and fibrosis compared to their corresponding control WT mice. Challenge of HSCs with recombinant COMP (rCOMP) induced intra- plus extracellular collagen-I deposition and increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 9 and 13, albeit similar expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) protein, in addition to Tgfβ, tumour necrosis factor alpha (Tnfα) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (Timp1) mRNAs. We demonstrated that COMP binds collagen-I; yet, it does not prevent collagen-I cleavage by MMP1. Last, rCOMP induced collagen-I expression in HSCs via CD36 receptor signaling and activation of the MEK1/2-pERK1/2 pathway. CONCLUSION These results suggest that COMP contributes to liver fibrosis by regulating collagen-I deposition. LAY SUMMARY Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) induces fibrillar collagen-I deposition via the CD36 receptor signaling and activation of the MEK1/2-pERK1/2 pathway, and participates in extracellular matrix remodeling contributing to the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Magdaleno
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Elena Arriazu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marina Ruiz de Galarreta
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Laura Conde de la Rosa
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1123, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 11-70, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Yang N, Yu F, Shao G, Fu Y, Kong W. The E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl mediates integrin β1 ubiquitination during dilated cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:728-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang M, Fu Y, Gao C, Jia Y, Huang Y, Liu L, Wang X, Wang W, Kong W. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein prevents vascular aging and vascular smooth muscle cells senescence. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1006-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fu Y, Gao C, Liang Y, Wang M, Huang Y, Ma W, Li T, Jia Y, Yu F, Zhu W, Cui Q, Li Y, Xu Q, Wang X, Kong W. Shift of Macrophage Phenotype Due to Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein Deficiency Drives Atherosclerotic Calcification. Circ Res 2016; 119:261-76. [PMID: 27151399 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Intimal calcification is highly correlated with atherosclerotic plaque burden, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We recently reported that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a component of vascular extracellular matrix, is an endogenous inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.
Objective:
To investigate whether COMP affects atherosclerotic calcification.
Methods and Results:
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice fed with chow diet for 12 months manifested more extensive atherosclerotic calcification in the innominate arteries than did
ApoE
−/−
mice. To investigate which origins of COMP contributed to atherosclerotic calcification, bone marrow transplantation was performed between
ApoE
−/−
and
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice. Enhanced calcification was observed in mice transplanted with
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
bone marrow compared with mice transplanted with
ApoE
−/−
bone marrow, indicating that bone marrow–derived COMP may play a critical role in atherosclerotic calcification. Furthermore, microarray profiling of wild-type and
COMP
−/−
macrophages revealed that COMP-deficient macrophages exerted atherogenic and osteogenic characters. Integrin β3 protein was attenuated in
COMP
−/−
macrophages, and overexpression of integrin β3 inhibited the shift of macrophage phenotypes by COMP deficiency. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus 2–integrin β3 infection attenuated atherosclerotic calcification in
ApoE
−/−
COMP
−/−
mice. Mechanistically, COMP bound directly to β-tail domain of integrin β3 via its C-terminus, and blocking of the COMP–integrin β3 association by β-tail domain mimicked the COMP deficiency–induced shift in macrophage phenotypes. Similar to COMP deficiency in mice, transduction of adeno-associated virus 2–β-tail domain enhanced atherosclerotic calcification in
ApoE
−/−
mice.
