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Serrano K, Bezrutczyk M, Goudeau D, Dao T, O'Malley R, Malmstrom RR, Visel A, Scheller HV, Cole B. Spatial co-transcriptomics reveals discrete stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:673-688. [PMID: 38589485 PMCID: PMC11035146 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is ancient and widespread. Plants provide AM fungi with carbon in exchange for nutrients and water, making this interaction a prime target for crop improvement. However, plant-fungal interactions are restricted to a small subset of root cells, precluding the application of most conventional functional genomic techniques to study the molecular bases of these interactions. Here we used single-nucleus and spatial RNA sequencing to explore both Medicago truncatula and Rhizophagus irregularis transcriptomes in AM symbiosis at cellular and spatial resolution. Integrated, spatially registered single-cell maps revealed infected and uninfected plant root cell types. We observed that cortex cells exhibit distinct transcriptome profiles during different stages of colonization by AM fungi, indicating dynamic interplay between both organisms during establishment of the cellular interface enabling successful symbiosis. Our study provides insight into a symbiotic relationship of major agricultural and environmental importance and demonstrates a paradigm combining single-cell and spatial transcriptomics for the analysis of complex organismal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Serrano
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Bezrutczyk
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Goudeau
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Thai Dao
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronan O'Malley
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rex R Malmstrom
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Axel Visel
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Cole
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Oddi L, Volpe V, Carotenuto G, Politi M, Barni E, Crosino A, Siniscalco C, Genre A. Boosting species evenness, productivity and weed control in a mixed meadow by promoting arbuscular mycorrhizas. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1303750. [PMID: 38390295 PMCID: PMC10883063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Lowland meadows represent aboveground and belowground biodiversity reservoirs in intensive agricultural areas, improving water retention and filtration, ensuring forage production, contrasting erosion and contributing to soil fertility and carbon sequestration. Besides such major ecosystem services, the presence of functionally different plant species improves forage quality, nutritional value and productivity, also limiting the establishment of weeds and alien species. Here, we tested the effectiveness of a commercial seed mixture in restoring a lowland mixed meadow in the presence or absence of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biostimulation of symbiosis development with the addition of short chain chito-oligosaccharides (CO). Plant community composition, phenology and productivity were regularly monitored alongside AM colonization in control, inoculated and CO-treated inoculated plots. Our analyses revealed that the CO treatment accelerated symbiosis development significantly increasing root colonization by AM fungi. Moreover, the combination of AM fungal inoculation and CO treatment improved plant species evenness and productivity with more balanced composition in forage species. Altogether, our study presented a successful and scalable strategy for the reintroduction of mixed meadows as valuable sources of forage biomass; demonstrated the positive impact of CO treatment on AM development in an agronomic context, extending previous observations developed under controlled laboratory conditions and leading the way to the application in sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mara Politi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Crosino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Arrobas M, Raimundo S, Conceição N, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia CM, Rodrigues MÂ. On Sandy, Boron-Poor Soils, Liming Induced Severe Boron Deficiency and Drastically Reduced the Dry Matter Yield of Young Olive Trees. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4161. [PMID: 38140487 PMCID: PMC10748051 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
In the northeast of Portugal, like in many parts of the world, most soils are acidic, which may hamper crop productivity. This study presents the findings of a factorial experiment on olive (Olea europaea L.) involving three factors: (i) soil type [schist (Sch) and granite (Gra)]; (ii) cultivars [Cobrançosa (Cob) and Arbequina (Arb)]; and (iii) fertilizer treatments [liming (CaCO3) plus magnesium (Mg) (LMg), phosphorus (P) application (+P), boron (B) application (+B), all fertilizing materials combined (Con+), and an untreated control (Con-)]. Dry matter yield (DMY) did not show significant differences between cultivars, but plants grown in schist soil exhibited significantly higher biomass compared to those in granite soil. Among the treatments, +B and Con+ resulted in the highest DMY (50.8 and 47.2 g pot-1, respectively), followed by +P (34.3 g pot-1) and Con- (28.6 g pot-1). Treatment LMg yielded significantly lower values (15.6 g pot-1) than Con-. LMg raised the pH above 7 (7.36), leading to a severe B deficiency. Although Con+ also raised the pH above 7 (7.48), it ranked among the most productive treatments for providing B. Therefore, when applying lime to B-poor sandy soils, moderate rates are advised to avoid inducing a B deficiency. Additionally, it seems prudent to apply B after lime application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Arrobas
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.A.); (S.R.); (N.C.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Soraia Raimundo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.A.); (S.R.); (N.C.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Nuno Conceição
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.A.); (S.R.); (N.C.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.M.-P.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Carlos Manuel Correia
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.M.-P.); (C.M.C.)
| | - Manuel Ângelo Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (M.A.); (S.R.); (N.C.)
