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Jankowski G, Sawicki R, Truszkiewicz W, Wolan N, Ziomek M, Hryć B, Sieniawska E. Molecular insight into thymoquinone mechanism of action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353875. [PMID: 38414774 PMCID: PMC10896893 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural products are promising antimicrobials, usually having multiple and different cellular targets than synthetic antibiotics. Their influence on bacteria at various metabolic and functional levels contributes to higher efficacy even against drug-resistant strains. One such compound is a naturally occurring p-benzoquinone - thymoquinone. It is effective against different bacteria, including multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its antibacterial mechanism of action was studied in several bacterial species except mycobacteria. To get an insight into the antimycobacterial activity of thymoquinone at the molecular level, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyzes of bacteria exposed to this compound. The expression of genes coding stress-responsive sigma factors revealed that thymoquinone rapidly induces the production of sigE transcripts. At the same time, prolonged influence results in the overexpression of all sigma factor genes and significantly upregulates sigF. The metabolomic analysis confirmed that the antimycobacterial activity of thymoquinone was related to the depletion of NAD and ATP pools and the downregulation of plasma membrane lipids. This state was observed after 24 h and was persistent the next day, suggesting that bacteria could not activate catabolic mechanisms and produce energy. Additionally, the presence of a thymoquinone nitrogen derivative in the bacterial broth and the culture was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Jankowski
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Truszkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Natalia Wolan
- Student Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziomek
- Student Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Benita Hryć
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Sawicki R, Widelski J, Truszkiewicz W, Kawka S, Kai G, Sieniawska E. Sulphides from garlic essential oil dose-dependently change the distribution of glycerophospholipids and induce N6-tuberculosinyladenosine formation in mycobacterial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20351. [PMID: 37990133 PMCID: PMC10663513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial properties of garlic are widely known, and numerous studies confirmed its ability to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this work, we explored the molecular mechanism of action of sulphides present in garlic essential oil against mycobacteria. The targeted transcriptomics and untargeted LC-MS metabolomics were applied to study dose- and time-dependent metabolic changes in bacterial cells under the influence of stressing agent. Expression profiles of genes coding stress-responsive sigma factors regulatory network and metabolic observations proved that sulphides from garlic essential oil are an efficient and specific agent affecting glycerophospholipids levels and their distribution within the cell envelope. Additionally, sulphides induced the Dimroth rearrangement of 1-Tuberculosinyladenosine to N6-tuberculosinyladenosine in mycobacterial cells as a possible neutralization mechanism protecting the cell from a basic nucleophilic environment. Sulphides affected cell envelope lipids and formation of N6-tuberculosinyladenosine in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Truszkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kawka
- Medicofarma Biotech S.A., Zamenhofa 29, 20-453, Lublin, Poland
| | - Guoyin Kai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
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Zhang H, Li X, Liu X, Ji X, Ma X, Chen J, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Yang L, Wei X. The usnic acid derivative peziculone targets cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria revealed by high-throughput CRISPRi-seq analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106876. [PMID: 37276892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Usnic acid, a representative dibenzofuran metabolite, is known to have antimicrobial properties. However, despite considerable interest as an antimicrobial agent, the mechanism by which usnic acid and its derivatives exert their action is not fully characterized. This article describes the synthesis of peziculone, a 5:1 equilibrium mixture of two inseparable usnic acid derivatives: peziculone A and peziculone B. The antibacterial activity of peziculone against several Gram-positive bacterial pathogens was found to be significantly better compared with usnic acid. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference sequencing analysis and membrane fluorescent staining were used to demonstrate that peziculone destabilizes the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, peziculone 2.5 and 3.5 µg/mL impaired cell surface appendages and biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus. Taken together, these data demonstrate that peziculone, a derivative compound of usnic acid, has significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria by targeting the cell walls; this provides a platform for development of novel antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, People's Republic of China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Base for International Science and Technology Cooperation: Carson Cancer Stem Cell Vaccines R&D Centre, International Cancer Centre, Shenzhen University Health Science Centre, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Ma
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingdan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangxiong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Public Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Nicoleti JL, Braga ES, Stanisic D, Jadranin M, Façanha DAE, Barral TD, Hanna SA, Azevedo V, Meyer R, Tasic L, Portela RW. A serum NMR metabolomic analysis of the Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0. [PMID: 37219572 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), an infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in small ruminants, is highly prevalent worldwide. Economic losses have already been associated with the disease, and little is known about the host-pathogen relationship associated with the disease. The present study aimed to perform a metabolomic study of the C. pseudotuberculosis infection in goats. Serum samples were collected from a herd of 173 goats. The animals were classified as controls (not infected), asymptomatic (seropositives but without detectable CLA clinical signs), and symptomatic (seropositive animals presenting CLA lesions), according to microbiological isolation and immunodiagnosis. The serum samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY), and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequences. The NMR data were analyzed using chemometrics, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed to discover specific biomarkers responsible for discrimination between the groups. A high dissemination of the infection by C. pseudotuberculosis was observed, being 74.57% asymptomatic and 11.56% symptomatic. In the evaluation of 62 serum samples by NMR, the techniques were satisfactory in the discrimination of the groups, being also complementary and mutually confirming, demonstrating possible biomarkers for the infection by the bacterium. Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG, such as tryptophan, polyunsaturated fatty acids, formic acid, NAD+, and 3-hydroxybutyrate, opening promising possibilities for the use of these results in new therapeutic, immunodiagnosis, and immunoprophylactic tools, as well as for studies of the immune response against C. pseudotuberculosis. KEY POINTS: • Sixty-two samples from healthy, CLA asymptomatic, and symptomatic goats were screened • Twenty metabolites of interest were identified by NOESY and 29 by CPMG • 1H-NMR NOESY and CPMG were complementary and mutually confirming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luis Nicoleti
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Erik Sobrinho Braga
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Danijela Stanisic
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Milka Jadranin
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Débora Andréa Evangelista Façanha
- Institute of Rural Development, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, Ceará State, 62790-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago Doria Barral
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Samira Abdallah Hanna
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo State, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner Portela
- Laboratório de Imunologia E Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia State, 40231-300, Brazil.
