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Yang S, Svensson MND, Harder NHO, Hsieh WC, Santelli E, Kiosses WB, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, King CC, Liu L, Stanford SM, Bottini N. PTPN22 phosphorylation acts as a molecular rheostat for the inhibition of TCR signaling. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/623/eaaw8130. [PMID: 32184287 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hematopoietic-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) is encoded by a major autoimmunity risk gene. PTPN22 inhibits T cell activation by dephosphorylating substrates involved in proximal T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Here, we found by mass spectrometry that PTPN22 was phosphorylated at Ser751 by PKCα in Jurkat and primary human T cells activated with phorbol ester/ionomycin or antibodies against CD3/CD28. The phosphorylation of PTPN22 at Ser751 prolonged its half-life by inhibiting K48-linked ubiquitination and impairing recruitment of the phosphatase to the plasma membrane, which is necessary to inhibit proximal TCR signaling. Additionally, the phosphorylation of PTPN22 at Ser751 enhanced the interaction of PTPN22 with the carboxyl-terminal Src kinase (CSK), an interaction that is impaired by the PTPN22 R620W variant associated with autoimmune disease. The phosphorylation of Ser751 did not affect the recruitment of PTPN22 R620W to the plasma membrane but protected this mutant from degradation. Together, out data indicate that phosphorylation at Ser751 mediates a reciprocal regulation of PTPN22 stability versus translocation to TCR signaling complexes by CSK-dependent and CSK-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mattias N D Svensson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathaniel H O Harder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wan-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - William B Kiosses
- Core Microscopy, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charles C King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 90026, USA
| | - Stephanie M Stanford
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Bidet K, Dadlani D, Garcia-Blanco MA. G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004242. [PMID: 24992036 PMCID: PMC4081823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral RNA-host protein interactions are critical for replication of flaviviruses, a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses comprising major vector-borne human pathogens including dengue viruses (DENV). We examined three conserved host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 in dengue virus (DENV-2) infection and found them to be novel regulators of the interferon (IFN) response against DENV-2. The three RBPs were required for the accumulation of the protein products of several interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and for efficient translation of PKR and IFITM2 mRNAs. This identifies G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 as novel regulators of the antiviral state. Their antiviral activity was antagonized by the abundant DENV-2 non-coding subgenomic flaviviral RNA (sfRNA), which bound to G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1, inhibited their activity and lead to profound inhibition of ISG mRNA translation. This work describes a new and unexpected level of regulation for interferon stimulated gene expression and presents the first mechanism of action for an sfRNA as a molecular sponge of anti-viral effectors in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katell Bidet
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhivya Dadlani
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Mariano A. Garcia-Blanco
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Center for RNA Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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3
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Amand M, Erpicum C, Bajou K, Cerignoli F, Blacher S, Martin M, Dequiedt F, Drion P, Singh P, Zurashvili T, Vandereyken M, Musumeci L, Mustelin T, Moutschen M, Gilles C, Noel A, Rahmouni S. DUSP3/VHR is a pro-angiogenic atypical dual-specificity phosphatase. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:108. [PMID: 24886454 PMCID: PMC4038117 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DUSP3 phosphatase, also known as Vaccinia-H1 Related (VHR) phosphatase, encoded by DUSP3/Dusp3 gene, is a relatively small member of the dual-specificity protein phosphatases. In vitro studies showed that DUSP3 is a negative regulator of ERK and JNK pathways in several cell lines. On the other hand, DUSP3 is implicated in human cancer. It has been alternatively described as having tumor suppressive and oncogenic properties. Thus, the available data suggest that DUSP3 plays complex and contradictory roles in tumorigenesis that could be cell type-dependent. Since most of these studies were performed using recombinant proteins or in cell-transfection based assays, the