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Le Cosquer G, Vergnolle N, Motta JP. Gut microb-aging and its relevance to frailty aging. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105309. [PMID: 38316374 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores 'microb-aging' in the gut and its potential link to frailty aging. We explore this connection through alterations in microbiota's taxonomy and metabolism, as well as with concepts of ecological resilience, pathobionts emergence, and biogeography. We examine microb-aging in interconnected body organs, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship with 'inflammaging'. Finally, we discuss how targeting microb-aging could improve screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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2
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Mas-Orea X, Rey L, Battut L, Bories C, Petitfils C, Abot A, Gheziel N, Wemelle E, Blanpied C, Motta JP, Knauf C, Barreau F, Espinosa E, Aloulou M, Cenac N, Serino M, Mouledous L, Fazilleau N, Dietrich G. Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1168. [PMID: 37968381 PMCID: PMC10652007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid-dependent immune-mediated analgesic effects have been broadly reported upon inflammation. In preclinical mouse models of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the local release of enkephalins (endogenous opioids) by colitogenic T lymphocytes alleviate inflammation-induced pain by down-modulating gut-innervating nociceptor activation in periphery. In this study, we wondered whether this immune cell-derived enkephalin-mediated regulation of the nociceptor activity also operates under steady state conditions. Here, we show that chimeric mice engrafted with enkephalin-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit not only visceral hypersensitivity but also an increase in both epithelial paracellular and transcellular permeability, an alteration of the microbial topography resulting in increased bacteria-epithelium interactions and a higher frequency of IgA-producing plasma cells in Peyer's patches. All these alterations of the intestinal homeostasis are associated with an anxiety-like behavior despite the absence of an overt inflammation as observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Thus, our results show that immune cell-derived enkephalins play a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis and normal behavior in mice. Because a defect in the mucosal opioid system remarkably mimics some major clinical symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome, its identification might help to stratify subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mas-Orea
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lea Rey
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Battut
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Abot
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Enterosys SAS, Labège, France
| | - Nadine Gheziel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Wemelle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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3
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Petitfils C, Maurel S, Payros G, Hueber A, Agaiz B, Gazzo G, Marrocco R, Auvray F, Langevin G, Motta JP, Floch P, Tremblay-Franco M, Galano JM, Guy A, Durand T, Lachambre S, Durbec A, Hussein H, Decraecker L, Bertrand-Michel J, Saoudi A, Oswald E, Poisbeau P, Dietrich G, Melchior C, Boeckxstaens G, Serino M, Le Faouder P, Cenac N. Identification of bacterial lipopeptides as key players in IBS. Gut 2022; 72:939-950. [PMID: 36241390 PMCID: PMC10086498 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical studies revealed that early-life adverse events contribute to the development of IBS in adulthood. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between prenatal stress (PS), gut microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity with a focus on bacterial lipopeptides containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). DESIGN We developed a model of PS in mice and evaluated, in adult offspring, visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD), colon inflammation, barrier function and gut microbiota taxonomy. We quantified the production of lipopeptides containing GABA by mass spectrometry in a specific strain of bacteria decreased in PS, in PS mouse colons, and in faeces of patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HVs). Finally, we assessed their effect on PS-induced visceral hypersensitivity. RESULTS Prenatally stressed mice of both sexes presented visceral hypersensitivity, no overt colon inflammation or barrier dysfunction but a gut microbiota dysbiosis. The dysbiosis was distinguished by a decreased abundance of Ligilactobacillus murinus, in both sexes, inversely correlated with visceral hypersensitivity to CRD in mice. An isolate from this bacterial species produced several lipopeptides containing GABA including C14AsnGABA. Interestingly, intracolonic treatment with C14AsnGABA decreased the visceral sensitivity of PS mice to CRD. The concentration of C16LeuGABA, a lipopeptide which inhibited sensory neurons activation, was decreased in faeces of patients with IBS compared with HVs. CONCLUSION PS impacts the gut microbiota composition and metabolic function in adulthood. The reduced capacity of the gut microbiota to produce GABA lipopeptides could be one of the mechanisms linking PS and visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Maurel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaelle Payros
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Amandine Hueber
- Lipidomic, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Bahija Agaiz
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Géraldine Gazzo
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Integrative (INCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rémi Marrocco
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Auvray
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geoffrey Langevin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Floch
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de bactériologie-hygiène, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Metatoul-AXIOM Platform, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Lachambre
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anaëlle Durbec
- Lipidomic, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Hind Hussein
- Laboratory of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisse Decraecker
- Laboratory of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Lipidomic, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- INFINITY, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service de bactériologie-hygiène, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierrick Poisbeau
