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Kamińska A, Lustofin S, Brzoskwinia M, Duliban M, Cyran-Gryboś J, Bilińska B, Hejmej A. Androgens and Notch signaling cooperate in seminiferous epithelium to regulate genes related to germ cell development and apoptosis. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100878. [PMID: 38490111 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2024.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
It was reported previously that in adult males disruption of both androgen and Notch signaling impairs spermatid development and germ cell survival in rodent seminiferous epithelium. To explain the molecular mechanisms of these effects, we focused on the interaction between Notch signaling and androgen receptor (AR) in Sertoli cells and investigate its role in the control of proteins involved in apical ectoplasmic specializations, actin remodeling during spermiogenesis, and induction of germ cell apoptosis. First, it was revealed that in rat testicular explants ex vivo both testosterone and Notch signaling modulate AR expression and cooperate in the regulation of spermiogenesis-related genes (Nectin2, Afdn, Arp2, Eps8) and apoptosis-related genes (Fasl, Fas, Bax, Bcl2). Further, altered expression of these genes was found following exposure of Sertoli cells (TM4 cell line) and germ cells (GC-2 cell line) to ligands for Notch receptors (Delta-like1, Delta-like4, and Jagged1) and/or Notch pathway inhibition. Finally, direct interactions of Notch effector, Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1, and the promoter of Ar gene or AR protein were revealed in TM4 Sertoli cells. In conclusion, Notch pathway activity in Sertoli and germ cells regulates genes related to germ cell development and apoptosis acting both directly and indirectly by influencing androgen signaling in Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Lustofin
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brzoskwinia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Cyran-Gryboś
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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Mugisha S, Di X, Disoma C, Jiang H, Zhang S. Fringe family genes and their modulation of Notch signaling in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188746. [PMID: 35660646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fringes are glycosyltransferases that transfer N-acetylglucosamine to the O-linked fucose of Notch receptors. They regulate the Notch signaling activity that drives tumor formation and progression, resulting in poor prognosis. However, the specific tumor-promoting role of Fringes differs depending on the type of cancer. Although a particular Fringe member could act as a tumor suppressor in one cancer type, it may act as an oncogene in another. This review discusses the tumorigenic role of the Fringe family (lunatic fringe, manic fringe, and radical fringe) in modulating Notch signaling in various cancers. Although the crucial functions of Fringes continue to emerge as more mechanistic studies are being pursued, further translational research is needed to explore their roles and therapeutic benefits in various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Mugisha
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Di
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Cyrollah Disoma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
| | - Shubing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China.
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3
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Mazzu YZ, Liao YR, Nandakumar S, Jehane LE, Koche RP, Rajanala SH, Li R, Zhao H, Gerke TA, Chakraborty G, Lee GSM, Nanjangud GJ, Gopalan A, Chen Y, Kantoff PW. Prognostic and therapeutic significance of COP9 signalosome subunit CSN5 in prostate cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:671-682. [PMID: 34802033 PMCID: PMC9359627 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 8q gain is associated with poor clinical outcomes in prostate cancer, but the underlying biological mechanisms remain to be clarified. CSN5, a putative androgen receptor (AR) partner that is located on chromosome 8q, is the key subunit of the COP9 signalosome, which deactivates ubiquitin ligases. Deregulation of CSN5 could affect diverse cellular functions that contribute to tumor development, but there has been no comprehensive study of its function in prostate cancer. The clinical significance of CSN5 amplification/overexpression was evaluated in 16 prostate cancer clinical cohorts. Its oncogenic activity was assessed by genetic and pharmacologic perturbations of CSN5 activity in prostate cancer cell lines. The molecular mechanisms of CSN5 function were assessed, as was the efficacy of the CSN5 inhibitor CSN5i-3 in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the transcription cofactor activity of CSN5 in prostate cancer cells was determined. The prognostic significance of CSN5 amplification and overexpression in prostate cancer was independent of MYC amplification. Inhibition of CSN5 inhibited its oncogenic function by targeting AR signaling, DNA repair, multiple oncogenic pathways, and spliceosome regulation. Furthermore, inhibition of CSN5 repressed metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis in AR-negative prostate cancer cells. Targeting CSN5 with CSN5i-3 showed potent antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, CSN5i-3 synergizes with PARP inhibitors to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. CSN5 functions as a transcription cofactor to cooperate with multiple transcription factors in prostate cancer. Inhibiting CSN5 strongly attenuates prostate cancer progression and could enhance PARP inhibition efficacy in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Z. Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Corresponding author name(s), contact info: Philip W. Kantoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 212-639-5851, Fax: 929-321-5023, , Ying Z. Mazzu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 646-888-3190, Fax: 929-321-5023,
| | - Yu-Rou Liao
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lina E. Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Epigenetics Innovation Lab, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sai Harisha Rajanala
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ruifang Li
- Epigenetics Innovation Lab, Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - HuiYong Zhao
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gouri J. Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anuradha Gopalan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Corresponding author name(s), contact info: Philip W. Kantoff, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 212-639-5851, Fax: 929-321-5023, , Ying Z. Mazzu, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, Tel: 646-888-3190, Fax: 929-321-5023,
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Mechanisms of Binding Specificity among bHLH Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179150. [PMID: 34502060 PMCID: PMC8431614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of every cell is orchestrated by the complex network of interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and their binding sites on DNA. Disruption of this network can result in many forms of organism malfunction but also can be the substrate of positive natural selection. However, understanding the specific determinants of each of these individual TF-DNA interactions is a challenging task as it requires integrating the multiple possible mechanisms by which a given TF ends up interacting with a specific genomic region. These mechanisms include DNA motif preferences, which can be determined by nucleotide sequence but also by DNA’s shape; post-translational modifications of the TF, such as phosphorylation; and dimerization partners and co-factors, which can mediate multiple forms of direct or indirect cooperative binding. Binding can also be affected by epigenetic modifications of putative target regions, including DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. In this review, we describe how all these mechanisms have a role and crosstalk in one specific family of TFs, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), with a very conserved DNA binding domain and a similar DNA preferred motif, the E-box. Here, we compile and discuss a rich catalog of strategies used by bHLH to acquire TF-specific genome-wide landscapes of binding sites.
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Yu G, Shen P, Lee YC, Pan J, Song JH, Pan T, Lin SC, Liang X, Wang G, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Multiple pathways coordinating reprogramming of endothelial cells into osteoblasts by BMP4. iScience 2021; 24:102388. [PMID: 33981975 PMCID: PMC8086028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type transition occurs during normal development and under pathological conditions. In prostate cancer bone metastasis, prostate cancer-secreted BMP4 induces endothelial cell-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition. Such tumor-induced stromal reprogramming supports prostate cancer progression. We delineate signaling pathways mediating EC-to-OSB transition using EC lines 2H11 and SVR. We found that BMP4-activated pSmad1-Notch-Hey1 pathway inhibits EC migration and tube formation. BMP4-activated GSK3β-βcatenin-Slug pathway stimulates Osx expression. In addition, pSmad1-regulated Dlx2 converges with the Smad1 and β-catenin pathways to stimulate osteocalcin expression. By co-expressing Osx, Dlx2, Slug and Hey1, we were able to achieve EC-to-OSB transition, leading to bone matrix mineralization in the absence of BMP4. In human prostate cancer bone metastasis specimens and MDA-PCa-118b and C4-2b-BMP4 osteogenic xenografts, immunohistochemical analysis showed that β-catenin and pSmad1 are detected in activated osteoblasts rimming the tumor-induced bone. Our results elucidated the pathways and key molecules coordinating prostate cancer-induced stromal programming and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian H. Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tianhong Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E. Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
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6
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Dambaeva S, Bilal M, Schneiderman S, Germain A, Fernandez E, Kwak-Kim J, Beaman K, Coulam C. Decidualization score identifies an endometrial dysregulation in samples from women with recurrent pregnancy losses and unexplained infertility. F S Rep 2021; 2:95-103. [PMID: 34223279 PMCID: PMC8244268 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study decidualization-associated endometrial factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study to compare endometrial gene expression patterns in women experiencing reproductive failure including recurrent pregnancy loss or unexplained infertility versus fertile controls. SETTING University Reproductive Medicine Center. PATIENTS Women experiencing recurrent reproductive failure including recurrent pregnancy loss or unexplained infertility (n = 42) and fertile controls (n = 18). INTERVENTIONS Endometrial biopsy samples were analyzed with targeted ribonucleic acid sequencing via next-generation sequencing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point measurements were the expression of genes important for endometrial transformation during decidualization measured singly and in a combined/cumulative score approach. The secondary end point measurements were receiver operating curve analysis and comparisons between the specific biomarkers. RESULTS The comparison revealed differential expression of factors associated with decidualization, tissue homeostasis, and immune regulation: FOXO1, GZMB, IL15, SCNN1A, SGK1, and SLC2A1. A combined evaluation of these 6 signature factors was designated as a decidualization score in which the maximal score was "6" and the minimal was "0". Among controls, 89% of the samples had a score ≥5 and 11% had a score of "4". A total of 76% of samples in the patient group had scores ≤4 and 19% had the lowest score of "0". A decidualization score <4 provided evidence of abnormality in the decidualization process with a sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 61%-88%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 65%-99%). CONCLUSIONS Decidualization scoring can determine whether the endometrial molecular profile is implantation-friendly. Further validation of this testing approach is necessary to determine a particular patient population in whom it could be used for selecting patients that require therapeutic actions to improve endometrial conditions prior to the in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Dambaeva
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mahmood Bilal
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Joanne Kwak-Kim
- Reproductive Medicine and Immunology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Sciences Department, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Vernon Hills, Illinois
| | - Kenneth Beaman
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Carolyn Coulam
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
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Anusewicz D, Orzechowska M, Bednarek AK. Notch Signaling Pathway in Cancer-Review with Bioinformatic Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040768. [PMID: 33673145 PMCID: PMC7918426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Notch signaling pathway, which controls multiple cell differentiation processes during the embryonic stage and adult life, is associated with carcinogenesis and disease progression. The aim of the present study was to highlight cancer heterogeneity with respect to the Notch pathway. Our analysis concerns the effects of the Notch signaling at different levels, including core components and downstream target genes. We also demonstrate overall and disease-free survival results, pointing out the characteristics of particular Notch components. Depending on tissue context, Notch members can be either oncogenic or suppressive. We observed different expression profile core components and target genes that could be associated with distinct survival of patients. Advances in our understanding of the Notch signaling in cancer are very promising for the development of new treatment strategies for the benefit of patients. Abstract Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway regulating normal embryonic development and homeostasis in a wide variety of tissues. It is also critically involved in carcinogenesis, as well as cancer progression. Activation of the Notch pathway members can be either oncogenic or suppressive, depending on tissue context. The present study is a comprehensive overview, extended with a bioinformatics analysis of TCGA cohorts, including breast, bladder, cervical, colon, kidney, lung, ovary, prostate and rectum carcinomas. We performed global expression profiling of the Notch pathway core components and downstream targets. For this purpose, we implemented the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection algorithm to reduce the dimensions. Furthermore, we determined the optimal cutpoint using Evaluate Cutpoint software to established disease-free and overall survival with respect to particular Notch members. Our results demonstrated separation between tumors and their corresponding normal tissue, as well as between tumors in general. The differentiation of the Notch pathway, at its various stages, in terms of expression and survival resulted in distinct profiles of biological processes such as proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, whether oncogenic or suppressive, Notch signaling is proven to be associated with various types of malignancies, and thus may be of interest as a potential therapeutic target.