physiological function of DUSP3 has remained elusive. Results Using immunohistochemistry on human cervical sections, we observed a strong expression of DUSP3 in endothelial cells (EC) suggesting a contribution for this phosphatase to EC functions. DUSP3 downregulation, using RNA interference, in human EC reduced significantly in vitro tube formation on Matrigel and spheroid angiogenic sprouting. However, this defect was not associated with an altered phosphorylation of the documented in vitro DUSP3 substrates, ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and EGFR but was associated with an increased PKC phosphorylation. To investigate the physiological function of DUSP3, we generated Dusp3-deficient mice by homologous recombination. The obtained DUSP3−/− mice were healthy, fertile, with no spontaneous phenotype and no vascular defect. However, DUSP3 deficiency prevented neo-vascularization of transplanted b-FGF containing Matrigel and LLC xenograft tumors as evidenced by hemoglobin (Hb) and FITC-dextran quantifications. Furthermore, we found that DUSP3 is required for b-FGF-induced microvessel outgrowth in the aortic ring assay. Conclusions All together, our data identify DUSP3 as a new important player in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Souad Rahmouni
- Immunology and Infectious Diseases, GIGA-Signal Transduction, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
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4
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Hrdinka M, Horejsi V. PAG - a multipurpose transmembrane adaptor protein. Oncogene 2013; 33:4881-92. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Wang S, Chen Z, Hu C, Qian F, Cheng Y, Wu M, Shi B, Chen J, Hu Y, Yuan Z. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen selectively inhibits TLR2 ligand-induced IL-12 production in monocytes/macrophages by interfering with JNK activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5142-51. [PMID: 23585678 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the result of an ineffective antiviral immune response against HBV infection. Our previous study found that the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) was related to decreased cytokine production induced by the TLR2 ligand (Pam3csk4) in PBMCs from chronic hepatitis B patients. In this study, we further explored the mechanism involved in the inhibitory effect of HBsAg on the TLR2 signaling pathway. The results showed that both Pam3csk4-triggered IL-12p40 mRNA expression and IL-12 production in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophage were inhibited by HBsAg in a dose-dependent manner, but the production of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α was not influenced. The Pam3csk4-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling were further examined. The phosphorylation of JNK-1/2 and c-Jun was impaired in the presence of HBsAg, whereas the degradation of IκB-α, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK-1/2 were not affected. Moreover, the inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and IL-12 production in response to Pam3csk was observed in HBsAg-treated monocytes/macrophages (M/MΦs) from the healthy donors and the PBMCs and CD14-positive M/MΦs from chronic hepatitis B patients. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HBsAg selectively inhibits Pam3csk4- stimulated IL-12 production in M/MΦs by blocking the JNK-MAPK pathway and provide a mechanism by which HBV evades immunity and maintains its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Hepatitis C virus co-opts Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 for its genome replication. J Virol 2011; 85:6996-7004. [PMID: 21561913 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00013-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that Ras-GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) interacts with hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein (NS)5B and the 5' end of the HCV minus-strand RNA. In the current study we confirmed these observations using immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown assays, suggesting that G3BP1 might be an HCV replication complex (RC) component. In replicon cells, transfected G3BP1 interacts with multiple HCV nonstructural proteins. Using immunostaining and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that G3BP1 is colocalized with HCV RCs in replicon cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of G3BP1 moderately reduces established HCV RNA replication in HCV replicon cells and dramatically reduces HCV replication-dependent colony formation and cell-culture-produced HCV (HCVcc) infection. In contrast, knockdown of G3BP2 has no effect on HCVcc infection. Transient replication experiments show that G3BP1 is involved in HCV genome amplification. Thus, G3BP1 is associated with HCV RCs and may be co-opted as a functional RC component for viral replication. These findings may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV genome replication.