- Laboratório para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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Wu F, Zhao M, Zhang Y, Si W, Cheng B, Li X. Systematic analysis of the Rboh gene family in seven gramineous plants and its roles in response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:603. [PMID: 38030972 PMCID: PMC10688149 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) gene family produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and it plays key roles in plant-microbe interaction. Most Rboh gene family-related studies mainly focused on dicotyledonous plants; however, little is known about the roles of Rboh genes in gramineae. RESULTS A total of 106 Rboh genes were identified in seven gramineae species, including Zea mays, Sorghum bicolor, Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Setaria italica, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum. The Rboh protein sequences showed high similarities, suggesting that they may have conserved functions across different species. Duplication mode analysis detected whole-genome/segmental duplication (WGD)/(SD) and dispersed in the seven species. Interestingly, two local duplication (LD, including tandem and proximal duplication) modes were found in Z. mays, S. italica and H. vulgare, while four LD were detected in T. aestivum, indicating that these genes may have similar functions. Collinearity analysis indicated that Rboh genes are at a stable evolution state in all the seven species. Besides, Rboh genes from Z. mays were closely related to those from S. bicolor, consistent with the current understanding of plant evolutionary history. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genes in the subgroups I and II may participate in plant-AM fungus symbiosis. Cis-element analysis showed that different numbers of elements are related to fungal induction in the promoter region. Expression profiles of Rboh genes in Z. mays suggested that Rboh genes had distinct spatial expression patterns. By inoculation with AM fungi, our transcriptome analysis showed that the expression of Rboh genes varies upon AM fungal inoculation. In particularly, ZmRbohF was significantly upregulated after inoculation with AM fungi. pZmRbohF::GUS expression analyses indicated that ZmRbohF was induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize. By comparing WT and ZmRbohF mutant, we found ZmRbohF had limited impact on the establishment of maize-AM fungi symbiosis, but play critical roles in regulating the proper development of arbuscules. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution relationship of Rboh genes in seven gramineae species. Results showed that several Rboh genes regulate maize-AM fungal symbiosis process. This study provides valuable information for further studies of Rboh genes in gramineae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulang Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Manli Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yajing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Weina Si
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University of China, Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Wang S, Ren Y, Han L, Nie Y, Zhang S, Xie X, Hu W, Chen H, Tang M. Insights on the Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis on Eucalyptus grandis Tolerance to Drought Stress. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0438122. [PMID: 36927000 PMCID: PMC10100883 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04381-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress has a negative impact on plant growth and production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which establish symbioses with most terrestrial vascular plant species, play important roles in improving host plant mineral nutrient acquisition and resistance to drought. However, the physiological and molecular regulation mechanisms occurring in mycorrhizal Eucalyptus grandis coping with drought stress remain unclear. Here, we studied the physiological changes and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade gene expression profiles of E. grandis associated with AM fungi under drought stress. The results showed that colonization by AM fungi significantly enhanced plant growth, with higher plant biomass, shoot height, root length, and relative water content (RWC) under drought conditions. Mycorrhizal plants had lower levels of accumulation of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, and O2·- than seedlings not colonized with AM fungi. In addition, mycorrhizal E. grandis also had higher peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities under drought conditions, improving the antioxidant system response. Eighteen MAPK cascade genes were isolated from E. grandis, and the expression levels of the MAPK cascade genes were positively induced by symbiosis with AM fungi, which was correlated with changes in the proline, MDA, H2O2, and O2·- contents and POD, SOD, and CAT activities. In summary, our results showed that AM symbiosis enhances E. grandis drought tolerance by regulating plant antioxidation abilities and MAPK cascade gene expression. IMPORTANCE Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in improving plant growth and development under drought stress. The MAPK cascade may regulate many physiological and biochemical processes in plants in response to drought stress. Previous studies have shown that there is a complex regulatory network between the plant MAPK cascade and drought stress. However, the relationship between the E. grandis MAPK cascade and AM symbiosis in coping with drought remains to be investigated. Our results suggest that AM fungi could improve plant drought tolerance mainly by improving the antioxidant ability to protect plants from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alleviate oxidative stress damage. The expression of the MAPK cascade genes was induced in mycorrhizal E. grandis seedlings under drought stress. This study revealed that MAPK cascade regulation is of special significance for improving the drought tolerance of E. grandis. This study provides a reference for improving mycorrhizal seedling cultivation under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Han
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Nuclear Genome Sequence and Gene Expression of an Intracellular Fungal Endophyte Stimulating the Growth of Cranberry Plants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010126. [PMID: 36675947 PMCID: PMC9861600 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ericaceae thrive in poor soil, which we postulate is facilitated by microbes living inside those plants. Here, we investigate the growth stimulation of the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) by one of its fungal endosymbionts, EC4. We show that the symbiont resides inside the epidermal root cells of the host but extends into the rhizosphere via its hyphae. Morphological classification of this fungus is ambiguous, but phylogenetic inference based on 28S rRNA identifies EC4 as a Codinaeella species (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycetes). We sequenced the genome and transcriptome of EC4, providing the first 'Omics' information of a Chaetosphaeriaceae fungus. The 55.3-Mbp nuclear genome contains 17,582 potential protein-coding genes, of which nearly 500 have the capacity to promote plant growth. For comparing gene sets involved in biofertilization, we annotated the published genome assembly of the plant-growth-promoting Trichoderma hamatum. The number of proteins involved in phosphate transport and solubilization is similar in the two fungi. In contrast, EC4 has ~50% more genes associated with ammonium, nitrate/nitrite transport, and phytohormone synthesis. The expression of 36 presumed plant-growth-promoting EC4 genes is stimulated when the fungus is in contact with the plant. Thus, Omics and in-plantae tests make EC4 a promising candidate for cranberry biofertilization on nutrient-poor soils.
