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Sriram R, Zameer MM, Vinay C, Giridhar BS. Black Ovary: Our Experience with Oophoropexy in All Cases of Pediatric Ovarian Torsion and Review of Relevant Literature. J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2022; 27:558-560. [PMID: 36530821 PMCID: PMC9757775 DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_207_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in ovarian torsion if after detorsion the ovary looks bluish black. Ovarian preservation is advocated by many studies in the pediatric age group quoting the ability of the ovary to recover despite the appearance after detorsion. AIMS This study aims to review the outcome of salvage surgery (detorsion) in the management of pediatric ovarian torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study of girls under 18 years with ovarian torsion treated from January 2016 to June 2021. Data were collated from records and analyzed. RESULTS Ten girls with ovarian torsion were included (mean age of 11 years). Ultrasonography and Doppler confirmed ovarian torsion in all. Emergency laparoscopy with detorsion was done in all with the mean time lapse from onset to surgery being 35 h. All the ovaries were black initially and persisted to be bluish black after detorsion. All were conserved and fixed to the lateral abdominal wall. In one child with an associated ovarian cyst, the cyst excision was also done. All girls were asymptomatic on follow-up. Ultrasonography at 3-month follow-up showed a normal-sized ovary with good blood flow in 9 out of 10 girls (90% cases). Follicular changes were seen in five girls who had attained puberty. In one girl, the ovary was very small sized and flows were not well visualized. CONCLUSION Detorsion and oophoropexy should be the procedure of choice in pediatric patients with ovarian torsion. The gross appearance of the ovary after detorsion should not be the sole determinant for oophorectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sriram
- Department of General Surgery, St. Martha's Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M. M. Zameer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - C. Vinay
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Narayana Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B. S. Giridhar
- Department of General Surgery, St. Martha's Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Ngo B, Kim E, Osorio-Vasquez V, Doll S, Bustraan S, Liang R, Luengo A, Davidson S, Ali A, Ferraro G, Fischer G, Plasger A, Rajasekhar V, Kastenhuber E, Eskandari R, Bacha S, Sriram R, Bakhoum S, Snuderl M, Cotzia P, Healey J, Sabatini D, Jones D, Zhao J, Yu M, Jain R, Keshari K, Davies M, Heiden MV, Hernando E, Mann M, Cantley L, Pacold M. DDRE-22. TARGETING SERINE SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN METASTASIS. Neurooncol Adv 2021. [PMCID: PMC7992201 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain environment is low in amino acids, including serine and glycine, both of which are important for tumor growth as they are precursors of proteins and nucleotide bases. How tumor cells overcome these conditions to proliferate and survive in the brain is incompletely understood. Here, we show that 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), which catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of glucose-derived serine synthesis, enables brain metastasis in multiple human types and in preclinical models. Genetic suppression and small molecule inhibition of PHGDH attenuated brain metastasis, but not extra cranial tumors, and improved the overall survival of mice bearing brain metastasis. These results demonstrate that the tumor nutrient microenvironment determines tumor cell sensitivity to loss of serine synthesis pathway activity and raise the possibility that serine synthesis inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ngo
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Sophia Doll
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Roger Liang
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alba Luengo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ali
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Bacha
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Samuel Bakhoum
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - John Healey
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jean Zhao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Yu
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rakesh Jain
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kayvan Keshari
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Ngo B, Kim E, Doll S, Bustraan S, Luengo A, Davidson SM, Ali A, Ferraro G, Kang D, Ni J, Liang R, Plasger A, Kastenhuber ER, Eskandari R, Bacha S, Sriram R, Stein BD, Bakhoum SF, Mullarky E, Snuderl M, Mainolfi N, Suri V, Friedman A, Manfredi M, Sabatini DM, Jones D, Yu M, Zhao JJ, Jain RK, Heiden MGV, Mann M, Cantley LC, Pacold ME. Abstract 5712: Nutrient scarcity confers breast cancer brain metastasis sensitivity to serine synthesis pathway inhibition. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The metabolic milieu of the brain is severely deprived of nutrients, including the amino acids serine and its catabolite glycine. The metabolic rewiring required for tumor cells to survive in the nutrient-limited environment of the brain and the metabolic vulnerabilities this confers are poorly understood.
Here we demonstrate that cell-intrinsic de novo serine synthesis is a major determinant of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) brain metastasis. Whole proteome comparison of TNBC cells that differ in their capacity to colonize the brain reveals that 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step of glucose-derived serine synthesis, is the most significantly upregulated protein in cells that efficiently metastasize to the brain. Expression of catalytically active PHGDH in a non-brain trophic cell line promoted brain metastasis. Furthermore, genetic silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PHGDH attenuated brain metastasis burden in mice.