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Saad MA, Eltarzy MA, Abdel Salam RM, Ahmed MAE. Liraglutide mends cognitive impairment by averting Notch signaling pathway overexpression in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2020; 265:118731. [PMID: 33160995 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the rifest endocrine disorder in women, is involved in disrupting many metabolic processes. However, the impact of PCOS on cognitive deficits is still uncertain. Recently, Notch signaling pathway was identified as a key modifier in regulating the pathological process in the ovary and various neurodegenerative disorders. Liraglutide has favourable neuroprotective effects that may protect against the possible cognitive dysfunction in PCOS. MAIN METHODS PCOS was induced in rats by administrating Letrozole orally for 21 successive days. Then, Liraglutide (LIR) was administered intraperitoneally for 30 days. Memory was examined using Y-maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Western blotting, enzyme immunoassay, and quantitative real-time PCR were used to examine Notch signaling downstream targets, as well as assessing the expression of the components of various pathways cross talked with Notch signaling in memory impairment. Furthermore, histopathological examination was performed to examine neuronal changes. KEY FINDINGS Notch signaling was overexpressed in PCOS rats, which increased Aβ aggregation, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. Additionally, histopathological examination showed neuronal degeneration, which was marked by diminished acetylcholine levels in the PCOS rats' hippocampi. Finally, serum levels of insulin and testosterone were elevated while estradiol was reduced. Treatment with LIR repaired Notch signaling-attributed changes and improved the PCOS-induced memory impairment in rats. SIGNIFICANCE The obtained findings confirm that Notch signaling activation in the hippocampus of rats impairs cognitive functions in PCOS, which is mitigated by LIR. Therefore, LIR may offer a novel therapeutic intervention to impede PCOS-induced dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad A Eltarzy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdel Salam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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Kamińska A, Marek S, Pardyak L, Brzoskwinia M, Bilinska B, Hejmej A. Crosstalk between Androgen-ZIP9 Signaling and Notch Pathway in Rodent Sertoli Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218275. [PMID: 33167316 PMCID: PMC7663815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent study demonstrated altered expression of Notch ligands, receptors, and effector genes in testes of pubertal rats following reduced androgen production or signaling. Herein we aimed to explore the role of nuclear androgen receptor (AR) and membrane androgen receptor (Zrt- and Irt-like protein 9; ZIP9) in the regulation of Notch pathway activation in rodent Sertoli cells. Experiments were performed using TM4 and 15P-1 Sertoli cell lines and rat primary Sertoli cells (PSC). We found that testosterone (10-8 M-10-6 M) increased the expression of Notch1 receptor, its active form Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001), and the effector genes Hey1 (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001) and Hes1 (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) in Sertoli cells. Knockdown of AR or ZIP9 as well as antiandrogen exposure experiments revealed that (i) action of androgens via both AR and ZIP9 controls Notch1/N1ICD expression and transcriptional activity of recombination signal binding protein (RBP-J), (ii) AR-dependent signaling regulates Hey1 expression, (iii) ZIP9-dependent pathway regulates Hes1 expression. Our findings indicate a crosstalk between androgen and Notch signaling in Sertoli cells and point to cooperation of classical and non-classical androgen signaling pathways in controlling Sertoli cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Sylwia Marek
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Brzoskwinia
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Barbara Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (A.K.); (S.M.); (L.P.); (M.B.); (B.B.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Recapitulation of prostate tissue cell type-specific transcriptomes by an in vivo primary prostate tissue xenograft model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233899. [PMID: 32584883 PMCID: PMC7316257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the normal functions and diseases of the prostate request in vivo models that maintain the tissue architecture and the multiple-cell type compartments of human origin in order to recapitulate reliably the interactions of different cell types. Cell type-specific transcriptomes are critical to reveal the roles of each cell type in the functions and diseases of the prostate. A primary prostate tissue xenograft model was developed using fresh human prostate tissue specimens transplanted onto male mice that were castrated surgically and implanted with a device to maintain circulating testosterone levels comparable to adult human males. Endothelial cells and epithelial cells were isolated from 7 fresh human prostate tissue specimens and from primary tissue xenografts established from 9 fresh human prostate tissue specimens, using antibody-conjugated magnetic beads specific to human CD31 and human EpCAM, respectively. Transcriptomes of endothelial, epithelial and stromal cell fractions were obtained using RNA-Seq. Global and function-specific gene expression profiles were compared in inter-cell type and inter-tissue type manners. Gene expression profiles in the individual cell types isolated from xenografts were similar to those of cells isolated from fresh tissue, demonstrating the value of the primary tissue xenograft model for studies of the inter-relationships between prostatic cell types and the role of such inter-relationships in organ development, disease progression, and response to drug treatments.
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11
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Ma L, Jiang K, Jiang P, He H, Chen K, Shao J, Deng G. Mechanism of Notch1‑saRNA‑1480 reversing androgen sensitivity in human metastatic castration‑resistant prostate cancer. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:265-279. [PMID: 32626918 PMCID: PMC7255480 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the mechanism by which Notch1-small activating (sa)RNA restored androgen sensitivity in human metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). After transfection of Notch1-saRNA-1480 in PC3 cells, the expression of Notch1 and androgen receptor (AR) was investigated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Furthermore, the protein expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured. Then, flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis after transfection. Moreover, the migration and invasion ability of PC3 cells were assessed by transwell assays. Then, angio-genesis experiments were conducted to analyze the abilities of PC3 cells to form blood vessels. Furthermore, in vivo experiments detected the antitumor activity of Notch1-saRNA-1480. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch1 were significantly increased after transfection, while the expression levels of AR and VEGF were decreased. After transfection, the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 checkpoint. Notch1-saRNA-1480 significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic cells after transfection. In addition, transwell assay results showed that PC3 cell migration and invasion were inhibited. The total vessel length was significantly decreased based on angiogenesis experiments, which indicated that PC3 cell angiogenesis was inhibited. In vivo experiments showed that Notch1-saRNA-1480 could inhibit tumor growth and volume. The protein expression of Notch1, AR, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and VEGF in tumor tissues was consistent with in vitro levels. Notch1-saRNA-1480 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of PC3 cells in vitro and the growth of tumors in vivo, which is associated with the inhibition of the AR and VEGF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Kang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Peiwu Jiang
- Surgical Department Ⅰ, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310007, P.R. China
| | - Han He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | | | - Jia Shao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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12
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Puca L, Gavyert K, Sailer V, Conteduca V, Dardenne E, Sigouros M, Isse K, Kearney M, Vosoughi A, Fernandez L, Pan H, Motanagh S, Hess J, Donoghue AJ, Sboner A, Wang Y, Dittamore R, Rickman D, Nanus DM, Tagawa ST, Elemento O, Mosquera JM, Saunders L, Beltran H. Delta-like protein 3 expression and therapeutic targeting in neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/484/eaav0891. [PMID: 30894499 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav0891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Histologic transformation to small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer occurs in a subset of patients with advanced prostate cancer as a mechanism of treatment resistance. Rovalpituzumab tesirine (SC16LD6.5) is an antibody-drug conjugate that targets delta-like protein 3 (DLL3) and was initially developed for small cell lung cancer. We found that DLL3 is expressed in most of the castration-resistant neuroendocrine prostate cancer (CRPC-NE) (36 of 47, 76.6%) and in a subset of castration-resistant prostate adenocarcinomas (7 of 56, 12.5%). It shows minimal to no expression in localized prostate cancer (1 of 194) and benign prostate (0 of 103). DLL3 expression correlates with neuroendocrine marker expression, RB1 loss, and aggressive clinical features. DLL3 in circulating tumor cells was concordant with matched metastatic biopsy (87%). Treatment of DLL3-expressing prostate cancer xenografts with a single dose of SC16LD6.5 resulted in complete and durable responses, whereas DLL3-negative models were insensitive. We highlight a patient with neuroendocrine prostate cancer with a meaningful clinical and radiologic response to SC16LD6.5 when treated on a phase 1 trial. Overall, our findings indicate that DLL3 is preferentially expressed in CRPC-NE and provide rationale for targeting DLL3 in patients with DLL3-positive metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Puca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Katie Gavyert
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Verena Sailer
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vincenza Conteduca
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Etienne Dardenne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Sigouros
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kumiko Isse
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Aram Vosoughi
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Heng Pan
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Samaneh Motanagh
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Judy Hess
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adam J Donoghue
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrea Sboner
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | | | - David Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David M Nanus
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Scott T Tagawa
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Juan Miguel Mosquera
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura Saunders
- AbbVie Stemcentrx LLC, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork Presbyterian, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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13
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Leon K, Hennebold JD, Fei SS, Young KA. Transcriptome analysis during photostimulated recrudescence reveals distinct patterns of gene regulation in Siberian hamster ovaries†. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:539-559. [PMID: 31724051 PMCID: PMC7068109 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Siberian hamsters, exposure to short days (SDs, 8 h light:16 h dark) reduces reproductive function centrally by decreasing gonadotropin secretion, whereas subsequent transfer of photoinhibited hamsters to stimulatory long days (LDs, 16 L:8 D) promotes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release inducing ovarian recrudescence. Although differences between SD and LD ovaries have been investigated, a systematic investigation of the ovarian transcriptome across photoperiod groups to identify potentially novel factors that contribute to photostimulated restoration of ovarian function had not been conducted. Hamsters were assigned to one of four photoperiod groups: LD to maintain ovarian cyclicity, SD to induce ovarian regression, or post transfer (PT), where females housed in SD for 14-weeks were transferred to LD for 2-days or 1-week to reflect photostimulated ovaries prior to (PTd2) and following (PTw1) the return of systemic FSH. Ovarian RNA was extracted to create RNA-sequencing libraries and short-read sequencing Illumina assays that mapped and quantified the ovarian transcriptomes (n = 4/group). Ovarian and uterine masses, plasma FSH, and numbers of antral follicles and corpora lutea decreased in SD as compared to LD ovaries (P < 0.05). When reads were aligned to the mouse genome, 18 548 genes were sufficiently quantified. Most of the differentially expressed genes noted between functional LD ovaries and regressed SD ovaries; however, five main expression patterns were identified across photoperiod groups. These results, generally corroborated by select protein immunostaining, provide a map of photoregulated ovary function and identify novel genes that may contribute to the photostimulated resumption of ovarian activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Leon