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Controlling of Mycobacterium by Natural Degradant-Combination Models for Sequestering Mycolic Acids in Karish Cheese. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248946. [PMID: 36558074 PMCID: PMC9787636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the mycobacterial complex containing mycolic acids (MAs) by natural bioactive compounds is essential for producing safe and value-added foods with therapeutic activities. This study aimed to determine the degradation efficiency of natural organic acid extracts (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), quadri-mix extract from fruits and probiotics (i.e., lemon, apple, grape, and cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus), and synthetic pure organic acids (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), against MA in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and Karish cheese models. The degradation effect was evaluated both individually and in combinations at different concentrations of degradants (1, 1.5, and 2%) and at various time intervals (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The results show that MA degradation percentage recorded its highest value at 2% of mixed fruit extract quadri-mix with L. acidophilus and reached 99.2% after 48 h both in PBS and Karish cheese, unlike other treatments (i.e., citric + malic + tartaric + lactic), individual acids, and sole extracts at all concentrations. Conversely, organic acid quadri-mix revealed the greatest MA degradation% of 95.9, 96.8, and 97.3% at 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively, after 48 h. Citric acid was more effective in MA degradation than other acids. The fruit extract quadri-mix combined with L. acidophilus-fortified Karish cheese showed the highest sensorial characteristics; hence, it can be considered a novel food-grade degradant for MA and could be a promising biocontrol candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in food matrices.
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Sawicki R, Widelski J, Okińczyc P, Truszkiewicz W, Glous J, Sieniawska E. Exposure to Nepalese Propolis Alters the Metabolic State of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929476. [PMID: 35814697 PMCID: PMC9260414 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product proved to be efficient against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although it is produced by bees, its active alcoholic-aqueous fraction contains plant-derived molecules. To gain some insight into its mechanism of antimycobacterial activity, we studied the metabolic changes in bacterial cells treated with extract of Trigona sp. propolis from Nepal. The detailed metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis performed in this study indicated target points in bacterial cells under propolis extract influence. The profile of lipids forming the outer and middle layer of the mycobacterial cell envelope was not changed by propolis treatment, however, fluctuations in the profiles of amphipathic glycerophospholipids were observed. The enrichment analysis revealed bacterial metabolic pathways affected by Trigona sp. propolis treatment. The early metabolic response involved much more pathways than observed after 48 h of incubation, however, the highest enrichment ratio was observed after 48 h, indicating the long-lasting influence of propolis. The early bacterial response was related to the increased demand for energy and upregulation of molecules involved in the formation of the cell membrane. The transcriptomic analysis confirmed that bacteria also suffered from oxidative stress, which was more pronounced on the second day of exposure. This was the first attempt to explain the action of Nepalese propolis extract against mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Sawicki
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Widelski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Okińczyc
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wiesław Truszkiewicz
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Glous
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- *Correspondence: Elwira Sieniawska
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Sieniawska E, Sawicki R, Marchev AS, Truszkiewicz W, Georgiev MI. Tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis via disruption of the cell envelope surface and oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112405. [PMID: 34273428 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The unique structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope provides impermeable barrier against environmental stimuli. In the situation that this barrier is disturbed Mycobacteria react at the transcriptional and translational level to redirect metabolic processes and to maintain integrity of the cell. In this work we aimed to explore the early metabolic response of M. tuberculosis to tanshinones, which are active antimycobacterial compounds of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge root. The investigation of the expression of sigma factors revealed the significant shifts in the general bacterial regulatory network, whereas LC-MS metabolomics evidenced the changes in the composition of bacterial cell envelope and indicated altered metabolic pathways. Tanshinones acted via the disruption of the cell envelope surface and generation of reactive oxygen species. Bacteria responded with overproduction of inner region of outer membrane, fluctuations in the production of glycerophosphoinositolglycans, as well as changes in the levels of mycobactins, accompanied by enrichment of metabolic pathways related to redox balance and repair of damages caused by tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Rafal Sawicki
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Wieslaw Truszkiewicz
- Medical University of Lublin, Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Metabolomics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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