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Signaling and Detoxification Strategies in Plant-Microbes Symbiosis under Heavy Metal Stress: A Mechanistic Understanding. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010069. [PMID: 36677361 PMCID: PMC9865731 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants typically interact with a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi, and other organisms, in their above- and below-ground parts. In the biosphere, the interactions of plants with diverse microbes enable them to acquire a wide range of symbiotic advantages, resulting in enhanced plant growth and development and stress tolerance to toxic metals (TMs). Recent studies have shown that certain microorganisms can reduce the accumulation of TMs in plants through various mechanisms and can reduce the bioavailability of TMs in soil. However, relevant progress is lacking in summarization. This review mechanistically summarizes the common mediating pathways, detoxification strategies, and homeostatic mechanisms based on the research progress of the joint prevention and control of TMs by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-plant and Rhizobium-plant interactions. Given the importance of tripartite mutualism in the plant-microbe system, it is necessary to further explore key signaling molecules to understand the role of plant-microbe mutualism in improving plant tolerance under heavy metal stress in the contaminated soil environments. It is hoped that our findings will be useful in studying plant stress tolerance under a broad range of environmental conditions and will help in developing new technologies for ensuring crop health and performance in future.
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Sharma M, Delta AK, Dhanda PS, Kaushik P, Mohanta YK, Saravanan M, Mohanta TK. AMF and PSB applications modulated the biochemical and mineral content of the eggplants. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1371-1378. [PMID: 35996801 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the beneficial role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in improving eggplant fruits' biochemical composition and mineral content. The plants were treated with AMF Acaulospora laevis, and bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the corresponding variations were measured for mineral content (Ca, Fe, Mg, K, and P), biochemical parameters (dry matter, total soluble solid [TSS], phenolics, chlorogenic acid, vitamin C) along with arbuscular mycorrhiza spore number, and percentage of root colonization. The AMF and PSB-mediated soil and root-associated nutrients become available for uptake via mineralization, solubilization, and mobilization, primarily through the generation of organic acids and P-hydrolysing enzymes by the microbes. All the treatments showed a significant increase in the concentrations of different biochemical components. However, the combination of both A. laevis and P. fluorescens was found to be the most efficient. These results indicated the possibility of A. laevis and P. fluorescens being used as biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil K Delta
- Department of Chemistry, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India
| | - Parmdeep S Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yugal K Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Tapan K Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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Islam M, Al-Hashimi A, Ayshasiddeka M, Ali H, El Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ, Sayyed RZ, Yeasmin T. Prevalence of mycorrhizae in host plants and rhizosphere soil: A biodiversity aspect. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266403. [PMID: 35358287 PMCID: PMC8970520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants roots are colonized by soil inhabitants known as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which increase plant productivity, and enhance carbon storage in the soil. We found mycorrhizal vesicles, arbuscles, and mycelium in the root of more than 89% of the selected plants of University of Rajshahi campus, Bangladesh. The rate of their presence differed in plant to plant of a family and different families. The highest root colonization (98±1.0%) was found to be present in Xanthium strumarium (Asteraceae). Mycorrhiza was not found in the root of Sphagneticola calendulacea (Asteraceae), Cestrun nocturnum (Solanaceae), Acacia nilotica and Acacia catechu (Mimosoidae), Rorippa nasturtium, Brassica oleracla var botrytis (Brasicaceae), Punica granatum (Lythraceae), Tecoma capensis (Bignoniacea), Spinacia oleracia (Chenopodiaceae), Chenopodium album (Goosefoot). Result of soil analysis reveals that the rhizospheric soils were deficient in nutrients which might be suitable for mycorrhizal symbiosis with plants. In the rhizospheric soils, 22 species of Glomus, Scutelospora, Gigaspora, Archaeospora, and Acullospora were found. We also found the genera ’Glomus’ dominance in the plant root and rhizospheric soil. So, it can be concluded that the highly colonized roots as well as spores can be used to prepare mycorrhizal inoculum for future purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mosa Ayshasiddeka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Hanif Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S I Patil Arts, G B Patel Science, and STKVS Commerce College, Shahada, India
- Department of Entomology, Asian PGPR Society, Aurburn University, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RZS); (TY)
| | - Tanzima Yeasmin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
- * E-mail: (RZS); (TY)
