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Vavassori S, Kumar A, Wan GS, Ramanjaneyulu GS, Cavallari M, El Daker S, Beddoe T, Theodossis A, Williams NK, Gostick E, Price DA, Soudamini DU, Voon KK, Olivo M, Rossjohn J, Mori L, De Libero G. Butyrophilin 3A1 binds phosphorylated antigens and stimulates human γδ T cells. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:908-16. [PMID: 23872678 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Human T cells that express a T cell antigen receptor (TCR) containing γ-chain variable region 9 and δ-chain variable region 2 (Vγ9Vδ2) recognize phosphorylated prenyl metabolites as antigens in the presence of antigen-presenting cells but independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the MHC class I-related molecule MR1 and antigen-presenting CD1 molecules. Here we used genetic approaches to identify the molecule that binds and presents phosphorylated antigens. We found that the butyrophilin BTN3A1 bound phosphorylated antigens with low affinity, at a stoichiometry of 1:1, and stimulated mouse T cells with transgenic expression of a human Vγ9Vδ2 TCR. The structures of the BTN3A1 distal domain in complex with host- or microbe-derived phosphorylated antigens had an immunoglobulin-like fold in which the antigens bound in a shallow pocket. Soluble Vγ9Vδ2 TCR interacted specifically with BTN3A1-antigen complexes. Accordingly, BTN3A1 represents an antigen-presenting molecule required for the activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vavassori
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Cogoi S, Ballico M, Bonora GM, Xodo LE. Antiproliferative activity of a triplex-forming oligonucleotide recognizing a Ki-ras polypurine/polypyrimidine motif correlates with protein binding. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 11:465-76. [PMID: 15118760 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Ki-ras gene is frequently mutated and/or overexpressed in human cancer. Since it is suspected to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many tumors, there is interest to search for strategies aiming at the specific inhibition of this oncogene. In this paper, we investigated the capacity of a 20 mer G-rich oligonucleotide (ODN20) conjugated to high molecular weight monomethoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) to inhibit the expression of the Ki-ras gene and the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. The conjugate, MPEG ODN20, was designed to form a triplex with a critical pur/pyr sequence located in the promoter of the Ki-ras gene. To make the conjugate resistant to endogenous and exogenous nucleases, five phosphorothioate linkages were introduced in its backbone. Confocal microscopy and FACS experiments showed that MPEG ODN20 had a higher capacity to penetrate the cell membranes and accumulate in the nucleus of Panc-1 cells than ODN20. Incubation of Panc-1 cells with MPEG ODN20 reduced specifically the levels of Ki-ras mRNA and RAS protein p21RAS. A single-dose administration of MPEG ODN20 was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation by about 50% compared with control. By contrast, the antiproliferative activity of the unconjugated ODN20 analog was found to be not significant. Band-shift and footprinting experiments showed that MPEG ODN20 formed a weak triplex (Kd approximately 1.5 microM at 37 degrees C, 50 mM Tris-acetate, pH 7.4, 10 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM spermidine) with the Ki-ras pyr/pur motif, suggesting that its bioactivity can hardly be mediated by a triplex-based mechanism. Here, we provide evidence that, in vitro, ODN20 and MPEG ODN20 competitively inhibit the binding to the Ki-ras pur/pyr motif of a nuclear protein, suggesting that the activity of MPEG ODN20 occurs with an aptameric mechanism. The biological implications of this study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Cogoi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, Piazzale Kolbe 4, Università di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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3
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San Miguel JF, Sanz GF, Vallespí T, del Cañizo MC, Sanz MA. Myelodysplastic syndromes. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1996; 23:57-93. [PMID: 8817082 DOI: 10.1016/1040-8428(96)00197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J F San Miguel
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario of Salamanca, Spain
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4
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Lim SW, Falk RE, Look RM, Fuerst MM, Lawrence GN, Kusuanco DA, Giles FJ. Translocation (12;15)(p13;q13) in a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1996; 86:165-7. [PMID: 8603347 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(95)00187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with a history of leukopenia who developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FAB M2 and was successfully treated with induction and consolidation chemotherapy. She relapsed 7 months after initial diagnosis. Peripheral blood cells at relapse showed a t(12;15)(p13;q13), which has not been previously described in de novo or relapsed AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
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5