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Suzanne S Fei
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Kelly A Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA
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14
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Transcription Factors That Govern Development and Disease: An Achilles Heel in Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100794. [PMID: 31614829 PMCID: PMC6826716 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development requires the careful orchestration of several biological events in order to create any structure and, eventually, to build an entire organism. On the other hand, the fate transformation of terminally differentiated cells is a consequence of erroneous development, and ultimately leads to cancer. In this review, we elaborate how development and cancer share several biological processes, including molecular controls. Transcription factors (TF) are at the helm of both these processes, among many others, and are evolutionarily conserved, ranging from yeast to humans. Here, we discuss four families of TFs that play a pivotal role and have been studied extensively in both embryonic development and cancer—high mobility group box (HMG), GATA, paired box (PAX) and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) in the context of their role in development, cancer, and their conservation across several species. Finally, we review TFs as possible therapeutic targets for cancer and reflect on the importance of natural resistance against cancer in certain organisms, yielding knowledge regarding TF function and cancer biology.
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15
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Dugo M, Devecchi A, De Cecco L, Cecchin E, Mezzanzanica D, Sensi M, Bagnoli M. Focal Recurrent Copy Number Alterations Characterize Disease Relapse in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients with Good Clinical Prognosis: A Pilot Study. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090678. [PMID: 31491988 PMCID: PMC6770978 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) retains high molecular heterogeneity and genomic instability, which currently limit the treatment opportunities. HGSOC patients receiving complete cytoreduction (R0) at primary surgery and platinum-based therapy may unevenly experience early disease relapse, in spite of their clinically favorable prognosis. To identify distinctive traits of the genomic landscape guiding tumor progression, we focused on the R0 patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma (TCGA-OV) dataset and classified them according to their time to relapse (TTR) from surgery. We included in the study two groups of R0-TCGA patients experiencing substantially different outcome: Resistant (R; TTR ≤ 12 months; n = 11) and frankly Sensitive (fS; TTR ≥ 24 months; n = 16). We performed an integrated clinical, RNA-Sequencing, exome and somatic copy number alteration (sCNA) data analysis. No significant differences in mutational landscape were detected, although the lack of BRCA-related mutational signature characterized the R group. Focal sCNA analysis showed a higher frequency of amplification in R group and deletions in fS group respectively, involving cytobands not commonly detected by recurrent sCNA analysis. Functional analysis of focal sCNA with a concordantly altered gene expression identified in R group a gain in Notch, and interferon signaling and fatty acid metabolism. We are aware of the constraints related to the low number of OC cases analyzed. It is worth noting, however, that the sCNA identified in this exploratory analysis and characterizing Pt-resistance are novel, deserving validation in a wider cohort of patients achieving complete surgical debulking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Devecchi
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Molecular Therapy Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Sensi
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Molecular Therapy Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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16
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Kamińska A, Pardyak L, Marek S, Wróbel K, Kotula-Balak M, Bilińska B, Hejmej A. Notch signaling regulates nuclear androgen receptor AR and membrane androgen receptor ZIP9 in mouse Sertoli cells. Andrology 2019; 8:457-472. [PMID: 31468707 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling pathway is involved in contact-dependent communication between the cells of seminiferous epithelium, and its proper activity is important for undisturbed spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVES The aim was to assess the effect of Notch pathway inhibition on the expression of nuclear (AR) and membrane (ZIP9) androgen receptors and androgen-regulated genes, claudin-5 and claudin-11, in TM4 mouse Sertoli cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS DAPT (γ-secretase inhibitor) treatment and recombination signal binding protein silencing were employed to reduce Notch signaling, whereas immobilized ligands were used to activate Notch pathway in TM4 cells. To reveal specific effect of each androgen receptor, AR or ZIP9 silencing was performed. RESULTS Notch pathway inhibition increased the expression of AR and ZIP9 mRNA and proteins (p < 0.01; p < 0.05) in TM4 cells, whereas incubation with Notch ligands, rDLL1 or rJAG1, reduced AR (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) and ZIP9 (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) expressions, respectively. Testosterone enhanced the expression of both receptors (p < 0.05; p < 0.01). Androgen-regulated claudin-5 and claudin-11 (p < 0.01; p < 0.001) and cAMP (p < 0.001) were elevated in Notch-inhibited cells, while activation of Notch signaling by DLL1 or JAG1 reduced claudin-11 or claudin-5 level (p < 0.01; p < 0.001), respectively. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate opposite effect of Notch and androgen signaling on the expression of androgen receptors in TM4 cells. We demonstrated that AR expression is regulated by DLL1-mediated Notch signaling, whereas JAG1 is involved in the regulation of ZIP9. The expression of both claudins and cAMP production is under inhibitory influence of Notch pathway. The effects of Notch signaling on claudin-5 and claudin-11 expression are mediated by ZIP9 and AR, respectively. CONCLUSION Notch signaling may be considered as an important pathway controlling Sertoli cell physiology, and its alterations may contribute to disturbed response of Sertoli cells to androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - L Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - S Marek
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Wróbel
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology & Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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17
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Ahmed AA, Robinson T, Palande M, Escara-Wilke J, Dai J, Keller ET. Targeted Notch1 inhibition with a Notch1 antibody, OMP-A2G1, decreases tumor growth in two murine models of prostate cancer in association with differing patterns of DNA damage response gene expression. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:16946-16955. [PMID: 31099068 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Notch plays a protumorigenic role in many cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). Global notch inhibition of multiple Notch family members using γ-secretase inhibitors has shown efficacy in suppressing PCa growth in murine models. However, global Notch inhibition is associated with marked toxicity due to the widespread function of many different Notch family members in normal cell physiology. Accordingly, in the current study, we explored if specific inhibition of Notch1 would effectively inhibit PCa growth in a murine model. The androgen-dependent VCaP and androgen-independent DU145 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into mice. The mice were treated with either control antibody 1B7.11, anti-Notch1 antibody (OMP-A2G1), docetaxel or the combination of OMP-A2G1 and docetaxel. Tumor growth was measured using calipers. At the end of the study, tumors were assessed for proliferative response, apoptotic response, Notch target gene expression, and DNA damage response (DDR) expression. OMP-A2G1 alone inhibited tumor growth of both PCa cell lines to a greater extent than docetaxel alone. There was no additive or synergistic effect of OMP-A2G1 and docetaxel. The primary toxicity was weight loss that was controlled with dietary supplementation. Proliferation and apoptosis were affected differentially in the two cell lines. OMP-A2G1 increased expression of the DDR gene GADD45α in VCaP cells but downregulated GADD45α in Du145 cells. Taken together, these data show that Notch1 inhibition decreases PCa xenograft growth but does so through different mechanisms in the androgen-dependent VCaP cell line vs the androgen-independent DU145 cell line. These results provide a rationale for further exploration of targeted Notch inhibition for therapy of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqila A Ahmed
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tyler Robinson
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Monica Palande
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Jinlu Dai
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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18
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Fortini F, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Lambertini E, Pannuti A, Peiffer DS, Balla C, Rizzo P. Estrogen-mediated protection against coronary heart disease: The role of the Notch pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:87-100. [PMID: 30817989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen regulates a plethora of biological processes, under physiological and pathological conditions, by affecting key pathways involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, fate, survival and metabolism. The Notch receptors are mediators of communication between adjacent cells and are key determinants of cell fate during development and in postnatal life. Crosstalk between estrogen and the Notch pathway intervenes in many processes underlying the development and maintenance of the cardiovascular system. The identification of molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between these types of endocrine and juxtacrine signaling are leading to a deeper understanding of physiological conditions regulated by these steroid hormones and, potentially, to novel therapeutic approaches to prevent pathologies linked to reduced levels of estrogen, such as coronary heart disease, and cardiotoxicity caused by hormone therapy for estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannuti
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Daniel S Peiffer
- Oncology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago: Health Sciences Division, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristina Balla
- Cardiovascular Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Rizzo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, RA, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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19
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Neural Transcription Factors in Disease Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1210:437-462. [PMID: 31900920 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32656-2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progression to the malignant state is fundamentally dependent on transcriptional regulation in cancer cells. Optimum abundance of cell cycle proteins, angiogenesis factors, immune evasion markers, etc. is needed for proliferation, metastasis or resistance to treatment. Therefore, dysregulation of transcription factors can compromise the normal prostate transcriptional network and contribute to malignant disease progression.The androgen receptor (AR) is considered to be a key transcription factor in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. Consequently, androgen pathway inhibitors (APIs) are currently the mainstay in PCa treatment, especially in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, emerging evidence suggests that with increased administration of potent APIs, prostate cancer can progress to a highly aggressive disease that morphologically resembles small cell carcinoma, which is referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), treatment-induced or treatment-emergent small cell prostate cancer. This chapter will review how neuronal transcription factors play a part in inducing a plastic stage in prostate cancer cells that eventually progresses to a more aggressive state such as NEPC.