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaire et Integrative (INCI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chloe Melchior
- Gastroenterology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, INSERM CIC-CRB 1404, INSERM UMR 1073, Normandy University, Rouen, France.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guy Boeckxstaens
- Laboratory of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matteo Serino
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Le Faouder
- Lipidomic, MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France.,I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse-Paul Sabatier, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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4
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Motta JP, Hakansson AP, Lee SA. Editorial: Microbial biofilms interacting with host mucosal surfaces. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1049347. [PMID: 36275036 PMCID: PMC9585300 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1049347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Paul Motta,
| | - Anders P. Hakansson
- Division of Experimental Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Samuel A. Lee
- White River Junction Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, United States
- Section of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
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5
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Abstract
Significance: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an important regulator of physiology and health, helps resolve inflammation and promotes tissue repair in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent Advances: Gut microbiota live as a multispecies biofilm in close interaction with the upper mucus layer lining the epithelium. The relative abundance, spatial organization, and function of these microorganisms affect a broad range of health outcomes. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of our understanding of the cross talk between H2S, the gut microbiota, and health. H2S can have toxic or therapeutic effects, depending on its concentration and source. When produced at excessive concentrations by local microbiota, H2S may cause mucus disruption and inflammation and contribute to development of cancer. In contrast, low levels of endogenous or exogenous H2S directly stabilize mucus layers, prevent fragmentation and adherence of the microbiota biofilm to the epithelium, inhibit the release of invasive pathobionts, and help resolve inflammation and tissue injury. Although scarce, research findings suggest that dietary H2S obtained from plants or ingestion of the H2S precursor, L-cysteine, may also modulate the abundance and function of microbiota. Critical Issues: A critical issue is the lack of understanding of the metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic alterations that characterize the interactions between H2S and gut microbiota to shape health outcomes. Future Directions: The ambivalent roles of H2S in the gut offer a fertile ground for research on such critical issues. The findings will improve our understanding of how H2S modulates the microbiota to affect body function and will help identify novel therapeutic strategies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 211-219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Buret
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Inflammation Research Network, Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics, Inc., Toronto, Canada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Inflammation Research Network, Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - John L Wallace
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Inflammation Research Network, Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics, Inc., Toronto, Canada
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Motta JP, Deraison C, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Vergnolle N. PAR-1 Antagonism to Promote Gut Mucosa Healing in Crohn's Disease Patients: A New Avenue for CVT120165. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S33-S37. [PMID: 34791291 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm has been added for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to resolving symptoms and inflammatory cell activation, the objective of tissue repair and mucosal healing is also now considered a primary goal. In the search of mediators that would be responsible for delayed mucosal healing, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) has emerged as a most interesting target. Indeed, in Crohn's disease, the endogenous PAR-1 agonist thrombin is drastically activated. Activation of PAR-1 is known to be associated with epithelial dysfunctions that hamper mucosal homeostasis. This review gathers the scientific evidences of a potential role for PAR-1 in mucosal damage and mucosal dysfunctions associated with chronic intestinal inflammation. The potential clinical benefits of PAR-1 antagonism to promote mucosal repair in CD patients are discussed. Targeted local delivery of a PAR-1 antagonist molecule such as CVT120165, a formulated version of the FDA-approved PAR-1 antagonist vorapaxar, at the mucosa of Crohn's disease patients could be proposed as a new indication for IBD that could be rapidly tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Celine Deraison
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan, CS60039, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Abstract
Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human tissue surfaces. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a profusion of microorganisms with intertwined, but not identical, lifestyles: as isolated planktonic cells, as biofilms and in biofilm-dispersed form. It is therefore of major importance in understanding homeostatic and altered host-microorganism interactions to consider not only the planktonic lifestyle, but also biofilms and biofilm-dispersed forms. In this Review, we discuss the natural organization of microorganisms at gastrointestinal surfaces, stratification of microbiota taxonomy, biogeographical localization and trans-kingdom interactions occurring within the biofilm habitat. We also discuss existing models used to study biofilms. We assess the contribution of the host-mucosa biofilm relationship to gut homeostasis and to diseases. In addition, we describe how host factors can shape the organization, structure and composition of mucosal biofilms, and how biofilms themselves are implicated in a variety of homeostatic and pathological processes in the gut. Future studies characterizing biofilm nature, physical properties, composition and intrinsic communication could shed new light on gut physiology and lead to potential novel therapeutic options for gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France.