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Nilbert M, Rydholm A, Mitelman F, Meltzer PS, Mandahl N. Characterization of the 12q13-15 amplicon in soft tissue tumors. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1995; 83:32-6. [PMID: 7656201 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(95)00016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of the genes MDM2, SAS, and CDK4, all located on the long arm of chromosome 12, has recently been demonstrated in human soft tissue tumors. To determine the extent of the amplification unit, we examined 16 soft tissue tumor samples, including pleomorphic liposarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), and atypical lipoma, by Southern blot analysis using 13 chromosome 12 probes. All tumors had previously been shown to have 3- to 20-fold amplification of MDM2. In five samples, all MFH, only MDM2 was amplified, whereas in the remaining 11 samples, two to five additional genes were amplified. The amplicon included markers both proximal and distal to MDM2, but was in all but one atypical lipoma confined to the chromosome region 12q13-15. Discontinuous amplicons were found in two of the tumors. This study indicates that MDM2, or possibly an as-yet-unidentified gene in its proximity, is the target gene of the 12q13-15 amplification in soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nilbert
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Sweden
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6
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Noël P, Tefferi A, Pierre RV, Jenkins RB, Dewald GW. Karyotypic analysis in primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Rev 1993; 7:10-8. [PMID: 8467227 DOI: 10.1016/0268-960x(93)90019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetics has provided new insights into the biology and pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes. In patients with refractory anemia, it has provided proof of clonality and has helped differentiate chronic myelomonocytic leukemia from chronic myeloid leukemia. As a prognostic tool, cytogenetics has been predictive of duration of survival and leukemic transformation. However, its role as an independent prognostic factor compared with recent prognostic scoring systems remains to be determined. New techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization using chromosome-specific DNA probes may expand the usefulness of cytogenetics. The prognostic impact of cytogenetics may not be fully realized until more effective treatments become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Noël
- Division of Hematology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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7
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Badía L, Alvarez MA, Palau F, Prieto F. Translocation (12;14)(q13;q32) in myelodysplastic syndrome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1993; 65:76-8. [PMID: 8431921 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(93)90064-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient diagnosed with refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) who underwent an evolution to a nonlymphocytic acute leukemia (ANLL-M5a). Initial cytogenetic study showed a diploid karyotype; however, when ANLL-M5a was diagnosed, the bone marrow (BM) cells showed a t(12;14)(q13;q32), which to our knowledge has not been described previously in a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).
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MESH Headings
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/complications
- Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts/genetics
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/etiology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Preleukemia/genetics
- Proto-Oncogenes
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- L Badía
- Unidad de Genética Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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8
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Clark P, Jones KL, Freidenberg GR. Duplication (20p) in association with thyroid carcinoma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 45:14-6. [PMID: 8418651 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a girl with short stature, mental retardation, mutism, "coarse" facial appearance, and papillary-follicular thyroid carcinoma. She had dup(20p) derived from a paternal balanced translocation [(12p;20p)]. We speculate that the carcinoma in our patient may be related to the deletion of material from 12p resulting in absence of genetic material normally required for the suppression of thyroid tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Clark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
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9
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Boyle JM, Hey Y, Myers K, Stern PL, Grzeschik FH, Ikehara Y, Misumi Y, Fox M. Regional localization of a trophoblast antigen-related sequence and 16 other sequences to human chromosomes 6q using somatic cell hybrids. Genomics 1992; 12:693-8. [PMID: 1572643 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(92)90296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Using a panel of 13 hybrid cell lines, we have regionally localized 22 markers to the long arm of chromosome 6. Revised or new locations are provided for 17 of the markers, and preliminary assignments to chromosome 6 of 11 loci are confirmed. The location of NT5, previously determined by antigen expression in hybrids, has been confirmed at 6q14-q15 by using a cDNA probe. Other DNA probes include one new anonymous sequence, designated D6S130, that maps to 6q12 and 4 VNTR probes that map to the proterminal band, 6q27. Probe CRI-L1065 also maps to 6q21, CRI-994 maps to 6q21-qter, and CRI-L322 maps to 6q14-15, information that may assist the merging of physical and genetic maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Boyle