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20
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Zilkowski I, Ziouti F, Schulze A, Hauck S, Schmidt S, Mainz L, Sauer M, Albrecht K, Jundt F, Groll J. Nanogels Enable Efficient miRNA Delivery and Target Gene Downregulation in Transfection-Resistant Multiple Myeloma Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 20:916-926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Zilkowski
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fani Ziouti
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andres Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hauck
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mainz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Chair for Biotechnology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Krystyna Albrecht
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Jundt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Ménard M, Costechareyre C, Ichim G, Blachier J, Neves D, Jarrosson-Wuilleme L, Depping R, Koster J, Saintigny P, Mehlen P, Tauszig-Delamasure S. Hey1- and p53-dependent TrkC proapoptotic activity controls neuroblastoma growth. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2002912. [PMID: 29750782 PMCID: PMC5965893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC/NTRK3) has been described as a dependence receptor and, as such, triggers apoptosis in the absence of its ligand NT-3. This proapoptotic activity has been proposed to confer a tumor suppressor activity to this classic tyrosine kinase receptor (RTK). By investigating interacting partners that might facilitate TrkC-induced cell death, we have identified the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor Hey1 and importin-α3 (karyopherin alpha 4 [KPNA4]) as direct interactors of TrkC intracellular domain, and we show that Hey1 is required for TrkC-induced apoptosis. We propose here that the cleaved proapoptotic portion of TrkC intracellular domain (called TrkC killer-fragment [TrkC-KF]) is translocated to the nucleus by importins and interacts there with Hey1. We also demonstrate that Hey1 and TrkC-KF transcriptionally silence mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), thus contributing to p53 stabilization. p53 transcriptionally regulates the expression of TrkC-KF cytoplasmic and mitochondrial interactors cofactor of breast cancer 1 (COBRA1) and B cell lymphoma 2–associated X (BAX), which will subsequently trigger the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Of interest, TrkC was proposed to constrain tumor progression in neuroblastoma (NB), and we demonstrate in an avian model that TrkC tumor suppressor activity requires Hey1 and p53. Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TrkC) is a transmembrane receptor at the cell surface and has been described to work paradoxically both as an oncogene and as a tumor suppressor. We partly solved this paradox in a previous study, demonstrating that TrkC is a double-facet receptor: Upon interaction with its ligand neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), TrkC has a tyrosine kinase activity and induces survival and proliferation of the cell; conversely, in the absence of the ligand, TrkC is cleaved and releases a "killer-fragment" that triggers apoptosis. In this study, we analyze the fate of this fragment and show that TrkC killer-fragment is translocated to the nucleus, where it stabilizes the apoptosis inducer p53. We further find that p53 activates the transcription of cytoplasmic molecular partners, which interact with TrkC killer-fragment and induce apoptosis. We also demonstrate that alteration of this mechanism favors tumor growth in neuroblastoma (NB), an avian tumor progression model for a pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Ménard
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clélia Costechareyre
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jonathan Blachier
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Neves
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Loraine Jarrosson-Wuilleme
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Reinhard Depping
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Physiologie, Zentrum für Medizinische Struktur und Zellbiologie, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Department of translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Department of translational Research and Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (PM); (ST)
| | - Servane Tauszig-Delamasure
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory—Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- * E-mail: (PM); (ST)
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22
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Kamińska A, Pardyak L, Marek S, Górowska-Wójtowicz E, Kotula-Balak M, Bilińska B, Hejmej A. Bisphenol A and dibutyl phthalate affect the expression of juxtacrine signaling factors in rat testis. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:182-190. [PMID: 29438945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The study was designed to examine the effects of model plastic derived compounds, bisphenol A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), on juxtacrine communication in adult rat testis, by evaluating the expression of Notch pathway components. Testicular explant were exposed in vitro to BPA (5 × 10-6 M, 2.5 × 10-5 M, 5 × 10-5 M) or DBP (10-6 M, 10-5 M, 10-4 M) for 24 h. To determine the expression of Notch1, Dll4, Hey1, Hes1 and Hey5 real-time RT-PCR was used. Protein levels and localization of NOTCH1 receptor, its ligand DLL4 as well as HEY1, HES1 and HEY5 factors were detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Upregulation of Notch1, Dll4 and Hey1 at the mRNA and protein level was demonstrated in testis explants after BPA and DBP treatment (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Hes5 expression decreased after BPA (p < 0.05; p < 0.01; p < 0.001), whereas Hes1 expression was not altered by either BPA or DBP. Tested chemicals altered immunoexpression of activated NOTCH1, DLL4, HEY1 and HES5 both in seminiferous epithelium and interstitial tissue, exerting differential effects on particular cell types. In conclusion, BPA and DBP affect Notch signaling pathway in rat testis, which indicates that juxtacrine communication is a potential target for the action of plastic derived compounds in male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Marek
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Górowska-Wójtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bilińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Hejmej
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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23
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Tsung AJ, Guda MR, Asuthkar S, Labak CM, Purvis IJ, Lu Y, Jain N, Bach SE, Prasad DVR, Velpula KK. Methylation regulates HEY1 expression in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44398-44409. [PMID: 28574840 PMCID: PMC5546488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most lethal and difficult-to-treat cancers of the central nervous system. The poor prognosis in GBM patients is due in part to its resistance to available treatments, which calls for identifying novel molecular therapeutic targets. In this study, we identified a mediator of Notch signaling, HEY1, whose methylation status contributes to the pathogenesis of GBM. Datamining studies, immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis showed that HEY1 is highly expressed in GBM patient specimens. Since methylation status of HEY1 may control its expression, we conducted bisulphite sequencing on patient samples and found that the HEY1 promoter region was hypermethylated in normal brain when compared to GBM specimens. Treatment on 4910 and 5310 xenograft cell lines with sodium butyrate (NaB) significantly decreased HEY1 expression with a concomitant increase in DNMT1 expression, confirming that promoter methylation may regulate HEY1 expression in GBM. NaB treatment also induced apoptosis of GBM cells as measured by flow cytometric analysis. Further, silencing of HEY1 reduced invasion, migration and proliferation in 4910 and 5310 cells. Furthermore, immunoblot and q-PCR analysis showed the existence of a potential positive regulatory loop between HEY1 and p53. Additionally, transcription factor interaction array with HEY1 recombinant protein predicted a correlation with p53 and provided various bonafide targets of HEY1. Collectively, these studies suggest HEY1 may be an important predictive marker for GBM and potential target for future GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Tsung
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Illinois Neurological Institute, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Maheedhara R Guda
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Swapna Asuthkar
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Collin M Labak
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Ian J Purvis
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Yining Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Neha Jain
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Kiran K Velpula
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, India
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24
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Cha S, Shin DH, Seok JR, Myung JK. Differential proteome expression analysis of androgen-dependent and -independent pathways in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:215-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Perrone S, Zubeldia-Brenner L, Gazza E, Demarchi G, Baccarini L, Baricalla A, Mertens F, Luque G, Vankelecom H, Berner S, Becu-Villalobos D, Cristina C. Notch system is differentially expressed and activated in pituitary adenomas of distinct histotype, tumor cell lines and normal pituitaries. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57072-57088. [PMID: 28915655 PMCID: PMC5593626 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are among the most frequent intracranial neoplasms and treatment depends on tumor subtype and clinical features. Unfortunately, non responder cases occur, then new molecular targets are needed. Notch system component expression and activation data are scarce in pituitary tumorigenesis, we therefore aimed to characterize Notch system in pituitary tumors of different histotype. In human pituitary adenomas we showed NOTCH1-4 receptors, JAGGED1 ligand and HES1 target gene expression with positive correlations between NOTCH1,2,4 and HES1, and NOTCH3 and JAGGED1 denoting Notch system activation in a subset of tumors. Importantly, NOTCH3 positive cells were higher in corticotropinomas and somatotropinomas compared to non functioning adenomas. In accordance, Notch activation was evidenced in AtT20 tumor corticotropes, with higher levels of NOTCH1-3 active domains, Jagged1 and Hes1 compared to normal pituitary. In the prolactinoma cell lines GH3 and MMQ, in vivo GH3 tumors and normal glands, Notch system activation was lower than in corticotropes. In MMQ cells only the NOTCH2 active domain was increased, whereas NOTCH1 active domain was higher in GH3 tumors. High levels of Jagged1 and Dll1 were found solely in GH3 cells, and Hes1, Hey1 and Hey2 were expressed in a model dependent pattern. Prolactinomas harbored by lacDrd2KO mice expressed high levels of NOTCH1 active domain and reduced Hes1. We show a differential expression of Notch system components in tumoral and normal pituitaries and specific Notch system involvement depending on adenoma histotype, with higher activation in corticotropinomas. These data suggest that targeting Notch pathway may benefit non responder pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Perrone
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Elias Gazza
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gianina Demarchi
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leticia Baccarini
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustin Baricalla
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Freya Mertens
