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Wen C, Geervliet M, de Vries H, Fabà L, den Hil PJRV, Skovgaard K, Savelkoul HFJ, Schols HA, Wells JM, Tijhaar E, Smidt H. Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:24. [PMID: 37041617 PMCID: PMC10088699 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agaricus subrufescens is considered as one of the most important culinary-medicinal mushrooms around the world. It has been widely suggested to be used for the development of functional food ingredients to promote human health ascribed to the various properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities). In this context, the interest in A. subrufescens based feed ingredients as alternatives for antibiotics has also been fuelled during an era of reduced/banned antibiotics use. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a fermented feed additive -rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) of A. subrufescens-on pig intestinal microbiota, mucosal gene expression and local and systemic immunity during early life. Piglets received ROM or a tap water placebo (Ctrl) perorally every other day from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. Eight animals per treatment were euthanized and dissected on days 27, 44 and 70. RESULTS The results showed ROM piglets had a lower inter-individual variation of faecal microbiota composition before weaning and a lower relative abundance of proteobacterial genera in jejunum (Undibacterium and Solobacterium) and caecum (Intestinibacter and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_001) on day 70, as compared to Ctrl piglets. ROM supplementation also influenced gut mucosal gene expression in both ileum and caecum on day 44. In ileum, ROM pigs showed increased expression of TJP1/ZO1 but decreased expression of CLDN3, CLDN5 and MUC2 than Ctrl pigs. Genes involved in TLR signalling (e.g., TICAM2, IRAK4 and LY96) were more expressed but MYD88 and TOLLIP were less expressed in ROM pigs than Ctrl animals. NOS2 and HIF1A involved in redox signalling were either decreased or increased in ROM pigs, respectively. In caecum, differentially expressed genes between two groups were mainly shown as increased expression (e.g., MUC2, PDGFRB, TOLLIP, TNFAIP3 and MYD88) in ROM pigs. Moreover, ROM animals showed higher NK cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated MLN cells before weaning. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results suggest that ROM supplementation in early life modulates gut microbiota and (local) immune system development. Consequently, ROM supplementation may contribute to improving health of pigs during the weaning transition period and reducing antibiotics use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lluís Fabà
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J Roubos-van den Hil
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- DSM Food and Beverages - Fresh Dairy, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jerry M Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Geervliet M, de Vries H, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, van Hees H, Wen C, Skovgaard K, Antonello G, Savelkoul HFJ, Smidt H, Tijhaar E, Wells JM. Effects of E scherichia coli Nissle 1917 on the Porcine Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Epithelium and Immune System in Early Life. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:842437. [PMID: 35283814 PMCID: PMC8914288 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in life and particularly around weaning, piglets are susceptible to infections because of abrupt social, environmental, and dietary changes. Dietary interventions with probiotic bacteria have gained popularity because of the increased awareness of the direct link between diet and health. In this study, piglets received the probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) or a control treatment perorally from day 2 after birth until 2 weeks post-weaning. To investigate spatio-temporal effects of EcN on the gut microbiota composition, intestinal epithelial gene expression and immune system, feces, digesta, blood, scraping material and mesenteric lymph node tissue were collected at different time points. In addition, oral vaccinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were administered on days 21 and 45 of the study to assess the immunocompetence. EcN-treated pigs showed a reduced diversity of taxa within the phylum Proteobacteria and a lower relative abundance of taxa within the genus Treponema during the pre-weaning period. Moreover, EcN induced T cell proliferation and Natural Killer cell activation in blood and enhanced IL-10 production in ex vivo stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells, the latter pointing toward a more regulatory or anti-inflammatory state of the local gut-associated immune system. These outcomes were primarily observed pre-weaning. No significant differences were observed between the treatment groups with regards to body weight, epithelial gene expression, and immune response upon vaccination. Differences observed during the post-weaning period between the treatment groups were modest. Overall, this study demonstrates that the pre-weaning period offers a 'window of opportunity' to modulate the porcine gut microbiota and immune system through dietary interventions such as EcN supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hugo de Vries
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hubèrt van Hees
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Caifang Wen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Giacomo Antonello
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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de Vries H, Geervliet M, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, van Hees H, Groothuis N, Wells JM, Savelkoul HFJ, Tijhaar E, Smidt H. Impact of Yeast-Derived β-Glucans on the Porcine Gut Microbiota and Immune System in Early Life. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101573. [PMID: 33066115 PMCID: PMC7601942 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets are susceptible to infections in early life and around weaning due to rapid environmental and dietary changes. A compelling target to improve pig health in early life is diet, as it constitutes a pivotal determinant of gut microbial colonization and maturation of the host’s immune system. In the present study, we investigated how supplementation of yeast-derived β-glucans affects the gut microbiota and immune function pre- and post-weaning, and how these complex systems develop over time. From day two after birth until two weeks after weaning, piglets received yeast-derived β-glucans or a control treatment orally and were subsequently vaccinated against Salmonella Typhimurium. Faeces, digesta, blood, and tissue samples were collected to study gut microbiota composition and immune function. Overall, yeast-derived β-glucans did not affect the vaccination response, and only modest effects on faecal microbiota composition and immune parameters were observed, primarily before weaning. This study demonstrates that the pre-weaning period offers a ‘window of opportunity’ to alter the gut microbiota and immune system through diet. However, the observed changes were modest, and any long-lasting effects of yeast-derived β-glucans remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo de Vries
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.A.J.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.A.J.); (V.P.M.G.R.)