These findings indicate that nutrient availability determines serine synthesis pathway dependence in brain metastasis, and suggest that PHGDH inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of patients with cancers that have spread to the brain.
Citation Format: Bryan Ngo, Eugenie Kim, Sophia Doll, Sophia Bustraan, Alba Luengo, Shawn M. Davidson, Ahmed Ali, Gino Ferraro, Diane Kang, Jing Ni, Roger Liang, Ariana Plasger, Edward R. Kastenhuber, Roozbeh Eskandari, Sarah Bacha, Roshan Sriram, Benjamin D. Stein, Samuel F. Bakhoum, Edouard Mullarky, Matija Snuderl, Nello Mainolfi, Vipin Suri, Adam Friedman, Mark Manfredi, David M. Sabatini, Drew Jones, Min Yu, Jean J. Zhao, Rakesh K. Jain, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Matthias Mann, Lewis C. Cantley, Michael E. Pacold. Nutrient scarcity confers breast cancer brain metastasis sensitivity to serine synthesis pathway inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ngo
- 1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Sophia Doll
- 3University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Alba Luengo
- 4Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Ahmed Ali
- 4Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Diane Kang
- 7University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jing Ni
- 2NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Drew Jones
- 2NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Min Yu
- 7University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Mann
- 12Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Sriram R, Sapthagiri R, Ilavarasan L, Ravi A. Retracted
: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Trifluoro Substituted 2-Aminobenzimidazole Derivatives via
Iodoacetic Acid Mediated One-pot Condensation. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sriram
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - R. Sapthagiri
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - L. Ilavarasan
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - A. Ravi
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College; Thiruvalluvar University; Tiruvannamalai 606603 Vellore Tamil Nadu India
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Korenchan DE, Taglang C, von Morze C, Blecha J, Gordon J, Sriram R, Larson PEZ, Vigneron D, VanBrocklin H, Kurhanewicz J, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. Dicarboxylic acids as pH sensors for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Analyst 2017; 142:1429-1433. [PMID: 28322385 PMCID: PMC5462110 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00076f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Imaging tumoral pH may help to characterize aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapeutic response. We report the development of hyperpolarized [2-13C,D10]diethylmalonic acid, which exhibits a large pH-dependent 13C chemical shift over the physiological range. We demonstrate that co-polarization with [1-13C,D9]tert-butanol accurately measures pH via13C NMR and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Korenchan
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C. Taglang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C. von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J. Blecha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R. Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - P. E. Z. Larson
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - H. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J. Kurhanewicz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D. M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - R. R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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6
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Cardone A, Brady M, Sriram R, Pant HC, Hassan SA. Computational study of the inhibitory mechanism of the kinase CDK5 hyperactivity by peptide p5 and derivation of a pharmacophore. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 30:513-21. [PMID: 27387995 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The hyperactivity of the cyclic dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) induced by the activator protein p25 has been linked to a number of pathologies of the brain. The CDK5-p25 complex has thus emerged as a major therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Experiments have shown that the peptide p5 reduces the CDK5-p25 activity without affecting the endogenous CDK5-p35 activity, whereas the peptide TFP5, obtained from p5, elicits similar inhibition, crosses the blood-brain barrier, and exhibits behavioral rescue of AD mice models with no toxic side effects. The molecular basis of the kinase inhibition is not currently known, and is here investigated by computer simulations. It is shown that p5 binds the kinase at the same CDK5/p25 and CDK5/p35 interfaces, and is thus a non-selective competitor of both activators, in agreement with available experimental data in vitro. Binding of p5 is enthalpically driven with an affinity estimated in the low µM range. A quantitative description of the binding site and pharmacophore is presented, and options are discussed to increase the binding affinity and selectivity in the design of drug-like compounds against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cardone
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - M Brady
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - R Sriram
- Software and System Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - H C Pant
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S A Hassan
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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7
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Baldev N, Sriram R, Prabu PC, Kurian Gino A. Effect of mitochondrial potassium channel on the renal protection mediated by sodium thiosulfate against ethylene glycol induced nephrolithiasis in rat model. Int Braz J Urol 2016; 41:1116-25. [PMID: 26742969 PMCID: PMC4756937 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Sodium thiosulfate (STS) is clinically reported to be a promising drug in preventing nephrolithiasis. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial KATP channel in the renal protection mediated by STS. Materials and Methods: Nephrolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by administrating 0.4% ethylene glycol (EG) along with 1% ammonium chloride for one week in drinking water followed by only 0.75% EG for two weeks. Treatment groups received STS, mitochondrial KATP channel opener and closer exclusively or in combination with STS for two weeks. Results: Animals treated with STS showed normal renal tissue architecture, supported by near normal serum creatinine, urea and ALP activity. Diazoxide (mitochondria KATP channel opening) treatment to the animal also showed normal renal tissue histology and improved serum chemistry. However, an opposite result was shown by glibenclamide (mitochondria KATP channel closer) treated rats. STS administered along with diazoxide negated the renal protection rendered by diazoxide alone, while it imparted protection to the glibenclamide treated rats, formulating a mitochondria modulated STS action. Conclusion: The present study confirmed that STS render renal protection not only through chelation and antioxidant effect but also by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baldev
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sriram
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P C Prabu