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Research Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillermina Luque
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME-CONICET, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, Research Unit of Stem Cell Research, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N4, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Berner
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Clínica Santa Isabel, C1406GZJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Carolina Cristina
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CITNOBA (UNNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, 2700 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Frank SB, Berger PL, Ljungman M, Miranti CK. Human prostate luminal cell differentiation requires NOTCH3 induction by p38-MAPK and MYC. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1952-1964. [PMID: 28446540 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.197152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathways dysregulated in prostate cancer are also involved in epithelial differentiation. To better understand prostate tumor initiation, we sought to investigate specific genes and mechanisms required for normal basal to luminal cell differentiation. Utilizing human prostate basal epithelial cells and an in vitro differentiation model, we tested the hypothesis that regulation of NOTCH3 by the p38 MAPK family (hereafter p38-MAPK), via MYC, is required for luminal differentiation. Inhibition (SB202190 and BIRB796) or knockdown of p38α (also known as MAPK14) and/or p38δ (also known as MAPK13) prevented proper differentiation. Additionally, treatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (RO4929097) or knockdown of NOTCH1 and/or NOTCH3 greatly impaired differentiation and caused luminal cell death. Constitutive p38-MAPK activation through MKK6(CA) increased NOTCH3 (but not NOTCH1) mRNA and protein levels, which was diminished upon MYC inhibition (10058-F4 and JQ1) or knockdown. Furthermore, we validated two NOTCH3 enhancer elements through a combination of enhancer (e)RNA detection (BruUV-seq) and luciferase reporter assays. Finally, we found that the NOTCH3 mRNA half-life increased during differentiation or upon acute p38-MAPK activation. These results reveal a new connection between p38-MAPK, MYC and NOTCH signaling, demonstrate two mechanisms of NOTCH3 regulation and provide evidence for NOTCH3 involvement in prostate luminal cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander B Frank
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.,Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Penny L Berger
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Translational Oncology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling and Tumorigenesis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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27
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Xie Q, Cheng Z, Chen X, Lobe CG, Liu J. The role of Notch signalling in ovarian angiogenesis. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:13. [PMID: 28284219 PMCID: PMC5346233 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In adults, the ovary is characterized with extensive angiogenesis and regular intervals of rapid growth. Ovarian function is dependent on the network of angiogenic vessels which enable the follicle and/or corpus luteum to receive oxygen, nutrients and hormonal support. Abnormal angiogenesis is involved in the induction and development of pathological ovary, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian cancer. Notch signalling pathway is one of the primary regulators of angiogenesis and a therapeutic target for ovarian diseases. Here, we will review literatures on the expression pattern of Notch pathway components in the ovary and on the role of Notch signalling pathway on ovarian angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuowang Cheng
- Taishan Medical College, Taian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Karim S, Al-Maghrabi JA, Farsi HMA, Al-Sayyad AJ, Schulten HJ, Buhmeida A, Mirza Z, Al-Boogmi AA, Ashgan FT, Shabaad MM, NourEldin HF, Al-Ghamdi KBM, Abuzenadah A, Chaudhary AGA, Al-Qahtani MH. Cyclin D1 as a therapeutic target of renal cell carcinoma- a combined transcriptomics, tissue microarray and molecular docking study from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:741. [PMID: 27766950 PMCID: PMC5073805 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2775-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a seventh ranked malignancy with poor prognosis. RCC is lethal at metastatic stage as it does not respond to conventional systemic treatments, and there is an urgent need to find out promising novel biomarkers for effective treatment. The goal of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers that can be potential therapeutic target and predict effective inhibitors to treat the metastatic stage of RCC. METHODS We conducted transcriptomic profiling to identify differentially expressed genes associated with RCC. Molecular pathway analysis was done to identify the canonical pathways and their role in RCC. Tissue microarrays (TMA) based immunohistochemical stains were used to validate the protein expression of cyclinD1 (CCND1) and were scored semi-quantitatively from 0 to 3+ on the basis of absence or presence of staining intensity in the tumor cell. Statistical analysis determined the association of CCND1 expression with RCC. Molecular docking analyses were performed to check the potential of two natural inhibitors, rutin and curcumin to bind CCND1. RESULTS We detected 1490 significantly expressed genes (1034, upregulated and 456, downregulated) in RCC using cutoff fold change 2 and p value < 0.05. Hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (HEY1), neuropilin 2 (NRP2), lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), and histone cluster 1 H3h (HIST1H3H) were most upregulated while aldolase B, fructose-bisphosphate (ALDOB), solute carrier family 12 (SLC12A1), calbindin 1 (CALB1) were the most down regulated genes in our dataset. Functional analysis revealed Wnt/β-catenin signaling as the significantly activated canonical pathway (z score = 2.53) involving cyclin D1 (CCND1). CCND1 was overexpressed in transcriptomic studies (FC = 2.26, p value = 0.0047) and TMA results also showed the positive expression of CCND1 in 53 % (73/139) of RCC cases. The ligands - rutin and curcumin bounded with CCND1 with good affinity. CONCLUSION CCND1 was one of the important upregulated gene identified in microarray and validated by TMA. Docking study showed that CCND1 may act as a potential therapeutic target and its inhibition could focus on the migratory, invasive, and metastatic potential of RCC. Further in vivo and in vitro molecular studies are needed to investigate the therapeutic target potential of CCND1 for RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Karim
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jaudah A Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan M A Farsi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad J Al-Sayyad
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Juergen Schulten
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa A Al-Boogmi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fai T Ashgan
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M Shabaad
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend F NourEldin
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid B M Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,KACST Innovation Center for Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G A Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Kwon OJ, Zhang L, Wang J, Su Q, Feng Q, Zhang XHF, Mani SA, Paulter R, Creighton CJ, Ittmann MM, Xin L. Notch promotes tumor metastasis in a prostate-specific Pten-null mouse model. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2626-41. [PMID: 27294523 DOI: 10.1172/jci84637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Notch signaling is deregulated in prostate cancer, the role of this pathway in disease development and progression is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed 2 human prostate cancer data sets and found that higher Notch signaling correlates with increased metastatic potential and worse disease survival rates. We used the Pten-null mouse prostate cancer model to investigate the function of Notch signaling in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Disruption of the transcription factor RBPJ in Pten-null mice revealed that endogenous canonical Notch signaling is not required for disease initiation and progression. However, augmentation of Notch activity in this model promoted both proliferation and apoptosis of prostate epithelial cells, which collectively reduced the primary tumor burden. The increase in cellular apoptosis was linked to DNA damage-induced p53 activation. Despite a reduced primary tumor burden, Notch activation in Pten-null mice promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition and FOXC2-dependent tumor metastases but did not confer resistance to androgen deprivation. Notch activation also resulted in transformation of seminal vesicle epithelial cells in Pten-null mice. Our study highlights a multifaceted role for Notch signaling in distinct aspects of prostate cancer biology and supports Notch as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancer.
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30
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HEY1 functions are regulated by its phosphorylation at Ser-68. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160123. [PMID: 27129302 PMCID: PMC5293587 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HEY1-dependent activation of the p53 tumour suppressor pathway can be inhibited through direct phosphorylation of HEY1 at Ser-68 located in the bHLH domain. STK38 and STK38L serine/threonine kinases can phosphorylate HEY1 Ser-68 and could modulate its biological function. HEY1 (hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif 1) is a member of the basic helix–loop–helix-orange (bHLH-O) family of transcription repressors that mediate Notch signalling. HEY1 acts as a positive regulator of the tumour suppressor p53 via still unknown mechanisms. A MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis has uncovered a novel HEY1 regulatory phosphorylation event at Ser-68. Strikingly, this single phosphorylation event controls HEY1 stability and function: simulation of HEY1 Ser-68 phosphorylation increases HEY1 protein stability but inhibits its ability to enhance p53 transcriptional activity. Unlike wild-type HEY1, expression of the phosphomimetic mutant HEY1-S68D failed to induce p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and it did not sensitize U2OS cells to p53-activating chemotherapeutic drugs. We have identified two related kinases, STK38 (serine/threonine kinase 38) and STK38L (serine/threonine kinase 38 like), which interact with and phosphorylate HEY1 at Ser-68. HEY1 is phosphorylated at Ser-68 during mitosis and it accumulates in the centrosomes of mitotic cells, suggesting a possible integration of HEY1-dependent signalling in centrosome function. Moreover, HEY1 interacts with a subset of p53-activating ribosomal proteins. Ribosomal stress causes HEY1 relocalization from the nucleoplasm to perinucleolar structures termed nucleolar caps. HEY1 interacts physically with at least one of the ribosomal proteins, RPL11, and both proteins cooperate in the inhibition of MDM2-mediated p53 degradation resulting in a synergistic positive effect on p53 transcriptional activity. HEY1 itself also interacts directly with MDM2 and it is subjected to MDM2-mediated degradation. Simulation of HEY1 Ser-68 phosphorylation prevents its interaction with p53, RPL11 and MDM2 and abolishes HEY1 migration to nucleolar caps upon ribosomal stress. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism for cross-talk between Notch signalling and nucleolar stress.
