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Madsen JJ, Yu W. Dynamic Nature of Staphylococcus aureus Type I Signal Peptidases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576923. [PMID: 38328037 PMCID: PMC10849702 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to interrogate the dynamic nature of Staphylococcus aureus Type I signal peptidases, SpsA and SpsB, including the impact of the P29S mutation of SpsB. Fluctuations and plasticity- rigidity characteristics vary among the proteins, particularly in the extracellular domain. Intriguingly, the P29S mutation, which influences susceptibility to arylomycin antibiotics, affect the mechanically coupled motions in SpsB. The integrity of the active site is crucial for catalytic competency, and variations in sampled structural conformations among the proteins are consistent with diverse peptidase capabilities. We also explored the intricate interactions between the proteins and the model S. aureus membrane. It was observed that certain membrane-inserted residues in the loop around residue 50 (50s) and C-terminal loops, beyond the transmembrane domain, give rise to direct interactions with lipids in the bilayer membrane. Our findings are discussed in the context of functional knowledge about these signal peptidases, offering additional understanding of dynamic aspects relevant to some cellular processes with potential implications for drug targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper J. Madsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America
- Center for Global Health and Infectious Diseases Research, Global and Planetary Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America
| | - Wenqi Yu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States of America
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Arboleda-García A, Alarcon-Ruiz I, Boada-Acosta L, Boada Y, Vignoni A, Jantus-Lewintre E. Advancements in synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy: A modular design approach. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 190:104088. [PMID: 37541537 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to program living bacteria cells with artificial genetic circuits for user-defined functions, transforming them into powerful tools with numerous applications in various fields, including oncology. Cancer treatments have serious side effects on patients due to the systemic action of the drugs involved. To address this, new systems that provide localized antitumoral action while minimizing damage to healthy tissues are required. Bacteria, often considered pathogenic agents, have been used as cancer treatments since the early 20th century. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, microbiology, and oncology have improved bacterial therapies, making them safer and more effective. Here we propose six modules for a successful synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy, the modules include Payload, Release, Tumor-targeting, Biocontainment, Memory, and Genetic Circuit Stability Module. These will ensure antitumor activity, safety for the environment and patient, prevent bacterial colonization, maintain cell stability, and prevent loss or defunctionalization of the genetic circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arboleda-García
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Ivan Alarcon-Ruiz
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lissette Boada-Acosta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yadira Boada
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
| | - Alejandro Vignoni
- Systems Biology and Biosystems Control Lab, Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain.
| | - Eloisa Jantus-Lewintre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain; TRIAL Mixed Unit, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe-Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Fundación Investigación del Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Evans DCS, Khamas AB, Marcussen L, Rasmussen KS, Klitgaard JK, Kallipolitis BH, Nielsen J, Otzen DE, Leake MC, Meyer RL. GFP fusions of Sec-routed extracellular proteins in Staphylococcus aureus reveal surface-associated coagulase in biofilms. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:145-156. [PMID: 37395997 PMCID: PMC10311078 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.07.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that utilises many surface-associated and secreted proteins to form biofilms and cause disease. However, our understanding of these processes is limited by challenges of using fluorescent protein reporters in their native environment, because they must be exported and fold correctly to become fluorescent. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using the monomeric superfolder GFP (msfGFP) exported from S. aureus. By fusing msfGFP to signal peptides for the Secretory (Sec) and Twin Arginine Translocation (Tat) pathways, the two major secretion pathways in S. aureus, we quantified msfGFP fluorescence in bacterial cultures and cell-free supernatant from the cultures. When fused to a Tat signal peptide, we detected msfGFP fluorescence inside but not outside bacterial cells, indicating a failure to export msfGFP. However, when fused to a Sec signal peptide, msfGFP fluorescence was present outside cells, indicating successful export of the msfGFP in the unfolded state, followed by extracellular folding and maturation to the photoactive state. We applied this strategy to study coagulase (Coa), a secreted protein and a major contributor to the formation of a fibrin network in S. aureus biofilms that protects bacteria from the host immune system and increases attachment to host surfaces. We confirmed that a genomically integrated C-terminal fusion of Coa to msfGFP does not impair the activity of Coa or its localisation within the biofilm matrix. Our findings demonstrate that msfGFP is a good candidate fluorescent reporter to consider when studying proteins secreted by the Sec pathway in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique C. S. Evans
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
| | - Amanda B. Khamas
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Marcussen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kristian S. Rasmussen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Janne K. Klitgaard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte H. Kallipolitis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Janni Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel E. Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark C. Leake
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rikke L. Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Martínez-Canseco C, Franco-Bourland RE, González-Huerta N, Paredes-Espinosa MA, Giono-Cerezo S, Sánchez-Chapul L, Paniagua-Pérez R, Valdez-Mijares R, Hernández-Flores C. Detection and expression of SapS, a class C nonspecific acid phosphatase with O-phospho-Ltyrosine- phosphatase activity, in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with chronic osteomyelitis. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:200-212. [PMID: 37433170 PMCID: PMC10515701 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The identity of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors involved in chronic osteomyelitis remains unresolved. SapS is a class C non-specific acid phosphatase and a well-known virulence factor that has been identified in S. aureus strain 154 but in protein extracts from rotting vegetables. OBJECTIVE To identify the SapS gene and characterize the activity of SapS from S. aureus strains: 12 isolates from bone infected samples of patients treated for chronic osteomyelitis and 49 from a database with in silico analysis of complete bacterial genomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SapS gene was isolated and sequenced from 12 S. aureus clinical isolates and two reference strains; 49 S. aureus strains and 11 coagulase-negative staphylococci were tested using in silico PCR. Culture media semi-purified protein extracts from the clinical strains were assayed for phosphatase activity with p-nitro-phenylphosphate, O-phospho-L-tyrosine, O-phospho-L-serine, and OphosphoL-threonine in conjunction with various phosphatase inhibitors. RESULTS SapS was detected in the clinical and in-silico S. aureus strains, but not in the in silico coagulase-negative staphylococci strains. Sec-type I lipoprotein-type N-terminal signal peptide sequences; secreted proteins, and aspartate bipartite catalytic domains coding sequences were found in the SapS nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis. SapS dephosphorylated with p-nitro-phenyl-phosphate and ophosphoLtyrosine were selectively resistant to tartrate and fluoride, but sensitive to vanadate and molybdate. CONCLUSION SapS gene was found in the genome of the clinical isolates and the in silico Staphylococcus aureus strains. SapS shares biochemical similarities with known virulent bacterial, such as protein tyrosine phosphatases, suggesting it may be a virulence factor in chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Canseco
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rebecca E Franco-Bourland
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Norma González-Huerta
- Servicio de Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Marco Antonio Paredes-Espinosa
- Servicio de Bioterio y Cirugía Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Laura Sánchez-Chapul
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Rogelio Paniagua-Pérez
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - René Valdez-Mijares
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Cecilia Hernández-Flores
- Servicio de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra", Ciudad de México, México.
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Budama-Kilinc Y, Gok B, Cetin Aluc C, Kecel-Gunduz S. In vitro and in silico evaluation of the design of nano-phyto-drug candidate for oral use against Staphylococcus aureus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15523. [PMID: 37309371 PMCID: PMC10257901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Onopordum acanthium is a medicinal plant with many important properties, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-hypotensive properties. Although various studies reported the biological activities of O. acanthium, there is no study on its nano-phyto-drug formulation. The aim of this study is to develop a candidate nano-drug based on phytotherapeutic constituents and evaluate its efficiency in vitro and in silico. In this context, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) of O. acanthium extract (OAE) were synthesized and characterized. It was determined that the average particle size of OAE-PLGA-NPs was 214.9 ± 6.77 nm, and the zeta potential was -8.03 ± 0.85 mV, and PdI value was 0.064 ± 0.013. The encapsulation efficiency of OAE-PLGA-NPs was calculated as 91%, and the loading capacity as 75.83%. The in vitro drug release study showed that OAE was released from the PLGA NPs with 99.39% over the 6 days. Furthermore, the mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of free OAE and OAE-PLGA-NPs were evaluated by the Ames test and MTT test, respectively. Although 0.75 and 0.37 mg/mL free OAE concentrations caused both frameshift mutation and base pair substitution (p < 0.05), the administered OAE-PLGA NP concentrations were not mutagenic. It was determined with the MTT analysis that the doses of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/mL of free OAE had a cytotoxic effect on the L929 fibroblast cell line (p < 0.05), and OAE-PLGA-NPs had no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, the interaction between the OAE and S. aureus was also investigated using the molecular docking analysis method. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) results were implemented to elucidate the S. aureus MurE inhibition potential of OAE. It was shown that quercetin in the OAE content interacted significantly with the substantial residues in the catalytic pocket of the S. aureus MurE enzyme, and quercetin performed four hydrogen bond interactions corresponding to a low binding energy of -6.77 kcal/mol with catalytic pocket binding residues, which are crucial for the inhibition mechanism of S. aureus MurE. Finally, the bacterial inhibition values of free OAE and OAE-PLGA NPs were determined against S. aureus using a microdilution method. The antibacterial results showed that the inhibition value of the OAE-PLGA NPs was 69%. In conclusion, from the in vitro and in silico results of the nano-sized OAE-PLGA NP formulation produced in this study, it was evaluated that the formulation may be recommended as a safe and effective nano-phyto-drug candidate against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Bioengineering Department, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Gok
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Cetin Aluc
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Abdi Ibrahim Production Facilities, Abdi Ibrahim Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
The microbial secretome modulates how the organism interacts with its environment. Included in the Staphylococcus aureus secretome are extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs) that consist of cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, as well as exoproteins, some cell wall-associated proteins, and glycopolymers. The extent to which MVs contribute to the diverse composition of the secretome is not understood. We performed a proteomic analysis of MVs purified from the S. aureus strain MRSA252 along with a similar analysis of the whole secretome (culture supernatant) before and after depletion of MVs. The MRSA252 secretome was comprised of 1,001 proteins, of which 667 were also present in MVs. Cell membrane-associated proteins and lipoteichoic acid in the culture supernatant were highly associated with MVs, followed by cytoplasmic and extracellular proteins. Few cell wall-associated proteins were contained in MVs, and capsular polysaccharides were found both in the secretome and MVs. When MVs were removed from the culture supernatant by ultracentrifugation, 54 of the secretome proteins were significantly depleted in abundance. Proteins packaged in MVs were characterized by an isoelectric point that was significantly higher than that of proteins excluded from MVs. Our data indicate that the generation of S. aureus MVs is a mechanism by which lipoteichoic acid, cytoplasmic, and cell membrane-associated proteins are released into the secretome. IMPORTANCE The secretome of Staphylococcus aureus includes soluble molecules and nano-sized extracellular membrane vesicles (MVs). The protein composition of both the secretome and MVs includes cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, as well as exoproteins, some cell wall-associated proteins, and glycopolymers. How the MV cargo differs from the protein composition of the secretome has not yet been addressed. Although the compositions of the secretome and MVs were strikingly similar, we identified 54 proteins that were specifically packaged in MVs. Proteins highly associated with MVs were characterized by their abundance in the secretome, an association with the bacterial membrane, and a basic isoelectric point. This study deepens our limited understanding about the contribution of MVs to the secretome of S. aureus.