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McDonald TR, Rizvi MF, Ruiter BL, Roy R, Reinders A, Ward JM. Posttranslational regulation of transporters important for symbiotic interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:941-954. [PMID: 34850211 PMCID: PMC8825328 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated sharing of nutritional resources is a central feature of symbiotic interactions, and, despite the importance of this topic, many questions remain concerning the identification, activity, and regulation of transporter proteins involved. Recent progress in obtaining genome and transcriptome sequences for symbiotic organisms provides a wealth of information on plant, fungal, and bacterial transporters that can be applied to these questions. In this update, we focus on legume-rhizobia and mycorrhizal symbioses and how transporters at the symbiotic interfaces can be regulated at the protein level. We point out areas where more research is needed and ways that an understanding of transporter mechanism and energetics can focus hypotheses. Protein phosphorylation is a predominant mechanism of posttranslational regulation of transporters in general and at the symbiotic interface specifically. Other mechanisms of transporter regulation, such as protein-protein interaction, including transporter multimerization, polar localization, and regulation by pH and membrane potential are also important at the symbiotic interface. Most of the transporters that function in the symbiotic interface are members of transporter families; we bring in relevant information on posttranslational regulation within transporter families to help generate hypotheses for transporter regulation at the symbiotic interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami R McDonald
- Department of Biology, St Catherine University, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Madeeha F Rizvi
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bretton L Ruiter
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rahul Roy
- Department of Biology, St Catherine University, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anke Reinders
- College of Continuing and Professional Studies, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Author for communication:
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11
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Gao T, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao K, Shan L, Wu Q, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ma F, Li C. Exogenous dopamine and overexpression of the dopamine synthase gene MdTYDC alleviated apple replant disease. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1524-1541. [PMID: 33171491 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease that leads to economic losses due to reduced plant growth and diminished fruit yields. Dopamine is involved in interactions between plants and pathogens. However, it remains unclear whether dopamine can directly stimulate defense responses to ARD. In this study, an exogenous dopamine treatment and dopamine synthetase MdTYDC (tyrosine decarboxylase) transgenic plants were used to verify the role of dopamine in treating ARD. First, 2-year-old apple trees (Malus domestica cv. Fuji), grafted onto rootstock M26, were grown in replant soils. The addition of dopamine (100 μM) to the soil promoted seedling growth and changed the accumulation of mineral elements in plants in replant soils. Such supplementation improved the activity of invertase, urease, proteinase and phosphatase under replant conditions. Sequencing analysis of 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA revealed that dopamine had a slight influence on bacterial diversity but had an obvious effect on the fungal diversity in replant soils. The application of dopamine to replant soil changed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities. Second, overexpression of MdTYDC in apple plants alleviated the effects of ARD. MdTYDC transgenic lines exhibited mitigated ARD through inhibited degradation of photosynthetic pigment, maintaining the stability of photosystems I and II and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, overexpression of MdTYDC improved arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization by improving the accumulation of soluble sugars under replant conditions. Together, these results demonstrated that dopamine enhances the tolerance of apples to ARD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yusong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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12
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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Reduced the Growth of Pre-Rooted Olive Cuttings in a Greenhouse. SOIL SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems5020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of commercial mycorrhizal fungi on pre-rooted olive cuttings was assessed. The study consisted of two experiments, the first arranged as a factorial design with three cultivars (Cobrançosa, Madural, and Verdeal Transmontana) and three soil treatments (commercial mycorrhizal fungi, zeolites, and control) and the second as a completely randomized design with three treatments (commercial mycorrhizal fungi, sterilized soil, and control). Cobrançosa grew better than the other cultivars, showing good rooting and initial growth features. Mycorrhizal plants showed reduced growth in comparison to those of the untreated control. This result was explained by competition for photosynthates between plant growth and the expansion of fungi hyphae. Cuttings of reduced leaf area and a twin-wall polycarbonate cover of the greenhouse, somewhat opaque to photosynthetic active radiation, may also have contributed to limit the maximum photosynthetic rate and delay the growth of the inoculated plants. Accordingly, in the mycorrhizal pots, the soil organic carbon (C) increased, probably due to the presence of fungi hyphae in soil samples. Zeolites reduced plant dry matter (DM) yield and tissue phosphorus (P) concentration compared to the control, while increasing the availability in the soil of the cations present in their initial composition. Soil sterilization seems to have reduced soil P bioavailability by inactivating soil enzymes. This study showed that the inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi of pre-rooted cuttings can delay their initial growth. Although these plants may be better prepared to grow in the field, in the short term, their lower development can be a problem for the nurseryman.