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Kurian Gino
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.,Central Animal Facility, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Korenchan DE, Flavell RR, Baligand C, Sriram R, Neumann K, Sukumar S, VanBrocklin H, Vigneron DB, Wilson DM, Kurhanewicz J. Dynamic nuclear polarization of biocompatible (13)C-enriched carbonates for in vivo pH imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:3030-3. [PMID: 26792559 PMCID: PMC4864526 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc09724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A hyperpolarization technique using carbonate precursors of biocompatible molecules was found to yield high concentrations of hyperpolarized (13)C bicarbonate in solution. This approach enabled large signal gains for low-toxicity hyperpolarized (13)C pH imaging in a phantom and in vivo in a murine model of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Korenchan
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - R R Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - C Baligand
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - R Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - K Neumann
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - S Sukumar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - H VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - D B Vigneron
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - D M Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - J Kurhanewicz
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA. and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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9
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Vaitheeswari S, Sriram R, Brindha P, Kurian GA. Studying inhibition of calcium oxalate stone formation: an in vitro approach for screening hydrogen sulfide and its metabolites. Int Braz J Urol 2015. [PMID: 26200543 PMCID: PMC4752143 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2014.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases and is of high prevalence. The present study proposes to evaluate the antilithiatic property of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolites like thiosulfate & sulfate in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: The antilithiatic activity of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaSH), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystal formation was investigated both in physiological buffer and in urine from normal and recurrent stone forming volunteers. The stones were characterized by optical and spectroscopic techniques. Results: The stones were characterized to be monoclinic, prismatic and bipyramidal habit which is of calcium monohydrate and dihydrate nature. The FTIR displayed fingerprint corresponding to calcium oxalate in the control while in NaSH treated, S=O vibrations were visible in the spectrum. The order of percentage inhibition was NaSH>Na2S2O3>Na2SO4. Conclusion: Our study indicates that sodium hydrogen sulfide and its metabolite thiosulfate are inhibitors of calcium oxalate stone agglomeration which makes them unstable both in physiological buffer and in urine. This effect is attributed to pH changes and complexing of calcium by S2O32-and SO42- moiety produced by the test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vaitheeswari
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India
| | - R Sriram
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India
| | - P Brindha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India
| | - Gino A Kurian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India.,Vascular Biology Lab, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, T. N, India
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10
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Subhash N, Sriram R, Kurian GA. Sodium thiosulfate protects brain in rat model of adenine induced vascular calcification. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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Verma R, Vasudevan B, Badwal S, Sriram R, Neema S, Kharayat V. Rare case of subcutaneous mycosis with intrathoracic extension due toChaetomium strumarium. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 40:622-5. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Verma
- Department of Dermatology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
| | - B. Vasudevan
- Department of Dermatology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
| | - S. Badwal
- Department of Pathology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
| | - R. Sriram
- Department of Microbiology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
| | - S. Neema
- Department of Dermatology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
| | - V. Kharayat
- Department of Dermatology; Armed Forces Medical College and Command Hospital; Pune India
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12
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Sriram R, Lo V, Pryce B, Antonova L, Mears AJ, Daneshmand M, McKay B, Conway SJ, Muller WJ, Sabourin LA. Loss of periostin/OSF-2 in ErbB2/Neu-driven tumors results in androgen receptor-positive molecular apocrine-like tumors with reduced Notch1 activity. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:7. [PMID: 25592291 PMCID: PMC4355979 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periostin (Postn) is a secreted cell adhesion protein that activates signaling pathways to promote cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Interestingly, Postn is frequently overexpressed in numerous human cancers, including breast, lung, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. METHODS Using transgenic mice expressing the Neu oncogene in the mammary epithelium crossed into Postn-deficient animals, we have assessed the effect of Postn gene deletion on Neu-driven mammary tumorigenesis. RESULTS Although Postn is exclusively expressed in the stromal fibroblasts of the mammary gland, Postn deletion does not affect mammary gland outgrowth during development or pregnancy. Furthermore, we find that loss of Postn in the mammary epithelium does not alter breast tumor initiation or growth in mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-Neu expressing mice but results in an apocrine-like tumor phenotype. Surprisingly, we find that tumors derived from Postn-null animals express low levels of Notch protein and Hey1 mRNA but increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) and AR target genes. We show that tumor cells derived from wild-type animals do not proliferate when transplanted in a Postn-null environment but that this growth defect is rescued by the overexpression of active Notch or the AR target gene prolactin-induced protein (PIP/GCDFP-15). CONCLUSIONS Together our data suggest that loss of Postn in an ErbB2/Neu/HER2 overexpression model results in apocrine-like tumors that activate an AR-dependent pathway. This may have important implications for the treatment of breast cancers involving the therapeutic targeting of periostin or Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Sriram
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Vivian Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Benjamin Pryce
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Lilia Antonova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Alan J Mears
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H8L6, Canada.