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7
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Yu M, Lee WW, Tomar D, Pryshchep S, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Lamar DL, Li G, Singh K, Tian L, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Regulation of T cell receptor signaling by activation-induced zinc influx. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:775-85. [PMID: 21422171 PMCID: PMC3135340 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a trace element that is essential for innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to being a structural element of many proteins, zinc also functions as a neurotransmitter and an intracellular messenger. Temporal or spatial changes in bioavailable zinc may influence the activity of several enzymes, including kinases and phosphatases. We provide evidence that zinc functions as an ionic signaling molecule after T cell activation. Cytoplasmic zinc concentrations increased within 1 min after T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, in particular in the subsynaptic compartment. The increase depended on the extracellular zinc concentrations and was inhibited by silencing zinc transporter Zip6. Increased zinc influx reduced the recruitment of SHP-1 to the TCR activation complex, augmented ZAP70 phosphorylation and sustained calcium influx. By calibrating TCR activation thresholds, increased extracellular zinc bioavailability facilitated the induction of T cell proliferative responses to suboptimal stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Yu
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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8
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Xu Y, Zhao Y, Huang H, Chen G, Wu X, Wang Y, Chang W, Zhu Z, Feng Y, Wu D. Expression and function of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma patients: toll-like receptor ligands promote multiple myeloma cell growth and survival via activation of nuclear factor-κB. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:543-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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9
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Fiorillo E, Orrú V, Stanford SM, Liu Y, Salek M, Rapini N, Schenone AD, Saccucci P, Delogu LG, Angelini F, Manca Bitti ML, Schmedt C, Chan AC, Acuto O, Bottini N. Autoimmune-associated PTPN22 R620W variation reduces phosphorylation of lymphoid phosphatase on an inhibitory tyrosine residue. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:26506-18. [PMID: 20538612 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A missense C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism in the PTPN22 gene recently emerged as a major risk factor for human autoimmunity. PTPN22 encodes the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), which forms a complex with the kinase Csk and is a critical negative regulator of signaling through the T cell receptor. The C1858T single nucleotide polymorphism results in the LYP-R620W variation within the LYP-Csk interaction motif. LYP-W620 exhibits a greatly reduced interaction with Csk and is a gain-of-function inhibitor of signaling. Here we show that LYP constitutively interacts with its substrate Lck in a Csk-dependent manner. T cell receptor-induced phosphorylation of LYP by Lck on an inhibitory tyrosine residue releases tonic inhibition of signaling by LYP. The R620W variation disrupts the interaction between Lck and LYP, leading to reduced phosphorylation of LYP, which ultimately contributes to gain-of-function inhibition of T cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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10
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Spatiotemporal control of cyclic AMP immunomodulation through the PKA-Csk inhibitory pathway is achieved by anchoring to an Ezrin-EBP50-PAG scaffold in effector T cells. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2681-8. [PMID: 20420835 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A variety of immunoregulatory signals to effector T cells from monocytes, macrophages and regulatory T cells act through cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In the effector T cell, the protein kinase A (PKA) type I isoenzyme localizes to lipid rafts during T cell activation and modulates directly the proximal events that take place after engagement of the T cell receptor. The most proximal target for PKA phosphorylation is C-terminal Src kinase (Csk), which initiates a negative signal pathway that fine-tunes the T cell activation process. The A kinase anchoring protein Ezrin colocalizes PKA and Csk by forming a supramolecular signaling complex consisting of PKA, Ezrin, Ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) binding protein of 50 kDa (EBP50), phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (GEMs) (PAG) and Csk.
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11
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Huot ME, Vogel G, Richard S. Identification of a Sam68 ribonucleoprotein complex regulated by epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31903-13. [PMID: 19762470 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.018465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sam68, Src associated in mitosis of 68 kDa, is a known RNA-binding protein and a signaling adaptor protein for tyrosine kinases. However, the proteins associated with Sam68 and the existence of a Sam68 complex, its mass, and regulation are, however, unknown. Herein we identify a large Sam68 complex with a mass >1 MDa in HeLa cells that is composed of approximately 40 proteins using an immunoprecipitation followed by a mass spectrometry approach. Many of the proteins identified are RNA-binding proteins and are known components of a previously identified structure termed the spreading initiation center. The large Sam68 complex is a ribonucleoprotein complex, as treatment with RNases caused a shift in the molecular mass of the complex to 200-450 kDa. Moreover, treatment of HeLa cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or epidermal growth factor induced the disassociation of Sam68 from the large complex and the appearance of Sam68 within the smaller complex. Actually, in certain cell lines such as breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20, Sam68 exists in equilibrium between a large and a small complex. The appearance of the small Sam68 complex in cells correlates with the ability of Sam68 to promote the alternative splicing of CD44 and cell migration. Our findings show that Sam68 exists in equilibrium in transformed cells between two complexes and that extracellular signals, such as epidermal growth factor stimulation, promote alternative splicing by modulating the composition of the Sam68 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Etienne Huot
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group and the Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
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12
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Grochowy G, Hermiston ML, Kuhny M, Weiss A, Huber M. Requirement for CD45 in fine-tuning mast cell responses mediated by different ligand–receptor systems. Cell Signal 2009; 21:1277-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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An adaptor role for cytoplasmic Sam68 in modulating Src activity during cell polarization. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:1933-43. [PMID: 19139276 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01707-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src-associated substrate during mitosis with a molecular mass of 68 kDa (Sam68) is predominantly nuclear and is known to associate with proteins containing the Src homology 3 (SH3) and SH2 domains. Although Sam68 is a Src substrate, little is known about the signaling pathway that link them. Src is known to be activated transiently after cell spreading, where it modulates the activity of small Rho GTPases. Herein we report that Sam68-deficient cells exhibit loss of cell polarity and cell migration. Interestingly, Sam68-deficient cells exhibited sustained Src activity after cell attachment, resulting in the constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of p190RhoGAP and its association with p120rasGAP. Consistently, we observed that Sam68-deficient cells exhibited deregulated RhoA and Rac1 activity. By using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we observed Sam68 near the plasma membrane after cell attachment coinciding with phosphorylation of its C-terminal tyrosines and association with Csk. These findings show that Sam68 localizes near the plasma membrane during cell attachment and serves as an adaptor protein to modulate Src activity for proper signaling to small Rho GTPases.
