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Cai X, Peng Y, Yang G, Feng L, Tian X, Huang P, Mao Y, Xu L. Populational genomic insights of Paraclostridium bifermentans as an emerging human pathogen. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1293206. [PMID: 38029151 PMCID: PMC10665999 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1293206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraclostridium bifermentans (P.b) is an emerging human pathogen that is phylogenomically close to Paeniclostridium sordellii (P.s), while their populational genomic features and virulence capacity remain understudied. Here, we performed comparative genomic analyses of P.b and compared their pan-genomic features and virulence coding profiles to those of P.s. Our results revealed that P.b has a more plastic pangenome, a larger genome size, and a higher GC content than P.s. Interestingly, the P.b and P.s share similar core-genomic functions, but P.b encodes more functions in nutrient metabolism and energy conversion and fewer functions in host defense in their accessory-genomes. The P.b may initiate extracellular infection processes similar to those of P.s and Clostridium perfringens by encoding three toxin homologs (i.e., microbial collagenase, thiol-activated cytolysin, phospholipase C, which are involved in extracellular matrices degradation and membrane damaging) in their core-genomes. However, P.b is less toxic than the P.s by encoding fewer secretion toxins in the core-genome and fewer lethal toxins in the accessory-genome. Notably, P.b carries more toxins genes in their accessory-genomes, particularly those of plasmid origin. Moreover, three within-species and highly conserved plasmid groups, encoding virulence, gene acquisition, and adaptation, were carried by 25-33% of P.b strains and clustered by isolation source rather than geography. This study characterized the pan-genomic virulence features of P.b for the first time, and revealed that P. bifermentans is an emerging pathogen that can threaten human health in many aspects, emphasizing the importance of phenotypic and genomic characterizations of in situ clinical isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunchao Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gongli Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Mao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Long Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Wu K, Li Z, Fang M, Yuan Y, Fox EM, Liu Y, Li R, Bai L, Zhang W, Zhang WM, Yang Q, Chang L, Li P, Wang X, Wang J, Yang Z. Genome characteristics of the optrA-positive Clostridium perfringens strain QHY-2 carrying a novel plasmid type. mSystems 2023; 8:e0053523. [PMID: 37458450 PMCID: PMC10469678 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00535-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a bacterial species of importance to both public and animal health. The gene optrA is the first gene that confers resistance to the tedizolid, a last-resort antimicrobial agent in human medicine. Herein, we whole-genome sequenced and analyzed one optrA-positive C. perfringens strain QHY-2 from Tibetan sheep in Qinghai province and identified one optrA plasmid pQHY-2. The plasmid shared similar structure with the optrA-positive plasmids p2C45 and p21-D-5b previously identified in C. perfringens, demonstrating the potential horizontal transmission of the optrA plasmids among C. perfringens strains. Annotation of the optrA-positive plasmids showed optrA and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element IS1216E, and fexA, optrA, and erm(A) located on a segment flanked by IS element ISVlu1, which revealed the possible dissemination mechanism. Additionally, a Tn6218-like transposon carrying aac(6')-aph(2″) and erm(B) was also detected on pQHY-2, demonstrating the transposition of Tn6218 and spread of antibiotic resistance among Clostridium bacteria. Molecular analysis indicated the optrA-positive plasmids belonged to a plasmid type distinct from the pCW3-like plasmids, pCP13-like plasmids, or pIP404-like plasmids. Further structure analysis showed they might be formed by inserting segments into plasmid pCPCPI53k-r1_1, which coexist with two pCW3-like plasmids and one pCP13-like plasmid in C. perfringens strain CPI 53k-r1 isolated from a healthy human in Finland. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is now a global concern posing threats to food safety and public health. The pCW3-like plasmids can encode several main toxin genes and three antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including tetA(P), tetB(P), and erm(B), which used to be considered as the main carrier of ARGs in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, we found the optrA plasmids, which belonged to a novel plasmid type, could also harbor many other ARGs, indicating this type of plasmid might be the potential repository of ARGs in C. perfringens. Additionally, this type of plasmid could coexist with the pCW3-like plasmids and pCP13-like plasmids that encoded toxin genes associated with gastrointestinal diseases, which showed the potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Junan, China
| | - Mingjin Fang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Edward M. Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruichao Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Bai
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Wei-Min Zhang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Ningxia Supervision Institute for Veterinary Drugs and Animal Feedstuffs, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Chang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinglong Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
- Research Unit of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU014); NHC Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (CFSA), Beijing, China
| | - Zengqi Yang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Major Ruminant Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, China
