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Chin KW, Khoo SC, Paul RPM, Luang-In V, Lam SD, Ma NL. Potential of Synbiotics and Probiotics as Chemopreventive Agent. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10299-z. [PMID: 38896220 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains a global problem, with millions of new cases diagnosed yearly and countless lives lost. The financial burden of cancer therapy, along with worries about the long-term safety of existing medicines, necessitates the investigation of alternative approaches to cancer prevention. Probiotics generate chemopreventive compounds such as bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which have demonstrated the ability to impede cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and bolster the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. On the other hand, prebiotics, classified as non-digestible food ingredients, promote the proliferation of probiotics within the colon, thereby ensuring sustained functionality of the gut microbiota. Consequently, the synergistic effect of combining prebiotics with probiotics, known as the synbiotic effect, in dietary interventions holds promise for potentially mitigating cancer risk and augmenting preventive measures. The utilization of gut microbiota in cancer treatment has shown promise in alleviating adverse health effects. This review explored the potential and the role of probiotics and synbiotics in enhancing health and contributing to cancer prevention efforts. In this review, the applications of functional probiotics and synbiotics, the mechanisms of action of probiotics in cancer, and the relationship of probiotics with various drugs were discussed, shedding light on the potential of probiotics and synbiotics to alleviate the burdens of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Wei Chin
- Bioses Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shing Ching Khoo
- Bioses Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Richard Paul Merisha Paul
- Bioses Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Vijitra Luang-In
- Natural Antioxidant Innovation Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, 44150, Kantarawichai, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Su Datt Lam
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Bioses Research Interest Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
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2
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Yang H, Fan X, Mao X, Yu B, He J, Yan H, Wang J. The protective role of prebiotics and probiotics on diarrhea and gut damage in the rotavirus-infected piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:61. [PMID: 38698473 PMCID: PMC11067158 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is one of the pathogenic causes that induce diarrhea in young animals, especially piglets, worldwide. However, nowadays, there is no specific drug available to treat the disease, and the related vaccines have no obvious efficiency in some countries. Via analyzing the pathogenesis of rotavirus, it inducing diarrhea is mainly due to disturb enteric nervous system, destroy gut mucosal integrity, induce intracellular electrolyte imbalance, and impair gut microbiota and immunity. Many studies have already proved that prebiotics and probiotics can mitigate the damage and diarrhea induced by rotavirus infection in hosts. Based on these, the current review summarizes and discusses the effects and mechanisms of prebiotics and probiotics on rotavirus-induced diarrhea in piglets. This information will highlight the basis for the swine production utilization of prebiotics and probiotics in the prevention or treatment of rotavirus infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Fan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, No. 211, Gongpinghuimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, People's Republic of China
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El Jeni R, Villot C, Koyun OY, Osorio-Doblado A, Baloyi JJ, Lourenco JM, Steele M, Callaway TR. Invited review: "Probiotic" approaches to improving dairy production: Reassessing "magic foo-foo dust". J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:1832-1856. [PMID: 37949397 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbial consortium in dairy cattle is critical to determining the energetic status of the dairy cow from birth through her final lactation. The ruminant's microbial community can degrade a wide variety of feedstuffs, which can affect growth, as well as production rate and efficiency on the farm, but can also affect food safety, animal health, and environmental impacts of dairy production. Gut microbial diversity and density are powerful tools that can be harnessed