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Misal SA, Ovhal SD, Li S, Karty JA, Tang H, Radivojac P, Reilly JP. Non-Specific Signal Peptidase Processing of Extracellular Proteins in Staphylococcus aureus N315. Proteomes 2023; 11:proteomes11010008. [PMID: 36810564 PMCID: PMC9944065 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major community-acquired human pathogens, with growing multidrug-resistance, leading to a major threat of more prevalent infections to humans. A variety of virulence factors and toxic proteins are secreted during infection via the general secretory (Sec) pathway, which requires an N-terminal signal peptide to be cleaved from the N-terminus of the protein. This N-terminal signal peptide is recognized and processed by a type I signal peptidase (SPase). SPase-mediated signal peptide processing is the crucial step in the pathogenicity of S. aureus. In the present study, the SPase-mediated N-terminal protein processing and their cleavage specificity were evaluated using a combination of N-terminal amidination bottom-up and top-down proteomics-based mass spectrometry approaches. Secretory proteins were found to be cleaved by SPase, specifically and non-specifically, on both sides of the normal SPase cleavage site. The non-specific cleavages occur at the relatively smaller residues that are present next to the -1, +1, and +2 locations from the original SPase cleavage site to a lesser extent. Additional random cleavages at the middle and near the C-terminus of some protein sequences were also observed. This additional processing could be a part of some stress conditions and unknown signal peptidase mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh A. Misal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-761-7277
| | - Shital D. Ovhal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Sujun Li
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Karty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, 700 N. Woodlawn Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, 177 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James P. Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Raineri EJM, Maaß S, Wang M, Brushett S, Palma Medina LM, Sampol Escandell N, Altulea D, Raangs E, de Jong A, Vera Murguia E, Feil EJ, Friedrich AW, Buist G, Becher D, García-Cobos S, Couto N, van Dijl JM. Staphylococcus aureus populations from the gut and the blood are not distinguished by virulence traits-a critical role of host barrier integrity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:239. [PMID: 36567349 PMCID: PMC9791742 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is an asymptomatically carried member of the microbiome of about one third of the human population at any given point in time. Body sites known to harbor S. aureus are the skin, nasopharynx, and gut. In particular, the mechanisms allowing S. aureus to pass the gut epithelial barrier and to invade the bloodstream were so far poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of our present study was to investigate the extent to which genetic differences between enteric S. aureus isolates and isolates that caused serious bloodstream infections contribute to the likelihood of invasive disease. RESULTS Here, we present genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that compare the genome sequences of 69 S. aureus isolates from enteric carriage by healthy volunteers and 95 isolates from bloodstream infections. We complement our GWAS results with a detailed characterization of the cellular and extracellular proteomes of the representative gut and bloodstream isolates, and by assaying the virulence of these isolates with infection models based on human gut epithelial cells, human blood cells, and a small animal infection model. Intriguingly, our results show that enteric and bloodstream isolates with the same sequence type (ST1 or ST5) are very similar to each other at the genomic and proteomic levels. Nonetheless, bloodstream isolates are not necessarily associated with an invasive profile. Furthermore, we show that the main decisive factor preventing infection of gut epithelial cells in vitro is the presence of a tight barrier. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that virulence is a highly variable trait, even within a single clone. Importantly, however, there is no evidence that blood stream isolates possess a higher virulence potential than those from the enteric carriage. In fact, some gut isolates from healthy carriers were more virulent than bloodstream isolates. Based on our present observations, we propose that the integrity of the gut epithelial layer, rather than the pathogenic potential of the investigated enteric S. aureus isolates, determines whether staphylococci from the gut microbiome will become invasive pathogens. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J. M. Raineri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Maaß
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Siobhan Brushett
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Palma Medina
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Department of Medicine Huddinge, Present Address: Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Neus Sampol Escandell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dania Altulea
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Raangs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elias Vera Murguia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edward J. Feil
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Alex W. Friedrich
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Girbe Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dörte Becher
- Department of Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Silvia García-Cobos
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Reference and Research Laboratory On Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Natacha Couto
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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SecA2 Associates with Translating Ribosomes and Contributes to the Secretion of Potent IFN-β Inducing RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315021. [PMID: 36499346 PMCID: PMC9736482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion plays a central role in modulating interactions of the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes with its environment. Recently, secretion of RNA has emerged as an important strategy used by the pathogen to manipulate the host cell response to its advantage. In general, the Sec-dependent translocation pathway is a major route for protein secretion in L. monocytogenes, but mechanistic insights into the secretion of RNA by these pathways are lacking. Apart from the classical SecA1 secretion pathway, L. monocytogenes also encodes for a SecA paralogue (SecA2) which targets the export of a specific subset of proteins, some of which are involved in virulence. Here, we demonstrated that SecA2 co-sediments with translating ribosomes and provided evidence that it associates with a subset of secreted small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) that induce high levels of IFN-β response in host cells. We found that enolase, which is translocated by a SecA2-dependent mechanism, binds to several sRNAs, suggesting a pathway by which sRNAs are targeted to the supernatant of L. monocytogenes.
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Unveiling the Secretome of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum Induced by In Vitro Host Mimicry. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090971. [PMID: 36135697 PMCID: PMC9505667 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is a fungal plant pathogen of a wide range of hosts but knowledge about the virulence factors of N. parvum and host-pathogen interactions is rather limited. The molecules involved in the interaction between N. parvum and Eucalyptus are mostly unknown, so we used a multi-omics approach to understand pathogen-host interactions. We present the first comprehensive characterization of the in vitro secretome of N. parvum and a prediction of protein-protein interactions using a dry-lab non-targeted interactomics strategy. We used LC-MS to identify N. parvum protein profiles, resulting in the identification of over 400 proteins, from which 117 had a different abundance in the presence of the Eucalyptus stem. Most of the more abundant proteins under host mimicry are involved in plant cell wall degradation (targeting pectin and hemicellulose) consistent with pathogen growth on a plant host. Other proteins identified are involved in adhesion to host tissues, penetration, pathogenesis, or reactive oxygen species generation, involving ribonuclease/ribotoxin domains, putative ricin B lectins, and necrosis elicitors. The overexpression of chitosan synthesis proteins during interaction with the Eucalyptus stem reinforces the hypothesis of an infection strategy involving pathogen masking to avoid host defenses. Neofusicoccum parvum has the molecular apparatus to colonize the host but also actively feed on its living cells and induce necrosis suggesting that this species has a hemibiotrophic lifestyle.