| | - Manijeh Daneshmand
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
| | - Bruce McKay
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Simon J Conway
- Developmental Biology and Neonatal Medicine Program, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, 1200 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A1, Canada.
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Cancer Therapeutics, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada.
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Roy SL, Metzger R, Chen JG, Laham FR, Martin M, Kipper SW, Smith LE, Lyon GM, Haffner J, Ross JE, Rye AK, Johnson W, Bodager D, Friedman M, Walsh DJ, Collins C, Inman B, Davis BJ, Robinson T, Paddock C, Zaki SR, Kuehnert M, DaSilva A, Qvarnstrom Y, Sriram R, Visvesvara GS. Risk for transmission of Naegleria fowleri from solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:163-71. [PMID: 24279908 PMCID: PMC4676565 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by the free-living ameba (FLA) Naegleria fowleri is a rare but rapidly fatal disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting predominantly young, previously healthy persons. No effective chemotherapeutic prophylaxis or treatment has been identified. Recently, three transplant-associated clusters of encephalitis caused by another FLA, Balamuthia mandrillaris, have occurred, prompting questions regarding the suitability of extra-CNS solid organ transplantation from donors with PAM. During 1995-2012, 21 transplant recipients of solid organs donated by five patients with fatal cases of PAM were reported in the United States. None of the recipients developed PAM, and several recipients tested negative for N. fowleri by serology. However, historical PAM case reports and animal experiments with N. fowleri, combined with new postmortem findings from four patients with PAM, suggest that extra-CNS dissemination of N. fowleri can occur and might pose a risk for disease transmission via transplantation. The risks of transplantation with an organ possibly harboring N. fowleri should be carefully weighed for each individual recipient against the potentially greater risk of delaying transplantation while waiting for another suitable organ. In this article, we present a case series and review existing data to inform such risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Roy
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Storbeck CJ, Al-Zahrani KN, Sriram R, Kawesa S, O'Reilly P, Daniel K, McKay M, Kothary R, Tsilfidis C, Sabourin LA. Distinct roles for Ste20-like kinase SLK in muscle function and regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2013; 3:16. [PMID: 23815977 PMCID: PMC3733878 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell growth and terminal differentiation are controlled by complex signaling systems that regulate the tissue-specific expression of genes controlling cell fate and morphogenesis. We have previously reported that the Ste20-like kinase SLK is expressed in muscle tissue and is required for cell motility. However, the specific function of SLK in muscle tissue is still poorly understood. METHODS To gain further insights into the role of SLK in differentiated muscles, we expressed a kinase-inactive SLK from the human skeletal muscle actin promoter. Transgenic muscles were surveyed for potential defects. Standard histological procedures and cardiotoxin-induced regeneration assays we used to investigate the role of SLK in myogenesis and muscle repair. RESULTS High levels of kinase-inactive SLK in muscle tissue produced an overall decrease in SLK activity in muscle tissue, resulting in altered muscle organization, reduced litter sizes, and reduced breeding capacity. The transgenic mice did not show any differences in fiber-type distribution but displayed enhanced regeneration capacity in vivo and more robust differentiation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that SLK activity is required for optimal muscle development in the embryo and muscle physiology in the adult. However, reduced kinase activity during muscle repair enhances regeneration and differentiation. Together, these results suggest complex and distinct roles for SLK in muscle development and function.