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Mi F, Wang X, Zheng W, Wang J, Lin T, Sun M, Su M, Li H, Ye H. Effects of Different Preparation Methods on Microbiota Composition of Fecal Suspension. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:871-880. [PMID: 36315335 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation is an emerging disease-modifying therapy. The viability of the microbiome in feces and its successful transfer depends on the preparation of fecal microbiota suspension. However, currently, no standard operation procedure is proposed for fecal suspension preparation. This study aims to compare the effect of different preparation methods on the composition of fecal microbiota composition in the rat. Four methods were used to collect the fecal suspension from fresh rat fecal (Group A), including stirring with normal saline (Group B), stirring with normal saline and then standing (Group C), stirring with normal saline and filtered with gauze (Group D), and stirring with normal saline and centrifuged (Group E). 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbiota diversity and composition of each group of samples. Compared with fresh feces, the bacterial richness of the fecal suspension obtained by the four methods was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The structural similarity with fresh fecal microbiota from high to low is groups B, D, C, and E. All four methods changed the microbiota structure to varying degrees, thus may affect the effect of FMT. In conclusion, choosing different methods to prepare fecal suspensions may help to better optimize the application of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxia Mi
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxue Wang
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Lin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Sun
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingli Su
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Ye
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315046, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Deng Q, Wang Z, Wu P, Liang H, Wu H, Zhang L, Ying J. 16S rRNA gene sequencing reveals an altered composition of gut microbiota in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia treated with azithromycin. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2023; 68:253-261. [PMID: 35811116 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most important pathogens causing community acquired pneumonia in children, and the pathogenic mechanism of M. pneumoniae infection is complex. Azithromycin is an effective agent for treating the acquired lower respiratory tract infection and urogenital tract infection with slight adverse reactions. This study aimed to compare the intestinal microflora before (PP1) and after azithromycin intervention (PP2) in children with pneumonia caused by M. pneumoniae, combined with body fluid biochemical analysis to determine the intestinal flora affecting the progress of the disease. Fifteen children diagnosed with M. pneumoniae pneumonia were recruited. The fecal samples and clinical biochemical data were collected. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted by the Beijing Genomics Institute. The operational taxonomic unit abundance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. The species richness analysis showed differences in class, family, genus, order, species, and phylum. The abundance of Haemophilus, Pasteurellales, and Pasteurellaceae was found to be significantly higher in the PP1 group. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the microbes strongly correlated with the clinical features. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data revealed altered composition of gut microbiota in children with M. pneumoniae pneumonia treated with azithromycin. The altered expression of microbes correlated with clinical features, which might help diagnose and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Deng
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Pengmei Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Haixia Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
| | - Jing Ying
- Department of Paediatrics, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, The affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University
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Traore DAK, Torres VVL, Akhtar N, Gummer AM, Flanigan SF, Coulibaly F, Adams V, Whisstock JC, Rood JI. TcpA from the Clostridiumperfringens plasmid pCW3 is more closely related to the DNA translocase FtsK than to coupling proteins. Structure 2023; 31:455-463.e4. [PMID: 36841236 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Conjugative DNA transfer is a major factor in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. In the Gram-positive pathogen Clostridium perfringens, the majority of conjugative plasmids share the conserved tcp locus that governs the assembly of the transfer system. Here, we describe multiple structures of the coupling protein TcpA, an essential ATPase that is suggested to provide the mechanical force to propel the DNA through the transfer apparatus. The structures of TcpA in the presence and absence of nucleotides revealed conformational rearrangements and highlight a crucial role for the unstructured C terminus. Our findings reveal that TcpA shares most structural similarity with the FtsK DNA translocase, a central component of the bacterial cell division machinery. Our structural data suggest that conjugation in C. perfringens may have evolved from the bacterial chromosome segregation system and, accordingly, suggest the possibility that double-stranded DNA is transferred through the Tcp conjugation apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daouda A K Traore
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université des Sciences Techniques et Technologiques de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali; Faculty of Natural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Life Sciences Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France.