Conclusions:
These results reveal that COMP deficiency acted via integrin β3 to drive macrophages toward the atherogenic and osteogenic phenotype and thereby aggravate atherosclerotic calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Cheng Gao
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Ying Liang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Meili Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yaqian Huang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wei Ma
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Tuoyi Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yiting Jia
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Fang Yu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Qinghua Cui
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Yanhui Li
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Xian Wang
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
| | - Wei Kong
- From the Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., X.W., W.K.), Department of Biomedical Informatics (W.M., Q.C.), Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences (Y.L.), Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, P. R. China (Y.F., C.G., Y.L., M.W., Y.H., W.M., T.L., Y.J., F.Y., Q.C., Y.L., X.W., W.K.); School of Biological Science and Medical
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Hecht JT, Sage EH. Retention of the Matricellular Protein SPARC in the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Chondrocytes from Patients with Pseudoachondroplasia. J Histochem Cytochem 2016; 54:269-74. [PMID: 16286662 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.5c6834.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by dwarfism, morphological irregularities of long bones and hips, and early-onset osteoarthritis. This disease has been attributed to mutations in a structural protein of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), which result in its selective retention in the chondrocyte rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Accumulation of excessive amounts of mutated COMP might reflect a defect in protein trafficking by PSACH chondrocytes. Here we identify the matricellular protein SPARC as a component of this trafficking deficit. SPARC was localized to the hypertrophic chondrocytes in the normal human tibial growth plate and in cultured control cartilage nodules. In contrast, concentrated intracellular depots of SPARC were identified in nodules cultured from three PSACH patients with mutations in COMP. The accumulated SPARC was coincident with COMP and with protein disulfide isomerase, a resident chaperone of the rough ER, whereas SPARC and COMP were not coincident in the ECM of control or PSACH nodules. SPARC-null mice develop severe osteopenia and degenerative intervertebral disc disease, and exhibit attenuation of collagenous ECM. The retention of SPARC in the ER of chondrocytes producing mutant COMP indicates a new intracellular function for SPARC in the trafficking/secretion of cartilage ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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44
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Thorpe CT, Screen HRC. Tendon Structure and Composition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 920:3-10. [PMID: 27535244 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tendons are soft, fibrous tissues that connect muscle to bone. Their main function is to transfer muscle generated force to the bony skeleton, facilitating movement around a joint, and as such they are relatively passive, inelastic structures, able to resist high forces. Tendons are predominantly composed of collagen, which is arranged in a hierarchical manner parallel to the long axis of the tendon, resulting in high tensile strength. Tendon also contains a range of non-collagenous proteins, present in low amounts, which nevertheless have important functional roles. In this chapter, we describe general tendon composition and structure, and discuss how variations in composition and structure at different levels of the tendon hierarchy confer specific mechanical properties, which are related to tendon function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavaunne T Thorpe
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Hazel R C Screen
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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45
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Abstract
Introduction: Genetic skeletal diseases (GSDs) are a diverse and complex group of rare genetic conditions that affect the development and homeostasis of the skeleton. Although individually rare, as a group of related diseases, GSDs have an overall prevalence of at least 1 per 4,000 children. There are currently very few specific therapeutic interventions to prevent, halt or modify skeletal disease progression and therefore the generation of new and effective treatments requires novel and innovative research that can identify tractable therapeutic targets and biomarkers of these diseases. Areas covered: Remarkable progress has been made in identifying the genetic basis of the majority of GSDs and in developing relevant model systems that have delivered new knowledge on disease mechanisms and are now starting to identify novel therapeutic targets. This review will provide an overview of disease mechanisms that are shared amongst groups of different GSDs and describe potential therapeutic approaches that are under investigation. Expert opinion: The extensive clinical variability and genetic heterogeneity of GSDs renders this broad group of rare diseases a bench to bedside challenge. However, the evolving hypothesis that clinically different diseases might share common disease mechanisms is a powerful concept that will generate critical mass for the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Briggs
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life , Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Peter A Bell
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Michael J Wright
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Pirog
- Newcastle University, Institute of Genetic Medicine, International Centre for Life , Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
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46
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein is a natural inhibitor of thrombin. Blood 2015; 126:905-14. [PMID: 26045608 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-621292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is an effector enzyme for hemostasis and thrombosis; however, endogenous regulators of thrombin remain elusive. Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), a matricellular protein also known as thrombospondin-5, is essential for maintaining vascular homeostasis. Here, we asked whether COMP is involved in the process of blood coagulation. COMP deficiency shortened tail-bleeding and clotting time and accelerated ferric-chloride-induced thrombosis in mice. The absence of COMP had no effect on platelet count. In contrast, COMP specifically inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and retraction and the thrombin-mediated cleavage of fibrinogen. Furthermore, surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed direct thrombin-COMP binding (KD = 1.38 ± 0.24 μM). In particular, blockage of thrombin exosites with compounds specific for exosite I (hirudin and HD1 aptamer) or exosite II (heparin and HD22 aptamer) impaired the COMP-thrombin interaction, indicating a 2-site binding mechanism. Additionally, epidermal growth factor-like repeats (amino acids 84-261) were identified as a COMP binding site for thrombin. Moreover, COMP was expressed in and secreted by platelets. Using bone marrow transplantation and platelet transfusion to create chimeric mice, platelet-derived but not vessel-wall-derived COMP was demonstrated to inhibit coagulation. Taken together, COMP is an endogenous thrombin inhibitor and negative regulator of hemostasis and thrombosis.