to benefit both producers and consumers. The incentives in the United States to develop Alternatives to Antibiotics for use in food-animal production have been largely driven by the Veterinary Feed Directive and have led to an increased use of probiotic approaches to alter the gastrointestinal microbial community composition, resulting in improved heifer growth, milk production and efficiency, and animal health. However, the efficacy of direct-fed microbials or probiotics in dairy cattle has been highly variable due to specific microbial ecological factors within the host gut and its native microflora. Interactions (both synergistic and antagonistic) between the microbial ecosystem and the host animal physiology (including epithelial cells, immune system, hormones, enzyme activities, and epigenetics) are critical to understanding why some probiotics work but others do not. Increasing availability of next-generation sequencing approaches provides novel insights into how probiotic approaches change the microbial community composition in the gut that can potentially affect animal health (e.g., diarrhea or scours, gut integrity, foodborne pathogens), as well as animal performance (e.g., growth, reproduction, productivity) and fermentation parameters (e.g., pH, short-chain fatty acids, methane production, and microbial profiles) of cattle. However, it remains clear that all direct-fed microbials are not created equal and their efficacy remains highly variable and dependent on stage of production and farm environment. Collectively, data have demonstrated that probiotic effects are not limited to the simple mechanisms that have been traditionally hypothesized, but instead are part of a complex cascade of microbial ecological and host animal physiological effects that ultimately impact dairy production and profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R El Jeni
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - C Villot
- Lallemand SAS, Blagnac, France, 31069
| | - O Y Koyun
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - A Osorio-Doblado
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J J Baloyi
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - J M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - M Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - T R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
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Characterization of Sialic Acid-Independent Simian Rotavirus Mutants in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis. J Virol 2023; 97:e0139722. [PMID: 36602365 PMCID: PMC9888295 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01397-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are nonenveloped viruses that cause gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Sialic acid is an initial receptor, especially for animal RVs, including rhesus RV. Sialic acid binds to the VP8* subunit, a part of the outer capsid protein VP4 of RV. Although interactions between virus and glycan receptors influence tissue and host tropism and viral pathogenicity, research has long been limited to biochemical and structural studies due to the unavailability of an RV reverse genetics system. Here, we examined the importance of sialic acid in RV infections using recombinant RVs harboring mutations in sialic acid-binding sites in VP4 via a simian RV strain SA11-based reverse genetics system. RV VP4 mutants that could not bind to sialic acid had replicated to decreased viral titer in MA104 cells. Wild-type virus infectivity was reduced, while that of VP4 mutants was not affected in sialic acid-deficient cells. Unexpectedly, in vivo experiments demonstrated that VP4 mutants suppressed mouse pups' weight gain and exacerbated diarrhea symptoms compared to wild-type viruses. Intestinal contents enhanced VP4 mutants' infectivity. Thus, possibly via interactions with other unknown receptors and/or intestinal contents, VP4 mutants are more likely than wild-type viruses to proliferate in the murine intestine, causing diarrhea and weight loss. These results suggest that RVs binding sialic acid notably affect viral infection in vitro and viral pathogenesis in vivo. IMPORTANCE Various studies have been conducted on the binding of VP8* and glycans, and the direct interaction between purified VP8* and glycans has been investigated by crystalline structure analyses. Here, we used a reverse genetics system to generate rotaviruses (RVs) with various VP4 mutants. The generated mutant strains clarified the importance of glycan binding in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, even when VP4 mutants could not bind to sialic acid, they were able to bind to an unknown receptor. As RVs evolve, pathogenicity can also be modified by easily altering the glycans to which VP4 binds.