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
| | - Hubèrt van Hees
- Research and Development, Trouw Nutrition, 3800 AG Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Natalie Groothuis
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands; (M.G.); (N.G.); (H.F.J.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence:
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Geervliet M, Lute LCP, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, Savelkoul HFJ, Tijhaar E. Differential immunomodulation of porcine bone marrow derived dendritic cells by E. coli Nissle 1917 and β-glucans. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233773. [PMID: 32559198 PMCID: PMC7304589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In early life and around weaning, pigs are at risk of developing infectious diseases which compromise animal welfare and have major economic consequences for the pig industry. A promising strategy to enhance resistance against infectious diseases is immunomodulation by feed additives. To assess the immune stimulating potential of feed additives in vitro, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were used. These cells play a central role in the innate and adaptive immune system and are the first cells encountered by antigens that pass the epithelial barrier. Two different feed additives were tested on dendritic cells cultured from fresh and cryopreserved bone marrow cells; a widely used commercial feed additive based on yeast-derived β-glucans and the gram-negative probiotic strain E. coli Nissle 1917. E. coli Nissle 1917, but not β-glucans, induced a dose-dependent upregulation of the cell maturation marker CD80/86, whereas both feed additives induced a dose-dependent production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10. Furthermore, E. coli Nissle 1917 consistently induced higher levels of cytokine production than β-glucans. These immunomodulatory responses could be assessed by fresh as well as cryopreserved in vitro cultured porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that both β-glucans and E. coli Nissle 1917 are able to enhance dendritic cell maturation, but in a differential manner. A more mature dendritic cell phenotype could contribute to a more efficient response to infections. Moreover, both fresh and cryopreserved bone marrow-derived dendritic cells can be used as in vitro pre-screening tools which enable an evidence based prediction of the potential immune stimulating effects of different feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle Geervliet
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura C. P. Lute
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Victor P. M. G. Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Tijhaar
- Cell Biology and Immunology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lim SM, Geervliet M, Verhagen JH, Müskens GJDM, Majoor FA, Osterhaus ADME, Martina BEE. Serologic evidence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus infections in Eurasian coots in the Netherlands. Zoonoses Public Health 2017; 65:96-102. [PMID: 28688117 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) are arboviruses that are maintained in enzootic transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds and are occasionally transmitted to mammals. As arboviruses are currently expanding their geographic range and emerging in often unpredictable locations, surveillance is considered an important element of preparedness. To determine whether sera collected from resident and migratory birds in the Netherlands as part of avian influenza surveillance would also represent an effective source for proactive arbovirus surveillance, a random selection of such sera was screened for WNV antibodies using a commercial ELISA. In addition, sera of jackdaws and carrion crows captured for previous experimental infection studies were added to the selection. Of the 265 screened serum samples, 27 were found to be WNV-antibody-positive, and subsequent cross-neutralization experiments using WNV and USUV confirmed that five serum samples were positive for only WNV-neutralizing antibodies and seven for only USUV. The positive birds consisted of four Eurasian coots (Fulica atra) and one carrion crow (Corvus corone) for WNV, of which the latter may suggest local presence of the virus, and only Eurasian coots for USUV. As a result, the screening of a small selection of serum samples originally collected for avian influenza surveillance demonstrated a seroprevalence of 1.6% for WNV and 2.8% for USUV, suggesting that this sustained infrastructure could serve as a useful source for future surveillance of arboviruses such as WNV and USUV in the Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Lim
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - M Geervliet
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands.,Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J H Verhagen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Ecology and Evolution for Microbial Model Systems Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - G J D M Müskens
- Wageningen Environmental Research (Alterra), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - F A Majoor
- Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A D M E Osterhaus
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - B E E Martina
- Artemis One Health Research Foundation, Delft, the Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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