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Heinegård D, Lorenzo P, Önnerfjord P, Saxne T. Articular cartilage. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Growth plate is a specialized cartilaginous structure that mediates the longitudinal growth of skeletal bones. It consists of ordered zones of chondrocytes that secrete an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of specific types of collagens and proteoglycans. Several heritable human skeletal dysplasias are caused by mutations in these ECM components and this review focuses on the roles of type II, IX, X, and XI collagens, aggrecan, matrilins, perlecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the growth plate as deduced from human disease phenotypes and mouse models. Substantial advances have been achieved in deciphering the interaction networks and individual roles of these components in the construction of the growth plate ECM. Furthermore, ER stress and other cellular responses have been identified as key downstream effects of the ECM mutations contributing to abnormal growth plate development. The next challenge is to utilize the molecular level knowledge for the development of potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Myllyharju
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland,
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Wigglesworth K, Lee KB, Emori C, Sugiura K, Eppig JJ. Transcriptomic diversification of developing cumulus and mural granulosa cells in mouse ovarian follicles. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:23. [PMID: 25376232 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulus cells and mural granulosa cells (MGCs) have functionally distinct roles in antral follicles, and comparison of their transcriptomes at a global and systems level can propel future studies on mechanisms underlying their functional diversity. These cells were isolated from small and large antral follicles before and after stimulation of immature mice with gonadotropins, respectively. Both cell types underwent dramatic transcriptomic changes, and differences between them increased with follicular growth. Although cumulus cells of both stages of follicular development are competent to undergo expansion in vitro, they were otherwise remarkably dissimilar with transcriptomic changes quantitatively equivalent to those of MGCs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that cumulus cells of small follicles were enriched in transcripts generally associated with catalytic components of metabolic processes, while those from large follicles were involved in regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, and adhesion. Contrast of cumulus cells versus MGCs revealed that cumulus cells were enriched in transcripts associated with metabolism and cell proliferation while MGCs were enriched for transcripts involved in cell signaling and differentiation. In vitro and in vivo models were used to test the hypothesis that higher levels of transcripts in cumulus cells versus MGCs is the result of stimulation by oocyte-derived paracrine factors (ODPFs). Surprisingly ∼48% of transcripts higher in cumulus cells than MGCs were not stimulated by ODPFs. Those stimulated by ODPFs were mainly associated with cell division, mRNA processing, or the catalytic pathways of metabolism, while those not stimulated by ODPFs were associated with regulatory processes such as signaling, transcription, phosphorylation, or the regulation of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyung-Bon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, College of Education, Chonnam National University, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chihiro Emori
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sugiura
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in murine brachiocephalic and carotid atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2014; 236:366-72. [PMID: 25133350 PMCID: PMC4181795 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that COMP can influence the morphology, stability and size of murine atherosclerotic lesions. METHODS ApoE- and ApoE/COMP-knockout mice were fed a high-fat diet to develop atherosclerotic plaques at lesion sites of three different types; inflammatory and fibrous plaques induced in the carotid artery by low or oscillatory shear stress, respectively, and spontaneously developing plaques in the brachiocephalic artery. The localization of COMP in the plaques and the effect of COMP deficiency on plaque development were evaluated. RESULTS COMP immunoreactivity was observed in about half of the investigated plaques from the ApoE null mice, mainly located along the intima-medial border. There were no significant differences in the size of inflammatory and fibrous carotid plaques between the genotypes. Plaques in the brachiocephalic artery from ApoE mice lacking COMP were increased in size with 54%. In these plaques the collagen content was also increased by 48%. There were no differences in relative collagen content in inflammatory and fibrous carotid plaques between genotypes. Polarized light microscopy showed that the increase in total collagen in brachiocephalic plaques was more than proportionally accounted for by an increase in thicker collagen fibrils. CONCLUSION We have shown that COMP deficiency has a significant impact on atherosclerotic plaque morphology and size. Our data also suggest that an altered collagen metabolism may be an important mechanism in this finding.
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