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14
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Svec A. Phosphoprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomains/Csk-binding protein: A protein that matters. Pathol Res Pract 2008; 204:785-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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15
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Amanchy R, Zhong J, Molina H, Chaerkady R, Iwahori A, Kalume DE, Grønborg M, Joore J, Cope L, Pandey A. Identification of c-Src tyrosine kinase substrates using mass spectrometry and peptide microarrays. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:3900-10. [PMID: 18698806 PMCID: PMC2646669 DOI: 10.1021/pr800198w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
c-Src tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in signal transduction downstream of growth factor receptors, integrins and G protein-coupled receptors. We used stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) approach to identify additional substrates of c-Src tyrosine kinase in human embryonic kidney 293T cells. We have identified 10 known substrates and interactors of c-Src and Src family kinases along with 26 novel substrates. We have experimentally validated 4 of the novel proteins (NICE-4, RNA binding motif 10, FUSE-binding protein 1 and TRK-fused gene) as direct substrates of c-Src using in vitro kinase assays and cotransfection experiments. Significantly, using a c-Src specific inhibitor, we were also able to implicate 3 novel substrates (RNA binding motif 10, EWS1 and Bcl-2 associated transcription factor) in PDGF signaling. Finally, to identify the exact tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated by c-Src on the novel c-Src substrates, we designed custom peptide microarrays containing all possible tyrosine-containing peptides (312 unique peptides) and their mutant counterparts containing a Tyr --> Phe substitution from 14 of the identified substrates. Using this platform, we identified 34 peptides that are phosphorylated by c-Src. We have demonstrated that SILAC-based quantitative proteomics approach is suitable for identification of substrates of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and can be coupled with peptide microarrays for high-throughput identification of substrate phosphopeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramars Amanchy
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and the Departments of Biological Chemistry, Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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16
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Desflurane preconditioning inhibits endothelial nuclear factor-kappa-B activation by targeting the proximal end of tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1473-9, table of contents. [PMID: 18420862 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318168b3f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics interfere with inflammatory cytokine production and expression of adhesion molecules which are critical for ischemia reperfusion induced injury. Nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB has been reported to be suppressed in this process, but the detailed molecular mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In this study, ECV304 (a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line) was preconditioned with 30 min desflurane (1 minimal alveolar concentration), after 15 min washout, 30 min anoxia, and 60 min reoxygenation was performed. ECV304 was finally stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (10 ng/mL). Control groups, which were not preconditioned and/or not stimulated, were also included in the protocol. IkappaB-alpha, phospho-IkappaB-alpha, phospho-IkappaB kinase (IKKalpha)/IKKbeta, and phospho-p38 were detected by Western blotting. The nuclear NF-kappaB p65 subunit was measured by subcellular fractionation and Western blotting. The surface expression of TNF-R1 was measured by flow cytometry. Receptor-associated signaling adaptors, e.g., TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and IKK-alpha, were evaluated by immunoprecipitation by TNF-R1 antibody and subsequent Western blotting. RESULTS Desflurane preconditioning inhibits IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, degradation, and p65 nuclear localization. Desflurane also affects p38 phosphorylation, which is needed for optimal inflammatory response. The phosphorylation of IKKalpha/IKKbeta was suppressed by preconditioning while the surface abundance of TNF-R1 was not affected. The association of TRAF2 and IKK-alpha with TNF-R1 was compromised by desflurane. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the molecular target of desflurane in the NF-kappaB pathway is upstream of IKK activation. The abundance of TNF-R1 on the cell membrane is not affected by anesthetic preconditioning. We suggest that desflurane preconditioning targets the proximal end of TNF-alpha signaling.
