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Guo Q, Su J, Liao Y, Yu Y, Luo L, Weng X, Zhang W, Hu Z, Wang H, Beattie GA, Ma J. An atypical 3-ketoacyl ACP synthase III required for acyl homoserine lactone synthesis in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0225623. [PMID: 38415624 PMCID: PMC10952384 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02256-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The last step of the initiation phase of fatty acid biosynthesis in most bacteria is catalyzed by the 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase III (FabH). Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a encodes two FabH homologs, Psyr_3467 and Psyr_3830, which we designated PssFabH1 and PssFabH2, respectively. Here, we explored the roles of these two 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KAS) III proteins. We found that PssFabH1 is similar to the Escherichia coli FabH in using acetyl-acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA ) as a substrate in vitro, whereas PssFabH2 uses acyl-CoAs (C4-C10) or acyl-ACPs (C6-C10). Mutant analysis showed that neither KAS III protein is essential for the de novo fatty acid synthesis and cell growth. Loss of PssFabH1 reduced the production of an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing signal, and this production was partially restored by overexpressing FabH homologs from other bacteria. AHL production was also restored by inhibiting fatty acid elongation and providing exogenous butyric acid. Deletion of PssFabH1 supports the redirection of acyl-ACP toward biosurfactant synthesis, which in turn enhances swarming motility. Our study revealed that PssFabH1 is an atypical KAS III protein that represents a new KAS III clade that functions in providing a critical fatty acid precursor, butyryl-ACP, for AHL synthesis.IMPORTANCEAcyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important quorum-sensing compounds in Gram-negative bacteria. Although their formation requires acylated acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), how the acylated intermediate is shunted from cellular fatty acid synthesis to AHL synthesis is not known. Here, we provide in vivo evidence that Pseudomonas syringae strain B728a uses the enzyme PssFabH1 to provide the critical fatty acid precursor butyryl-ACP for AHL synthesis. Loss of PssFabH1 reduces the diversion of butyryl-ACP to AHL, enabling the accumulation of acyl-ACP for synthesis of biosurfactants that contribute to bacterial swarming motility. We report that PssFabH1 and PssFabH2 each encode a 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) III in P. syringae B728a. Whereas PssFabH2 is able to function in redirecting intermediates from β-oxidation to fatty acid synthesis, PssFabH1 is an atypical KAS III protein that represents a new KAS III clade based on its sequence, non-involvement in cell growth, and novel role in AHL synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingtong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gwyn A. Beattie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jincheng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Chang H, Ji R, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Yan S, He D, Jia Q, Huang P, Cheng T, Wang R, Zhou Y. Target identification, and optimization of dioxygenated amide derivatives as potent antibacterial agents with FabH inhibitory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116064. [PMID: 38159483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The enzyme FabH plays a critical role in the initial step of fatty acid biosynthesis, which is vital for the survival of bacteria. As a result, FabH has emerged as an appealing target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. In this study, employing the chemical proteomics method, we validated the previously identified skeleton amide derivatives bearing dioxygenated rings, potentially formed through metabolic processes. Building upon the proteomics findings, we then synthesized and evaluated 32 compounds containing N-heterocyclic amides for their antimicrobial activity for future optimizing the deoxygenated amides. Several compounds demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties with low toxicity, particularly compound 25, which exhibited remarkable potential as an agent with an MIC range of 1.25-3.13 μg/mL against the tested bacterial strains and an IC50 of 2.0 μM against E. coli-derived FabH. Furthermore, we evaluated nine analogues with relatively low MIC values through cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity assessments, Lipinski's rule-of-five criteria, and in silico ADMET predictions to ascertain their druggability potential. Notably, a detailed docking simulation was performed to investigate the binding interactions of compound 25 within the binding pocket of E. coli FabH, which encouragingly revealed strong binding interactions. Based on our findings, compound 25 emerges as the optimal candidate for in vivo therapy aimed at treating infected skin defects. Remarkably, the application of compound 25 demonstrated a significant reduction in the duration of wound infection and notably accelerated the healing process of infected wounds, achieving an impressive 94 % healing rate by day 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyun Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China; Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Ruiying Ji
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Yapin Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Shaopeng Yan
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Dan He
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Qike Jia
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Tao Cheng
- Pharmaron (Ningbo) Technology Development Co. Ltd., Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315300, China.
