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Rodríguez-Barreto D, Sanz-González JC, Martín MV, Arrieta JM, Almansa E. Sex-specific bacterial microbiome variation in octopus vulgaris skin. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1233661. [PMID: 38318128 PMCID: PMC10842966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing knowledge of the host-microbiota of vertebrates has shown the prevalence of sex-specific differences in the microbiome. However, there are virtually no studies assessing sex-associated variation in the microbiome of cephalopods. Here we assess sex-specific variation in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) skin microbiome using amplicon sequencing targeting the V4 hypervariable region of prokaryote 16S rRNA genes. Skin and mantle-associated mucus was collected from wild adult individuals of common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (9 males and 7 females of similar size). There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity of microbial communities associated with skin or mantle mucosa between sexes. However, our results clearly indicate that adult octopus males and females have a distinct microbial community composition in both skin and mantle associated mucus communities, with female microbiome being dominated by Firmicutes (48.1%), while that of males contained a majority of Proteobacteria (60.5%), with Firmicutes representing only 3.30%, not finding significant differentiation in the microbial communities between the tissues explored. The dominance of different taxa in the skin of O. vulgaris females and males (e.g., Mycoplasmatales and Lactococcus in females and Rhizobiales and Rhodobacteriales in males) suggests a sex-specific symbiosis in which those microbes benefit from easy access to distinct substrates present in female and male skin, respectively. Given the lack of differences in size between specimens of both sexes in this study, we hypothesize differences in hormone profile, as well as behavioral or ecological differences between sexes in the wild, as the main drivers of microbiome differentiation between sexes. Most knowledge of cephalopod microbiota is limited to the digestive tract and the reproductive system. However, cephalopod skin is an organ with a plethora of functions. This is a first attempt to characterize cephalopod skin microbiota and determine sex influence on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiene Rodríguez-Barreto
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz-González
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Virginia Martín
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Arrieta
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Baden T, Briseño J, Coffing G, Cohen-Bodénès S, Courtney A, Dickerson D, Dölen G, Fiorito G, Gestal C, Gustafson T, Heath-Heckman E, Hua Q, Imperadore P, Kimbara R, Król M, Lajbner Z, Lichilín N, Macchi F, McCoy MJ, Nishiguchi MK, Nyholm SV, Otjacques E, Pérez-Ferrer PA, Ponte G, Pungor JR, Rogers TF, Rosenthal JJC, Rouressol L, Rubas N, Sanchez G, Santos CP, Schultz DT, Seuntjens E, Songco-Casey JO, Stewart IE, Styfhals R, Tuanapaya S, Vijayan N, Weissenbacher A, Zifcakova L, Schulz G, Weertman W, Simakov O, Albertin CB. Cephalopod-omics: Emerging Fields and Technologies in Cephalopod Biology. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1226-1239. [PMID: 37370232 PMCID: PMC10755191 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Few animal groups can claim the level of wonder that cephalopods instill in the minds of researchers and the general public. Much of cephalopod biology, however, remains unexplored: the largest invertebrate brain, difficult husbandry conditions, and complex (meta-)genomes, among many other things, have hindered progress in addressing key questions. However, recent technological advancements in sequencing, imaging, and genetic manipulation have opened new avenues for exploring the biology of these extraordinary animals. The cephalopod molecular biology community is thus experiencing a large influx of researchers, emerging from different fields, accelerating the pace of research in this clade. In the first post-pandemic event at the Cephalopod International Advisory Council (CIAC) conference in April 2022, over 40 participants from all over the world met and discussed key challenges and perspectives for current cephalopod molecular biology and evolution. Our particular focus was on the fields of comparative and regulatory genomics, gene manipulation, single-cell transcriptomics, metagenomics, and microbial interactions. This article is a result of this joint effort, summarizing the latest insights from these emerging fields, their bottlenecks, and potential solutions. The article highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the cephalopod-omics community and provides an emphasis on continuous consolidation of efforts and collaboration in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Baden
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - John Briseño
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Gabrielle Coffing
- Biology Department: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
| | - Sophie Cohen-Bodénès
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Amy Courtney
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Dominick Dickerson
- Friday Harbor Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98250, USA
| | - Gül Dölen
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Graziano Fiorito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Camino Gestal
- Laboratory of Marine Molecular Pathobiology, Institute of Marine Research (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Vigo 36208, Spain
| | | | - Elizabeth Heath-Heckman
- Departments of Integrative Biology and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Qiaz Hua
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Pamela Imperadore
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ryosuke Kimbara
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Miura, Kanagawa 238-0225, Japan
| | - Mirela Król
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań 61-712, Poland
| | - Zdeněk Lajbner
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nicolás Lichilín
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew J McCoy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michele K Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Blvd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Spencer V Nyholm
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eve Otjacques
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
- Division of Biosphere Sciences and Engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Pedro Antonio Pérez-Ferrer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Blvd., Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Giovanna Ponte
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Judit R Pungor
- Biology Department: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
| | - Thea F Rogers
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Joshua J C Rosenthal
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA
| | - Lisa Rouressol
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Noelle Rubas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Gustavo Sanchez
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Catarina Pereira Santos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET—Aquatic Research Network, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374 Cascais, Portugal
| | - Darrin T Schultz
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jeremea O Songco-Casey
- Biology Department: Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5289, USA
| | - Ian Erik Stewart
- Neural Circuits and Behaviour Lab, Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Ruth Styfhals
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Surangkana Tuanapaya
- Laboratory of genetics and applied breeding of molluscs, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Nidhi Vijayan