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Olbertz D, Proquitté H, Patzer L, Erler T, Mikolajczak A, Sadowska-Krawczenko I, Wolff C, Radke M. Potential Benefit of Probiotic E. Coli Nissle in Term Neonates. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2022. [PMID: 36446590 PMCID: PMC10328724 DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are often viewed as an immunity enhancing agent. The objective of this study was to investigate whether oral administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 reduces the number of infections, their duration, and severity in the first 24 months after parturition in healthy neonates. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This prospective, confirmatory, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 567 healthy neonates from four German and two Polish sites. Neonates received 10e8 viable E. coli Nissle (n=283) or placebo (n=284) daily in the first week and every second day in week 2 and 3. After 6 and 12 months, the subjects received additional instillations on ten subsequent days. The overall efficacy was assessed by the number of infections per observation period. RESULTS Incidence rates of infection, infection duration and severity showed no statistically significant difference between groups after 24 months. Post-hoc analyses, however, revealed a short-term benefit of E. coli Nissle four weeks after treatment start which became less pronounced after eight weeks. E. coli Nissle was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS A long-term effect after colonising the healthy neonate´s gut with E. coli Nissle to protect against infections could not be shown. Additional studies are needed to confirm a transitory, yet clinically significant role of probiotics in the first four weeks after parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Olbertz
- Department of Neonatology, Klinikum Südstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Proquitté
- Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Ludwig Patzer
- Pediatrics, Children's Hospital St. Elisabeth and St. Barbara, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Erler
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Westbrandenburg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexsandra Mikolajczak
- Department of Neonatology, University Clinical Centre of Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Sadowska-Krawczenko
- Department of Neonatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Corinna Wolff
- Department of Clinical Research, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Michael Radke
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Raev SA, Omwando AM, Guo Y, Raque MS, Amimo JO, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Glycan-mediated interactions between bacteria, rotavirus and the host cells provide an additional mechanism of antiviral defence. Benef Microbes 2022; 13:383-396. [PMID: 36239669 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited efficacy of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in children in developing countries and in animals remains a significant problem necessitating further search for additional approaches to control RV-associated gastroenteritis. During cell attachment and entry events, RV interacts with cell surface O-glycans including histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Besides modulation of the protective immunity against RV, several commensal and probiotic bacteria were shown to express HBGA-like substances suggesting that they may affect RV attachment and entry into the host cells. Moreover, some beneficial bacteria have been shown to possess the ability to bind host HBGAs via sugar specific proteins called lectins. However, limited research has been done to evaluate the effects of HBGA-expressing and/or HBGA-binding bacteria on RV infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of selected commensal and probiotic bacteria to bind different RV strains via HBGAs and to block RV infection of IPEC-J2 cells. Our data indicated that Gram-negative probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (E. coli Nissle 1917) and commensal Gram-positive (Streptococcus bovis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and Gram-negative (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Clostridium clostridioforme and Escherichia coli G58 (E. coli G58) bacteria of swine origin expressed HBGAs which correlated with their ability to bind group A and C RVs. Additionally, Gram-positive E. coli 1917 and E. coli G58 demonstrated the ability to block RV attachment onto IPEC-J2 cells. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that physical interactions between RVs and HBGA-expressing beneficial bacteria may limit RV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - A M Omwando
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Y Guo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - M S Raque
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - J O Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, 00625 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - L J Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - A N Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Kazemifard N, Dehkohneh A, Baradaran Ghavami S. Probiotics and probiotic-based vaccines: A novel approach for improving vaccine efficacy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:940454. [PMID: 36313997 PMCID: PMC9606607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.940454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Kazemifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Dehkohneh
- Department for Materials and the Environment, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany,Department of Biology Chemistry Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Shaghayegh Baradaran Ghavami