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Wu M, Xu Y, Lin S, Zhang X, Xiang L, Yuan Z. Hepatitis B virus polymerase inhibits the interferon-inducible MyD88 promoter by blocking nuclear translocation of Stat1. J Gen Virol 2008; 88:3260-3269. [PMID: 18024894 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that hepatitis B virus (HBV) blocks expression of the alpha interferon (IFN-alpha)-inducible myeloid differential primary response protein (MyD88) gene. To study the molecular mechanism(s) of the inhibition of MyD88 expression by HBV, MyD88 promoter reporter plasmids and vectors expressing different HBV viral proteins were constructed. Co-transfection experiments showed that IFN-induced MyD88 promoter activity was inhibited by HBV polymerase expression in a dose-dependent manner and that the terminal protein (TP) domain of HBV polymerase was responsible for this antagonistic activity. Analysis of site mutants showed that the region targeted by the polymerase protein contained the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) binding site. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that the IFN-induced DNA-binding activity of Stat1 was affected. Further study demonstrated that the HBV polymerase protein inhibited the Stat1 nuclear translocation induced by IFN-alpha, but did not induce Stat1 degradation nor interfere with its phosphorylation. In addition, HBV polymerase could inhibit the transcriptional activity of other IFN-stimulated response element-driven promoters and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as Stat1 and ISG15. In summary, these results indicate that HBV polymerase is a general inhibitor of IFN signalling and can inhibit IFN-inducible MyD88 expression by inhibiting the activity of the MyD88 promoter through blocking the nuclear translocation of Stat1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Lin
- Institutes of Medical Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Institutes of Medical Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinic Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Filby A, Seddon B, Kleczkowska J, Salmond R, Tomlinson P, Smida M, Lindquist JA, Schraven B, Zamoyska R. Fyn Regulates the Duration of TCR Engagement Needed for Commitment to Effector Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4635-44. [PMID: 17878361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.7.4635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In naive T cells, engagement of the TCR with agonist peptide:MHC molecules leads to phosphorylation of key intracellular signaling intermediates within seconds and this peaks within minutes. However, the cell does not commit to proliferation and IL-2 cytokine production unless receptor contact is sustained for several hours. The biochemical basis for this transition to full activation may underlie how T cells receive survival signals while maintaining tolerance, and is currently not well understood. We show here that for CD8 T cells commitment to proliferation and cytokine production requires sustained activation of the Src family kinase Lck and is opposed by the action of Fyn. Thus, in the absence of Fyn, commitment to activation occurs more rapidly, the cells produce more IL-2, and undergo more rounds of division. Our data demonstrate a role for Fyn in modulating the response to Ag in primary T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Filby
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Svec A. Expression of transmembrane adaptor protein PAG/Cbp in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: immunohistochemical study of 73 cases. Pathol Res Pract 2007; 203:193-8. [PMID: 17382485 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PAG/Cbp is a transmembrane adaptor protein involved in proximal immune signaling. It is expressed in reactive germinal centers (GC) of secondary lymphatic follicles and related malignant lymphomas. We studied PAG/Cbp expression in GC-like and non-GC-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtypes. Seventy-three cases of DLBCL identified among 155 malignant lymphomas were classified as GC-like DLBCL (CD10+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, and MUM1-) and non-GC-like DLBCL (CD10-, MUM1+ or CD10-, bcl-6+, MUM1+). PAG/Cbp was detected by monoclonal antibody MEM-255 following routine immunohistochemical procedures. Thirty-five of 40 GC-like DLBCLs (88%) and 20 of 33 non-GC-like DLBCL cases (61%) expressed PAG/Cbp. Four of 12 bcl-6-negative non-GC-like DLBCL cases (33%) were PAG/Cbp positive, and only 4 of 20 bcl-6-positive non-GC-like DLBCL cases (25%) were PAG/CBP negative. All 37 FL and all 5 Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) expressed PAG/Cbp, whereas all 6 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) and 4 of 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL/SLL) were PAG/Cbp negative. PAG/Cbp is a reliable GC marker. Its expression correlates with GC-like DLBC phenotype in a significant majority of cases. It is typically absent in MCL and SLL/CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Svec
- Department of Cellular Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
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20