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11
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Wang M, Buist G, van Dijl JM. Staphylococcus aureus cell wall maintenance - the multifaceted roles of peptidoglycan hydrolases in bacterial growth, fitness, and virulence. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6604383. [PMID: 35675307 PMCID: PMC9616470 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important human and livestock pathogen that is well-protected against environmental insults by a thick cell wall. Accordingly, the wall is a major target of present-day antimicrobial therapy. Unfortunately, S. aureus has mastered the art of antimicrobial resistance, as underscored by the global spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The major cell wall component is peptidoglycan. Importantly, the peptidoglycan network is not only vital for cell wall function, but it also represents a bacterial Achilles' heel. In particular, this network is continuously opened by no less than 18 different peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGHs) encoded by the S. aureus core genome, which facilitate bacterial growth and division. This focuses attention on the specific functions executed by these enzymes, their subcellular localization, their control at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, their contributions to staphylococcal virulence and their overall importance in bacterial homeostasis. As highlighted in the present review, our understanding of the different aspects of PGH function in S. aureus has been substantially increased over recent years. This is important because it opens up new possibilities to exploit PGHs as innovative targets for next-generation antimicrobials, passive or active immunization strategies, or even to engineer them into effective antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Corresponding author: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. box 30001, HPC EB80, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands, Tel. +31-50-3615187; Fax. +31-50-3619105; E-mail:
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12
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Liu X, Huang C, Qiu C, Wang Z, Cheng M, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Guan Y, Feng X, Sun C, Li N, Li F, Lei L, Han W, Zhang X, Gu J. Rapid and sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus using biolayer interferometry technology combined with phage lysin LysGH15. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 198:113799. [PMID: 34823965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), considered as a common foodborne pathogenic microorganism, usually causes food poisoning and various infectious diseases. Therefore, development of rapid and accurate bacterial detection method is the key to preventing food poisoning and achieving early diagnosis and treatment of various infectious diseases caused by S. aureus. Biolayer interferometry (BLI) technology is a novel technique of label-free optical analysis for real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. The C54A mutation induced the lytic activity loss of phage lysin LysGH15 but retained the capacity for specific recognizing and binding S. aureus. In this study, a novel method for the detection of S. aureus was established using the C54A mutant LysGH15 as the receptor in combination with BLI. Using this BLI-based method, S. aureus whole cells could be directly assayed and the limit of detection was 13 CFU/mL with a binding time of 12 min. Because the C54A mutant LysGH15 recognizes S. aureus with very high specificity, the method can exclude potential interference from other bacterial species. In addition, this method could also distinguish between viable and dead S. aureus. Moreover, S. aureus was successfully detected in ice cubes and light soy sauce by using this method. Collectively, these results indicate that the LysGH15-based BLI method can be used as an efficient and reliable diagnostic tool in the field of food safety and other related fields for the rapid, sensitive, label-free, and real-time detection of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunzheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Cao Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghan Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liancheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Bispo M, Suhani S, van Dijl JM. Empowering antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infections with potassium iodide. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 225:112334. [PMID: 34678616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), impose a great burden on global healthcare systems. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative approaches to fight staphylococcal infections, such as targeted antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). We recently reported that targeted aPDT with the S. aureus-specific immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX can be effectively applied to eradicate MRSA. Nonetheless, the efficacy of aPDT in the human body may be diminished by powerful antioxidant activities. In particular, we observed that the efficacy of aPDT with 1D9-700DX towards MRSA was reduced in human plasma. Here we show that this antagonistic effect can be attributed to human serum albumin, which represents the largest pool of free thiols in plasma for trapping reactive oxygen species. Importantly, we also show that our targeted aPDT approach with 1D9-700DX can be empowered by the non-toxic inorganic salt potassium iodide (KI), which reacts with the singlet oxygen produced upon aPDT, resulting in the formation of free iodine. The targeted iodine formation allows full eradication of MRSA (more than 6-log reduction) without negatively affecting other non-targeted bacterial species or human cells. Altogether, we show that the addition of KI allows a drastic reduction of both the amount of the immunoconjugate 1D9-700DX and the irradiation time needed for effective elimination of MRSA by aPDT in the presence of human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bispo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina Suhani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Rahman S, Das AK. Integrated Multi-omics, Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 for the Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets: An In-Silico Approach. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:2735-2755. [PMID: 34548853 PMCID: PMC8446483 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in community, hospital and live-stock sectors, especially with the widespread emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. To identify new drug molecules to treat MRSA patients, we have undertaken to search essential proteins that are indispensable for their survival but non-homologous to human host proteins. The current study utilizes a subtractive genome and proteome approach to screen the possible therapeutic targets against S. aureus USA300. Bacterial essential genes are obtained from the DEG database and are compared to avoid cross-reactivity with human host genes. In silico analysis shows 198 proteins that may be considered as therapeutic candidates. Depending on their sub-cellular localization, proteins are grouped as either vaccine or drug targets or both. Extracellular proteins such as cell division proteins (Q2FZ91, Q2FZ95), penicillin-binding proteins (Q2FZ94, Q2FYI0) of the bacterial cell wall, phosphoglucomutase (Q2FE11) and lipoteichoic acid synthase (Q2FIS2) are considered as vaccine targets, and their epitopes have been mapped. Altogether, 53 drug targets are identified, which have shown similarity with the drug targets available in the DrugBank database. Predicted drug targets belong to the common metabolic pathways of MRSA, such as fatty acid biosynthesis, folate biosynthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, ribosome, etc. Protein-protein interaction analysis emphasizing peptidoglycan biosynthesis reveals the connection between penicillin-binding proteins, mur-family proteins and FemXAB proteins. In this study, staphylococcal FemA protein (P0A0A5) is subjected to structure-based virtual screening for the drug repurposing approach. There are 20 residues missing in the crystal structure of FemA, and 12 of these residues are located at the catalytic site. The missing residues are modelled, and stereochemistry is checked. FDA approved drugs available in the DrugBank database have been used in virtual screening with FemA in search of potential repurposed molecules. This approach provides us with 10 drugs that may be used in the treatment of methicillin-resistant staphylococcal mediated diseases. AutoDock 4.2 is used for in silico screening and shows a comparable inhibition constant (Ki) for all 10 FDA-approved drugs towards FemA. Most of these drugs are used in the treatment of various cancers, migraines and leukaemia. Protein-drug interaction analysis shows that the drugs mostly interact with hydrophobic residues of FemA. Moreover, Tyr328 and Lys383 contribute largely to hydrogen bondings during interactions. All interacting amino acids that bind to the drugs are part of the active site cavity of FemA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10989-021-10287-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakilur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
| | - Amit Kumar Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302 India
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15
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Bai Q, Ma J, Zhang Z, Zhong X, Pan Z, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Liu G, Yao H. YSIRK-G/S-directed translocation is required for Streptococcus suis to deliver diverse cell wall anchoring effectors contributing to bacterial pathogenicity. Virulence 2021; 11:1539-1556. [PMID: 33138686 PMCID: PMC7644249 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1838740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) is a significant zoonotic pathogen that is responsible for various swine diseases, even causing cytokine storms of Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndromes amongst human. Cell wall anchoring proteins with a C-terminal LPxTG are considered to play vital roles during SS2 infection; however, their exporting mechanism across cytoplasmic membranes has remained vague. This study found that YSIRK-G/S was involved in the exportation of LPxTG-anchoring virulence factors MRP and SspA in virulent SS2 strain ZY05719. The whole-genome analysis indicated that diverse LPxTG proteins fused with an N-terminal YSIRK-G/S motif are encoded in strain ZY05719. Two novel LPxTG proteins SspB and YzpA were verified to be exported via a putative transport system that was dependent on the YSIRK-G/S directed translocation, and portrayed vital functions during the infection of SS2 strain ZY05719. Instead of exhibiting an inactivation of C5a peptidase in SspB, another LPxTG protein with an N-terminal YSIRK-G/S motif from Streptococcus agalactiae was depicted to cleave the C5a component of the host complement. The consequent domain-architecture retrieval determined more than 10,000 SspB/YzpA like proteins that are extensively distributed in the Gram-positive bacteria, and most of them harbor diverse glycosyl hydrolase or peptidase domains within their middle regions, thus presenting their capability to interact with host cells. The said findings provide compelling evidence that LPxTG proteins with an N-terminal YSIRK-G/S motif are polymorphic effectors secreted by Gram-positive bacteria, which can be further proposed to define as cell wall anchoring effectors in a new subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Jiale Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Pan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Zongfu Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjin Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing, China.,Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture , Nanjing, China.,Department of pathogenic diagnosis, OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis , Nanjing, China
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16
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Wang W, Jiang J, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liu Q. FtsH is required for protein secretion homeostasis and full bacterial virulence in Edwardsiella piscicida. Microb Pathog 2021; 161:105194. [PMID: 34534640 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella piscicida, as an important pathogen of fish, has caused huge losses in aquaculture. The virulence in E. piscicida has been increasingly concerned, but few studies have focused on the relationship between virulence and protein secretion homeostasis. FtsH, as a member of the AAA protease family, has important cellular functions, such as controlling the quality of membrane proteins. In this study, FtsH was demonstrated to be essential in maintaining protein secretion homeostasis, and its deletion could result in the secretion of massive cytoplasmic proteins by non-classical secretion pathway. Furthermore it was showed that FtsH is vital for E. piscicida to proliferate within host cells, and E. piscicida mutant ΔftsH will be obviously attenuated. After zebrafish was infected with the mutant ΔftsH, the lethality rate for zebrafish and the bacterial colonization in its organs were greatly reduced. These results suggested that FtsH, as a regulatory factor, closely linked protein secretory homeostasis with bacterial virulence, which provided clues for further exploring the involvement of protein secretion homeostasis in bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jiatiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), 519000, Zhuhai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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17
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Recombinant protein secretion by Bacillus subtilis and Lactococcus lactis: pathways, applications, and innovation potential. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:187-195. [PMID: 33955475 PMCID: PMC8314018 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Secreted recombinant proteins are of great significance for industry, healthcare and a sustainable bio-based economy. Consequently, there is an ever-increasing need for efficient production platforms to deliver such proteins in high amounts and high quality. Gram-positive bacteria, particularly bacilli such as Bacillus subtilis, are favored for the production of secreted industrial enzymes. Nevertheless, recombinant protein production in the B. subtilis cell factory can be very challenging due to bottlenecks in the general (Sec) secretion pathway as well as this bacterium’s intrinsic capability to secrete a cocktail of highly potent proteases. This has placed another Gram-positive bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, in the focus of attention as an alternative, non-proteolytic, cell factory for secreted proteins. Here we review our current understanding of the secretion pathways exploited in B. subtilis and L. lactis to deliver proteins from their site of synthesis, the cytoplasm, into the fermentation broth. An advantage of this cell factory comparison is that it identifies opportunities for protein secretion pathway engineering to remove or bypass current production bottlenecks. Noteworthy new developments in cell factory engineering are the mini-Bacillus concept, highlighting potential advantages of massive genome minimization, and the application of thus far untapped ‘non-classical’ protein secretion routes. Altogether, it is foreseen that engineered lactococci will find future applications in the production of high-quality proteins at the relatively small pilot scale, while engineered bacilli will remain a favored choice for protein production in bulk.