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Reddy GVR, Ranganathan R, Sivakumar S, Sriram R. Emulsion copolymerizations of methyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate and with acrylonitrile. Des Monomers Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156855502760151616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a follow-up postal survey to one conducted in 1998 assessing the feasibility of standardizing urodynamic practice in the West Midlands region. METHODS From the initial survey there was interest in standardizing the practice of urodynamics and a few simple guidelines were proposed. The postal survey was repeated to identify any changes. The guidelines included zeroing the transducer to atmospheric pressure, a filling rate of 50 mL/min and using the International Continence Society (ICS) definition of detrusor instability, including numerical values and recording any contraction in the presence of urgency. A questionnaire, similar to the initial one, was circulated to all the clinicians who had participated in the initial study, distributed approximately 8 months after agreed guidelines were issued. Specific questions included details of the filling and voiding cystometrogram, and the basis of diagnosing detrusor instability. They were also asked to comment on whether they would still like the practice to be standardized. RESULTS Only 17 of the 23 clinicians who participated in the initial study responded. For zeroing the transducer to atmospheric pressure, eight still zeroed to the patient. Only one unit had changed its practice by zeroing to atmospheric pressure. Varied rates of filling were still used and only eight participants used the ICS criteria to diagnose detrusor instability. Three of the 17 participants did not feel that standardization was achievable. CONCLUSIONS Obviously there is some apathy amongst clinicians to move towards standardization. No significant changes had been made since standardization guidelines were issued. Although most preferred initially to standardize urodynamic practice, individuals do not seem to have been convinced that they need to change their method to achieve uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sriram
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Sriram R, Endicott JF, Cunningham KM. Laser-induced, sequential two-photon redox processes of transition-metal complexes. Effects of coordination environment, laser pulse intensity, and excited-state lifetimes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/j150601a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sriram R, Hoffman MZ, Serpone N. Solvent isotope effect on the quartet .fwdarw. doublet intersystem crossing efficiencies of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)chromium(3+) and tris(1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(3+). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00394a073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sriram R, Endicott JF, Pyke SC. Sequential two photon photoredox chemistry of transition metal compounds. Nonlinear intensity effects in photochemistry of the reineckate ion. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00456a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Neshvad G, Hoffman MZ, Bolte M, Sriram R, Serpone N. Photophysics of chromium(III)-polypyridyl complexes. Effect of pH and [chloride ion concentration] on the lifetimes of the 2T1/2E excited states. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00265a013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sriram R, Hoffman MZ, Jamieson MA, Serpone N. Ground-state quenching of the 2E excited state of tris(2,2'-bipyridine)chromium(3+) and tris(1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(3+). J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00525a063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karthik R, Abraham KA, Henry M, Sudarsana G, Chandrasekar B, Sriram R. Angioplasty and stenting of solitary supra-aortic artery and aortoplasty by kissing balloon technique. J Invasive Cardiol 1999; 11:375-8. [PMID: 10745555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A child presented with symptoms of compromise to cerebral blood flow and cardiac failure. On diagnostic angiography, he was found to have a discrete coarctation and related ostial stenosis of the left subclavian artery, which acted as the sole source of cerebral blood flow. The subclavian lesion was initially dilated with a 6 mm x 50 mm balloon. The discrete coarctation was then dilated with an 8 mm x 50 mm balloon. Since significant residual stenosis was present at the subclavian origin, it was stented with a 20 mm Palmaz-Schatz stent (Cordis Corporation, Miami Lakes, Florida). Since the coarcted segment required further dilatations, the kissing balloon technique was used, wherein the 6 mm balloon was placed extending from the left subclavian lesion distally to the related aortic lesion proximally, along with another 10 mm balloon in the aorta. The end result was acceptable and the patient's symptoms improved significantly after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Karthik
- Institute for Cardiac Treatment and Research, Railway Hospital, Perambur, Chennai-600 023, India
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Abstract
A novel approach for coding textured images is presented. The texture field is assumed to be a realization of a regular homogeneous random field, which can have a mixed spectral distribution. On the basis of a two-dimensional (2-D) Wold-like decomposition, the field is represented as a sum of a purely indeterministic, harmonic, and countable number of evanescent fields. We present an algorithm for estimating and coding the texture model parameters, and show that the suggested algorithm yields high-quality reconstructions at low bit rates. The model and the resulting coding algorithm are seen to be applicable to a wide variety of texture types found in natural images.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sriram
- Philips Labs., Briarcliff Manor, NY