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Antibe Therapeutics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - André G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, INSERM U1220, Toulouse, France. .,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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8
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Chagneau CV, Massip C, Bossuet-Greif N, Fremez C, Motta JP, Shima A, Besson C, Le Faouder P, Cénac N, Roth MP, Coppin H, Fontanié M, Martin P, Nougayrède JP, Oswald E. Uropathogenic E. coli induces DNA damage in the bladder. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009310. [PMID: 33630958 PMCID: PMC7906301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of around 60% in women. We analysed urine samples from 223 patients with community-acquired UTIs and report the presence of the cleavage product released during the synthesis of colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin, in 55 of the samples examined. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from these patients, as well as the archetypal E. coli strain UTI89, were found to produce colibactin. In a murine model of UTI, the machinery producing colibactin was expressed during the early hours of the infection, when intracellular bacterial communities form. We observed extensive DNA damage both in umbrella and bladder progenitor cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of colibactin production in UTIs in humans and its genotoxicity in bladder cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clémence Massip
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ayaka Shima
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Besson
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Cénac
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Paule Roth
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Coppin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Patricia Martin
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- VibioSphen, Prologue Biotech, Labège, France
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Toulouse, France
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9
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Motta JP, Rolland C, Edir A, Florence AC, Sagnat D, Bonnart C, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Quaranta-Nicaise M, Mas E, Bonnet D, Verdu EF, McKay DM, Buscail E, Alric L, Vergnolle N, Deraison C. Epithelial production of elastase is increased in inflammatory bowel disease and causes mucosal inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:667-678. [PMID: 33674762 PMCID: PMC8075934 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Imbalance between proteases and their inhibitors plays a crucial role in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). Increased elastolytic activity is observed in the colon of patients suffering from IBD. Here, we aimed at identifying the players involved in elastolytic hyperactivity associated with IBD and their contribution to the disease. We revealed that epithelial cells are a major source of elastolytic activity in healthy human colonic tissues and this activity is greatly increased in IBD patients, both in diseased and distant sites of inflammation. This study identified a previously unrevealed production of elastase 2A (ELA2A) by colonic epithelial cells, which was enhanced in IBD patients. We demonstrated that ELA2A hyperactivity is sufficient to lead to a leaky epithelial barrier. Epithelial ELA2A hyperactivity also modified the cytokine gene expression profile with an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts, while reducing the expression of pro-resolving and repair factor genes. ELA2A thus appears as a novel actor produced by intestinal epithelial cells, which can drive inflammation and loss of barrier function, two essentials pathophysiological hallmarks of IBD. Targeting ELA2A hyperactivity should thus be considered as a potential target for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corinne Rolland
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana-Carolina Florence
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Perrine Rousset
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Mas
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.414018.80000 0004 0638 325XUnité de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie, Nutrition, Diabétologie et Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Elena F. Verdu
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Etienne Buscail
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France ,grid.22072.350000 0004 1936 7697Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Céline Deraison
- grid.503230.7IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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10
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Motta JP, Palese S, Giorgio C, Chapman K, Denadai-Souza A, Rousset P, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Buret AG, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, Oswald E, Barocelli E, Le Grand S, Le Grand B, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Increased Mucosal Thrombin is Associated with Crohn's Disease and Causes Inflammatory Damage through Protease-activated Receptors Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 15:787-799. [PMID: 33201214 PMCID: PMC8095389 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thrombin levels in the colon of Crohn's disease patients have recently been found to be elevated 100-fold compared with healthy controls. Our aim was to determine whether and how dysregulated thrombin activity could contribute to local tissue malfunctions associated with Crohn's disease. METHODS Thrombin activity was studied in tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls. Intracolonic administration of thrombin to wild-type or protease-activated receptor-deficient mice was used to assess the effects and mechanisms of local thrombin upregulation. Colitis was induced in rats and mice by the intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. RESULTS Active forms of thrombin were increased in Crohn's disease patient tissues. Elevated thrombin expression and activity were associated with intestinal epithelial cells. Increased thrombin activity and expression were also a feature of experimental colitis in rats. Colonic exposure to doses of active thrombin comparable to what is found in inflammatory bowel disease tissues caused mucosal damage and tissue dysfunctions in mice, through a mechanism involving both protease-activated receptors -1 and -4. Intracolonic administration of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran, as well as inhibition of protease-activated receptor-1, prevented trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rodent models. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that increased local thrombin activity, as it occurs in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, causes mucosal damage and inflammation. Colonic thrombin and protease-activated receptor-1 appear as possible mechanisms involved in mucosal damage and loss of function and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,CVasThera, Arobase Castres-Mazamet, Castres, France