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Meunier A, Belle VA, McDermott N, Rivera-Figueroa K, Perry A, Lynch T, Redalen KR, Marignol L. Hypoxia regulates Notch-3 mRNA and receptor activation in prostate cancer cells. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00104. [PMID: 27441277 PMCID: PMC4946174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch-3 receptor is a recognized key regulator of vascular responses and is increasingly associated with tumorigenesis. Hypoxia-inducible factors activate specific signaling pathways such as Notch in a number of cellular models. This study aimed to evaluate the regulation of Notch-3 by hypoxia in prostate cancer cells. Notch-3 gene and protein expression was established in a panel of aerobic and hypoxic prostate cell lines in vitro, the CWR22 xenograft model and RNA extracted from low grade (Gleason score < = 6); high grade (Gleason score > = 7); non-hypoxic (low HIF, low VEGF); hypoxic (high HIF, high VEGF) patient FFPE specimens. NOTCH-3 was upregulated in PC3 (3-fold), 22Rv1 (4.1-fold) and DU145 (3.8-fold) but downregulated in LnCaP (12-fold) compared to the normal cell lines. NOTCH-3 expression was modified following hypoxic exposure in these cells. NOTCH-3 was upregulated (2.2-fold) in higher grade and hypoxic tumors, when compared to benign and aerobic pools. In the CWR22 xenograft model, Notch-3 expression was restored in castrate resistant tumors. Nuclear translocation of the Notch-3 intracellular domain was no longer detected following exposure of cells to hypoxia but not associated with a change in expression of HES-1. Our data further identifies Notch-3 as a potentially key hypoxic-responsive member of the Notch pathway in prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Meunier
- Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Niamh McDermott
- Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Antoinette Perry
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Urology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Laure Marignol
- Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland,Corresponding author at: Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James’s Hospital, Dublin.
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DePriest AD, Fiandalo MV, Schlanger S, Heemers F, Mohler JL, Liu S, Heemers HV. Regulators of Androgen Action Resource: a one-stop shop for the comprehensive study of androgen receptor action. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2016; 2016:bav125. [PMID: 26876983 PMCID: PMC4752970 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is the main target for treatment of non-organ-confined prostate cancer (CaP). Failure of life-prolonging AR-targeting androgen deprivation therapy is due to flexibility in steroidogenic pathways that control intracrine androgen levels and variability in the AR transcriptional output. Androgen biosynthesis enzymes, androgen transporters and AR-associated coregulators are attractive novel CaP treatment targets. These proteins, however, are characterized by multiple transcript variants and isoforms, are subject to genomic alterations, and are differentially expressed among CaPs. Determining their therapeutic potential requires evaluation of extensive, diverse datasets that are dispersed over multiple databases, websites and literature reports. Mining and integrating these datasets are cumbersome, time-consuming tasks and provide only snapshots of relevant information. To overcome this impediment to effective, efficient study of AR and potential drug targets, we developed the Regulators of Androgen Action Resource (RAAR), a non-redundant, curated and user-friendly searchable web interface. RAAR centralizes information on gene function, clinical relevance, and resources for 55 genes that encode proteins involved in biosynthesis, metabolism and transport of androgens and for 274 AR-associated coregulator genes. Data in RAAR are organized in two levels: (i) Information pertaining to production of androgens is contained in a ‘pre-receptor level’ database, and coregulator gene information is provided in a ‘post-receptor level’ database, and (ii) an ‘other resources’ database contains links to additional databases that are complementary to and useful to pursue further the information provided in RAAR. For each of its 329 entries, RAAR provides access to more than 20 well-curated publicly available databases, and thus, access to thousands of data points. Hyperlinks provide direct access to gene-specific entries in the respective database(s). RAAR is a novel, freely available resource that provides fast, reliable and easy access to integrated information that is needed to develop alternative CaP therapies. Database URL: http://www.lerner.ccf.org/cancerbio/heemers/RAAR/search/
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Schlanger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - James L Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA Department of Urology Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Su Q, Xin L. Notch signaling in prostate cancer: refining a therapeutic opportunity. Histol Histopathol 2016; 31:149-57. [PMID: 26521657 PMCID: PMC4822406 DOI: 10.14670/hh-11-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notch is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays a critical role in specifying cell fate and regulating tissue homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Studies using organ cultures and genetically engineered mouse models have demonstrated that Notch signaling regulates prostate development and homeostasis. However, the role of the Notch signaling pathway in prostate cancer remains inconclusive. Many published studies have documented consistent deregulation of major Notch signaling components in human prostate cancer cell lines, mouse models for prostate cancers, and human prostate cancer specimens at both the mRNA and the protein levels. However, functional studies in human cancer cells by modulation of Notch pathway elements suggest both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of Notch. These controversies may originate from our inadequate understanding of the regulation of Notch signaling under versatile genetic contexts, and reflect the multifaceted and pleiotropic roles of Notch in regulating different aspects of prostate cancer cell biology, such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemo-resistance. Future comprehensive studies using various mouse models for prostate cancer may help clarify the role of Notch signaling in prostate cancer and provide a solid basis for determining whether and how Notch should be employed as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtai Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Immunology and Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hayashi T, Gust KM, Wyatt AW, Goriki A, Jäger W, Awrey S, Li N, Oo HZ, Altamirano-Dimas M, Buttyan R, Fazli L, Matsubara A, Black PC. Not all NOTCH Is Created Equal: The Oncogenic Role of NOTCH2 in Bladder Cancer and Its Implications for Targeted Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:2981-92. [PMID: 26769750 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent molecular analyses of bladder cancer open the door to significant advances in targeted therapies. NOTCH has been identified as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer, but prior reports have focused on NOTCH1 Here we hypothesized that NOTCH2 is an oncogene suitable for therapeutic targeting in bladder cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied genomic aberrations of NOTCH, compared survival and tumor progression according to NOTCH2 expression levels, and studied NOTCH2 function in vitro and vivo RESULTS We report a high rate of NOTCH2 copy number gain in bladder cancer. High NOTCH2 expression was identified especially in the basal subtype and in mesenchymal tumors. NOTCH2 activation correlated with adverse disease parameters and worse prognosis by immunohistochemistry. Forced overexpression of the intracellular domain of NOTCH2 (N2ICD) induced cell growth and invasion by cell-cycle progression, maintenance of stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These effects were abrogated by silencing of CSL, indicating that the effects were mediated through the canonical NOTCH signaling pathway. In an orthotopic xenograft model, forced overexpression of N2ICD increased growth, invasion, and metastasis. To explore the potential for therapeutic targeting of NOTCH2, we first silenced the receptor with shRNA and subsequently treated with a specific inhibitory antibody. Both interventions decreased cell growth, invasion, and metastasis in vitro and in the orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that NOTCH2 acts as an oncogene that promotes bladder cancer growth and metastasis through EMT, cell-cycle progression, and maintenance of stemness. Inhibition of NOTCH2 is a rational novel treatment strategy for invasive bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2981-92. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsutaro Hayashi
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kilian M Gust
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Akihiro Goriki
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon Awrey
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Na Li
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Htoo Zarni Oo
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Manuel Altamirano-Dimas
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Peter C Black
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Pedrosa AR, Graça JL, Carvalho S, Peleteiro MC, Duarte A, Trindade A. Notch signaling dynamics in the adult healthy prostate and in prostatic tumor development. Prostate 2016; 76:80-96. [PMID: 26419726 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in prostate development, maintenance and tumorigenesis by its key role in cell-fate determination, differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we proposed to analyze Notch family members transcription and expression, including ligands (Dll1, 3, 4 and Jagged1 and 2), receptors (Notch1-4) and effectors (Hes1, 2, 5 and Hey1, 2, L), in both normal and tumor bearing mouse prostates to better understand the dynamics of Notch signaling in prostate tumorigenesis. METHODS Wild type mice and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model (TRAMP) mice were sacrificed at 18, 24 or 30 weeks of age and the prostates collected and processed for either whole prostate or prostate cell specific populations mRNA analysis and for protein expression analysis by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. RESULTS We observed that Dll1 and Dll4 are expressed in the luminal compartment of the mouse healthy prostate, whereas Jagged2 expression is restricted to the basal and stromal compartment. Additionally, Notch2 and Notch4 are normally expressed in the prostate luminal compartment while Notch2 and Notch3 are also expressed in the stromal layer of the healthy prostate. As prostate tumor development takes place, there is up-regulation of Notch components. Particularly, the prostate tumor lesions have increased expression of Jagged1 and 2, of Notch3 and of Hey1. We have also detected the presence of activated Notch3 in prostatic tumors that co-express Jagged1 and ultimately the Hey1 effector. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our results point out the Notch axis Jagged1-2/Notch3/Hey1 to be important for prostate tumor development and worthy of additional functional studies and validation in human clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Rita Pedrosa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José L Graça
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria C Peleteiro
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Trindade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação em Sanidade Animal (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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36
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Kwon OJ, Zhang L, Xin L. Stem Cell Antigen-1 Identifies a Distinct Androgen-Independent Murine Prostatic Luminal Cell Lineage with Bipotent Potential. Stem Cells 2015; 34:191-202. [PMID: 26418304 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent lineage tracing studies support the existence of prostate luminal progenitors that possess extensive regenerative capacity, but their identity remains unknown. We show that Sca-1 (stem cell antigen-1) identifies a small population of murine prostate luminal cells that reside in the proximal prostatic ducts adjacent to the urethra. Sca-1(+) luminal cells do not express Nkx3.1. They do not carry the secretory function, although they express the androgen receptor. These cells are enriched in the prostates of castrated mice. In the in vitro prostate organoid assay, a small fraction of the Sca-1(+) luminal cells are capable of generating budding organoids that are morphologically distinct from those derived from other cell lineages. Histologically, this type of organoid is composed of multiple inner layers of luminal cells surrounded by multiple outer layers of basal cells. When passaged, these organoids retain their morphological and histological features. Finally, the Sca-1(+) luminal cells are capable of forming small prostate glands containing both basal and luminal cells in an in vivo prostate regeneration assay. Collectively, our study establishes the androgen-independent and bipotent organoid-forming Sca-1(+) luminal cells as a functionally distinct cellular entity. These cells may represent a putative luminal progenitor population and serve as a cellular origin for castration resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zeng Z, Yin X, Zhang X, Jing D, Feng X. Cyclic stretch enhances bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through the inhibition of Hey1. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1273-81. [PMID: 26647760 PMCID: PMC4601743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence has indicated that osteoblastic differentiation may be regulated by mechanical loads or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). BMP-2-induced in vivo osteogenesis can be significantly enhanced in the presence of mechanical stimuli, revealing the therapeutic potential of the combined application of BMP-2 and mechanical loads in clinical bone diseases (e.g., bone fractures and osteoporosis); however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we found that cyclic stretch or BMP-2 alone increased the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), as shown by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and ALP activity test. Furthermore, our results revealed that cyclic mechanical stretch with 10% elongation at 0.1 Hz significantly enhanced the BMP-2-induced upregulation of ALP and Runx2 expression in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Cyclic stretch also inhibited the BMP-2-induced upregulation of Hes-related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1 (Hey1, measured by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining), a potent negative regulator of osteogenesis. Moreover, the transient transfection of a Hey1 expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-Hey1) significantly reversed the effects of cyclic stretch on the BMP-2-induced upregulation of differentiation markers in the MC3T3-E1 cells. This revealed the importance of Hey1 in modulating BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation in response to cyclic stretch. Taken together, our results demonstrated that cyclic stretch enhanced the BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through the inhibition of Hey1. The present study broadens our fundamental knowledge of osteoblastic mechanotransduction and also sheds new insight into the mechanisms through which the combined application of BMP-2 and mechanical load promotes osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110840, P.R. China