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
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10
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Simard J, Bérubé D, Sandberg M, Grzeschik KH, Gagné R, Hansson V, Jahnsen T. Assignment of the gene encoding the catalytic subunit C beta of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to the p36 band on chromosome 1. Hum Genet 1992; 88:653-7. [PMID: 1551670 DOI: 10.1007/bf02265292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA for the human catalytic subunit (C beta) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) has been cloned from a testis cDNA library. In the present study, we have determined the chromosomal localization of this gene using a cDNA for C beta as a probe. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from human/mouse cell hybrids revealed that the presence or absence of a 20-kb XbaI fragment, which hybridized with the C beta probe, was concordant with the presence of human chromosome 1. In situ hybridization to metaphase chromosome confirmed the somatic cell hybrid data and regionally mapped the C beta gene of PKA to the p36 band on chromosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simard
- MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, Québec, Canada
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11
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Melanitou E, Simon-Chazottes D, Guénet JL, Rougeon F. The gene coding for the kidney androgen-regulated protein (Kap), maps between the Gapd and Kras-2 genes on mouse chromosome 6. Mamm Genome 1991; 1:191-2. [PMID: 1686731 DOI: 10.1007/bf00351066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Melanitou
- Unité de Génétique et Biochimie du développement Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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12
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Gogusev J, Barbey S, Nezelof C. Genotype markers and proto-oncogene analysis in the CD30-positive "malignant histiocytosis" DEL cell line with t(5;6)(q35;p21). Int J Cancer 1990; 46:106-12. [PMID: 2163988 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910460120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The DEL cell line isolated from a patient who died of malignant histiocytosis exhibits a reciprocal chromosomal translocation t(5;6)(5q35;6p21). The cells were analyzed for Ig(Jh), TCR beta-gene rearrangements and proto-oncogene expression pattern, using a panel of molecularly cloned probes that included c-fms, c-myc, c-myb, c-pim, c-fos, N-myc, c-sis, c-fgr as well as the virally derived probes v-ki-ras and v-src. Consistent levels of expression of c-fms, c-myc, c-myb, c-ki-ras and c-fgr were identified in cells from several in vitro passages as well as from the heterotransplanted tumors in nude mice. Transcripts homologous to the c-fos, c-src and c-sis were not observed. Southern blot study of DNA showed that the banding pattern of the screened proto-oncogenes was not altered. Furthermore, Southern blot analysis demonstrated monoallelic immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgJh) rearrangement but a normal germ-line configuration of the kappa light chain and TCR beta-genes. These results appear to imply that a T- or B-cell origin can be eliminated and that several activated proto-oncogenes, usually expressed in immature MPS cells (c-fms) and myeloblastic cells (c-fgr), may be implicated in the proliferative activity of the DEL cell line, the stem of which may be a primitive, ancestral myelomonocytic cell.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Line
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
- DNA Probes
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genetic Markers
- Genotype
- Histiocytic Sarcoma/genetics
- Humans
- Ki-1 Antigen
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogenes/genetics
- Translocation, Genetic/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gogusev
- Collège de France, Laboratoire de Médecine Expérimentale, Paris
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13
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Rousseau-Merck MF, Zahraoui A, Bernheim A, Touchot N, Miglierina R, Tavitian A, Berger R. Chromosome mapping of the human ras-related rab3A gene to 19p13.2. Genomics 1989; 5:694-8. [PMID: 2687157 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(89)90110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The rab genes belong to one of the three main branches of the ras super family. The encoded rab proteins share 38 to 75% amino acid identity with the yeast YPT1 and SEC4 proteins. We used the human rab3A cDNA to map the corresponding gene on human chromosomes by chromosome sorting and in situ hybridization. Both techniques allowed the assignment of the rab3A gene to chromosome 19 with a regional localization on 19p13.2 obtained by in situ hybridization.