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | | | - Lucia Zifcakova
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Kunigami District, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | | | - Willem Weertman
- Friday Harbor Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98250, USA
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1010, Austria
| | - Caroline B Albertin
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA
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Gentès S, Minet A, Lopes C, Tessier E, Gassie C, Guyoneaud R, Swarzenski PW, Bustamante P, Metian M, Amouroux D, Lacoue-Labarthe T. In Vivo Mercury (De)Methylation Metabolism in Cephalopods under Different pCO 2 Scenarios. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:5761-5770. [PMID: 36976251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work quantified the accumulation efficiencies of Hg in cuttlefish, depending on both organic (MeHg) and inorganic (Hg(II)) forms, under increased pCO2 (1600 μatm). Cuttlefish were fed with live shrimps injected with two Hg stable isotopic tracers (Me202Hg and 199Hg(II)), which allowed for the simultaneous quantification of internal Hg accumulation, Hg(II) methylation, and MeHg demethylation rates in different organs. Results showed that pCO2 had no impact on Hg bioaccumulation and organotropism, and both Hg and pCO2 did not influence the microbiota diversity of gut and digestive gland. However, the results also demonstrated that the digestive gland is a key organ for in vivo MeHg demethylation. Consequently, cuttlefish exposed to environmental levels of MeHg could exhibit in vivo MeHg demethylation. We hypothesize that in vivo MeHg demethylation could be due to biologically induced reactions or to abiotic reactions. This has important implications as to how some marine organisms may respond to future ocean change and global mercury contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gentès
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Antoine Minet
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Christelle Lopes
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuel Tessier
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Claire Gassie
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Rémy Guyoneaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Peter W Swarzenski
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - Paco Bustamante
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Metian
- Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Marine Environment Laboratories, Monaco 98000, Monaco
| | - David Amouroux
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR, 5254 Pau, France
| | - Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe
- LIENSs, UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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Lozano-Muñoz I, Wacyk J, Kretschmer C, Vásquez-Martínez Y, Martin MCS. Antimicrobial resistance in Chilean marine-farmed salmon: Improving food safety through One Health. One Health 2021; 12:100219. [PMID: 33553565 PMCID: PMC7856317 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is seen as an essential requirement for improving food security and nutrition. Fish such as salmonids are a primary source of protein and essential nutrients. Aquaculture provide income for communities across the world and have a smaller carbon footprint than terrestrial animal-production systems. However, fish diseases are a constant threat, and the use of antibiotics is a source of concern due to its adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Chilean salmon farming has made several efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics for the eradication of piscirickettsiosis, a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria Piscirickettsia salmonis. Excessive amounts of antibiotics continue to be used in Chilean aquaculture, playing an important role in the emerging public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance. Without doubt, P. salmonis is becoming increasingly resistant to important frontline antimicrobial classes, with severe implications for the future treatment of infectious human and animal diseases. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria as well as antibiotic residues from salmon production are spreading in the environment, and thus both salmon food commodities and wild organisms can become a source of resistant bacteria that can be transmitted to humans as foodborne contaminants. This urgent threat needs to be addressed by implementing national strategies in compliance with international standards that include both prudent antimicrobial use in marine salmon farms and the investment towards a One Health approach, which combines human, animal and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Lozano-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 8820808, Chile
| | - Jurij Wacyk
- Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 8820808, Chile
| | - Cristina Kretschmer
- Laboratorio de Nutrición, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santa Rosa 11315, La Pintana, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 8820808, Chile
| | - Yesseny Vásquez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Control de Patógenos, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’higgins 3363, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 9170022, Chile
- Programa Centro de Investigación Biomédica Aplicada, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 9170022, Chile
| | - Marcelo Cortez-San Martin
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Control de Patógenos, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’higgins 3363, Santiago, Región Metropolitana CP 9170022, Chile
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Motta JP, Wallace JL, Buret AG, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Gastrointestinal biofilms in health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:314-334. [PMID: 33510461 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-020-00397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Chalifour B, Li J. A Review of the Molluscan Microbiome: Ecology, Methodology and Future. MALACOLOGIA 2021. [DOI: 10.4002/040.063.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Chalifour
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 334 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, U.S.A
| | - Jingchun Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, 334 UCB, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, U.S.A
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McFall-Ngai M, Bosch TCG. Animal development in the microbial world: The power of experimental model systems. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 141:371-397. [PMID: 33602493 PMCID: PMC8211120 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of powerful model systems has been a critical strategy for understanding the mechanisms underlying the progression of an animal through its ontogeny. Here we provide two examples that allow deep and mechanistic insight into the development of specific animal systems. Species of the cnidarian genus Hydra have provided excellent models for studying host-microbe interactions and how metaorganisms function in vivo. Studies of the Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes and its luminous bacterial partner Vibrio fischeri have been used for over 30 years to understand the impact of a broad array of levels, from ecology to genomics, on the development and persistence of symbiosis. These examples provide an integrated perspective of how developmental processes work and evolve within the context of a microbial world, a new view that opens vast horizons for developmental biology research. The Hydra and the squid systems also lend an example of how profound insights can be discovered by taking advantage of the "experiments" that evolution had done in shaping conserved developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States.