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18
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Raineri EJM, Altulea D, van Dijl JM. Staphylococcal trafficking and infection - from 'nose to gut' and back. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6321165. [PMID: 34259843 PMCID: PMC8767451 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic human pathogen, which is a leading cause of infections worldwide. The challenge in treating S. aureus infection is linked to the development of multidrug-resistant strains and the mechanisms employed by this pathogen to evade the human immune defenses. In addition, S. aureus can hide asymptomatically in particular ‘protective’ niches of the human body for prolonged periods of time. In the present review, we highlight recently gained insights in the role of the human gut as an endogenous S. aureus reservoir next to the nasopharynx and oral cavity. In addition, we address the contribution of these ecological niches to staphylococcal transmission, including the roles of particular triggers as modulators of the bacterial dissemination. In this context, we present recent advances concerning the interactions between S. aureus and immune cells to understand their possible roles as vehicles of dissemination from the gut to other body sites. Lastly, we discuss the factors that contribute to the switch from colonization to infection. Altogether, we conclude that an important key to uncovering the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection lies hidden in the endogenous staphylococcal reservoirs, the trafficking of this bacterium through the human body and the subsequent immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa J M Raineri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dania Altulea
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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19
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Thiouracil SecA inhibitors: bypassing the effects of efflux pumps and attenuating virulence factor secretion in MRSA and Bacillus anthracis. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Rohmer C, Wolz C. The Role of hlb-Converting Bacteriophages in Staphylococcus aureus Host Adaption. Microb Physiol 2021; 31:109-122. [PMID: 34126612 DOI: 10.1159/000516645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As an opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals, Staphylococcus aureus asymptomatically colonizes the nasal cavity but is also a leading cause of life-threatening acute and chronic infections. The evolution of S. aureus resulting from short- and long-term adaptation to diverse hosts is tightly associated with mobile genetic elements. S. aureus strains can carry up to four temperate phages, many of which possess accessory genes encoding staphylococcal virulence factors. More than 90% of human nasal isolates of S. aureus have been shown to carry Sa3int phages, whereas invasive S. aureus isolates tend to lose these phages. Sa3int phages integrate as prophages into the bacterial hlb gene, disrupting the expression of the sphingomyelinase Hlb, an important virulence factor under specific infection conditions. Virulence factors encoded by genes carried by Sa3int phages include staphylokinase, enterotoxins, chemotaxis-inhibitory protein, and staphylococcal complement inhibitor, all of which are highly human specific and probably essential for bacterial survival in the human host. The transmission of S. aureus from humans to animals is strongly correlated with the loss of Sa3int phages, whereas phages are regained once a strain is transmitted from animals to humans. Thus, both the insertion and excision of prophages may confer a fitness advantage to this bacterium. There is also growing evidence that Sa3int phages may perform "active lysogeny," a process during which prophages are temporally excised from the chromosome without forming intact phage particles. The molecular mechanisms controlling the peculiar life cycle of Sa3int phages remain largely unclear. Nevertheless, their regulation is likely fine-tuned to ensure bacterial survival within different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Rohmer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Intramammary infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus increases IgA antibodies to iron-regulated surface determinant-A, -B, and -H in bovine milk. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 235:110235. [PMID: 33838543 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify virulence factors that have high immunogenicity. An in vivo-expressed Staphylococcus aureus antigen was identified by probing bacteriophage expression libraries of S. aureus with antibodies in bovine mastitis milk. Eighteen clones were isolated, and their proteins were identified as 5 characterised proteins (IsdA, Protein A, IsdB, autolysin, and imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydratase) and 13 hypothetical proteins. We focused on IsdA, IsdB, and IsdH as virulence factors that have a high immunogenicity and are capable of inducing a specific humoral immune response in S. aureus-infected quarters. The optical density (OD) values of IsdA and IsdB IgA and IgG antibodies in milk affected by naturally occurring mastitis caused by S. aureus increased significantly compared to those in healthy milk. In the experimental infection study, the OD values of IsdA- and B-specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly increased from 2 to 4 weeks after S. aureus infection compared to day 0 (P < 0.05). On the other hand, we demonstrated that milk from natural and experimental intramammary infections caused by S. aureus are associated with significantly higher IgA levels against IsdH (P < 0.05), but no significant change in IgG levels. Our findings facilitated our understanding of the pathogenicity of S. aureus in bovine mastitis, as well as the mechanisms by which specific humoral immune responses to S. aureus infection are induced. In addition, the results obtained could provide insight into how bovine mastitis can be controlled, for example, through vaccination.
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22
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Major Determinants of Airway Epithelial Cell Sensitivity to S. aureus Alpha-Toxin: Disposal of Toxin Heptamers by Extracellular Vesicle Formation and Lysosomal Degradation. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13030173. [PMID: 33668237 PMCID: PMC7996177 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-toxin is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Monomer binding to host cell membranes results in the formation of heptameric transmembrane pores. Among human model airway epithelial cell lines, A549 cells were most sensitive toward the toxin followed by 16HBE14o- and S9 cells. In this study we investigated the processes of internalization of pore-containing plasma membrane areas as well as potential pathways for heptamer degradation (lysosomal, proteasomal) or disposal (formation of exosomes/micro-vesicles). The abundance of toxin heptamers upon applying an alpha-toxin pulse to the cells declined both in extracts of whole cells and of cellular membranes of S9 cells, but not in those of 16HBE14o- or A549 cells. Comparisons of heptamer degradation rates under inhibition of lysosomal or proteasomal degradation revealed that an important route of heptamer degradation, at least in S9 cells, seems to be the lysosomal pathway, while proteasomal degradation appears to be irrelevant. Exosomes prepared from culture supernatants of toxin-exposed S9 cells contained alpha-toxin as well as low amounts of exosome and micro-vesicle markers. These results indicate that lysosomal degradation of internalized toxin heptamers may be the most important determinant of toxin-resistance of some types of airway epithelial cells.
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Oziat J, Cohu T, Elsen S, Gougis M, Malliaras GG, Mailley P. Electrochemical detection of redox molecules secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Part 1: Electrochemical signatures of different strains. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107747. [PMID: 33618190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
During infections, fast identification of the microorganisms is critical to improve patient treatment and to better manage antibiotics use. Electrochemistry exhibits several advantages for rapid diagnostic: it enables easy, cheap and in situ analysis of redox molecules in most liquids. In this work, several culture supernatants of different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (including PAO1 and its isogenic mutants PAO1ΔpqsA, PA14, PAK and CHA) were analyzed by square wave voltammetry on glassy carbon electrode during the bacterial growth. The obtained voltamograms shown complex traces exhibiting numerous redox peaks with potential repartitions and current amplitudes depending on the studied bacterium and/or growth time. Among them, some peaks were clearly associated to the well-known redox toxin Pyocyanin (PYO) and the autoinducer Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS). Other peaks were observed that are not yet attributed to known secreted species. Each complex electrochemical response (number of peaks, peak potential and amplitude) can be interpreted as a fingerprint or "ID-card" of the studied strain that may be implemented for fast bacteria strain identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oziat
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-13541 Gardanne, France; Bioserenity, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Cohu
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Elsen
- UMR 1036, INSERM-CEA-UJF, CNRS ERL5261, BIG, CEA-Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Gougis
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - George G Malliaras
- Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, F-13541 Gardanne, France; Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Univ. Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Leti, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
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Wang X, Koffi PF, English OF, Lee JC. Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Vesicles: A Story of Toxicity and the Stress of 2020. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13020075. [PMID: 33498438 PMCID: PMC7909408 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus generates and releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) that package cytosolic, cell-wall associated, and membrane proteins, as well as glycopolymers and exoproteins, including alpha hemolysin, leukocidins, phenol-soluble modulins, superantigens, and enzymes. S. aureus EVs, but not EVs from pore-forming toxin-deficient strains, were cytolytic for a variety of mammalian cell types, but EV internalization was not essential for cytotoxicity. Because S. aureus is subject to various environmental stresses during its encounters with the host during infection, we assessed how these exposures affected EV production in vitro. Staphylococci grown at 37 °C or 40 °C did not differ in EV production, but cultures incubated at 30 °C yielded more EVs when grown to the same optical density. S. aureus cultivated in the presence of oxidative stress, in iron-limited media, or with subinhibitory concentrations of ethanol, showed greater EV production as determined by protein yield and quantitative immunoblots. In contrast, hyperosmotic stress or subinhibitory concentrations of erythromycin reduced S. aureus EV yield. EVs represent a novel S. aureus secretory system that is affected by a variety of stress responses and allows the delivery of biologically active pore-forming toxins and other virulence determinants to host cells.