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13
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Wang L, Somera TS, Hargarten H, Honaas L, Mazzola M. Comparative Analysis of the Apple Root Transcriptome as Affected by Rootstock Genotype and Brassicaceae Seed Meal Soil Amendment: Implications for Plant Health. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040763. [PMID: 33917441 PMCID: PMC8067487 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae seed meal (SM) soil amendment has been utilized as an effective strategy to control the biological complex of organisms, which includes oomycetes, fungi, and parasitic nematodes, that incites the phenomenon termed apple replant disease. Soil-borne disease control attained in response to Brassicaceae SM amendment is reliant on multiple chemical and biological attributes, including specific SM-generated modifications to the soil/rhizosphere microbiome. In this study, we conducted a comparative analyses of apple root gene expression as influenced by rootstock genotype combined with a seed meal (SM) soil amendment. Apple replant disease (ARD) susceptible (M.26) and tolerant (G.210) rootstocks cultivated in SM-amended soil exhibited differential gene expression relative to corresponding non-treated control (NTC) orchard soil. The temporal dynamics of gene expression indicated that the SM-amended soil system altered the trajectory of the root transcriptome in a genotype-specific manner. In both genotypes, the expression of genes related to plant defense and hormone signaling were altered in SM-amended soil, suggesting SM-responsive phytohormone regulation. Altered gene expression was temporally associated with changes in rhizosphere microbiome density and composition in the SM-treated soil. Gene expression analysis across the two rootstocks cultivated in the pathogen-infested NTC soil showed genotype-specific responses indicative of different defensive strategies. These results are consistent with previously described resistance mechanisms of ARD “tolerant” rootstock cultivars and also add to our understanding of the multiple mechanisms by which SM soil amendment and the resulting rhizosphere microbiome affect apple rootstock physiology. Future studies which assess transcriptomic and metagenomic data in parallel will be important for illuminating important connections between specific rhizosphere microbiota, gene-regulation, and plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Tracey S. Somera
- USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA; (T.S.S.); (H.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Heidi Hargarten
- USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA; (T.S.S.); (H.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Loren Honaas
- USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA; (T.S.S.); (H.H.); (L.H.)
| | - Mark Mazzola
- USDA-ARS Tree Fruit Research Lab, 1104 N. Western Ave, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA; (T.S.S.); (H.H.); (L.H.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7600, South Africa
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-670-1189
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14
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Crosino A, Moscato E, Blangetti M, Carotenuto G, Spina F, Bordignon S, Puech-Pagès V, Anfossi L, Volpe V, Prandi C, Gobetto R, Varese GC, Genre A. Extraction of short chain chitooligosaccharides from fungal biomass and their use as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3798. [PMID: 33589668 PMCID: PMC7884697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Short chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) are chitin derivative molecules involved in plant-fungus signaling during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interactions. In host plants, COs activate a symbiotic signalling pathway that regulates AM-related gene expression. Furthermore, exogenous CO application was shown to promote AM establishment, with a major interest for agricultural applications of AM fungi as biofertilizers. Currently, the main source of commercial COs is from the shrimp processing industry, but purification costs and environmental concerns limit the convenience of this approach. In an attempt to find a low cost and low impact alternative, this work aimed to isolate, characterize and test the bioactivity of COs from selected strains of phylogenetically distant filamentous fungi: Pleurotus ostreatus, Cunninghamella bertholletiae and Trichoderma viride. Our optimized protocol successfully isolated short chain COs from lyophilized fungal biomass. Fungal COs were more acetylated and displayed a higher biological activity compared to shrimp-derived COs, a feature that-alongside low production costs-opens promising perspectives for the large scale use of COs in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Crosino
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Moscato
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Virginie Puech-Pagès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Gobetto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Science and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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15
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Gilbert SF. Evolutionary developmental biology and sustainability: A biology of resilience. Evol Dev 2021; 23:273-291. [PMID: 33400344 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary developmental biology, and especially ecological developmental biology, is essential for discussions of sustainability and the responses to global climate change. First, this paper explores examples of animals that have successfully altered their development to accommodate human-made changes to their environments. We next document the ability of global warming to disrupt the development of those organisms with temperature-dependent sex-determination or with phenologies coordinating that organism's development with those of other species. The thermotolerance of Homo sapiens is also related to key developmental factors concerning brain development and maintenance, and the development of corals, the keystone organisms of tropical reefs, is discussed in relation to global warming as well as to other anthropogenic changes. While teratogenic and endocrine-disrupting compounds are not discussed in this essay, the ability of glyphosate herbicides to block insect development is highlighted. Last, the paper discusses the need to creatively integrate developmental biology with ecological, political, religious, and economic perspectives, as the flourishing of contemporary species may require altering the ways that Western science has considered the categories of nature, culture, and self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Gilbert
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Singh U, Akhtar O, Mishra R, Zoomi I, Kehri HK, Pandey D. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Biodiversity, Interaction with Plants, and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Mycorrhizal Fungi were More Effective than Zeolites in Increasing the Growth of Non-Irrigated Young Olive Trees. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su122410630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Four soil treatments, consisting of two commercial mycorrhizal fungi, one zeolite and an untreated control, were arranged in a factorial design with two foliar fertilization treatments, a foliar spray and a control to study the effects of commercial mycorrhizal fungi and zeolites on the growth of young, rainfed olive trees planted in very acidic soil. The concentrations in the plant tissues of most of essential nutrients, particularly nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and boron (B), did not significantly change with the soil treatments, whereas leaf N and B concentrations significantly increased with foliar fertilization. Leaf calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) levels were found to be much lower than their respective sufficiency ranges and increased with soil amendments, also giving positive outcomes for plant water status, photosynthetic activity and assimilation area. Ultimately, the mycorrhizal fungi increased the growth of the young trees, whereas the effect of zeolites was much smaller and not significantly different to the control. Thus, it seems that in this very acidic soil and under rainfed conditions, the major benefits for plants from the application of mycorrhizal fungi and zeolites were the alleviation of drought stress and tissue Ca and Mg disorders.