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Venkataramana Reddy G, Chandraganthi R, Vasanthi K, Sriram R. Vinyl Polymerization Initiated by Ceric Ion–Ethyl Cellosolve Redox System in Aqueous Nitric Acid. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329508011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sriram R, Ali-Osman F. Purification and biochemical characterization of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from a human malignant astrocytoma cell line. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1993; 30:1053-1060. [PMID: 8106072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.2.) the key regulatory enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis was purified from a human malignant astrocytoma cell line using a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DE-52 cellulose chromatography and ATP-agarose affinity chromatography. The purified protein had a specific activity of 1725 units/mg protein, which represented an 86-fold purification and a 22% yield. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major subunits with apparent molecular sizes of 72 kDa and 32 kDa. The Km values for L-glutamate and L-alpha-aminobutyrate were 0.03 mM and 0.14 mM respectively. These molecular and catalytic properties of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase from astrocytoma cell line are similar, but not identical to those purified from rat kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sriram
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Ribeiro PA, Gallo R, Antonius J, Mimish L, Sriram R, Bianchi S, Duran CG. A new expandable intracoronary tantalum (Strecker) stent: early experimental results and follow-up to twelve months. Am Heart J 1993; 125:501-10. [PMID: 8427147 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8703(93)90032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A new radiopaque balloon expandable tantalum stent was tested in the coronary arteries of sheep. A total of 28 stents with a diameter of 2.0 to 3.8 mm were successfully deployed. The stent to coronary artery diameter ratio was 1.1-1.2:1. The animals were heparinized with 100 U/kg of heparin but did not receive antiplatelet drugs. Coronary angiography that was performed 10 minutes after stent implantation showed 100% patency with no side-branch occlusion. Four sheep died within 2 hours of stent implantation, and pathologic studies showed thrombosis of the smaller sized stents: 2 mm (n = 2), 2.8 mm (n = 1), and 3.2 mm (n = 1); three fourths of the sheep had two stents implanted. An oversized stent caused coronary rupture and cardiac tamponade in one other sheep. Follow-up study protocol included coronary angiography before animal sacrifice and pathologic studies within 48 hours (n = 11), 2 weeks (n = 1), 3 months (n = 2), 5 months (n = 1), 10 months (n = 7), and 12 months (n = 1). At 3 to 12 months of follow-up the coronary stent was completely covered with a layer of neointima, and there was no angiographic evidence of coronary stenosis and patent side branches. According to histologic examination, the neointima had nonuniform thickness (20 to 330 microns) and consisted of smooth muscle cells and some collagen. At 7 months of follow-up one of seven stents had angiographic (20%) and pathologic evidence of stenosis, which was secondary to thrombus. The tantalum device is easily deployed technically and notable for its excellent fluoroscopic visibility and flexibility. Thrombosis with a tantalum stent remains a problem, and therefore the larger diameter stents > or = 3.2 mm, antiplatelet drugs, and anticoagulation therapy are indicated for human studies. Implantation of multiple coronary stents increases the risk of stent thrombosis. The long-term, mild neointimal thickness and the patency of the stent and side branches are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ribeiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Twenty-three adolescent and adult patients with native coarctation of the aorta underwent balloon dilatation. Dissection of the aorta developed in one patient. Data were collected on the remaining 22 patients. They ranged in age from 15 to 55 years (mean 23 +/- 9.2 years). Invasive measurement of the peak systolic gradient (PSG) and biplane angiography were performed before and immediately after angioplasty and at follow-up 4 to 48 months (mean 15 months) later. PSG before dilatation was 37 to 100 mm Hg (mean 66.9 +/- 19.9 mm Hg) and decreased to 0 to 30 mm Hg (mean 9.1 +/- 11 mm Hg) immediately after dilatation (p less than 0.001). Restenosis occurred in two patients 6 months after dilatation, and one patient had an incomplete dilatation. These three patients underwent successful redilatation and remained improved 12 to 19 months later. There was no significant change in gradient at repeat catheterization in the remaining 20 patients. PSG was 0 to 20 mm Hg (mean 5.8 +/- 7.2 mm Hg). Angiography showed that a small aneurysm developed in one patient immediately after dilatation and in another 6 months later. Eleven patients were restudied more than once, and no change in gradient or size of the aneurysm was noted at mean follow-up 25 months after dilatation. This study demonstrated that balloon angioplasty is an effective method of treating adolescent and adult patient with native coarctation of the aorta. However, because of the uncertain natural history of aneurysm after dilatation, this procedure should be considered investigational until much longer follow-up times are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fawzy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Cardiovascular Diseases, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ribeiro PA, Fawzy ME, Arafat MA, Dunn B, Sriram R, Mercer E, Duran CG. Comparison of mitral valve area results of balloon mitral valvotomy using the Inoue and double balloon techniques. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:687-8. [PMID: 1877492 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(91)90369-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P A Ribeiro