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López-Álvarez M, Heuker M, Schoenmakers JWA, van Dam GM, McNamara JO, van Dijl JM, van Oosten M. The smart activatable P2&3TT probe allows accurate, fast, and highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus in clinical blood culture samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19216. [PMID: 33154413 PMCID: PMC7645595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. Yet, there is currently no adequate diagnostic test for early and rapid diagnosis of SAB. Therefore, this study was aimed at exploring the potential for clinical implementation of a nuclease-activatable fluorescent probe for early diagnosis of SAB. To this end, clinical blood culture samples from patients with bloodstream infections were incubated for 1 h with the "smart" activatable P2&3TT probe, the total assay time being less than 2 h. Cleavage of this probe by the secreted S. aureus enzyme micrococcal nuclease results in emission of a readily detectable fluorescence signal. Incubation of S. aureus-positive blood culture samples with the P2&3TT probe resulted in 50-fold higher fluorescence intensity levels than incubation with culture-negative samples. Moreover, incubation of the probe with non-S. aureus-positive blood cultures yielded essentially background fluorescence intensity levels for cultures with Gram-negative bacteria, and only ~ 3.5-fold increased fluorescence intensity levels over background for cultures with non-S. aureus Gram-positive bacteria. Importantly, the measured fluorescence intensities were dose-dependent, and a positive signal was clearly detectable for S. aureus-positive blood cultures with bacterial loads as low as ~ 7,000 colony-forming units/mL. Thus, the nuclease-activatable P2&3TT probe distinguishes clinical S. aureus-positive blood cultures from non-S. aureus-positive blood cultures and culture-negative blood, accurately, rapidly and with high sensitivity. We conclude that this probe may enhance the diagnosis of SAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina López-Álvarez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Heuker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorrit W A Schoenmakers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - James O McNamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Nuclease Probe Technologies, Inc., Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marleen van Oosten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO BOX 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Möller N, Ziesemer S, Hildebrandt P, Assenheimer N, Völker U, Hildebrandt JP. S. aureus alpha-toxin monomer binding and heptamer formation in host cell membranes - Do they determine sensitivity of airway epithelial cells toward the toxin? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233854. [PMID: 32470006 PMCID: PMC7259691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-toxin (Hla) is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and plays an important role in S. aureus-induced pneumonia. It binds as a monomer to the cell surface of eukaryotic host cells and forms heptameric transmembrane pores. Sensitivities toward the toxin of various types of potential host cells have been shown to vary substantially, and the reasons for these differences are unclear. We used three human model airway epithelial cell lines (16HBE14o-, S9, A549) to correlate cell sensitivity (measured as rate of paracellular gap formation in the cell layers) with Hla monomer binding, presence of the potential Hla receptors ADAM10 or α5β1 integrin, presence of the toxin-stabilizing factor caveolin-1 as well as plasma membrane lipid composition (phosphatidylserine/choline, sphingomyelin). The abundance of ADAM10 correlated best with gap formation or cell sensitivities, respectively, when the three cell types were compared. Caveolin-1 or α5β1 integrin did not correlate with toxin sensitivity. The relative abundance of sphingomyelin in plasma membranes may also be used as a proxi for cellular sensitivity against alpha-toxin as sphingomyelin abundances correlated well with the intensities of alpha-toxin mediated gap formation in the cell layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Möller
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sabine Ziesemer
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Petra Hildebrandt
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadine Assenheimer
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lange J, Heidenreich K, Higelin K, Dyck K, Marx V, Reichel C, van Wamel W, den Reijer M, Görlich D, Kahl BC. Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity in Cystic Fibrosis Patients-Results from an Observational Prospective Multicenter Study Concerning Virulence Genes, Phylogeny, and Gene Plasticity. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050279. [PMID: 32357453 PMCID: PMC7290773 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and cystic fibrosis (CF) are closely interlinked. To date, however, the impact of S. aureus culture in CF airways on lung function and disease progression has only been elucidated to a limited degree. This analysis aims to identify bacterial factors associated to clinical deterioration. Data were collected during an observational prospective multi-center study following 195 patients from 17 centers. The average follow-up time was 80 weeks. S. aureus isolates (n = 3180) were scanned for the presence of 25 virulence genes and agr-types using single and multiplex PCR. The presence of specific virulence genes was not associated to clinical deterioration. For the agr-types 1 and 4, however, a link to the subjects’ clinical status became evident. Furthermore, a significant longitudinal decrease in the virulence gene quantity was observed. Analyses of the plasticity of the virulence genes revealed significantly increased plasticity rates in the presence of environmental stress. The results suggest that the phylogenetic background defines S. aureus pathogenicity rather than specific virulence genes. The longitudinal loss of virulence genes most likely reflects the adaptation process directed towards a persistent and colonizing rather than infecting lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Lange
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Kathrin Heidenreich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Katharina Higelin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Kristina Dyck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Vanessa Marx
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Christian Reichel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Willem van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.v.W.); (M.d.R.)
| | - Martijn den Reijer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (W.v.W.); (M.d.R.)
| | - Dennis Görlich
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Barbara C. Kahl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.L.); (K.H.); (K.H.); (K.D.); (V.M.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-8355358
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Pardo L, Machado V, Cuello D, Aguerrebere P, Seija V, Braga V, Varela G. Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance phenotypes and their associated genotypes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a tertiary level public hospital of Uruguay. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 52:202-210. [PMID: 31928835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the resistance phenotypes to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) antibiotics and their associated genotypes in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. We analyzed one hundred, consecutive, non-duplicate isolates (methicillin-susceptible MSSA, n=53 and methicillin-resistant MRSA, n=47) obtained from various clinical samples between July 2012 to December 2013. The resistance profile to MLSB antibiotics was determined by phenotypic methods and the resistance genes were detected by PCR assays. All of the isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (SmaI-PFGE). The overall prevalence of resistance to MLSB antibiotics was 38% and the resistance phenotype distribution was as follows: cMLSB, 22%; iMLSB, 10%; MSB, 5% and L, 1%. We detected ermA, ermC, ermB and mrsA/B genes in these resistant isolates. The single ermA gene was commonly observed mainly in those with a cMLSB R phenotype, whereas the combination ermA and ermC was more commonly observed in isolates with inducible expression. The patterns of SmaI-PFGE suggest a great genetic diversity in both MRSA and MSSA resistant to MLSB antibiotics. The results demonstrate the local presence of S. aureus resistant to MLSB antibiotics and its most frequently described responsible genes. Some of these isolates, especially those with the iMLSB phenotype, may be associated with therapeutic failure. Therefore, efforts should be directed to the correct detection of all MLSB resistant isolates using appropriate laboratory tests. PFGE results reveal a wide spread of resistance genes rather than the circulation of S. aureus clones resistant to MLSB antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pardo
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Virginia Machado
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Dianna Cuello
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Paula Aguerrebere
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Seija
- Bacteriology Laboratory, "Hospital Pasteur", Montevideo, Larravide 2458, 11800, Uruguay; Laboratory of Public Health, Alfredo Navarro 3051 (north-entrance), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Braga
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Varela
- Bacteriology and Virology Department, Medicine School, Universidad de la República, Montevideo Alfredo Navarro 3051 (south entrance), 11800, Uruguay.
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Gingimaps: Protein Localization in the Oral Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2020; 84:84/1/e00032-19. [PMID: 31896547 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00032-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral pathogen involved in the widespread disease periodontitis. In recent years, however, this bacterium has been implicated in the etiology of another common disorder, the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis. Periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis were known to correlate for decades, but only recently a possible molecular connection underlying this association has been unveiled. P. gingivalis possesses an enzyme that citrullinates certain host proteins and, potentially, elicits autoimmune antibodies against such citrullinated proteins. These autoantibodies are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis and have been purported both as a symptom and a potential cause of the disease. The citrullinating enzyme and other major virulence factors of P. gingivalis, including some that were implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis, are targeted to the host tissue as secreted or outer-membrane-bound proteins. These targeting events play pivotal roles in the interactions between the pathogen and its human host. Accordingly, the overall protein sorting and secretion events in P. gingivalis are of prime relevance for understanding its full disease-causing potential and for developing preventive and therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is therefore to offer a comprehensive overview of the subcellular and extracellular localization of all proteins in three reference strains and four clinical isolates of P. gingivalis, as well as the mechanisms employed to reach these destinations.