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18
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Miozzi L, Vaira AM, Brilli F, Casarin V, Berti M, Ferrandino A, Nerva L, Accotto GP, Lanfranco L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis Primes Tolerance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Tomato. Viruses 2020; 12:E675. [PMID: 32580438 PMCID: PMC7354615 DOI: 10.3390/v12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato plants can establish symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) able to promote plant nutrition and prime systemic plant defenses against pathogens attack; the mechanism involved is known as mycorrhiza-induced resistance (MIR). However, studies on the effect of AMF on viral infection, still limited and not conclusive, indicate that AMF colonization may have a detrimental effect on plant defenses against viruses, so that the term "mycorrhiza-induced susceptibility" (MIS) has been proposed for these cases. To expand the case studies to a not yet tested viral family, that is, Bromoviridae, we investigated the effect of the colonization by the AMF Funneliformis mosseae on cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection in tomato by phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional analyses. Our results showed that the establishment of a functional AM symbiosis is able to limit symptoms development. Physiological and transcriptomic data highlighted that AMF mitigates the drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes and the reduction of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate caused by CMV infection. In parallel, an increase of salicylic acid level and a modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes, toward a limitation of ROS accumulation, was specifically observed in CMV-infected mycorrhizal plants. Overall, our data indicate that the AM symbiosis influences the development of CMV infection in tomato plants and exerts a priming effect able to enhance tolerance to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miozzi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Vaira
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Federico Brilli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Unit of Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy;
| | - Valerio Casarin
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Mara Berti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Alessandra Ferrandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | - Luca Nerva
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics—Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology CREA-VE, Via XXVIII Aprile 26, 31015 Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Accotto
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (IPSP-CNR), Torino, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (A.M.V.); (V.C.); (M.B.); (L.N.); (G.P.A.)
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy
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19
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Roy R, Reinders A, Ward JM, McDonald TR. Understanding transport processes in lichen, Azolla-cyanobacteria, ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza, and rhizobia-legume symbiotic interactions. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047609 PMCID: PMC6979478 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19740.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate interactions between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms require the orchestrated transfer of ions and metabolites between species. We review recent progress in identifying and characterizing the transport proteins involved in five mutualistic symbiotic interactions: lichens,
Azolla–cyanobacteria, ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza, and rhizobia–legumes. This review focuses on transporters for nitrogen and carbon and other solutes exchanged in the interactions. Their predicted functions are evaluated on the basis of their transport mechanism and prevailing transmembrane gradients of H
+ and transported substrates. The symbiotic interactions are presented in the assumed order from oldest to most recently evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anke Reinders
- College of Continuing and Professional Studies, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tami R McDonald
- Biology Department, St. Catherine University, Minnesota, USA
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20
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Fonseca-García C, Zayas AE, Montiel J, Nava N, Sánchez F, Quinto C. Transcriptome analysis of the differential effect of the NADPH oxidase gene RbohB in Phaseolus vulgaris roots following Rhizobium tropici and Rhizophagus irregularis inoculation. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:800. [PMID: 31684871 PMCID: PMC6827182 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by NADPH oxidases known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) in plants. ROS regulate various cellular processes, including the mutualistic interactions between legumes and nitrogen-fixing bacteria or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Rboh is a multigene family comprising nine members (RbohA-I) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The RNA interference-mediated silencing of RbohB (PvRbohB-RNAi) in this species diminished its ROS production and greatly impaired nodulation. By contrast, the PvRbohB-RNAi transgenic roots showed early hyphal root colonization with enlarged fungal hypopodia; therefore, we proposed that PvRbohB positively regulates rhizobial infection (Rhizobium tropici) and inhibits AM colonization by Rhizophagus irregularis in P. vulgaris. RESULTS To corroborate this hypothesis, an RNA-Seq transcriptomic analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in the PvRbohB-RNAi roots inoculated with Rhizobium tropici or Rhizophagus irregularis. We found that, in the early stages, root nodule symbioses generated larger changes of the transcriptome than did AM symbioses in P. vulgaris. Genes related to ROS homeostasis and cell wall flexibility were markedly upregulated in the early stages of rhizobial colonization, but not during AM colonization. Compared with AM colonization, the rhizobia induced the expression of a greater number of genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of auxins, cytokinins, and ethylene, which were typically repressed in the PvRbohB-RNAi roots. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides substantial insights into the genetic interaction networks in the early stages of rhizobia and AM symbioses with P. vulgaris, as well as the differential roles that RbohB plays in processes related to ROS scavenging, cell wall remodeling, and phytohormone homeostasis during nodulation and mycorrhization in this legume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citlali Fonseca-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Alejandra E Zayas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Jesús Montiel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, C 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Noreide Nava
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Federico Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Carmen Quinto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico.