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Solomon S, Xu Y, Wang B, David MD, Schubert P, Kennedy D, Schrader JW. Distinct structural features of caprin-1 mediate its interaction with G3BP-1 and its induction of phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha, entry to cytoplasmic stress granules, and selective interaction with a subset of mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:2324-42. [PMID: 17210633 PMCID: PMC1820512 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02300-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caprin-1 is a ubiquitously expressed, well-conserved cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that is needed for normal progression through the G(1)-S phase of the cell cycle and occurs in postsynaptic granules in dendrites of neurons. We demonstrate that Caprin-1 colocalizes with RasGAP SH3 domain binding protein-1 (G3BP-1) in cytoplasmic RNA granules associated with microtubules and concentrated in the leading and trailing edge of migrating cells. Caprin-1 exhibits a highly conserved motif, F(M/I/L)Q(D/E)Sx(I/L)D that binds to the NTF-2-like domain of G3BP-1. The carboxy-terminal region of Caprin-1 selectively bound mRNA for c-Myc or cyclin D2, this binding being diminished by mutation of the three RGG motifs and abolished by deletion of the RGG-rich region. Overexpression of Caprin-1 induced phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF-2alpha) through a mechanism that depended on its ability to bind mRNA, resulting in global inhibition of protein synthesis. However, cells lacking Caprin-1 exhibited no changes in global rates of protein synthesis, suggesting that physiologically, the effects of Caprin-1 on translation were limited to restricted subsets of mRNAs. Overexpression of Caprin-1 induced the formation of cytoplasmic stress granules (SG). Its ability to bind RNA was required to induce SG formation but not necessarily its ability to enter SG. The ability of Caprin-1 or G3BP-1 to induce SG formation or enter them did not depend on their association with each other. The Caprin-1/G3BP-1 complex is likely to regulate the transport and translation of mRNAs of proteins involved with synaptic plasticity in neurons and cellular proliferation and migration in multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Solomon
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z3, Canada
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21
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Yi Z, Fang C, Pan T, Wang J, Yang P, Yuan Z. Subproteomic study of hepatitis C virus replicon reveals Ras-GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 as potential HCV RC component. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:174-8. [PMID: 16996479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA synthesis takes place on a detergent resistant membrane (DRM) structure. To identify potential cellular proteins related to HCV replication complexes (RC), we purified DRMs from HCV subgenomic replicon cells and its parental Huh7 cells. The proteins of DRM fractions were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometry. Comparing with parental Huh7 cells, 60 proteins were up-regulated while 14 proteins were down-regulated in HCV replicon cells. Ras-GTPase-activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1), one of the elevated proteins, was found to be associated with HCV NS5B and knockdown of G3BP1 by siRNA in HCV replicon cells significantly reduced HCV replication, which may indicate it a potential component of HCV RC. These results suggest that HCV viral gene and proteins may regulate the presence of host cellular proteins in DRM, ensure appropriate concentrations of replication components, and hence control the rates or efficiencies of HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Roux MM, Townley IK, Raisch M, Reade A, Bradham C, Humphreys G, Gunaratne HJ, Killian CE, Moy G, Su YH, Ettensohn CA, Wilt F, Vacquier VD, Burke RD, Wessel G, Foltz KR. A functional genomic and proteomic perspective of sea urchin calcium signaling and egg activation. Dev Biol 2006; 300:416-33. [PMID: 17054939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sea urchin egg has a rich history of contributions to our understanding of fundamental questions of egg activation at fertilization. Within seconds of sperm-egg interaction, calcium is released from the egg endoplasmic reticulum, launching the zygote into the mitotic cell cycle and the developmental program. The sequence of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome offers unique opportunities to apply functional genomic and proteomic approaches to investigate the repertoire and regulation of Ca(2+) signaling and homeostasis modules present in the egg and zygote. The sea urchin "calcium toolkit" as predicted by the genome is described. Emphasis is on the Ca(2+) signaling modules operating during egg activation, but the Ca(2+) signaling repertoire has ramifications for later developmental events and adult physiology as well. Presented here are the mechanisms that control the initial release of Ca(2+) at fertilization and additional signaling components predicted by the genome and found to be expressed and operating in eggs at fertilization. The initial release of Ca(2+) serves to coordinate egg activation, which is largely a phenomenon of post-translational modifications, especially dynamic protein phosphorylation. Functional proteomics can now be used to identify the phosphoproteome in general and specific kinase targets in particular. This approach is described along with findings to date. Key outstanding questions regarding the activation of the developmental program are framed in the context of what has been learned from the genome and how this knowledge can be applied to functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Roux
- Department MCD Biology and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