| | - Simone Palese
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | - Kevin Chapman
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Perrine Rousset
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - David Sagnat
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Guiraud
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Anissa Edir
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Carine Seguy
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbara Bournet
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Buscail
- Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,Faculty of Medicine, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Università di Parma, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Parma, Italia
| | | | | | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, and Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada,Corresponding author: Dr Nathalie Vergnolle, PhD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive [IRSD], INSERM UMR-1220, Purpan Hospital, CS60039, 31024 Toulouse cedex 03, France. Tel.: 33-5-62-74-45-00; fax: 33-5-62-74-45-58;
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11
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Allain T, de Lamache DD, Sosnowski O, Fekete E, Motta JP, Feener TD, Reimer R, Buret AG. Western Diet Increases the Severity of
Giardia
Infection in Association with Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, U1220, CHU Purpan
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12
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Motta JP, Palese S, Sagnat D, Rousset P, Guiraud L, Edir A, Seguy C, Alric L, Bonnet D, Bournet B, Buscail L, Gilletta C, Barocelli E, Grand SL, Grand BL, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Therapeutic Intervention Targeting Mucosal Thrombin Or Protease‐Activated‐Receptor 1 Are Protective Against Colitis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Motta JP, Palese S, Sagnat D, Guiraud L, Alric L, Barocelli E, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Mucosal Thrombin Alters Gut Microbiota Biofilms Structure And Promote Dispersion Of Bacteria With Aggressive Behavior. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Buret AG, Motta JP, Allain T, Ferraz J, Wallace JL. Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron? J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 30602371 PMCID: PMC6317250 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the biofilm mode of growth of these microbiota communities, and how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations of relative microbial abundance and diversity, the aim of the review is to focus on the disruptions of the microbiota biofilm structure and function, the dispersion of commensal bacteria, and the mechanisms whereby these dispersed commensals may become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition to the expression of virulence factors in gut commensals that have become pathobionts. Causal studies are emerging, and mechanisms common to enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well as those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and colo-rectal cancer are used as examples to illustrate the great translational potential of such research. These new observations shed new light on our attempts to develop new therapies that are able to protect and restore gut microbiota homeostasis in the many disease conditions that have been linked to microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Gerald Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM UMR1220, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jose Ferraz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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15
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Motta JP, Allain T, Green-Harrison LE, Groves RA, Feener T, Ramay H, Beck PL, Lewis IA, Wallace JL, Buret AG. Iron Sequestration in Microbiota Biofilms As A Novel Strategy for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1493-1502. [PMID: 29788224 PMCID: PMC5995063 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significant alterations of intestinal microbiota and anemia are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is widely accepted that iron is a key nutrient for pathogenic bacteria, but little is known about its impact on microbiota associated with IBD. We used a model device to grow human mucosa-associated microbiota in its physiological anaerobic biofilm phenotype. Compared to microbiota from healthy donors, microbiota from IBD patients generate biofilms ex vivo that were larger in size and cell numbers, contained higher intracellular iron concentrations, and exhibited heightened virulence in a model of human intestinal epithelia in vitro and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We also describe an unexpected iron-scavenging property for an experimental hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of mesalamine. The findings demonstrate that this new drug reduces the virulence of IBD microbiota biofilms through a direct reduction of microbial iron intake and without affecting bacteria survival or species composition within the microbiota. Metabolomic analyses indicate that this drug reduces the intake of purine nucleosides (guanosine), increases the secretion of metabolite markers of purine catabolism (urate and hypoxanthine), and reduces the secretion of uracil (a pyrimidine nucleobase) in complex multispecies human biofilms. These findings demonstrate a new pathogenic mechanism for dysbiotic microbiota in IBD and characterize a novel mode of action for a class of mesalamine derivatives. Together, these observations pave the way towards a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Thibault Allain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luke E Green-Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan A Groves