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Berger A, Boscari A, Frendo P, Brouquisse R. Nitric oxide signaling, metabolism and toxicity in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4505-4520. [PMID: 30968126 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between legumes and rhizobia lead to the establishment of a symbiotic relationship characterized by the formation of a new organ, the nodule, which facilitates the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) by nitrogenase through the creation of a hypoxic environment. Significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) accumulate at different stages of nodule development, suggesting that NO performs specific signaling and/or metabolic functions during symbiosis. NO, which regulates nodule gene expression, accumulates to high levels in hypoxic nodules. NO accumulation is considered to assist energy metabolism within the hypoxic environment of the nodule via a phytoglobin-NO-mediated respiration process. NO is a potent inhibitor of the activity of nitrogenase and other plant and bacterial enzymes, acting as a developmental signal in the induction of nodule senescence. Hence, key questions concern the relative importance of the signaling and metabolic functions of NO versus its toxic action and how NO levels are regulated to be compatible with nitrogen fixation functions. This review analyses these paradoxical roles of NO at various stages of symbiosis, and highlights the role of plant phytoglobins and bacterial hemoproteins in the control of NO accumulation.
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Dreyer I, Spitz O, Kanonenberg K, Montag K, Handrich MR, Ahmad S, Schott‐Verdugo S, Navarro‐Retamal C, Rubio‐Meléndez ME, Gomez‐Porras JL, Riedelsberger J, Molina‐Montenegro MA, Succurro A, Zuccaro A, Gould SB, Bauer P, Schmitt L, Gohlke H. Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1043-1053. [PMID: 30565261 PMCID: PMC6667911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To obtain insights into the dynamics of nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, we modelled mathematically the two-membrane system at the plant-fungus interface and simulated its dynamics. In computational cell biology experiments, the full range of nutrient transport pathways was tested for their ability to exchange phosphorus (P)/carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) sources. As a result, we obtained a thermodynamically justified, independent and comprehensive model of the dynamics of the nutrient exchange at the plant-fungus contact zone. The predicted optimal transporter network coincides with the transporter set independently confirmed in wet-laboratory experiments previously, indicating that all essential transporter types have been discovered. The thermodynamic analyses suggest that phosphate is released from the fungus via proton-coupled phosphate transporters rather than anion channels. Optimal transport pathways, such as cation channels or proton-coupled symporters, shuttle nutrients together with a positive charge across the membranes. Only in exceptional cases does electroneutral transport via diffusion facilitators appear to be plausible. The thermodynamic models presented here can be generalized and adapted to other forms of mycorrhiza and open the door for future studies combining wet-laboratory experiments with computational simulations to obtain a deeper understanding of the investigated phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Olivia Spitz
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Kanonenberg
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Karolin Montag
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria R. Handrich
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Molecular EvolutionHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sabahuddin Ahmad
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Stephan Schott‐Verdugo
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Carlos Navarro‐Retamal
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - María E. Rubio‐Meléndez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Judith L. Gomez‐Porras
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Instalación en la AcademiaNúcleo Científico MultidisciplinarioDirección de InvestigaciónVicerrectoría AcadémicaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Marco A. Molina‐Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaAvenida Lircay s/nTalca3460000Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA)Universidad Católica del NorteAvda. Larrondo 1281CoquimboChile
| | - Antonella Succurro
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) InstituteUniversity of BonnCarl‐Troll‐Str. 3153115 BonnGermany
- Botanical InstituteCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of Cologne50674KolnGermany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical InstituteCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of Cologne50674KolnGermany
| | - Sven B. Gould
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Molecular EvolutionHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Petra Bauer
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC)Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) & Institute for Complex Systems – Structural Biochemistry (ICS‐6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
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23