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ribeiro PA, Fawzy ME, Arafat M, Dunn B, Sriram R, Shaikh A, Mercer E, Vanhaleweyk G, Duran CM. Mitral balloon valvotomy using the Inoue balloon technique for selected patients with severe pliable rheumatic mitral valve stenosis: immediate and short-term results. Rev Port Cardiol 1991; 10:421-4. [PMID: 1910878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We selected 40 patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis for balloon valvotomy using the Inoue balloon technique. The patients' mean age was 31 +/- 14 years and there were 24 females and 16 males. The patients were selected according to the following echo/Doppler criteria; 1. Severe mitral stenosis, i. e. mitral valve area (MVA) less than 1.1 cm2; 2. pliable anterior mitral valve leaflet; 3. absence of calcification of the mitral commissures and 4. absence of significant subvalvular mitral valve disease (Block echo score less than 8). We failed to cross the mitral valve in three cases and repeat attempts in two patients with higher transeptal puncture was successful. Thirty-nine procedures were technically successful (98%). There were no complications. We used an Inoue balloon size 24-30 mm using echo/Doppler guided stepwise mitral dilatation. After mitral balloon valvotomy, the MVA increased from 0.8 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 cm2 (p less than 0.001). Five patients developed mild mitral regurgitation and in one patient the degree of mitral regurgitation increased from mild to moderate. The mean mitral valve area 48 hours after the procedure measured 1.9 +/- 0.4 cm2 (echo/Doppler); one patient (2.5%) had residual mitral stenosis (MVA less than 1.5 cm2). At six weeks follow-up study the mean mitral valve area was 1.9 +/- 0.5 cm2 (Echo/Doppler), with no restenosis. We conclude that in selected cases of severe pliable mitral stenosis, the Inoue balloon technique achieves a greater than 100% increase of the MVA, without inducing significant iatrogenic mitral regurgitation or residual stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Ribeiro
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Sriram TG, Kumar KV, Jayaprakash MR, Sriram R, Shanmugham V. Informed consent: a study of experiences and opinion of utilizers of health services from India. Soc Sci Med 1991; 32:1389-92. [PMID: 1871610 DOI: 10.1016/0277-9536(91)90199-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and forty-eight subjects drawn from urban and rural settings who had been hospitalized for any medical problem within the previous three years were interviewed using a semi structured interview schedule to understand their opinion and experiences of informed consent. Sixty medical officers providing primary care in both urban and rural areas were concurrently interviewed to gather their opinion. Results revealed that respondents were dissatisfied with the information they had received about the different aspects of their illness. Both the doctors and the patients felt the need for providing adequate information to utilizers of health services. The two groups identified certain constraints, like illiteracy, in obtaining informed consent. Doctors compared to patients more often thought that illiterates could not understand the information. Patients more often felt that information about nature of investigations and about prognosis need not be routinely revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Sriram
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
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Abstract
Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed on a 19-year-old female who had moderate pulmonary valve stenosis with sickle cell anemia. The patient developed sickle cell crisis resulting in occipital infarction, but she made a good recovery. We describe this case and the methods of reducing the risk of sickle cell crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muthusamy
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Fawzy ME, Galal O, Dunn B, Shaikh A, Sriram R, Duran CM. Regression of infundibular pulmonary stenosis after successful balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty in adults. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1990; 21:77-81. [PMID: 2225039 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.1810210204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Between July 1985 and March 1988, 22 adult patients with congenital pulmonary stenosis underwent balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. There were 10 males and 12 females aged 16-45 (average 25 +/- 9.9) years. All patients had additional mild to severe infundibular stenosis; 16 were restudied 6-36 (mean 12.6) months later by repeat catheterization. Student's t-test was used for comparison of data. Right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure before dilatation was 84-196 (mean 129 +/- 32.3) mm Hg, and the peak pulmonary gradient (PPG) was 60-176 (mean 111 +/- 33.2) mm Hg immediately after dilatation. The RV systolic pressure dropped to 32-140 (mean 59.2 +/- 27) (P less than 0.001); and PPG dropped to 10-113 (mean 37.8 +/- 26.4) (P less than 0.001), and the infundibular gradient ranged from 8 to 113 (mean 35.1 +/- 25.8) mm Hg. The infundibular diameter, before dilatation, ranged from 2 to 15 (mean 9.5 +/- 4) mm Hg. At repeat catheterization, the RV systolic pressure dropped further to 33-66 (mean 42.8 +/- 9.7) mm Hg and the PPG was reduced to 0-48 (mean 18.4 +/- 10.9) mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The infundibular gradient regressed to 0-34 (mean 15 +/- 8.8) mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The infundibular diameter increased to 8-25 (mean 15.8 +/- 5.4) (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that moderate to severe infundibular stenosis, in adults, can regress after successful pulmonary valvuloplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fawzy