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy Feener
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hena Ramay
- International Microbiome Centre, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Address correspondence to: Andre G. Buret, PhD, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. E-mail:
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16
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Martín R, Chain F, Miquel S, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Sokol H, Langella P. Using murine colitis models to analyze probiotics-host interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S49-S70. [PMID: 28830096 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. So, to consider a microorganism as a probiotic, a demonstrable beneficial effect on the health host should be shown as well as an adequate defined safety status and the capacity to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and to storage conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the murine colitis models currently employed to test the beneficial effect of the probiotic strains as well as an overview of the probiotics already tested. Our aim is to highlight both the importance of the adequate selection of the animal model to test the potential probiotic strains and of the value of the knowledge generated by these in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Science, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, AB T3E 4N1, Canada.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne University - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75252 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Equipe de Recherche Labélisée (ERL) 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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17
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Wallace JL, Motta JP, Buret AG. Hydrogen sulfide: an agent of stability at the microbiome-mucosa interface. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G143-G149. [PMID: 29025733 PMCID: PMC5866422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A diverse range of effects of the intestinal microbiota on mucosal defense and injury has become increasingly clear over the past decade. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an important mediator of many physiological functions, including gastrointestinal mucosal defense and repair. Hydrogen sulfide is produced by gastrointestinal tract tissues and by bacteria residing within the gut and can influence the function of a wide range of cells. The microbiota also appears to be an important target of hydrogen sulfide. H2S donors can modify the gut microbiota, and the gastrointestinal epithelium is a major site of oxidation of microbial-derived H2S. When administered together with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, H2S can prevent some of the dysbiosis those drugs induce, possibly contributing to the observed prevention of gastrointestinal damage. Exogenous H2S can also markedly reduce the severity of experimental colitis and plays important roles in modulating epithelial cell-mucus-bacterial interactions in the intestine, contributing to its ability to promote resolution of inflammation and repair of tissue injury. In this paper we review recent studies examining the roles of H2S in mucosal defense, the possibility that H2S can damage the gastrointestinal epithelium, and effects of H2S on the gut microbiota and on mucus and biofilm interactions in the context of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Camilo Castelo Branco, Fernandópolis, Brazil
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse , Toulouse , France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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18
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Rolland-Fourcade C, Denadai-Souza A, Cirillo C, Lopez C, Jaramillo JO, Desormeaux C, Cenac N, Motta JP, Larauche M, Taché Y, Berghe PV, Neunlist M, Coron E, Kirzin S, Portier G, Bonnet D, Alric L, Vanner S, Deraison C, Vergnolle N. Epithelial expression and function of trypsin-3 in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2017; 66:1767-1778. [PMID: 28096305 PMCID: PMC5595105 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Proteases are key mediators of pain and altered enteric neuronal signalling, although the types and sources of these important intestinal mediators are unknown. We hypothesised that intestinal epithelium is a major source of trypsin-like activity in patients with IBS and this activity signals to primary afferent and enteric nerves and induces visceral hypersensitivity. DESIGN Trypsin-like activity was determined in tissues from patients with IBS and in supernatants of Caco-2 cells stimulated or not. These supernatants were also applied to cultures of primary afferents. mRNA isoforms of trypsin (PRSS1, 2 and 3) were detected by reverse transcription-PCR, and trypsin-3 protein expression was studied by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Electrophysiological recordings and Ca2+ imaging in response to trypsin-3 were performed in mouse primary afferent and in human submucosal neurons, respectively. Visceromotor response to colorectal distension was recorded in mice administered intracolonically with trypsin-3. RESULTS We showed that stimulated intestinal epithelial cells released trypsin-like activity specifically from the basolateral side. This activity was able to activate sensory neurons. In colons of patients with IBS, increased trypsin-like activity was associated with the epithelium. We identified that trypsin-3 was the only form of trypsin upregulated in stimulated intestinal epithelial cells and in tissues from patients with IBS. Trypsin-3 was able to signal to human submucosal enteric neurons and mouse sensory neurons, and to induce visceral hypersensitivity in vivo, all by a protease-activated receptor-2-dependent mechanism. CONCLUSIONS In IBS, the intestinal epithelium produces and releases the active protease trypsin-3, which is able to signal to enteric neurons and to induce visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Cirillo