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Hong Y, Qin J, Totsika M. A conditional nature for the synthetical lethality between defects in lipid and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2318882120. [PMID: 38109534 PMCID: PMC10756204 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318882120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Hong
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, QLD4006, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, QLD4006, Australia
| | - Jilong Qin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, QLD4006, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, QLD4006, Australia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre, Queensland University of Technology, QLD4006, Australia
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Hong Y, Hu D, Verderosa AD, Qin J, Totsika M, Reeves PR. Repeat-Unit Elongations To Produce Bacterial Complex Long Polysaccharide Chains, an O-Antigen Perspective. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00202022. [PMID: 36622162 PMCID: PMC10729934 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0020-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The O-antigen, a long polysaccharide that constitutes the distal part of the outer membrane-anchored lipopolysaccharide, is one of the critical components in the protective outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Most species produce one of the structurally diverse O-antigens, with nearly all the polysaccharide components having complex structures made by the Wzx/Wzy pathway. This pathway produces repeat-units of mostly 3-8 sugars on the cytosolic face of the cytoplasmic membrane that is translocated by Wzx flippase to the periplasmic face and polymerized by Wzy polymerase to give long-chain polysaccharides. The Wzy polymerase is a highly diverse integral membrane protein typically containing 10-14 transmembrane segments. Biochemical evidence confirmed that Wzy polymerase is the sole driver of polymerization, and recent progress also began to demystify its interacting partner, Wzz, shedding some light to speculate how the proteins may operate together during polysaccharide biogenesis. However, our knowledge of how the highly variable Wzy proteins work as part of the O-antigen processing machinery remains poor. Here, we discuss the progress to the current understanding of repeat-unit polymerization and propose an updated model to explain the formation of additional short chain O-antigen polymers found in the lipopolysaccharide of diverse Gram-negative species and their importance in the biosynthetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoqin Hong
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dalong Hu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony D. Verderosa
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jilong Qin
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter R. Reeves
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Akshay SD, Deekshit VK, Mohan Raj J, Maiti B. Outer Membrane Proteins and Efflux Pumps Mediated Multi-Drug Resistance in Salmonella: Rising Threat to Antimicrobial Therapy. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2072-2092. [PMID: 37910638 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite colossal achievements in antibiotic therapy in recent decades, drug-resistant pathogens have remained a leading cause of death and economic loss globally. One such WHO-critical group pathogen is Salmonella. The extensive and inappropriate treatments for Salmonella infections have led from multi-drug resistance (MDR) to extensive drug resistance (XDR). The synergy between efflux-mediated systems and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) may favor MDR in Salmonella. Differential expression of the efflux system and OMPs (influx) and positional mutations are the factors that can be correlated to the development of drug resistance. Insights into the mechanism of influx and efflux of antibiotics can aid in developing a structurally stable molecule that can be proficient at escaping from the resistance loops in Salmonella. Understanding the strategic responsibilities and developing policies to address the surge of drug resistance at the national, regional, and global levels are the needs of the hour. In this Review, we attempt to aggregate all the available research findings and delineate the resistance mechanisms by dissecting the involvement of OMPs and efflux systems. Integrating major OMPs and the efflux system's differential expression and positional mutation in Salmonella may provide insight into developing strategic therapies for one health application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Dangari Akshay
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, India
| | - Juliet Mohan Raj
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore-575018, India
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Kasmawati H, Ruslin R, Arfan A, Sida NA, Saputra DI, Halimah E, Mustarichie R. Antibacterial Potency of an Active Compound from Sansevieria trifasciata Prain: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6096. [PMID: 37630348 PMCID: PMC10457997 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sansevieria trifasciata Prain holds great potential as a valuable asset in pharmaceutical development. In this study, our focus is to explore and assess the antibacterial activity of various components derived from this plant, including extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates, explicitly targeting two common bacteria: Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus. The isolated compound, identified as a derivative pyridone alkaloid (5-methyl-11-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)undecaneperoxoicacid), demonstrates notable antibacterial effects. The extracts, fractions, subfractions, and isolates reveal significant bacterial growth reductions (p < 0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for Escherichia coli were 1.95 ppm, 3.9 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively, while the MIC values for Streptococcus aureus were 1.95 ppm, 1.95 ppm, 15.62 ppm, and 7.81 ppm, respectively. Computational analysis showed the isolates' interaction with key residues on the active site of β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase from Escherichia coli and TyrRS from Streptococcus aureus. The findings indicate that the isolates exhibit a strong affinity for specific residues, including His333, Cys163, and Phe392 in β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase, as well as Arg88, His117, Glu160, and Gln213 in TyrRS. Comparative energy calculations using MMPBSA demonstrate the isolates' favorable binding energy (-104,101 kJ/mol for β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase and -81,060 kJ/mol for TyrRS) compared to ciprofloxacin. The elucidated antibacterial activity and molecular interactions of the isolates present valuable knowledge for future in vitro studies, facilitating the development of novel antibacterial agents targeting diverse bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henny Kasmawati
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Ruslin Ruslin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Arfan Arfan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Nurramadhani A. Sida
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Dimas Isnu Saputra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari 93232, Indonesia; (R.R.); (A.A.); (N.A.S.); (D.I.S.)
| | - Eli Halimah
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Resmi Mustarichie
- Department of Analytical Pharmacy and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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