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Labruère R, Sona AJ, Turos E. Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nanoantibiotics. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31636560 PMCID: PMC6787278 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based antibiotic constructs have become a popular area of investigation in the biomedical sciences. Much of this work has pertained to human diseases, largely in the cancer therapy arena. However, considerable research has also been devoted to the nanochemistry for controlling infectious diseases. Among these are ones due to bacterial infections, which can cause serious illnesses leading to death. The onset of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) infections such as those caused by the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has created a dearth of problems such as surgical complications, persistent infections, and lack of available treatments. In this article, we set out to review the primary literature on the design and development of new nanoparticle materials for the potential treatment of S. aureus infections, and areas that could be further expanded upon to make nanoparticle antibiotics a mainstay in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Labruère
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Univ Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - A. J. Sona
- Center for Molecular Diversity in Drug Design, Discovery and Delivery, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Edward Turos
- Center for Molecular Diversity in Drug Design, Discovery and Delivery, Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Schneewind O, Missiakas DM. Staphylococcal Protein Secretion and Envelope Assembly. Microbiol Spectr 2019; 7:10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0070-2019. [PMID: 31267890 PMCID: PMC7028390 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.gpp3-0070-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly cross-linked peptidoglycan represents the rigid layer of the bacterial envelope and protects bacteria from osmotic lysis. In Gram-positive bacteria, peptidoglycan also functions as a scaffold for the immobilization of capsular polysaccharide, wall teichoic acid (WTA), and surface proteins. This chapter captures recent development on the assembly of the envelope of Staphylococcus aureus including mechanisms accounting for immobilization of molecules to peptidoglycan as well as hydrolysis of peptidoglycan for the specific release of bound molecules, facilitation of protein secretion across the envelope and cell division. Peptidoglycan, WTA and capsular polysaccharide are directly synthesized onto undecaprenol. Surface proteins are anchored by Sortase A, a membrane-embedded transpeptidase that scans secreted polypeptides for the C-terminal LPXTG motif of sorting signals. The resulting acyl enzyme intermediate is resolved by lipid II, the undecaprenol-bound peptidoglycan precursor. While these pathways share membrane diffusible undecaprenol, assembly of these molecules occurs either at the cross-walls or the cell poles. In S. aureus, the cross-wall represents the site of de novo peptidoglycan synthesis which is eventually split to complete the cell cycle yielding newly divided daughter cells. Peptidoglycan synthesized at the cross-wall is initially devoid of WTA. Conversely, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) synthesis which does not require bactoprenol is seemingly restricted to septal membranes. Similarly, S. aureus distinguishes two types of surface protein precursors. Polypeptides with canonical signal peptides are deposited at the cell poles, whereas precursors with conserved YSIRK-GXXS motif signal peptides traffic to the cross-wall. A model for protein trafficking in the envelope and uneven distribution of teichoic acids is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Schneewind
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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32
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Misal SA, Li S, Tang H, Radivojac P, Reilly JP. Identification of N-terminal protein processing sites by chemical labeling mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1015-1023. [PMID: 30884002 PMCID: PMC6522274 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Proteins undergo post-translational modifications and proteolytic processing that can affect their biological function. Processing often involves the loss of single residues. Cleavage of signal peptides from the N-terminus is commonly associated with translocation. Recent reports have suggested that other processing sites also exist. METHODS The secreted proteins from S. aureus N315 were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and amidinated with S-methyl thioacetimidate (SMTA). Amidinated proteins were digested with trypsin and analyzed with a high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometer. RESULTS Sixteen examples of Staphylococcus aureus secretory proteins that lose an N-terminal signal peptide during their export were identified using this amidination approach. The N-termini of proteins with and without methionine were identified. Unanticipated protein cleavages due to sortase and an unknown protease were also uncovered. CONCLUSIONS A simple N-terminal amidination based mass spectrometry approach is described that facilitates identification of the N-terminus of a mature protein and the discovery of unexpected processing sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh A Misal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Sujun Li
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Haixu Tang
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - James P Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Zhao X, Palma Medina LM, Stobernack T, Glasner C, de Jong A, Utari P, Setroikromo R, Quax WJ, Otto A, Becher D, Buist G, van Dijl JM. Exoproteome Heterogeneity among Closely Related Staphylococcus aureus t437 Isolates and Possible Implications for Virulence. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2859-2874. [PMID: 31119940 PMCID: PMC6617432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus with spa-type t437 has been identified as a predominant community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus clone from Asia, which is also encountered in Europe. Molecular typing has previously shown that t437 isolates are highly similar regardless of geographical regions or host environments. The present study was aimed at assessing to what extent this high similarity is actually reflected in the production of secreted virulence factors. We therefore profiled the extracellular proteome, representing the main reservoir of virulence factors, of 20 representative clinical isolates by mass spectrometry. The results show that these isolates can be divided into three groups and nine subgroups based on exoproteome abundance signatures. This implies that S. aureus t437 isolates show substantial exoproteome heterogeneity. Nonetheless, 30 highly conserved extracellular proteins, of which about 50% have a predicted role in pathogenesis, were dominantly identified. To approximate the virulence of the 20 investigated isolates, we employed infection models based on Galleria mellonella and HeLa cells. The results show that the grouping of clinical isolates based on their exoproteome profile can be related to virulence. We consider this outcome important as our approach provides a tool to pinpoint differences in virulence among seemingly highly similar clinical isolates of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Palma Medina
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Tim Stobernack
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Corinna Glasner
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- University of Groningen , Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Putri Utari
- University of Groningen , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- University of Groningen , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- University of Groningen , Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology , A. Deusinglaan 1 , 9713 AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institut für Mikrobiologie , University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institut für Mikrobiologie , University of Greifswald , Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8 , 17475 Greifswald , Germany
| | - Girbe Buist
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- University of Groningen , University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology , Hanzeplein 1 , P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen , The Netherlands
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Huang Y, Xue C, He W, Zhao X. Inhibition effect of Zedoary turmeric oil on Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus growth and exotoxin proteins production. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:657-666. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Huang
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, PR China
| | - Changsong Xue
- Department of Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Wenbing He
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tonghua Normal University, 134000 Tonghua, PR China
- Changbai Mountain Edible Plant Resources Research and Development Engineering Center, Tonghua Normal University, 134002 Tonghua, PR China
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Comprehensive Virulence Gene Profiling of Bovine Non- aureus Staphylococci Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing Data. mSystems 2019; 4:mSystems00098-18. [PMID: 30863792 PMCID: PMC6401416 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00098-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from milk in dairy cattle worldwide. The virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which these bacteria cause udder infection are not fully known. We determined the distribution and associations of 191 VFs in 25 NAS species and investigated the relationship between VFs and disease. Although the overall number of VFs was not associated with disease severity, increasing numbers of toxin and host immune evasion genes specifically were associated with more severe disease outcomes. These findings suggest that the development of disease and the interactions of VFs with the host are complex and determined by the interplay of genes rather than just the presence of virulence genes. Together, our results provide foundational genetic knowledge to other researchers to design and conduct further experiments, focusing on understanding the synergy between VFs and roles of individual NAS species in IMI and characterizing species-specific effects on udder health. Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from intramammary infection (IMI) in dairy cattle. Virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which NAS cause IMI are not fully known. Herein, we analyzed the distribution of 191 VFs in 441 genomes of 25 NAS species, after classifying VFs into functional categories: adherence (n = 28), exoenzymes (n = 21), immune evasion (n = 20), iron metabolism (n = 29), and toxins (n = 93). In addition to establishing VF gene profiles, associations of VF genes between and among functional categories were computed, revealing distinctive patterns of association among VFs for various NAS species. Associations were also computed for low, medium, and high somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis (CM) isolates, demonstrating distinctive patterns of associations for low SCC and CM isolates, but no differences between high SCC and CM isolates. To determine whether VF distributions had any association with SCC or CM, various clustering approaches, including complete linkages, Ward clustering, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding, were applied. However, no clustering of isolates representing low SCC, medium SCC, or high SCC or CM was identified. Regression analysis to test for associations with individual VF functional categories demonstrated that each additional toxin and host immune evasion gene increased the odds of having high SCC or CM, although an overall increase in the number of VFs was not associated with increased SCC or occurrence of CM. In conclusion, we established comprehensive VF gene profiling, determined VF gene distributions and associations, calculated pathogenic potentials of all NAS species, and detected no clear link between VF genes and mastitis. IMPORTANCE Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are the most frequently isolated pathogens from milk in dairy cattle worldwide. The virulence factors (VFs) and mechanisms by which these bacteria cause udder infection are not fully known. We determined the distribution and associations of 191 VFs in 25 NAS species and investigated the relationship between VFs and disease. Although the overall number of VFs was not associated with disease severity, increasing numbers of toxin and host immune evasion genes specifically were associated with more severe disease outcomes. These findings suggest that the development of disease and the interactions of VFs with the host are complex and determined by the interplay of genes rather than just the presence of virulence genes. Together, our results provide foundational genetic knowledge to other researchers to design and conduct further experiments, focusing on understanding the synergy between VFs and roles of individual NAS species in IMI and characterizing species-specific effects on udder health.
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Ebner P, Götz F. Bacterial Excretion of Cytoplasmic Proteins (ECP): Occurrence, Mechanism, and Function. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:176-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Motamedi H, Asghari B, Tahmasebi H, Arabestani MR. Identification of Hemolysine Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in West of Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2018; 7:153. [PMID: 30662882 PMCID: PMC6319038 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_143_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is expressing a broad range of different hemolysins enhancing its ability to establish and maintain infection in humans. The aim of this study was to identify the types of hemolysins in different clinical isolates of S. aureus and their association with antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, clinical isolates of S. aureus were collected from Hamedan's hospitals during an 11-month period from June 2016 to January 2017 and identified by using biochemical tests. To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern, disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were conducted. Genomic DNA was extracted using extraction kit. The polymerase chain reaction was done with specific primers for identification of hla, hlb, hld, and hld genes. Results Among a total of 389 clinical samples, 138 isolates (35.45%) of S. aureus were identified, which 87 isolates (63.04%) were cefoxitin MIC of >4 μg/ml and resistant to methicillin. The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against erythromycin in 108 isolates (78.26%) and penicillin in 133 isolates (96.37%) and the lowest resistance was against gatifloxacin in 50 isolates (36.23%) and Cefazolin in 11 isolates (97.7%). Furthermore, the hla, hlb, hld, and hlg genes were detected among 11 (7.97%), 7 (5.07%), 16 (11.59%), and 4 (2.89%) isolates, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the presence of alpha and delta hemolysin-encoding genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolates (P < 0.05). Conclusion The results exhibited that the association between the presence of the hemolysin genes and the antibiotic resistance pattern can be considered as a serious issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Motamedi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Babak Asghari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamed Tahmasebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Brucellosis Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Oliveira ASD, Rosa IIR, Novaes E, Oliveira LSD, Baeza LC, Borges CL, Marlinghaus L, Soares CMDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M, Parente-Rocha JA. The exoproteome profiles of three Staphylococcus saprophyticus strains reveal diversity in protein secretion contents. Microbiol Res 2018; 216:85-96. [PMID: 30269860 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a gram-positive microorganism responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although some virulence factors are characterized, such as urease, autolysins, adhesins and hemagglutinins, large-scale proteomic studies have not been performed within this species. We performed the characterization of the exoproteome from three S. saprophyticus strains: the reference strain ATCC 15,305, a non-capsular strain 7108 and the 9325 strain containing a thick capsule which were cultured in BHI medium and culture supernatants were analysed by using mass spectrometry approach. We observed a core of 72 secreted proteins. In addition, it was possible to detect diversity in the protein profiles of the exoproteomes. Interestingly, strain 7108 presented no secretion of three antigenic proteins, including the classical SsaA antigen. In addition, the level of antigenic proteins secreted by strain 9325 was higher than in ATCC 15,305. This result was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-SsaA polyclonal antibodies, and no production/ secretion of SsaA was detected in strain 7108. Transcriptional data shows that 7108 strain produces transcripts encoding SsaA, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation occurs in this strain. Moreover, when compared with the other strains that were analyzed, it was possible to detect higher levels of proteases secreted by strain 7108 and higher levels of antigenic proteins and transglycosylases secreted by 9325 strain. The results reveal diversity in protein secretion among strains. This research is an important first step towards understanding the variability in S. saprophyticus exoproteome profile and could be significant in explaining differences among strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santana de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabella Inês Rodrigues Rosa
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Evandro Novaes
- Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian Cristiane Baeza
- Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, Brazil
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Célia Maria de Almeida Soares
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Alves Parente-Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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From the genome sequence via the proteome to cell physiology – Pathoproteomics and pathophysiology of Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Med Microbiol 2018; 308:545-557. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Non-classical Protein Excretion Is Boosted by PSMα-Induced Cell Leakage. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1278-1286. [PMID: 28793253 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Release of cytoplasmic proteins into the supernatant occurs both in bacteria and eukaryotes. Because the underlying mechanism remains unclear, the excretion of cytoplasmic proteins (ECP) has been referred to as "non-classical protein secretion." We show that none of the known specific protein transport systems of Gram-positive bacteria are involved in ECP. However, the expression of the cationic and amphipathic α-type phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), particularly of PSMα2, significantly increase ECP, while PSMβ peptides or δ-toxin have no effect on ECP. Because psm expression is strictly controlled by the accessory gene regulator (agr), ECP is also reduced in agr-negative mutants. PSMα peptides damage the cytoplasmic membrane, as indicated by the release of not only CPs but also lipids, nucleic acids, and ATP. Thus, our results show that in Staphylococcus aureus, PSMα peptides non-specifically boost the translocation of CPs by their membrane-damaging activity.
