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Kang G, Woo WS, Kim KH, Son HJ, Sohn MY, Kong HJ, Kim YO, Kim DG, Kim EM, Noh ES, Park CI. Identification of Potential Hazards Associated with South Korean Prawns and Monitoring Results Targeting Fishing Bait. Pathogens 2023; 12:1228. [PMID: 37887744 PMCID: PMC10610149 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study detected two potential pathogens, Vibro parahaemolyticus, which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), in fishing bait in South Korea. However, their infectious nature was not confirmed, possibly due to the degradation caused by freezing/thawing or prolonged storage under frozen conditions. While infectivity was not confirmed in this study, there is still a significant risk of exposure to these aquatic products. Furthermore, fishing bait and feed should be handled with caution as they are directly exposed to water, increasing the risk of disease transmission. In Australia, cases of WSSV infection caused by imported shrimp intended for human consumption have occurred, highlighting the need for preventive measures. While freezing/thawing is a method for inactivating pathogens, there are still regulatory and realistic issues to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyoungsik Kang
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
| | - Won-Sik Woo
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
| | - Ha-Jeong Son
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
| | - Min-Young Sohn
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Noh
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea; (G.K.)
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Liu S, Xia J, Tian Y, Yao L, Xu T, Li X, Li X, Wang W, Kong J, Zhang Q. Investigation of Pathogenic Mechanism of Covert Mortality Nodavirus Infection in Penaeus vannamei. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:904358. [PMID: 35711775 PMCID: PMC9195102 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.904358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral covert mortality disease (VCMD), also known as running mortality syndrome (RMS), is caused by covert mortality nodavirus (CMNV) and has impacted the shrimp farming industry in Asia and Latin America in recent years. The pathogenic mechanism of CMNV infecting Penaeus vannamei was investigated in this study. In the naturally infected shrimp, histopathological and in situ hybridization (ISH) analysis verified that CMNV infection and severe cellar structural damage occurred in almost all cells of the ommatidium. Under transmission electron microscopic (TEM), vacuolation and necrosis, together with numerous CMNV-like particles, could be observed in the cytoplasm of most cell types of the ommatidium. The challenge test showed that a low CMNV infectious dose caused cumulative mortality of 66.7 ± 6.7% and 33.3 ± 3.6% of shrimp in the 31-day outdoor and indoor farming trials, respectively. The shrimp in the infection group grew slower than those in the control group; the percentage of soft-shell individuals in the infection group (42.9%) was much higher than that of the control group (17.1%). The histopathological and ISH examinations of individuals artificially infected with CMNV revealed that severe cellar damage, including vacuolation, karyopyknosis, and structural failure, occurred not only in the cells of the refraction part of the ommatidium, but also in the cells of the nerve enrichment and hormone secretion zones. And the pathological damages were severe in the nerve cells of both the ventral nerve cord and segmental nerve of the pleopods. TEM examination revealed the ultrastructural pathological changes and vast amounts of CMNV-like particles in the above-mentioned tissues. The differential transcriptome analysis showed that the CMNV infection resulted in the significant down-regulated expression of genes of photo-transduction, digestion, absorption, and growth hormones, which might be the reason for the slow growth of shrimp infected by CMNV. This study uncovered unique characteristics of neurotropism of CMNV for the first time and explored the pathogenesis of slow growth and shell softening of P. vannamei caused by CMNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jitao Xia
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Liang Yao
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xupeng Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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