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Hartmann RM, Schaepe S, Nübel D, Petersen AC, Bertolini M, Vasilev J, Küster H, Hohnjec N. Insights into the complex role of GRAS transcription factors in the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3360. [PMID: 30833646 PMCID: PMC6399340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve access to limiting nutrients, the vast majority of land plants forms arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses with Glomeromycota fungi. We show here that AM-related GRAS transcription factors from different subgroups are upregulated during a time course of mycorrhization. Based on expression studies in mutants defective in arbuscule branching (ram1-1, with a deleted MtRam1 GRAS transcription factor gene) or in the formation of functional arbuscules (pt4-2, mutated in the phosphate transporter gene MtPt4), we demonstrate that the five AM-related GRAS transcription factor genes MtGras1, MtGras4, MtGras6, MtGras7, and MtRad1 can be differentiated by their dependency on MtRAM1 and MtPT4, indicating that the network of AM-related GRAS transcription factors consists of at least two regulatory modules. One module involves the MtRAM1- and MtPT4-independent transcription factor MtGRAS4 that activates MtGras7. Another module is controlled by the MtRAM1- and MtPT4-dependent transcription factor MtGRAS1. Genome-wide expression profiles of mycorrhized MtGras1 knockdown and ram1-1 roots differ substantially, indicating different targets. Although an MtGras1 knockdown reduces transcription of AM-related GRAS transcription factor genes including MtRam1 and MtGras7, MtGras1 overexpression alone is not sufficient to activate MtGras genes. MtGras1 knockdown roots display normal fungal colonization, with a trend towards the formation of smaller arbuscules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rico M Hartmann
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sieke Schaepe
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Nübel
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arne C Petersen
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Bertolini
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jana Vasilev
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helge Küster
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Natalija Hohnjec
- Unit IV-Plant Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419, Hannover, Germany
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von Sivers L, Jaspar H, Johst B, Roese M, Bitterlich M, Franken P, Kühn C. Brassinosteroids Affect the Symbiosis Between the AM Fungus Rhizoglomus irregularis and Solanaceous Host Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:571. [PMID: 31156660 PMCID: PMC6530493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Together with several proteins involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and synthesis, the membrane steroid binding protein 1 (MSBP1) was identified within the interactome of the sucrose transporter of tomato (SlSUT2). We asked whether MSBP1 is also involved in BR signaling as assumed for the AtMSBP1 protein from Arabidopsis and whether it impacts root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a similar way as shown previously for SlSUT2. In addition, we asked whether brassinosteroids per se affect efficiency of root colonization by AM fungi. We carried out a set of experiments with transgenic tobacco plants with increased and decreased MSBP1 expression levels. We investigated the plant and the mycorrhizal phenotype of these transgenic plants and tested the involvement of MSBP1 in BR metabolism by application of epi-brassinolide and brassinazole, an inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. We show that the phenotype of the transgenic tobacco plants with increased or reduced MSBP1 expression is consistent with an inhibitory role of MSBP1 in BR signaling. MSBP1 overexpression could be mimicked by brassinazole treatment. Interestingly, manipulation of MSBP1 expression in transgenic tobacco plants not only affected plant growth and development, but also the host plant responses toward colonization with AM fungi, as well as arbuscular architecture. Moreover, we observed that brassinosteroids indeed have a direct impact on the nutrient exchange in AM symbiosis and on the biomass production of colonized host plants. Furthermore, arbuscular morphology is affected by changes in MSBP1 expression and brassinolide or brassinazole treatments. We conclude that host plant growth responses and nutrient exchange within the symbiosis with AM fungi is controlled by brassinosteroids and might be impeded by the MSBP1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea von Sivers
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Jaspar
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Johst
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Roese
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bitterlich
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Philipp Franken
- Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Christina Kühn
- Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Kühn, ;
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25
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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26
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Vitorino LC, Bessa LA. Technological Microbiology: Development and Applications. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:827. [PMID: 28539920 PMCID: PMC5423913 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over thousands of years, modernization could be predicted for the use of microorganisms in the production of foods and beverages. However, the current accelerated pace of new food production is due to the rapid incorporation of biotechnological techniques that allow the rapid identification of new molecules and microorganisms or even the genetic improvement of known species. At no other time in history have microorganisms been so present in areas such as agriculture and medicine, except as recognized villains. Currently, however, beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth promoters and phytopathogen controllers are required by various agricultural crops, and many species are being used as biofactories of important pharmacological molecules. The use of biofactories does not end there: microorganisms have been explored for the synthesis of diverse chemicals, fuel molecules, and industrial polymers, and strains environmentally important due to their biodecomposing or biosorption capacity have gained interest in research laboratories and in industrial activities. We call this new microbiology Technological Microbiology, and we believe that complex techniques, such as heterologous expression and metabolic engineering, can be increasingly incorporated into this applied science, allowing the generation of new and improved products and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C. Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Goiano Federal InstituteGoiás, Brazil
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