| | - Da Jing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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38
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Vidyasekar P, Shyamsunder P, Arun R, Santhakumar R, Kapadia NK, Kumar R, Verma RS. Genome Wide Expression Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines Cultured in Microgravity Reveals Significant Dysregulation of Cell Cycle and MicroRNA Gene Networks. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135958. [PMID: 26295583 PMCID: PMC4546578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero gravity causes several changes in metabolic and functional aspects of the human body and experiments in space flight have demonstrated alterations in cancer growth and progression. This study reports the genome wide expression profiling of a colorectal cancer cell line-DLD-1, and a lymphoblast leukemic cell line-MOLT-4, under simulated microgravity in an effort to understand central processes and cellular functions that are dysregulated among both cell lines. Altered cell morphology, reduced cell viability and an aberrant cell cycle profile in comparison to their static controls were observed in both cell lines under microgravity. The process of cell cycle in DLD-1 cells was markedly affected with reduced viability, reduced colony forming ability, an apoptotic population and dysregulation of cell cycle genes, oncogenes, and cancer progression and prognostic markers. DNA microarray analysis revealed 1801 (upregulated) and 2542 (downregulated) genes (>2 fold) in DLD-1 cultures under microgravity while MOLT-4 cultures differentially expressed 349 (upregulated) and 444 (downregulated) genes (>2 fold) under microgravity. The loss in cell proliferative capacity was corroborated with the downregulation of the cell cycle process as demonstrated by functional clustering of DNA microarray data using gene ontology terms. The genome wide expression profile also showed significant dysregulation of post transcriptional gene silencing machinery and multiple microRNA host genes that are potential tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes including MIR22HG, MIR17HG and MIR21HG. The MIR22HG, a tumor-suppressor gene was one of the highest upregulated genes in the microarray data showing a 4.4 log fold upregulation under microgravity. Real time PCR validated the dysregulation in the host gene by demonstrating a 4.18 log fold upregulation of the miR-22 microRNA. Microarray data also showed dysregulation of direct targets of miR-22, SP1, CDK6 and CCNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Vidyasekar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajpranap Arun
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajalakshmi Santhakumar
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Nand Kishore Kapadia
- Department of cardiothoracic Surgery, Global Hospital, Perumbakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of cardiology, Fortis Malar Hospital, Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem cell and Molecular Biology laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is critical for the normal development of prostate and for its differentiated functions. The consistent expression of AR in prostate cancer (PCa), and its continued activity in PCa that relapse after androgen deprivation therapy (castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)), indicate that at least a subset of these genes are also critical for PCa development and progression. This review addressed AR regulated genes that may be critical for PCa, and how AR may acquire new functions during PCa development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Balk
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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George RM, Hahn KL, Rawls A, Viger RS, Wilson-Rawls J. Notch signaling represses GATA4-induced expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis. Reproduction 2015; 150:383-94. [PMID: 26183893 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Notch2 and Notch3 and genes of the Notch signaling network are dynamically expressed in developing follicles, where they are essential for granulosa cell proliferation and meiotic maturation. Notch receptors, ligands, and downstream effector genes are also expressed in testicular Leydig cells, predicting a potential role in regulating steroidogenesis. In this study, we sought to determine if Notch signaling in small follicles regulates the proliferation response of granulosa cells to FSH and represses the up-regulation steroidogenic gene expression that occurs in response to FSH as the follicle grows. Inhibition of Notch signaling in small preantral follicles led to the up-regulation of the expression of genes in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. Similarly, progesterone secretion by MA-10 Leydig cells was significantly inhibited by constitutively active Notch. Together, these data indicated that Notch signaling inhibits steroidogenesis. GATA4 has been shown to be a positive regulator of steroidogenic genes, including STAR protein, P450 aromatase, and 3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. We observed that Notch downstream effectors HEY1, HEY2, and HEYL are able to differentially regulate these GATA4-dependent promoters. These data are supported by the presence of HEY/HES binding sites in these promoters. These studies indicate that Notch signaling has a role in the complex regulation of the steroidogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M George
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Katherine L Hahn
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Alan Rawls
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Robert S Viger
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4 School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
| | - Jeanne Wilson-Rawls
- School of Life SciencesArizona State University, PO Box 874501, Tempe, Arizona 85827-45012, USAReproductionMother and Child Health, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec and Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Quebec City, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of ObstetricsGynecology, and Reproduction, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
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41
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Hey bHLH Proteins Interact with a FBXO45 Containing SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Complex and Induce Its Translocation into the Nucleus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130288. [PMID: 26068074 PMCID: PMC4466309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hey protein family, comprising Hey1, Hey2 and HeyL in mammals, conveys Notch signals in many cell types. The helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain as well as the Orange domain, mediate homo- and heterodimerization of these transcription factors. Although distinct interaction partners have been identified so far, their physiological relevance for Hey functions is still largely unclear. Using a tandem affinity purification approach and mass spectrometry analysis we identified members of an ubiquitin E3-ligase complex consisting of FBXO45, PAM and SKP1 as novel Hey1 associated proteins. There is a direct interaction between Hey1 and FBXO45, whereas FBXO45 is needed to mediate indirect Hey1 binding to SKP1. Expression of Hey1 induces translocation of FBXO45 and PAM into the nucleus. Hey1 is a short-lived protein that is degraded by the proteasome, but there is no evidence for FBXO45-dependent ubiquitination of Hey1. On the contrary, Hey1 mediated nuclear translocation of FBXO45 and its associated ubiquitin ligase complex may extend its spectrum to additional nuclear targets triggering their ubiquitination. This suggests a novel mechanism of action for Hey bHLH factors.
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Grishina IB. Mini-review: Does Notch promote or suppress cancer? New findings and old controversies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2015; 3:24-27. [PMID: 26069884 PMCID: PMC4446379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling in tumorigenesis and cancer progression presents a certain enigma. Numerous experimental studies reported significant effects in cancer, yet of varying magnitude and opposite sign. This mini review is aimed to streamline our understanding of the Notch role in tumor progression, and outline future experiments to clarify the modality of Notch function and perspectives of the Notch-based anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Grishina
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicineNew York, NY 10010
- Department of Biology, New York City College of Technology, City University of New YorkBrooklyn, NY, 11201
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York, NY 10065
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43
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Carvalho FLF, Marchionni L, Gupta A, Kummangal BA, Schaeffer EM, Ross AE, Berman DM. HES6 promotes prostate cancer aggressiveness independently of Notch signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2015; 19:1624-36. [PMID: 25864518 PMCID: PMC4511360 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of cancers, but its role in prostate cancer is poorly understood. However, selected Notch pathway members are overrepresented in high-grade prostate cancers. We comprehensively profiled Notch pathway components in prostate cells and found prostate cancer-specific up-regulation of NOTCH3 and HES6. Their expression was particularly high in androgen responsive lines. Up- and down-regulating Notch in these cells modulated expression of canonical Notch targets, HES1 and HEY1, which could also be induced by androgen. Surprisingly, androgen treatment also suppressed Notch receptor expression, suggesting that androgens can activate Notch target genes in a receptor-independent manner. Using a Notch-sensitive Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) reporter assay, we found that basal levels of Notch signalling were significantly lower in prostate cancer cells compared to benign cells. Accordingly pharmacological Notch pathway blockade did not inhibit cancer cell growth or viability. In contrast to canonical Notch targets, HES6, a HES family member known to antagonize Notch signalling, was not regulated by Notch signalling, but relied instead on androgen levels, both in cultured cells and in human cancer tissues. When engineered into prostate cancer cells, reduced levels of HES6 resulted in reduced cancer cell invasion and clonogenic growth. By molecular profiling, we identified potential roles for HES6 in regulating hedgehog signalling, apoptosis and cell migration. Our results did not reveal any cell-autonomous roles for canonical Notch signalling in prostate cancer. However, the results do implicate HES6 as a promoter of prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe L F Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anuj Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Basheer A Kummangal
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward M Schaeffer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Brady Institute of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley E Ross
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Brady Institute of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Brady Institute of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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44
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Notch signaling in the prostate: critical roles during development and in the hallmarks of prostate cancer biology. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:531-47. [PMID: 25736982 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-1946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the evidence that Notch signaling is associated with prostate development, tumorigenesis and prostate tumor progression. METHODS Studies in PubMed database were searched using the keywords of Notch signaling, prostate development and prostate cancer. Relevant literatures were identified and summarized. RESULTS The Notch pathway plays an important role in determining cell fate, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Recent findings have highlighted the involvement of Notch signaling in prostate development and in the maintenance of adult prostate homeostasis. Aberrant Notch expression in tissues leads to dysregulation of Notch functions and promotes various neoplasms, including prostate cancer. High expression of Notch has been implicated in prostate cancer, and its expression increases with higher cancer grade. However, the precise role of Notch in prostate cancer has yet to be clearly defined. The roles of Notch either as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in prostate cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, apoptosis and anoikis, hypoxia, migration and invasion, angiogenesis as well as the correlation with metastasis are therefore discussed. CONCLUSIONS Notch signaling is a complicated signaling pathway in modulating prostate development and prostate cancer. Understanding and manipulating Notch signaling could therefore be of potential therapeutic value in combating prostate cancer.