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Sun C, Gao X, Sun M, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhao X, Jia F, Zhang T, Ge C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Yang G, Wang J, Huang H, Shi C, Yang W, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Wang C, Jiang Y. Protective effects of E. coli Nissle 1917 on chickens infected with Salmonella pullorum. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105768. [PMID: 36096456 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) plays an important role in regulating the microbial components of the gut and preventing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Currently, the long-term use of antibiotics for the treatment of lethal white diarrhea in chicks caused by Salmonella has led to increased morbidity and mutation rates. Therefore, we want to use EcN as an antibiotic alternative as an alternative approach to prevent Salmonella-induced white diarrhea in chickens. To date, there are no reports of EcN being used for the prevention and control of Salmonella pullorum (S. pullorum) in chickens. In vitro, pretreatment with EcN significantly decreased the cellular invasion of S. pullorum CVCC533 in a chicken fibroblast (DF-1) cell model. Then, 0-day-old egg-laying chickens were orally inoculated with EcN at a dose of 109 CFU/100 μL at either Day 1 (EcN1) or both Day 1 and Day 4 (EcN2). Then, S. pullorum CVCC533 was used to challenge the cells at a dose of 1.0 × 107 CFU/100 μL on Day 8. Next, the body weights and survival rates were recorded for 14 consecutive days, and the colonization of S. pullorum in the spleen and liver at 7 days post-challenge (dpc) was determined. Chicken feces were also collected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 dpc to evaluate the excretion of pathogenic bacteria in feces. The liver, duodenum and rectum samples were collected and analyzed by pathological histology at 7 dpc to evaluate the protective effect of EcN on the mucosa, villi and crypts of the small intestine. The spleen and bursa were collected, and the immune organ index was calculated. In addition, the contents of the cecum of chicks were collected at 7 dpc for 16S rRNA sequencing to detect the distribution of microbial communities in the intestine. The results showed that EcN was able to protect against CVCC533 challenge, as shown by decreased body weight loss, mortality and shedding of pathogenic bacteria in fecal samples in the EcN1 plus Salmonella challenge group (EcN1S) but not the EcN2 plus Salmonella challenge group (EcN2S). The pathogenic changes in the liver, duodenum and rectum also demonstrated that one dose but not two doses of EcN effectively prolonged the length of the pilus with decreased crypt depth, indicating its protective effects against S. pullorum. In addition, the 16S rRNA sequencing results suggested that EcN could enlarge the diversity of intestinal flora, decrease the abundance of pathogenic bacteria and increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus. In conclusion, EcN has shown moderate protection against S. pullorum challenge in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xingyun Gao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ming Sun
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhannan Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Futing Jia
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tongyu Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chongbo Ge
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Menglei Zhang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Haibin Huang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
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The Combined Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Tryptophan Treatment Modulates Immune and Metabolome Responses to Human Rotavirus Infection in a Human Infant Fecal Microbiota-Transplanted Malnourished Gnotobiotic Pig Model. mSphere 2022; 7:e0027022. [PMID: 36073800 PMCID: PMC9599269 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00270-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries where widespread malnutrition contributes to the decreased oral vaccine efficacy and increased prevalence of other enteric infections, which are major concerns for global health. Neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets closely resemble human infants in their anatomy, physiology, and outbred status, providing a unique model to investigate malnutrition, supplementations, and HRV infection. To understand the molecular signatures associated with immune enhancement and reduced diarrheal severity by Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and tryptophan (TRP), immunological responses and global nontargeted metabolomics and lipidomics approaches were investigated on the plasma and fecal contents of malnourished pigs transplanted with human infant fecal microbiota and infected with virulent (Vir) HRV. Overall, EcN + TRP combined (rather than individual supplement action) promoted greater and balanced immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory responses associated with greater protection against HRV infection and disease in malnourished humanized piglets. Moreover, EcN + TRP treatment upregulated the production of several metabolites with immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory properties: amino acids (N-acetylserotonin, methylacetoacetyl-CoA), lipids (gamma-butyrobetaine, eicosanoids, cholesterol-sulfate, sphinganine/phytosphingosine, leukotriene), organic compound (biliverdin), benzenoids (gentisic acid, aminobenzoic acid), and nucleotides (hypoxathine/inosine/xanthine, cytidine-5'-monophosphate). Additionally, the levels of several proinflammatory metabolites of organic compounds (adenosylhomocysteine, phenylacetylglycine, urobilinogen/coproporphyrinogen) and amino acid (phenylalanine) were reduced following EcN + TRP treatment. These results suggest that the EcN + TRP effects on reducing HRV diarrhea in neonatal Gn pigs were at least in part due to altered metabolites, those involved in lipid, amino acid, benzenoids, organic compounds, and nucleotide metabolism. Identification of these important mechanisms of EcN/TRP prevention of HRV diarrhea provides novel targets for therapeutics development. IMPORTANCE Human rotavirus (HRV) is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, especially in developing countries, where the efficacy of oral HRV vaccines is reduced. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is used to treat enteric infections and ulcerative colitis while tryptophan (TRP) is a biomarker of malnutrition, and its supplementation can alleviate intestinal inflammation and normalize intestinal microbiota in malnourished hosts. Supplementation of EcN + TRP to malnourished humanized gnotobiotic piglets enhanced immune responses and resulted in greater protection against HRV infection and diarrhea. Moreover, EcN + TRP supplementation increased the levels of immunoregulatory/immunostimulatory metabolites while decreasing the production of proinflammatory metabolites in plasma and fecal samples. Profiling of immunoregulatory and proinflammatory biomarkers associated with HRV perturbations will aid in the identification of treatments against HRV and other enteric diseases in malnourished children.