| | - Von Vergel L Torres
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naureen Akhtar
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Alexandra M Gummer
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sarena F Flanigan
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vicki Adams
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - James C Whisstock
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Julian I Rood
- Infection Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Evaluation of Predisposing Factors of Necrotic Enteritis in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151880. [PMID: 35892530 PMCID: PMC9331785 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The ban of antibiotic growth promoters in animal feed increased the number of cases of necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers, greatly affecting the poultry industry. The induction of experimental NE faces challenges, as it is a multifactorial disease and the pathogenesis is not fully understood, hampering the development of in vivo studies for disease control and prevention strategies. The literature reports several protocols using different factors to assist in NE induction. This study assessed predisposing factors, such as immunosuppression, infection or both, by Eimeria spp. in broilers (n = 99) fed a wheat-based diet and challenged with three different strains of Clostridium perfringens (CP). Under microscopy, Eimeria spp. had a negative effect on intestinal morphometry and favored the increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes. However, the macroscopic analysis did not show which factor was more effective in potentiating the lesions, suggesting a synergistic effect between the strain of CP used and the predisposing factors. Therefore, each experimental protocol should first be evaluated for the association of the CP strain with the predisposing factors. Abstract Clostridium perfringens is the etiological agent of NE, a disease that greatly affects the poultry industry. Experiments on the induction of NE are difficult to carry out, as it is a multifactorial disease, and thus different predisposing factors have been used. This study evaluated the effect of the Gumboro disease vaccine virus vaccine (IBDV-vac) associated or not with infection by Eimeria spp. in broilers, as a predisposing factor for NE. Broilers (n = 99) were divided into groups (11) challenged with IBDV-vac, Eimeria spp. CP type G (CP13, CP14 and CP03) or both. The macroscopic evaluation revealed that the highest average (3.45) of injury occurred for the CP13 + IBDV-vac group. The microscopic analysis showed that Eimeria spp. increased the population of intraepithelial lymphocytes and reduced the villus/crypt ratio in duodenum and jejunum when associated with CP13 or CP14. There was a synergistic effect between the CP strain used and the predisposing factors; nevertheless, it was not clear which was the most effective predisposing factor to potentiate the lesions, suggesting that the association of the strain with the factors should first be evaluated for each experimental protocol.
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The Specificity of ParR Binding Determines the Incompatibility of Conjugative Plasmids in Clostridium perfringens. mBio 2022; 13:e0135622. [PMID: 35726914 PMCID: PMC9426499 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01356-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmids that encode the same replication machinery are generally unable to coexist in the same bacterial cell. However, Clostridium perfringens strains often carry multiple conjugative toxin or antibiotic resistance plasmids that are closely related and encode similar Rep proteins. In many bacteria, plasmid partitioning upon cell division involves a ParMRC system; in C. perfringens plasmids, there are approximately 10 different ParMRC families, with significant differences in amino acid sequences between each ParM family (15% to 54% identity). Since plasmids carrying genes belonging to the same ParMRC family are not observed in the same strain, these families appear to represent the basis for plasmid compatibility in C. perfringens. To understand this process, we examined the key recognition steps between ParR DNA-binding proteins and their parC binding sites. The ParR proteins bound to sequences within a parC site from the same ParMRC family but could not interact with a parC site from a different ParMRC family. These data provide evidence that compatibility of the conjugative toxin plasmids of C. perfringens is mediated by their parMRC-like partitioning systems. This process provides a selective advantage by enabling the host bacterium to maintain separate plasmids that encode toxins that are specific for different host targets.
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Xie K, Yan Z, Wang W, Luo R, Gao X, Wang P, Yang Q, Huang X, Zhang J, Yang J, Gun S. ssc-microRNA-132 targets DACH1 to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in Clostridium perfringens beta2 toxin-treated porcine intestinal epithelial cells. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104270. [PMID: 34582881 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C (CPC) is one of the chief pathogens that causes diarrhea in piglets, and C. perfringens beta2 (CPB2) toxin is the main virulence factor of CPC. Our previous research demonstrated that ssc-microR-132 was differentially expressed in ileal tissues of CPC-mediated diarrheic piglets and healthy piglets, which implied a potential role of ssc-microR-132 in this process. Here, we found that ssc-microR-132 was notably down-regulated in CPB2-exposed intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), which was consistent with the ileal tissue expression. Moreover, ssc-microR-132 upregulation alleviated CPB2-induced inflammatory damage and apoptosis in IPEC-J2, whereas ssc-microR-132 knockdown presented the opposite effects. Furthermore, the dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that ssc-microR-132 directly targeted Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1). Moreover, DACH1 overexpression intensified CPB2-induced inflammatory injury and apoptosis in IPEC-J2. Remarkably, the introduction of DACH1 weakened the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ssc-microR-132 in CPB2-exposed IPEC-J2. Overall, the results reveal that ssc-microR-132 targeted DACH1 to alleviate CPB2-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in IPEC-J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Zunqiang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Qiaoli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Juanli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China; Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Mehdizadeh Gohari I, A. Navarro M, Li J, Shrestha A, Uzal F, A. McClane B. Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium perfringens. Virulence 2021; 12:723-753. [PMID: 33843463 PMCID: PMC8043184 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1886777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an extremely versatile pathogen of humans and livestock, causing wound infections like gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis/enterocolitis (including one of the most common human food-borne illnesses), and enterotoxemia (where toxins produced in the intestine are absorbed and damage distant organs such as the brain). The virulence of this Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobe is largely attributable to its copious toxin production; the diverse actions and roles in infection of these toxins are now becoming established. Most C. perfringens toxin genes are encoded on conjugative plasmids, including the pCW3-like and the recently discovered pCP13-like plasmid families. Production of C. perfringens toxins is highly regulated via processes involving two-component regulatory systems, quorum sensing and/or sporulation-related alternative sigma factors. Non-toxin factors, such as degradative enzymes like sialidases, are also now being implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These factors can promote toxin action in vitro and, perhaps in vivo, and also enhance C. perfringens intestinal colonization, e.g. NanI sialidase increases C. perfringens adherence to intestinal tissue and generates nutrients for its growth, at least in vitro. The possible virulence contributions of many other factors, such as adhesins, the capsule and biofilms, largely await future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mauricio A. Navarro
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Jihong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Archana Shrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Uzal
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Bruce A. McClane
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Classifying mobile genetic elements and their interactions from sequence data: The importance of existing biological knowledge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2104685118. [PMID: 34453001 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104685118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Li J, Zhou Y, Yang D, Zhang S, Sun Z, Wang Y, Wang S, Wu C. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens in chickens and pigs from Beijing and Shanxi, China. Vet Microbiol 2020; 252:108932. [PMID: 33316633 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in chickens and pigs were investigated in Beijing and Shanxi, China. In total, 322 C. perfringens (chicken n = 60 and pig n = 262) were obtained from 620 feces of chickens (n = 256) and pigs (n = 364). Multiplex PCR for toxin typing of C. perfringens revealed that all the isolates belong to type A, with 45.7 % (147/322) isolates carrying beta-2 toxin-encoding gene cpb2. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of 27 antimicrobial agents showed that 91.0 % of the tested C. perfringens isolates were resistant to gentamicin and sulfonamides (sulfisoxazole and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), and little resistance was showed to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ceftiofur, doxycycline, vancomycin and linezolid. Additionally, nosiheptide, avilamycin, virginiamycin and bacitracin exhibited good activity against the tested C. perfringens with low MIC50 (0.06 to ≤4 μg/mL) and MIC90 values (0.25-8 μg/mL). Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 48 representative isolates from each farm indicated that the C. perfringens contained diverse antimicrobial resistance genes [tetA(P), ant(6)-Ib, erm(Q), etc.] and toxin genes (cpb2, colA, cloSI, pfoA, etc.). By comparative analysis, four C. perfringens isolates from three different pig farms harboured cpb2-carrying plasmid p1 with 100 % nucleotide sequence identity, suggesting horizontal gene transfer among these microorganisms. The further phylogenomic reconstruction, based on the core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the representatives, demonstrating that C. perfringens from the same farms and regions were closely related. These findings expanded our knowledge of C. perfringens isolated from animals in China, which provided scientific basis for efficient intervention or prevention measures of antimicrobial resistance in animal husbandry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dawei Yang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Revitt-Mills SA, Watts TD, Lyras D, Adams V, Rood JI. The ever-expanding tcp conjugation locus of pCW3 from Clostridium perfringens. Plasmid 2020; 113:102516. [PMID: 32526229 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2020.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The spore-forming, anaerobic Gram positive pathogen Clostridium perfringens encodes many of its disease-causing toxins on closely related conjugative plasmids. Studies of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pCW3 have identified many of the genes involved in conjugative transfer, which are located in the tcp conjugation locus. Upstream of this locus is an uncharacterised region (the cnaC region) that is highly conserved. This study examined the importance in pCW3 conjugation of several highly conserved proteins encoded in the cnaC region. Conjugative mating studies suggested that the SrtD, TcpN and Dam proteins were required for efficient pCW3 transfer between C. perfringens cells from the same strain background. The requirement of these proteins for conjugation was amplified in matings between C. perfringens cells of different strain backgrounds. Additionally, the putative collagen adhesin protein, CnaC, was only required for the optimal transfer of pCW3 between cells of different strain backgrounds. Based on these studies we postulate that CnaC, SrtD, TcpN and Dam are involved in enhancing the transfer frequency of pCW3. These studies have led to a significant expansion of the tcp conjugation locus, which now encompasses a 19 kb region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Revitt-Mills
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia.
| | - Thomas D Watts
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Vicki Adams
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julian I Rood
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
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