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14
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Boyle JM, Hey Y, Grzeschik KH, Thompson L, Munro E, Fox M. Regional localization of human ecto-5' nucleotidase to chromosome 6q14-q21. Hum Genet 1989; 83:179-80. [PMID: 2550355 DOI: 10.1007/bf00286714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human and mouse hybrids that contain fragments of human chromosome 6 as translocations were analysed for expression of ecto-5' nucleotidase enzymic activity measured by the conversion of AMP to adenosine and for antigenicity recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for the human isozyme. Both methods allow a regional assignment of ecto-5'nucleotidase to 6q14-q21.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Boyle
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, UK
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16
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Srivastava A, Boswell HS, Heerema NA, Nahreini P, Lauer RC, Antony AC, Hoffman R, Tricot GJ. KRAS2 oncogene overexpression in myelodysplastic syndrome with translocation 5;12. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1988; 35:61-71. [PMID: 3180012 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(88)90123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The factors that initiate and maintain the abnormal hematopoietic clone in the myelo-dysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain largely unknown. We describe a patient with MDS associated with an abnormal karyotype, 46,XY,t(5;12)(q31;p12). According to the FAB cooperative group classification, the patient was classified as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Because of the particular chromosomal translocation, the structure-function relationship of three genes relevant to the translocation breakpoints, CSF2, FMS, and KRAS2, was studied in bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes in this patient. No major structural alterations were observed at these three genetic loci. Although the levels of expression of the CSF2 and FMS genes remained unaltered, the KRAS2 oncogene was overexpressed approximately six-fold in bone marrow cells from the MDS patient compared with normal donors. We postulate that the RAS oncogene activation may be instrumental in the genesis of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46223
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17
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Musilova J, Michalova K. Chromosome study of 85 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1988; 33:39-50. [PMID: 3164239 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(88)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied bone marrow chromosomes in 85 consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Fifty-seven (67%) had a clone with an abnormal karyotype at diagnosis. Eight had secondary MDS, all with abnormal karyotypes. The frequency of abnormal karyotypes in the primary MDS was 64.9%. During subsequent follow-up, five patients acquired chromosome abnormalities; thus, at the end of the study, 72.0% of patients had an abnormal karyotype. The most frequent chromosome abnormalities were 5q-, +8, -7, -5, and -22. Forty patients (i.e., 70% of those with an abnormal karyotype and 47% of the whole group) had one of the karyotype abnormalities associated with secondary MDS or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia; in other words, 5q- or -5, or -7. Of all patients, 21.1% progressed into ANLL. Unfavorable prognostic factors associated with the risk of evolution into ANLL and with shorter overall survival were the presence of greater than 5% of bone marrow blasts, major chromosome abnormalities, and monosomy 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Musilova
- 3rd Medical Department, Faculty of Medicine, Praha, Czechoslovakia
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18
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Abstract
Chromosome 6 contains several clinically important markers as well as classical enzyme loci, proto-oncogenes, and a growing number of anonymous DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). It is also of unique interest because of the location of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on the short arm, at 6p21.3. The MHC is one of the most detailed areas of the human genetic map to date and many important diseases, some of a suspected autoimmune aetiology, are associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunliffe
- Human Immunogenetics Laboratory, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London
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19
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Markkanen A, Ruutu T, Rasi V, Franssila K, Knuutila S, de la Chapelle A. Constitutional translocation t(3;6)(p14;p11) in a family with hematologic malignancies. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1987; 25:87-95. [PMID: 3467836 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(87)90163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a family with an inherited constitutional balanced translocation t(3;6)(p14;p11) and hematologic malignancies. Of two proven translocation carriers, one had acute myeloid leukemia and the other had myelofibrosis. A third member who had died of acute leukemia was a possible translocation carrier (chromosome analysis had not been performed). Five healthy translocation carriers were detected. Neither the translocation nor additional hematologic malignancies were found outside the nuclear family. It could not be definitely clarified if this constitutional translocation predisposes to hematologic malignancies. Breakpoint 3p14 has previously been implicated in recurrent cancer-associated rearrangements but 6p11 has not. We suggest that other investigators look for involvement of these breakpoints in cancer patients.
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20
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Weh HJ, Calavrezos A, Seeger D, Kuse R, Hossfeld DK. Cytogenetic studies in 69 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Eur J Haematol 1987; 38:166-72. [PMID: 3595811 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1987.tb01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic studies were performed in 69 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes classified according to the FAB proposals. Overall incidence of chromosomal anomalies was 48% with 5q-, +8, 12p-,-7/7q- being the aberrations most often found. The 12p- chromosome showed a close correlation with a prior exposure to mutagenic agents and CMML. Although there were no group-specific cytogenetic anomalies, FAB classification strongly influenced their incidence. They were lower (36%) in RA/RA-S than in RAEB/RAEB-T/CMML (53%). Chromosomal anomalies were significantly more often found in patients with a prior exposure to carcinogenic agents (80%) than in unexposed patients (33%). The presence of chromosomal anomalies did not predict a higher risk of leukemic transformation.