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Romero Pastrana F, Neef J, Koedijk DGAM, de Graaf D, Duipmans J, Jonkman MF, Engelmann S, van Dijl JM, Buist G. Human antibody responses against non-covalently cell wall-bound Staphylococcus aureus proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3234. [PMID: 29459694 PMCID: PMC5818649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human antibody responses to pathogens, like Staphylococcus aureus, are important indicators for in vivo expression and immunogenicity of particular bacterial components. Accordingly, comparing the antibody responses to S. aureus components may serve to predict their potential applicability as antigens for vaccination. The present study was aimed at assessing immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses elicited by non-covalently cell surface-bound proteins of S. aureus, which thus far received relatively little attention. To this end, we applied plasma samples from patients with the genetic blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and healthy S. aureus carriers. Of note, wounds of EB patients are highly colonized with S. aureus and accordingly these patients are more seriously exposed to staphylococcal antigens than healthy individuals. Ten non-covalently cell surface-bound proteins of S. aureus, namely Atl, Eap, Efb, EMP, IsaA, LukG, LukH, SA0710, Sle1 and SsaA2, were selected by bioinformatics and biochemical approaches. These antigens were recombinantly expressed, purified and tested for specific IgG responses using human plasma. We show that high exposure of EB patients to S. aureus is mirrored by elevated IgG levels against all tested non-covalently cell wall-bound staphylococcal antigens. This implies that these S. aureus cell surface proteins are prime targets for the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Romero Pastrana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda Neef
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis G A M Koedijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Graaf
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - José Duipmans
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Girbe Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Desvaux M, Candela T, Serror P. Surfaceome and Proteosurfaceome in Parietal Monoderm Bacteria: Focus on Protein Cell-Surface Display. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:100. [PMID: 29491848 PMCID: PMC5817068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell envelope of parietal monoderm bacteria (archetypal Gram-positive bacteria) is formed of a cytoplasmic membrane (CM) and a cell wall (CW). While the CM is composed of phospholipids, the CW is composed at least of peptidoglycan (PG) covalently linked to other biopolymers, such as teichoic acids, polysaccharides, and/or polyglutamate. Considering the CW is a porous structure with low selective permeability contrary to the CM, the bacterial cell surface hugs the molecular figure of the CW components as a well of the external side of the CM. While the surfaceome corresponds to the totality of the molecules found at the bacterial cell surface, the proteinaceous complement of the surfaceome is the proteosurfaceome. Once translocated across the CM, secreted proteins can either be released in the extracellular milieu or exposed at the cell surface by associating to the CM or the CW. Following the gene ontology (GO) for cellular components, cell-surface proteins at the CM can either be integral (GO: 0031226), i.e., the integral membrane proteins, or anchored to the membrane (GO: 0046658), i.e., the lipoproteins. At the CW (GO: 0009275), cell-surface proteins can be covalently bound, i.e., the LPXTG-proteins, or bound through weak interactions to the PG or wall polysaccharides, i.e., the cell wall binding proteins. Besides monopolypeptides, some proteins can associate to each other to form supramolecular protein structures of high molecular weight, namely the S-layer, pili, flagella, and cellulosomes. After reviewing the cell envelope components and the different molecular mechanisms involved in protein attachment to the cell envelope, perspectives in investigating the proteosurfaceome in parietal monoderm bacteria are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Desvaux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR454 MEDiS, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thomas Candela
- EA4043 Unité Bactéries Pathogènes et Santé, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pascale Serror
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Celebioglu HU, Svensson B. Exo- and surface proteomes of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 28393464 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM is a well-known probiotic bacterium extensively studied for its beneficial health effects. Exoproteome (proteins exported into culture medium) and surface proteome (proteins attached to S-layer) of this probiotic were identified by using 2DE followed by MALDI TOF MS to find proteins potentially involved in bacteria-host interactions. The exo- and surface proteomes included 43 and 39 different proteins from 72 and 49 successfully identified spots, respectively. Twenty-two proteins were shared between the two proteomes; both contained the major surface layer protein that participates in host interaction as well as several well-known and putative moonlighting proteins. The exoproteome contained nine classically-secreted (containing a signal sequence) and ten nonclassically-secreted proteins, while the surface proteome contained four classically-secreted and eight nonclassically secreted proteins. Identification of exo- and surface proteomes contributes describing potential protein-mediated probiotic-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Celebioglu HU, Delsoglio M, Brix S, Pessione E, Svensson B. Plant Polyphenols Stimulate Adhesion to Intestinal Mucosa and Induce Proteome Changes in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62. [PMID: 29205785 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Plant phenolics, known to exert beneficial effects on human health, were supplemented to cultures of the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (NCFM) to assess their effect on its adhesive capacity and the abundancy of individual proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS The presence of resveratrol and ferulic acid during bacterial growth stimulated adhesion of NCFM to mucin and human intestinal HT-29 cells, while tannic acid improved adhesion only to HT-29 cells and caffeic acid had very modest effect overall. Some dosage dependence was found for the four phenolics supplemented at 100, 250, and 500 μg mL-1 to the cultures. Notably, 500 μg mL-1 ferulic acid only stimulated adhesion to mucin. Analyses of differential whole-cell as well as surface proteomes revealed relative abundancy changes for a total of 27 and 22 NCFM proteins, respectively. These changes include enzymes acting in metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, and stress response, as well as known moonlighting or surface-associated proteins. CONCLUSION The five plant phenolics found in various foods stimulate the adhesive capacity of NCFM in diverse ways and elicit relative abundancy changes of specific proteins, providing molecular level insight into the mechanism of the putative beneficial effects of the polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ufuk Celebioglu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Marta Delsoglio
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Birte Svensson
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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García-Pérez AN, de Jong A, Junker S, Becher D, Chlebowicz MA, Duipmans JC, Jonkman MF, van Dijl JM. From the wound to the bench: exoproteome interplay between wound-colonizing Staphylococcus aureus strains and co-existing bacteria. Virulence 2018; 9:363-378. [PMID: 29233035 PMCID: PMC5955179 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1395129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound-colonizing microorganisms can form complex and dynamic polymicrobial communities where pathogens and commensals may co-exist, cooperate or compete with each other. The present study was aimed at identifying possible interactions between different bacteria isolated from the same chronic wound of a patient with the genetic blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Specifically, this involved two different isolates of the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, and isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis and Klebsiella oxytoca. Particular focus was attributed to interactions of S. aureus with the two other species, because of the high staphylococcal prevalence among chronic wounds. Intriguingly, upon co-cultivation, none of the wound isolates inhibited each other's growth. Since the extracellular proteome of bacterial pathogens is a reservoir of virulence factors, the exoproteomes of the staphylococcal isolates in monoculture and co-culture with B. thuringiensis and K. oxytoca were characterized by Mass Spectrometry to explore the inherent relationships between these co-exisiting bacteria. This revealed a massive reduction in the number of staphylococcal exoproteins upon co-culturing with K. oxytoca or B. thuringiensis. Interestingly, this decrease was particularly evident for extracellular proteins with a predicted cytoplasmic localization, which were recently implicated in staphylococcal virulence and epidemiology. Furthermore, our exoproteome analysis uncovered potential cooperativity between the two different S. aureus isolates. Altogether, the observed exoproteome variations upon co-culturing are indicative of unprecedented adaptive mechanisms that set limits to the production of secreted staphylococcal virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. García-Pérez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sabryna Junker
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute for Microbiology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Monika A. Chlebowicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - José C. Duipmans
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel F. Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Glasner C, de Goffau MC, van Timmeren MM, Schulze ML, Jansen B, Tavakol M, van Wamel WJB, Stegeman CA, Kallenberg CGM, Arends JP, Rossen JW, Heeringa P, van Dijl JM. Genetic loci of Staphylococcus aureus associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12211. [PMID: 28939882 PMCID: PMC5610336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteinase 3 (PR3)-positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) has been associated with chronic nasal S. aureus carriage, which is a risk factor for disease relapse. The present study was aimed at comparing the genetic make-up of S. aureus isolates from PR3-ANCA-positive GPA patients with that of isolates from patients suffering from myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-positive AAV, and isolates from healthy controls. Based on a DNA microarray-based approach, we show that not only PR3-ANCA-positive GPA patients, but also MPO-ANCA-positive AAV patients mainly carried S. aureus types that are prevalent in the general population. Nonetheless, our data suggests that MPO-ANCA-associated S. aureus isolates may be distinct from healthy control- and PR3-ANCA-associated isolates. Furthermore, several genetic loci of S. aureus are associated with either PR3-ANCA- or MPO-ANCA-positive AAV, indicating a possible role for pore-forming toxins, such as leukocidins, in PR3-ANCA-positive GPA. Contrary to previous studies, no association between AAV and superantigens was detected. Our findings also show that a lowered humoral immune response to S. aureus is common for PR3-ANCA- and MPO-ANCA-positive AAV. Altogether, our observations imply that the presence or absence of particular virulence genes of S. aureus isolates from AAV patients contributes to disease progression and/or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Glasner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus C de Goffau
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjan M van Timmeren
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirja L Schulze