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cintya Lopez
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, , General Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josue Obed Jaramillo
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, , General Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cleo Desormeaux
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Larauche
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience and CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS), TARGID, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, UMR913, Nantes, France,Nantes University, Nantes, France,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, CHU Nantes, Hopital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Inserm, UMR913, Nantes, France,Nantes University, Nantes, France,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, CHU Nantes, Hopital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Sylvain Kirzin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Portier
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Bonnet
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Alric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Digestive Diseases, Pole Digestif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen Vanner
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, , General Hospital, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celine Deraison
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Amat CB, Motta JP, Fekete E, Moreau F, Chadee K, Buret AG. Cysteine Protease-Dependent Mucous Disruptions and Differential Mucin Gene Expression in Giardia duodenalis Infection. Am J Pathol 2017; 187:2486-2498. [PMID: 28823873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal mucous layer provides a critical host defense against pathogen exposure and epithelial injury, yet little is known about how enteropathogens may circumvent this physiologic barrier. Giardia duodenalis is a small intestinal parasite responsible for diarrheal disease and chronic postinfectious illness. This study reveals a complex interaction at the surface of epithelial cells, between G. duodenalis and the intestinal mucous layer. Here, we reveal mechanisms whereby G. duodenalis evades and disrupts the first line of host defense by degrading human mucin-2 (MUC2), depleting mucin stores and inducing differential gene expression in the mouse small and large intestines. Human colonic biopsy specimens exposed to G. duodenalis were depleted of mucus, and in vivo mice infected with G. duodenalis had a thinner mucous layer and demonstrated differential Muc2 and Muc5ac mucin gene expression. Infection in Muc2-/- mice elevated trophozoite colonization in the small intestine and impaired weight gain. In vitro, human LS174T goblet-like cells were depleted of mucus and had elevated levels of MUC2 mRNA expression after G. duodenalis exposure. Importantly, the cysteine protease inhibitor E64 prevented mucous degradation, mucin depletion, and the increase in MUC2 expression. This article describes a novel role for Giardia's cysteine proteases in pathogenesis and how Giardia's disruptions of the mucous barrier facilitate bacterial translocation that may contribute to the onset and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Amat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elena Fekete
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Moreau
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kris Chadee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Manko A, Motta JP, Cotton JA, Feener T, Oyeyemi A, Vallance BA, Wallace JL, Buret AG. Giardia co-infection promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 2 and trefoil factor 3 and attenuates attaching and effacing bacteria-induced intestinal disease. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28622393 PMCID: PMC5473565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of polymicrobial gastrointestinal infections and their effects on host biology remains incompletely understood. Giardia duodenalis is an ubiquitous intestinal protozoan parasite infecting animals and humans. Concomitant infections with Giardia and other gastrointestinal pathogens commonly occur. In countries with poor sanitation, Giardia infection has been associated with decreased incidence of diarrheal disease and fever, and reduced serum inflammatory markers release, via mechanisms that remain obscure. This study analyzed Giardia spp. co-infections with attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens, and assessed whether and how the presence of Giardia modulates host responses to A/E enteropathogens, and alters intestinal disease outcome. In mice infected with the A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium, co-infection with Giardia muris significantly attenuated weight loss, macro- and microscopic signs of colitis, bacterial colonization and translocation, while concurrently enhancing the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) mouse β-defensin 3 and trefoil factor 3 (TFF3). Co-infection of human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) monolayers with G. duodenalis trophozoites and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) enhanced the production of the AMPs human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and TFF3; this effect was inhibited with treatment of G. duodenalis with cysteine protease inhibitors. Collectively, these results suggest that Giardia infections are capable of reducing enteropathogen-induced colitis while increasing production of host AMPs. Additional studies also demonstrated that Giardia was able to directly inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. These results reveal novel mechanisms whereby Giardia may protect against gastrointestinal disease induced by a co-infecting A/E enteropathogen. Our findings shed new light on how microbial-microbial interactions in the gut may protect a host during concomitant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Manko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James A. Cotton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Troy Feener
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayodele Oyeyemi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John L. Wallace
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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21