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Michael H, Amimo JO, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Mechanisms of Kwashiorkor-Associated Immune Suppression: Insights From Human, Mouse, and Pig Studies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:826268. [PMID: 35585989 PMCID: PMC9108366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.826268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition refers to inadequate energy and/or nutrient intake. Malnutrition exhibits a bidirectional relationship with infections whereby malnutrition increases risk of infections that further aggravates malnutrition. Severe malnutrition (SM) is the main cause of secondary immune deficiency and mortality among children in developing countries. SM can manifest as marasmus (non-edematous), observed most often (68.6% of all malnutrition cases), kwashiorkor (edematous), detected in 23.8% of cases, and marasmic kwashiorkor, identified in ~7.6% of SM cases. Marasmus and kwashiorkor occur due to calorie-energy and protein-calorie deficiency (PCD), respectively. Kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor present with reduced protein levels, protein catabolism rates, and altered levels of micronutrients leading to uncontrolled oxidative stress, exhaustion of anaerobic commensals, and proliferation of pathobionts. Due to these alterations, kwashiorkor children present with profoundly impaired immune function, compromised intestinal barrier, and secondary micronutrient deficiencies. Kwashiorkor-induced alterations contribute to growth stunting and reduced efficacy of oral vaccines. SM is treated with antibiotics and ready-to-use therapeutic foods with variable efficacy. Kwashiorkor has been extensively investigated in gnotobiotic (Gn) mice and piglet models to understand its multiple immediate and long-term effects on children health. Due to numerous physiological and immunological similarities between pigs and humans, pig represents a highly relevant model to study kwashiorkor pathophysiology and immunology. Here we summarize the impact of kwashiorkor on children's health, immunity, and gut functions and review the relevant findings from human and animal studies. We also discuss the reciprocal interactions between PCD and rotavirus-a highly prevalent enteric childhood pathogen due to which pathogenesis and immunity are affected by childhood SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Joshua O. Amimo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States
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11
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Liu A, Guo M, He L, Martínez MA, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Ares I. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase protects against deoxynivalenol-induced growth inhibition by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112969. [PMID: 35351591 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is an inevitable contaminant in cereals for infants. Indeed, children's growth retardation caused by widespread DON pollution has become a global problem that cannot be ignored. Accumulating evidence has shown that DON stunts growth in children through pro-inflammatory cytokines. An exogenous increase of methylnicotinamide, a metabolite produced by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), has anti-inflammatory effects, but it is not clear whether NNMT has the same effect, and the role of NNMT in DON-induced inflammation and growth impairment remains indistinct. The present research reports that NNMT is an inflammatory self-protective factor in DON-exposed L02 cells. DON promoted the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, DON increased NNMT to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-11 and IL-6, and thus increased IGF-1 and cell viability, alleviating the cell growth inhibition induced by DON. Interestingly, NNMT negatively regulated the expression of IL-1β through Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1). Collectively, these findings provide new mechanistic insights into the toxicity of DON-induced growth retardation and inflammatory responses in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimei Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Hanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingyue Guo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lixuan He
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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12
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Geervliet M, de Vries H, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, van Hees H, Wen C, Skovgaard K, Antonello G, Savelkoul HFJ, Smidt H, Tijhaar E, Wells JM. Effects of E scherichia coli Nissle 1917 on the Porcine Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Epithelium and Immune System in Early Life. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842437. [PMID: 35283814 PMCID: PMC8914288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in life and particularly around weaning, piglets are susceptible to infections because of abrupt social, environmental, and dietary changes. Dietary interventions with probiotic bacteria have gained popularity because of the increased awareness of the direct link between diet and health. In this study, piglets received the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) or a control treatment perorally from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. To investigate spatio-temporal effects of EcN on the gut microbiota composition, intestinal epithelial gene expression and immune system, feces, digesta, blood, scraping material and mesenteric lymph node tissue were collected at different time points. In addition, oral vaccinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were administered on days 21 and 45 of the study to assess the immunocompetence. EcN-treated pigs showed a reduced diversity of taxa within the phylum Proteobacteria and a lower relative abundance of taxa within the genus Treponema during the pre-weaning period. Moreover, EcN induced T cell proliferation and Natural Killer cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells, the latter pointing toward a more regulatory or anti-inflammatory state of the local gut-associated immune system. These outcomes were primarily observed pre-weaning. No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups with regards to body weight, epithelial gene expression, and immune response upon vaccination. Differences observed during the post-weaning period between the treatment groups were modest. Overall, this study demonstrates that the pre-weaning period offers a 'window of opportunity' to modulate the porcine gut microbiota and immune system through dietary interventions such as EcN supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hubèrt van Hees