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45
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Brooke GN, Powell SM, Lavery DN, Waxman J, Buluwela L, Ali S, Bevan CL. Engineered repressors are potent inhibitors of androgen receptor activity. Oncotarget 2015; 5:959-69. [PMID: 24659630 PMCID: PMC4011597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer growth is dependent upon the Androgen Receptor (AR) pathway, hence therapies for this disease often target this signalling axis. Such therapies are successful in the majority of patients but invariably fail after a median of 2 years and tumours progress to a castrate resistant stage (CRPC). Much evidence exists to suggest that the AR remains key to CRPC growth and hence remains a valid therapeutic target. Here we describe a novel method to inhibit AR activity, consisting of an interaction motif, that binds to the AR ligand-binding domain, fused to repression domains. These ‘engineered repressors’ are potent inhibitors of AR activity and prostate cancer cell growth and importantly inhibit the AR under circumstances in which conventional therapies would be predicted to fail, such as AR mutation and altered cofactor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg N Brooke
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN, UK
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Sriram R, Lo V, Pryce B, Antonova L, Mears AJ, Daneshmand M, McKay B, Conway SJ, Muller WJ, Sabourin LA. Loss of periostin/OSF-2 in ErbB2/Neu-driven tumors results in androgen receptor-positive molecular apocrine-like tumors with reduced Notch1 activity. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:7. [PMID: 25592291 PMCID: PMC4355979 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periostin (Postn) is a secreted cell adhesion protein that activates signaling pathways to promote cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, Postn is frequently overexpressed in numerous human cancers, including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. METHODS Using transgenic mice expressing the Neu oncogene in the mammary epithelium crossed into Postn-deficient animals, we have assessed the effect of Postn gene deletion on Neu-driven mammary tumorigenesis. RESULTS Although Postn is exclusively expressed in the stromal fibroblasts of the mammary gland, Postn deletion does not affect mammary gland outgrowth during development or pregnancy. Furthermore, we find that loss of Postn in the mammary epithelium does not alter breast tumor initiation or growth in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu expressing mice but results in an apocrine-like tumor phenotype. Surprisingly, we find that tumors derived from Postn-null animals express low levels of Notch protein and Hey1 mRNA but increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and AR target genes. We show that tumor cells derived from wild-type animals do not proliferate when transplanted in a Postn-null environment but that this growth defect is rescued by the overexpression of active Notch or the AR target gene prolactin-induced protein (PIP/GCDFP-15). CONCLUSIONS Together our data suggest that loss of Postn in an ErbB2/Neu/HER2 overexpression model results in apocrine-like tumors that activate an AR-dependent pathway. This may have important implications for the treatment of breast cancers involving the therapeutic targeting of periostin or Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Sriram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Vivian Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Pryce
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Lilia Antonova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Alan J Mears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L6, Canada.
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Bruce McKay
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Simon J Conway
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, 1200 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A1, Canada.
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Abstract
While it has been known for decades that androgen hormones influence normal breast development and breast carcinogenesis, the underlying mechanisms have only been recently elucidated. To date, most studies have focused on androgen action in breast cancer cell lines, yet these studies represent artificial systems that often do not faithfully replicate/recapitulate the cellular, molecular and hormonal environments of breast tumours in vivo. It is critical to have a better understanding of how androgens act in the normal mammary gland as well as in in vivo systems that maintain a relevant tumour microenvironment to gain insights into the role of androgens in the modulation of breast cancer development. This in turn will facilitate application of androgen-modulation therapy in breast cancer. This is particularly relevant as current clinical trials focus on inhibiting androgen action as breast cancer therapy but, depending on the steroid receptor profile of the tumour, certain individuals may be better served by selectively stimulating androgen action. Androgen receptor (AR) protein is primarily expressed by the hormone-sensing compartment of normal breast epithelium, commonly referred to as oestrogen receptor alpha (ERa (ESR1))-positive breast epithelial cells, which also express progesterone receptors (PRs) and prolactin receptors and exert powerful developmental influences on adjacent breast epithelial cells. Recent lineage-tracing studies, particularly those focussed on NOTCH signalling, and genetic analysis of cancer risk in the normal breast highlight how signalling via the hormone-sensing compartment can influence normal breast development and breast cancer susceptibility. This provides an impetus to focus on the relationship between androgens, AR and NOTCH signalling and the crosstalk between ERa and PR signalling in the hormone-sensing component of breast epithelium in order to unravel the mechanisms behind the ability of androgens to modulate breast cancer initiation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard A Tarulli
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL)Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL)Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL)Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories (DRMCRL)Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Kwon OJ, Valdez J, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wei X, Su Q, Ittmann MM, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Increased Notch signalling inhibits anoikis and stimulates proliferation of prostate luminal epithelial cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4416. [PMID: 25048699 PMCID: PMC4167399 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate epithelial lineage hierarchy remains inadequately defined. Recent lineage-tracing studies have implied the existence of prostate luminal epithelial progenitors with extensive regenerative capacity. However, this capacity has not been demonstrated in prostate stem cell activity assays, probably owing to the strong susceptibility of luminal progenitors to anoikis. Here we show that constitutive expression of Notch1 intracellular domain impairs secretory function of mouse prostate luminal cells, suppresses anoikis of luminal epithelial cells by augmenting NF-κB activity independent of Hes1, stimulates luminal cell proliferation by potentiating PI3K-AKT signalling, and rescues the capacities of the putative prostate luminal progenitors for unipotent differentiation in vivo and short-term self-renewal in vitro. Epithelial cell autonomous AR signalling is dispensable for the Notch-mediated effects. As Notch activity is increased in prostate cancers, and anoikis resistance is a hallmark for metastatic cancer cells, this study suggests a pro-metastatic function of Notch signalling during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Joseph Valdez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Qingtai Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
| | | | - Li Xin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine
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49
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Carvalho FLF, Simons BW, Eberhart CG, Berman DM. Notch signaling in prostate cancer: a moving target. Prostate 2014; 74:933-45. [PMID: 24737393 PMCID: PMC4323172 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION By regulating cell fate, proliferation, and survival, Notch pathway signaling provides critical input into differentiation, organization, and function of multiple tissues. Notch signaling is also becoming an increasingly recognized feature in malignancy, including prostate cancer, where it may play oncogenic or tumor suppressive roles. METHODS Based on an electronic literature search from 2000 to 2013 we identified, summarized, and integrated published research on Notch signaling dynamics in prostate homeostasis and prostate cancer. RESULTS In benign prostate, Notch controls the differentiation state and architecture of the gland. In prostate cancer, similar features correlate with lethal potential and may be influenced by Notch. Increased Notch1 can confer a survival advantage on prostate cancer cells, and levels of Notch family members, such as Jagged2, Notch3, and Hes6 increase with higher cancer grade. However, Notch signaling can also antagonize growth and survival of both benign and malignant prostate cells, possibly through antagonistic effects of the Notch target HEY1 on androgen receptor function. DISCUSSION Notch signaling can dramatically influence prostate development and disease. Determining the cellular contexts where Notch promotes or suppresses prostate growth could open opportunities for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe L F Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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50
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Yuan X, Cai C, Chen S, Chen S, Yu Z, Balk SP. Androgen receptor functions in castration-resistant prostate cancer and mechanisms of resistance to new agents targeting the androgen axis. Oncogene 2014; 33:2815-25. [PMID: 23752196 PMCID: PMC4890635 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic functions of androgen receptor (AR) in normal prostate are circumvented in prostate cancer (PCa) to drive tumor growth, and the AR also can acquire new growth-promoting functions during PCa development and progression through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT, surgical or medical castration) is the standard treatment for metastatic PCa, but patients invariably relapse despite castrate androgen levels (castration-resistant PCa, CRPC). Early studies from many groups had shown that AR was highly expressed and transcriptionally active in CRPC, and indicated that steroids from the adrenal glands were contributing to this AR activity. More recent studies showed that CRPC cells had increased expression of enzymes mediating androgen synthesis from adrenal steroids, and could synthesize androgens de novo from cholesterol. Phase III clinical trials showing a survival advantage in CRPC for treatment with abiraterone (inhibitor of the enzyme CYP17A1 required for androgen synthesis that markedly reduces androgens and precursor steroids) and for enzalutamide (new AR antagonist) have now confirmed that AR activity driven by residual androgens makes a major contribution to CRPC, and led to the recent Food and Drug Administration approval of both agents. Unfortunately, patients treated with these agents for advanced CRPC generally relapse within a year and AR appears to be active in the relapsed tumors, but the molecular mechanisms mediating intrinsic or acquired resistance to these AR-targeted therapies remain to be defined. This review outlines AR functions that contribute to PCa development and progression, the roles of intratumoral androgen synthesis and AR structural alterations in driving AR activity in CRPC, mechanisms of action for abiraterone and enzalutamide, and possible mechanisms of resistance to these agents.
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MESH Headings
- Androgen Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Androgens/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Trans-Activators/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yuan
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Cai
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Chen
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Chen
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Yu
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S P Balk
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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