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Beatty JK, Akierman SV, Motta JP, Muise S, Workentine ML, Harrison JJ, Bhargava A, Beck PL, Rioux KP, McKnight GW, Wallace JL, Buret AG. Giardia duodenalis induces pathogenic dysbiosis of human intestinal microbiota biofilms. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:311-326. [PMID: 28237889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent cause of acute diarrheal disease worldwide. However, recent outbreaks in Italy and Norway have revealed a link between giardiasis and the subsequent development of chronic post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. While the mechanisms underlying the causation of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome remain obscure, recent findings suggest that alterations in gut microbiota communities are linked to the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome. In the present study, we use a laboratory biofilm system to culture and enrich mucosal microbiota from human intestinal biopsies. Subsequently, we show that co-culture with Giardia induces disturbances in biofilm species composition and biofilm structure resulting in microbiota communities that are intrinsically dysbiotic - even after the clearance of Giardia. These microbiota abnormalities were mediated in part by secretory-excretory Giardia cysteine proteases. Using in vitro cell culture and germ-free murine infection models, we show that Giardia-induced disruptions of microbiota promote bacterial invasion, resulting in epithelial apoptosis, tight junctional disruption, and bacterial translocation across an intestinal epithelial barrier. Additionally, these dysbiotic microbiota communities resulted in increased activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway, and overproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta in humanized germ-free mice. Previous studies that have sought explanations and risk factors for the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome have focused on features of enteropathogens and attributes of the infected host. We propose that polymicrobial interactions involving Giardia and gut microbiota may cause persistent dysbiosis, offering a new interpretation of the reasons why those afflicted with giardiasis are predisposed to gastrointestinal disorders post-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah V Akierman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stacy Muise
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Matthew L Workentine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Joe J Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amol Bhargava
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul L Beck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Kevin P Rioux
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gordon Webb McKnight
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Abstract
Understanding how intestinal enteropathogens cause acute and chronic alterations has direct animal and human health perspectives. Significant advances have been made on this field by studies focusing on the dynamic crosstalk between the intestinal protozoan parasite model Giardia duodenalis and the host intestinal mucosa. The concept of intestinal barrier function is of the highest importance in the context of many gastrointestinal diseases such as infectious enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and post-infectious gastrointestinal disorders. This crucial function relies on 3 biotic and abiotic components, first the commensal microbiota organized as a biofilm, then an overlaying mucus layer, and finally the tightly structured intestinal epithelium. Herein we review multiple strategies used by Giardia parasite to circumvent these 3 components. We will summarize what is known and discuss preliminary observations suggesting how such enteropathogen directly and/ or indirectly impairs commensal microbiota biofilm architecture, disrupts mucus layer and damages host epithelium physiology and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Allain
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Christina B Amat
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Anna Manko
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - André G Buret
- a Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada
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23
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Halliez MCM, Motta JP, Feener TD, Guérin G, LeGoff L, François A, Colasse E, Favennec L, Gargala G, Lapointe TK, Altier C, Buret AG. Giardia duodenalis induces paracellular bacterial translocation and causes postinfectious visceral hypersensitivity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G574-85. [PMID: 26744469 PMCID: PMC4836132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00144.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most frequent functional gastrointestinal disorder. It is characterized by abdominal hypersensitivity, leading to discomfort and pain, as well as altered bowel habits. While it is common for IBS to develop following the resolution of infectious gastroenteritis [then termed postinfectious IBS (PI-IBS)], the mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Giardia duodenalis is a cosmopolitan water-borne enteropathogen that causes intestinal malabsorption, diarrhea, and postinfectious complications. Cause-and-effect studies using a human enteropathogen to help investigate the mechanisms of PI-IBS are sorely lacking. In an attempt to establish causality between giardiasis and postinfectious visceral hypersensitivity, this study describes a new model of PI-IBS in neonatal rats infected with G. duodenalis At 50 days postinfection with G. duodenalis (assemblage A or B), long after the parasite was cleared, rats developed visceral hypersensitivity to luminal balloon distension in the jejunum and rectum, activation of the nociceptive signaling pathway (increased c-fos expression), histological modifications (villus atrophy and crypt hyperplasia), and proliferation of mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes and mast cells in the jejunum, but not in the rectum. G. duodenalis infection also disrupted the intestinal barrier, in vivo and in vitro, which in turn promoted the translocation of commensal bacteria. Giardia-induced bacterial paracellular translocation in vitro correlated with degradation of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-4. The extensive observations associated with gut hypersensitivity described here demonstrate that, indeed, in this new model of postgiardiasis IBS, alterations to the gut mucosa and c-fos are consistent with those associated with PI-IBS and, hence, offer avenues for new mechanistic research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. M. Halliez