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Antonello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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13
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Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Enhances Efficacy of Oral Attenuated Human Rotavirus Vaccine in a Gnotobiotic Piglet Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10010083. [PMID: 35062744 PMCID: PMC8779073 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) infection is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. Current oral vaccines perform poorly in developing countries where efficacious vaccines are needed the most. Therefore, an alternative affordable strategy to enhance efficacy of the current RV vaccines is necessary. This study evaluated the effects of colonization of neonatal gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs with Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN) 1917 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotics on immunogenicity and protective efficacy of oral attenuated (Att) HRV vaccine. EcN-colonized pigs had reduced virulent HRV (VirHRV) shedding and decreased diarrhea severity compared with the LGG-colonized group. They also had enhanced HRV-specific IgA antibody titers in serum and antibody secreting cell numbers in tissues pre/post VirHRV challenge, HRV-specific IgA antibody titers in intestinal contents, and B-cell subpopulations in tissues post VirHRV challenge. EcN colonization also enhanced T-cell immune response, promoted dendritic cells and NK cell function, reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines/Toll like receptor (TLR), and increased production of immunoregulatory cytokines/TLR expression in various tissues pre/post VirHRV challenge. Thus, EcN probiotic adjuvant with AttHRV vaccine enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of AttHRV to a greater extent than LGG and it can be used as a safe and economical oral vaccine adjuvant.
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14
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Peña-Gil N, Santiso-Bellón C, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Buesa J, Monedero V, Rodríguez-Díaz J. The Role of Host Glycobiology and Gut Microbiota in Rotavirus and Norovirus Infection, an Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413473. [PMID: 34948268 PMCID: PMC8704558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) and norovirus (NoV) are the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) have a role in NoV and RV infections since their presence on the gut epithelial surfaces is essential for the susceptibility to many NoV and RV genotypes. Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes required for HBGAs synthesis lead to secretor or non-secretor and Lewis positive or Lewis negative individuals. While secretor individuals appear to be more susceptible to RV infections, regarding NoVs infections, there are too many discrepancies that prevent the ability to draw conclusions. A second factor that influences enteric viral infections is the gut microbiota of the host. In vitro and animal studies have determined that the gut microbiota limits, but in some cases enhances enteric viral infection. The ways that microbiota can enhance NoV or RV infection include virion stabilization and promotion of virus attachment to host cells, whereas experiments with microbiota-depleted and germ-free animals point to immunoregulation as the mechanism by which the microbiota restrict infection. Human trials with live, attenuated RV vaccines and analysis of the microbiota in responder and non-responder individuals also allowed the identification of bacterial taxa linked to vaccine efficacy. As more information is gained on the complex relationships that are established between the host (glycobiology and immune system), the gut microbiota and intestinal viruses, new avenues will open for the development of novel anti-NoV and anti-RV therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Peña-Gil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Santiso-Bellón
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (C.S.-B.); (R.G.-R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963-864-903; Fax: +34-963-864-960
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15
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Lunney JK, Van Goor A, Walker KE, Hailstock T, Franklin J, Dai C. Importance of the pig as a human biomedical model. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabd5758. [PMID: 34818055 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan K Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Angelica Van Goor
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Kristen E Walker
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Taylor Hailstock
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jasmine Franklin
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Chaohui Dai
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC, NEA, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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