| | - Thomas C G Bosch
- Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Oliveira AR, Sardinha-Silva A, Andrews PLR, Green D, Cooke GM, Hall S, Blackburn K, Sykes AV. Microplastics presence in cultured and wild-caught cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111553. [PMID: 32810671 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amongst cephalopods microplastics have been reported only in jumbo squid gut. We investigated microplastics in the digestive system of wild cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as they are predators and prey and compared the stomach, caecum/intestine and digestive gland (DG) of wild and cultured animals, exposed to seawater from a comparable source. Fibers were the most common type (≈90% of total count) but were ≈2× higher in relation to body weight in wild vs. cultured animals. Fibers were transported to the DG where the count was ≈2× higher /g in wild (median 1.85 fibers/g) vs. cultured. In wild-caught animals the DG was the predominant location but in cultured animals the fibers were more evenly distributed in the digestive tract. The potential impact of microplastics on health of cuttlefish is discussed. Cuttlefish represent a previously unrecognized source of microplastic trophic transfer to fish and finding fibers in cultured animals has implications for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Oliveira
- CCMAR - Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Sardinha-Silva
- CCMAR - Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dannielle Green
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gavan M Cooke
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hall
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Blackburn
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - António V Sykes
- CCMAR - Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Abstract
This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of bacterial symbionts from multiple anatomical sites across a broad taxonomic range of Afrotropical bats, demonstrating significant associations between the bat microbiome and anatomical site, geographic locality, and host identity—but not evolutionary history. This study provides a framework for future systems biology approaches to examine host-symbiont relationships across broad taxonomic scales, emphasizing the need to elucidate the interplay between host ecology and evolutionary history in shaping the microbiome of different anatomical sites. Recent studies of mammalian microbiomes have identified strong phylogenetic effects on bacterial community composition. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) are among the most speciose mammals on the planet and the only mammal capable of true flight. We examined 1,236 16S rRNA amplicon libraries of the gut, oral, and skin microbiota from 497 Afrotropical bats (representing 9 families, 20 genera, and 31 species) to assess the extent to which host ecology and phylogeny predict microbial community similarity in bats. In contrast to recent studies of host-microbe associations in other mammals, we found no correlation between chiropteran phylogeny and bacterial community dissimilarity across the three anatomical sites sampled. For all anatomical sites, we found host species identity and geographic locality to be strong predictors of microbial community composition and observed a positive correlation between elevation and bacterial richness. Last, we identified significantly different bacterial associations within the gut microbiota of insectivorous and frugivorous bats. We conclude that the gut, oral, and skin microbiota of bats are shaped predominantly by ecological factors and do not exhibit the same degree of phylosymbiosis observed in other mammals. IMPORTANCE This study is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of bacterial symbionts from multiple anatomical sites across a broad taxonomic range of Afrotropical bats, demonstrating significant associations between the bat microbiome and anatomical site, geographic locality, and host identity—but not evolutionary history. This study provides a framework for future systems biology approaches to examine host-symbiont relationships across broad taxonomic scales, emphasizing the need to elucidate the interplay between host ecology and evolutionary history in shaping the microbiome of different anatomical sites.
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10
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Koch EJ, McFall-Ngai M. Model systems for the study of how symbiotic associations between animals and extracellular bacterial partners are established and maintained. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. DISEASE MODELS 2019; 28:3-12. [PMID: 32855643 PMCID: PMC7449258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmod.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This contribution describes the current state of experimental model development and use as a strategy for gaining insight into the form and function of certain types of host-microbe associations. Development of quality models for the study of symbiotic systems will be critical not only to facilitate an understanding of mechanisms underlying symbiosis, but also for providing insights into how drug development can promote healthy animal-microbe interactions as well as the treatment of pathogenic infections. Because of the growing awareness over the last decade of the importance of symbiosis in biology, a number of model systems has emerged to examine how these partnerships are maintained within and across generations of the host. The focus here will be upon host-bacterial symbiotic systems that, as in humans, (i) are acquired from the environment each generation, or horizontally transmitted, and (ii) are defined by interactions at the interface of their cellular boundaries, i.e., extracellular symbiotic associations. As with the use of models in other fields of biology where complexity is daunting (e.g., developmental biology or brain circuitry), each model has its strengths and weaknesses, i.e., no one model system will provide easy access to all the questions defining what is conserved in cell-cell interactions in symbiosis and what creates diversity within such partnerships. Rather, as discussed here, the more models explored, the richer our understanding of these associations is likely to be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Koch
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
| | - Margaret McFall-Ngai
- Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, 41 Ahui Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 USA
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