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benita Jansen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mehri Tavakol
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J B van Wamel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Coen A Stegeman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees G M Kallenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P Arends
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John W Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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47
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Kumari N, Götz F, Nguyen MT. Aspartate tightens the anchoring of staphylococcal lipoproteins to the cytoplasmic membrane. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28901671 PMCID: PMC5727369 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In gram-negative bacteria, the ABC transporter LolCDE complex translocates outer membrane-specific lipoproteins (Lpp) from the inner membrane to the outer membrane. Lpp possessing aspartate (Asp) at position +2 are not translocated because it functions as a LolCDE avoidance signal. In gram-positive bacteria, lacking an outer membrane and the Lol system, Lpp are only anchored at the outer leaflet of the cytoplasmic membrane. However, the release of Lpp particularly in pathogenic or commensal species is crucial for immune modulation. Here, we provide evidence that in Staphylococcus aureus Asp at position +2 plays a role in withholding Lpp to the cytoplasmic membrane. Screening of published exoproteomic data of S. aureus revealed that Lpp mainly with Gly or Ser at position +2 were found in exoproteome, but there was no Lpp with Asp+2. The occurrence of Lpp with Asp+2 is infrequent in gram-positive bacteria. In S. aureus USA300 only seven of the 67 Lpp possess Asp+2; among them five Lpp represented Lpl lipoproteins involved in host cell invasion. Our study demonstrated that replacing the Asp+2 present in Lpl8 with a Ser enhances its release into the supernatant. However, there is no different release of Asp+2 and Ser+2 in mprF mutant that lacks the positive charge of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol (Lys-PG). Moreover, substitution of Ser+2 by Asp in SitC (MntC) did not lead to a decreased release indicating that in staphylococci positions +3 and +4 might also be important for a tighter anchoring of Lpp. Here, we show that Asp in position +2 and adjacent amino acids contribute in tightening the anchoring of Lpp by interaction of the negative charged Asp with the positive charged Lys-PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimerta Kumari
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbial Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Microbiology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Friedrich Götz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbial Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minh-Thu Nguyen
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Microbial Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,School of Biological and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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48
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Koedijk DGAM, Pastrana FR, Hoekstra H, Berg SVD, Back JW, Kerstholt C, Prins RC, Bakker-Woudenberg IAJM, van Dijl JM, Buist G. Differential epitope recognition in the immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A of Staphylococcus aureus by mouse versus human IgG antibodies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8141. [PMID: 28811514 PMCID: PMC5557936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunodominant staphylococcal antigen A (IsaA) is a potential target for active or passive immunization against the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Consistent with this view, monoclonal antibodies against IsaA were previously shown to be protective against S. aureus infections in mouse models. Further, patients with the genetic blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa (EB) displayed high IsaA-specific IgG levels that could potentially be protective. Yet, mice actively immunized with IsaA were not protected against S. aureus infection. The present study was aimed at explaining these differences in IsaA-specific immune responses. By epitope mapping, we show that the protective human monoclonal antibody (humAb) 1D9 recognizes a conserved 62-residue N-terminal domain of IsaA. The same region of IsaA is recognized by IgGs in EB patient sera. Further, we show by immunofluorescence microscopy that this N-terminal IsaA domain is exposed on the S. aureus cell surface. In contrast to the humAb 1D9 and IgGs from EB patients, the non-protective IgGs from mice immunized with IsaA were shown to predominantly bind the C-terminal domain of IsaA. Altogether, these observations focus attention on the N-terminal region of IsaA as a potential target for future immunization against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis G A M Koedijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Romero Pastrana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hedzer Hoekstra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne van den Berg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Kerstholt
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne C Prins
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma A J M Bakker-Woudenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Girbe Buist
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
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49
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Silva WM, Carvalho RDDO, Dorella FA, Folador EL, Souza GHMF, Pimenta AMC, Figueiredo HCP, Le Loir Y, Silva A, Azevedo V. Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Changes in the Benchmark Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Biovar Equi Exoproteome after Passage in a Murine Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:325. [PMID: 28791255 PMCID: PMC5524672 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis biovar equi is the etiologic agent of ulcerative lymphangitis. To investigate proteins that could be related to the virulence of this pathogen, we combined an experimental passage process using a murine model and high-throughput proteomics with a mass spectrometry, data-independent acquisition (LC-MSE) approach to identify and quantify the proteins released into the supernatants of strain 258_equi. To our knowledge, this approach allowed characterization of the exoproteome of a C. pseudotuberculosis equi strain for the first time. Interestingly, the recovery of this strain from infected mouse spleens induced a change in its virulence potential, and it became more virulent in a second infection challenge. Proteomic screening performed from culture supernatant of the control and recovered conditions revealed 104 proteins that were differentially expressed between the two conditions. In this context, proteomic analysis of the recovered condition detected the induction of proteins involved in bacterial pathogenesis, mainly related to iron uptake. In addition, KEGG enrichment analysis showed that ABC transporters, bacterial secretion systems and protein export pathways were significantly altered in the recovered condition. These findings show that secretion and secreted proteins are key elements in the virulence and adaptation of C. pseudotuberculosis. Collectively, bacterial pathogenesis-related proteins were identified that contribute to the processes of adherence, intracellular growth and evasion of the immune system. Moreover, this study enhances our understanding of the factors that may influence the pathogenesis of C. pseudotuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanderson M Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil.,Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Rodrigo D De Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Dorella
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Edson L Folador
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da ParaíbaJoão Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H M F Souza
- Waters Corporation, Waters Technologies Brazil, MS Applications LaboratorySão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano M C Pimenta
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France.,Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1253 Science & Technologie du Lait & de l'Oeuf (STLO)Rennes, France
| | - Artur Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do ParáBelém, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
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50
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Mekonnen SA, Palma Medina LM, Glasner C, Tsompanidou E, de Jong A, Grasso S, Schaffer M, Mäder U, Larsen AR, Gumpert H, Westh H, Völker U, Otto A, Becher D, van Dijl JM. Signatures of cytoplasmic proteins in the exoproteome distinguish community- and hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 lineages. Virulence 2017; 8:891-907. [PMID: 28475476 PMCID: PMC5626246 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1325064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the common name for a heterogeneous group of highly drug-resistant staphylococci. Two major MRSA classes are distinguished based on epidemiology, namely community-associated (CA) and hospital-associated (HA) MRSA. Notably, the distinction of CA- and HA-MRSA based on molecular traits remains difficult due to the high genomic plasticity of S. aureus. Here we sought to pinpoint global distinguishing features of CA- and HA-MRSA through a comparative genome and proteome analysis of the notorious MRSA lineage USA300. We show for the first time that CA- and HA-MRSA isolates can be distinguished by 2 distinct extracellular protein abundance clusters that are predictive not only for epidemiologic behavior, but also for their growth and survival within epithelial cells. This ‘exoproteome profiling’ also groups more distantly related HA-MRSA isolates into the HA exoproteome cluster. Comparative genome analysis suggests that these distinctive features of CA- and HA-MRSA isolates relate predominantly to the accessory genome. Intriguingly, the identified exoproteome clusters differ in the relative abundance of typical cytoplasmic proteins, suggesting that signatures of cytoplasmic proteins in the exoproteome represent a new distinguishing feature of CA- and HA-MRSA. Our comparative genome and proteome analysis focuses attention on potentially distinctive roles of ‘liberated’ cytoplasmic proteins in the epidemiology and intracellular survival of CA- and HA-MRSA isolates. Such extracellular cytoplasmic proteins were recently invoked in staphylococcal virulence, but their implication in the epidemiology of MRSA is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Mekonnen
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Laura M Palma Medina
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Corinna Glasner
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eleni Tsompanidou
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- c Department of Molecular Genetics , University of Groningen, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Grasso
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Marc Schaffer
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Ulrike Mäder
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Anders R Larsen
- d National Center for Antimicrobials and Infection Control , Statens Serum Institut , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Heidi Gumpert
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Hvidovre University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark
| | - Henrik Westh
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Hvidovre University Hospital , Hvidovre , Denmark.,f Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Uwe Völker
- b Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics , University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- g Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- g Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Jan Maarten van Dijl
- a Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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