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kenley RA, Koberda M, DeMond W, Hammond RB, Hines J, Ashline K, Vincent M, Sriram R, Martinez A, Raghavan N. Eliminating interferences in a compendial test for oxidizable substances in water. J Parenter Sci Technol 1990; 44:264-71. [PMID: 2250202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) uses acidified potassium permanganate to test for dissolved organics in pharmaceutical-grade water. In the test, a standard permanganate concentration is added to a boiling, acidified water sample. Visually inspecting the sample for residual permanganate determines whether the sample passes (pink color remains) or fails (pink color disappears) the test. The permanganate redox chemistry is complex, however, and test samples are prone to developing suspended particulate and colors other than pink. Forming hazy or off-colored solutions interferes with the subjective end point determination according to the USP test. We report two alternative end point determinations that essentially eliminate interferences from the compendial test method. The first alternative involves recording a uv-visible spectrum of the reduced permanganate test solution. Residual permanganate shows three distinct absorbance maxima at 510, 526, and 545 nm. It is straightforward to differentiate the characteristic permanganate fingerprint from the broad, lower-wavelength extinction that results from interfering substances. The second alternative involves filtering the reduced permanganate test solution through sintered glass. This filtration step removes manganese oxides and other colloidal particles that contribute to haze and off color formation in test samples. Visually inspecting the filtrate for residual pink color remains the end point determination for the test method. A third alternative method, namely spectrophotometric determination of permanganate loss rate constants is not a suitable alternative owing to a strong dependence of permanganate reduction rate on organic substrate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kenley
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Round Lake, Illinois
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Sriram R, Ali-Osman F. S1-nuclease enhancement of the ethidium bromide binding assay of drug-induced DNA interstrand crosslinking in human brain tumor cells. Anal Biochem 1990; 187:345-8. [PMID: 2200310 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(90)90467-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A modification, using S1-nuclease, of a simple and sensitive fluorometric assay with ethidium bromide was developed for the measurement of cellular DNA interstrand crosslinking induced by bifunctional alkylators. Cells are lysed and treated with proteinase K and sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by extensive dialysis to yield intact high-molecular-weight DNA, free of contaminating proteins, on which the crosslink assay is then performed. The assay depends on the differential binding of ethidium bromide to single- and double-stranded DNA. Because of the higher ethidium bromide binding capacity of double-stranded DNA, the fluorescence retained after a heating/cooling cycle is directly proportional to the drug-induced cellular DNA interstrand crosslinking. We demonstrate that the sensitivity of this assay can be increased up to fourfold by including an S1-nuclease digestion step. This modified technique is simple and suited to the quantitation of low levels of DNA-interstrand crosslinking in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sriram
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195
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Sriram R, Jayaraman K. Further evidence for the role of 26 kDa peptide as mosquito larvicidal principle of the crystalline delta endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var Israelensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1986; 136:1142-7. [PMID: 2872888 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(86)90453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Separation of the toxic and non-toxic subunits of the crystals of B. thuringiensis var israelensis, in native gels has revealed that the toxic subunit contained predominantly 26 kDa peptide, while the non-toxic subunit was made up of 66 kDa and other larger molecular weight peptides. Tryptic digestion of the crystal proteins and their separation on a DEAE-cellulose column, resulted in the generation of a fraction with a 21 kDa peptide, exhibiting larvicidal and hemolytic activities and immunoreactive with the antiserum of 26 kDa peptide of the crystals. These results show that 26 kDa peptide is the active principle of the crystal.
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Sriram R, Kamdar H, Jayaraman K. Identification of the peptides of the crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis involved in the mosquito larvicidal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1985; 132:19-27. [PMID: 2865953 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)90982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tryptic digestion of the proteins from the purified crystals of B.thuringiensis var israelensis resulted in the decline of high molecular weight peptides without the loss of mosquito larvicidal activity, measured after immobilization of the digests with DEAE- Sephadex A 50 beads. Amongst the peptides generated (less than 44 kDa), a 21 kDa peptide was immunoreactive to the crystal antiserum. Analysis of the peptides released from spores of the toxic (Cry+) and non-toxic (Cry-) strains has revealed a pattern in which only the 26kDa peptide was missing in the Cry-strain. Sporulation and crystal formation were dissociated by the addition of the antibiotic netropsin, which could also inhibit the crystal assembly, without considerable decrease of the larvicidal activity and retention of the 26kDa peptide. These results implicate the 26kDa peptide in the larvicidal action.
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Sriram R, Mullen GM, Foschi A, Bicoff JP. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction without prior thrombolytic therapy. Am J Cardiol 1985; 55:842-3. [PMID: 3156485 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)90168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
In a prospective study of 1012 patients above the age of 12 years, we detected 4 (0.4%) cases of left ventricular false tendon (LVFT) by echocardiography. Two patients had significant heart disease and LVFT was perhaps a chance occurrence; two others had no significant heart disease and LVFT probably had a causal association with S3 gallop in one and systolic murmur in the other. Diagnosis of LVFT may help to explain cardiac findings of uncertain origin.
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Santhanakrishnan BR, Sridhar VS, Sriram R, Shetty MV, Raju VB. Child abuse. Indian Pediatr 1979; 16:57-60. [PMID: 437884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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