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21
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Berger R, Bernheim A, Le Coniat M, Vecchione D, Pacot A, Daniel MT, Flandrin G. Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 12 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and dysmyelopoietic syndrome. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1986; 19:281-9. [PMID: 3943049 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(86)90057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome #12 (12p) were found in 18 patients, 7 with previously untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and 11 with dysmyelopoietic syndromes (MDS) or ANLL following treatment for another malignant disease. The chromosome #12 abnormality was a partial deletion in 15 patients and a translocation in 3. The 12p- was the sole chromosomal abnormality in seven patients (four with de novo ANLL) and was associated with other chromosome abnormalities in eight patients. Thus, partial monosomy for 12p was often associated with other chromosomal changes and was a secondary abnormality in some cases. The consequences of this hemizygosity for genes located at 12p are discussed with references to the possible expression of a potentially mutated recessive gene. The study of c-K-ras 2, normally located at 12p, must be done in such cases, as the association of secondary blood disorders and multiple chromosome abnormalities suggests a possible mutation of this c-oncogene on chromosome #12.
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22
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Sakaguchi AY, Mohandas T, Naylor SL. A human c-src gene resides on the proximal long arm of chromosome 20 (cen----q131). CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1985; 18:123-9. [PMID: 2996754 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(85)90062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A molecular clone of v-src, the oncogene of Rous sarcoma virus, was used to detect and regionally localize a human c-src proto-oncogene on chromosome #20. The human c-src gene, detected as either a 28-kbp EcoRI DNA fragment or as a 15.4-kbp BglII DNA fragment, was localized to 20 cen----q131 by filter hybridization analysis of DNAs from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The results indicate that c-src is on the same chromosome arm as aberrations associated with myeloproliferative disease, although the possible involvement of c-src in these aberrations is unknown.
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Abstract
Chromosomes with regions rich in mitotic chiasmata in Bloom syndrome (1,3,6,11,12,17,19, and 22) have been compared for various parameters to similar-sized chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 10, 9, 18, 20, and 21 with the following results: (1) The number of genes localized on the test chromosomes is significantly higher (248) than that in the control chromosomes (133). (2) The number of trisomic abortions is significantly lower (45) for the test chromosomes than for the control chromosomes (140). (3) Homogeneously stained regions in neuroblastoma lie at chiasma-containing regions on chromosome arms 1p, 6p, 17q, and 19p or q. (4) The average chiasma density of regions with at least one oncogene is 2.414, whereas that of regions containing no known oncogene is 1.137; however, the difference is not statistically significant. The association of constant cancer chromosome breaks is also in the positive direction, but is not statistically significant. Our tentative conclusion is that the chiasma-rich regions which are Q-dark and early-replicating, and therefore assumed to contain active "housekeeping" genes are extended in interphase. Thus they are available for mitotic crossing-over. In the trisomic state they act as trisomy lethals, leading to early abortions. Being gene-rich they are more likely to contain oncogenes which is reflected also in their agreement with cancer breakpoints. The very high incidence of cancer in Bloom syndrome is a further indication of the possible association of cancer-related phenomena and mitotic crossing-over.
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Oncogenes and the Genetic Dissection of Human Cancer: Implications for Basic Research and Clinical Medicine. PROGRESS IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND MEDICINE 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-70570-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Brissenden JE, Ullrich A, Francke U. Human chromosomal mapping of genes for insulin-like growth factors I and II and epidermal growth factor. Nature 1984; 310:781-4. [PMID: 6382023 DOI: 10.1038/310781a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many of the actions previously attributed to pituitary-derived growth hormone are mediated by polypeptide growth factors. These include the insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), which are members of the insulin family of proteins. We report here the chromosomal mapping of the human genes for IGF-I and IGF-II. IGF-II maps to the short arm of chromosome 11, which also contains the gene for insulin and the proto-oncogene c-Ha-ras1 (ref. 9). IGF-I maps to chromosome 12, which is evolutionarily related to chromosome 11 and carries the gene for the proto-oncogene c-Ki-ras2 (refs 10,44). We have also localized the human gene for an unrelated polypeptide hormone, epidermal growth factor, to chromosome 4q, in the same region as another specialized growth factor, T-cell growth factor. We speculate that these map assignments reflect the existence of gene families involved in growth control.
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