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23
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Giallourakis C, Cao Z, Green T, Wachtel H, Xie X, Lopez-Illasaca M, Daly M, Rioux J, Xavier R. A molecular-properties-based approach to understanding PDZ domain proteins and PDZ ligands. Genes Dev 2006; 16:1056-72. [PMID: 16825666 PMCID: PMC1524865 DOI: 10.1101/gr.5285206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PDZ domain-containing proteins and their interaction partners are mutated in numerous human diseases and function in complexes regulating epithelial polarity, ion channels, cochlear hair cell development, vesicular sorting, and neuronal synaptic communication. Among several properties of a collection of documented PDZ domain-ligand interactions, we discovered embedded in a large-scale expression data set the existence of a significant level of co-regulation between PDZ domain-encoding genes and these ligands. From this observation, we show how integration of expression data, a comparative genomics catalog of 899 mammalian genes with conserved PDZ-binding motifs, phylogenetic analysis, and literature mining can be utilized to infer PDZ complexes. Using molecular studies we map novel interaction partners for the PDZ proteins DLG1 and CARD11. These results provide insight into the diverse roles of PDZ-ligand complexes in cellular signaling and provide a computational framework for the genome-wide evaluation of PDZ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmas Giallourakis
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zhifang Cao
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Todd Green
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Xiaohui Xie
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Marco Lopez-Illasaca
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mark Daly
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - John Rioux
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Gastrointestinal Unit, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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24
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Tingting P, Caiyun F, Zhigang Y, Pengyuan Y, Zhenghong Y. Subproteomic analysis of the cellular proteins associated with the 3' untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus genome in human liver cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:683-91. [PMID: 16842740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is believed to function in the initiation and regulation of viral RNA replication and protein translation by interacting with the viral and host components. To examine host proteins interacting with the HCV 3'UTR, biotinylated 3'(+)UTR, and its reverse complementary 5'(-)UTR were used in RNA pull-down assay. Cellular proteins from Huh7 cells pulled down by biotinylated RNAs were identified by 2DE/MALDI-TOF MS and 1DE/LC/MS methods. Totally, 10 proteins could be identified from both methods, among which six bound specifically to the 3'(+)UTR, three proteins to the 5'(-)UTR only, and one protein bound to both. Three identified proteins (PCBP2, G3BP1, and DDX1) were selected for further investigation into their possible roles on the HCV replication. Differently regulating effects on HCV replication by siRNA-mediated silencing of these proteins were observed, indicating a complex role of 3'UTR binding proteins on HCV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tingting
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, China
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25
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Nika K, Charvet C, Williams S, Tautz L, Bruckner S, Rahmouni S, Bottini N, Schoenberger SP, Baier G, Altman A, Mustelin T. Lipid raft targeting of hematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase by protein kinase C theta-mediated phosphorylation. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:1806-16. [PMID: 16479000 PMCID: PMC1430257 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.5.1806-1816.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C theta (PKC theta) is unique among PKC isozymes in its translocation to the center of the immune synapse in T cells and its unique downstream signaling. Here we show that the hematopoietic protein tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) also accumulates in the immune synapse in a PKC theta-dependent manner upon antigen recognition by T cells and is phosphorylated by PKC theta at Ser-225, which is required for lipid raft translocation. Immune synapse translocation was completely absent in antigen-specific T cells from PKC theta-/- mice. In intact T cells, HePTP-S225A enhanced T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced NFAT/AP-1 transactivation, while the acidic substitution mutant was as efficient as wild-type HePTP. We conclude that HePTP is phosphorylated in the immune synapse by PKC theta and thereby targeted to lipid rafts to temper TCR signaling. This represents a novel mechanism for the active immune synapse recruitment and activation of a phosphatase in TCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Nika
- Program of Inflammation, Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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26
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Lin YY, Hung CF, Wu TC. Functional Studies of Lymphocytes Using RNAi Technology. Transfus Med Hemother 2006. [DOI: 10.1159/000090204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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