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France; ,2Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Troy D. Feener
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Gaetan Guérin
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France;
| | - Laetitia LeGoff
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France;
| | - Arnaud François
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France; ,3Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique CHU Rouen, Rouen cedex, France; and
| | - Elodie Colasse
- 3Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique CHU Rouen, Rouen cedex, France; and
| | - Loic Favennec
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France;
| | - Gilles Gargala
- 1Protozooses transmises par l'alimentation, Rouen University Hospital, University of Rouen and University of Reims Champagne-Ardennes, and Institute for Biomedical Research, Rouen and Reims, France;
| | - Tamia K. Lapointe
- 4Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christophe Altier
- 4Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - André G. Buret
- 2Department of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, Host-Parasite Interaction NSERC-CREATE, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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Buret AG, Amat CB, Manko A, Beatty JK, Halliez MCM, Bhargava A, Motta JP, Cotton JA. Giardia duodenalis: New Research Developments in Pathophysiology, Pathogenesis, and Virulence Factors. Curr Trop Med Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-015-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Motta JP, Aubry C, Kharrat P, Rous-Martin L, Sallenave JM, Deraison C, Vergnolle N, Langella P. Serine protease inhibitors protect better than IL-10 and TGF-β anti-inflammatory cytokines against mouse colitis when delivered by recombinant lactococci. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:26. [PMID: 25889561 PMCID: PMC4371826 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different studies have described the successful use of recombinant lactic acid bacteria (recLAB) to deliver anti-inflammatory molecules at the mucosal level to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Methods In order to identify the best strategy to treat IBD using recLAB, we compared the efficacy of different recombinant strains of Lactococcus lactis (the model LAB) secreting two types of anti-inflammatory molecules: cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) and serine protease inhibitors (Elafin and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: SLPI), using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. Results Our results show that oral administration of recombinant L. lactis strains expressing either IL-10 or TGF-β1 display moderate anti-inflammatory effects in inflamed mice and only for some clinical parameters. In contrast, delivery of either serine protease inhibitors Elafin or SLPI by recLAB led to a significant reduction of intestinal inflammation for all clinical parameters tested. Since the best results were obtained with Elafin-producing L. lactis strain, we then tried to enhance Elafin expression and hence its delivery rate by producing it in a L. lactis mutant strain inactivated in its major housekeeping protease, HtrA. Strikingly, a higher reduction of intestinal inflammation in DSS-treated mice was observed with the Elafin-overproducing htrA strain suggesting a dose-dependent Elafin effect. Conclusions Altogether, these results strongly suggest that serine protease inhibitors are the most efficient anti-inflammatory molecules to be delivered by recLAB at the mucosal level for IBD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Camille Aubry
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Pascale Kharrat
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Laurence Rous-Martin
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- INSERM U874, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1152, Faculté de Médecine site Bichat, Université Paris Diderot, 16, rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France. .,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Céline Deraison
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France.
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Inserm, U1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, rue du Dr Roux, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,AgroParisTech, UMR1319 Micalis, F-78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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26
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Wallace JL, Blackler RW, Chan MV, Da Silva GJ, Elsheikh W, Flannigan KL, Gamaniek I, Manko A, Wang L, Motta JP, Buret AG. Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective actions of hydrogen sulfide: translation to therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:398-410. [PMID: 24635322 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE There is a rapidly expanding body of evidence for important roles of hydrogen sulfide in protecting against tissue injury, reducing inflammation, and promoting repair. There is also growing evidence that H2S can be successfully exploited in drug development. RECENT ADVANCES H2S synthesis and degradation are regulated in circumstances of inflammation and injury so as to promote repair and re-establish homeostasis. Novel H2S-releasing drugs exhibit enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-restorative effects, while having reduced adverse effects in many tissues. CRITICAL ISSUES H2S is a pleiotropic mediator, having effects on many elements in the inflammatory cascade and promoting the resolution of inflammation and injury. It also contributes significantly to mucosal defence in the gastrointestinal tract, and in host defence against infection. There is strong evidence that novel, H2S-based therapeutics are safe and effective in animal models, and several are progressing through human trials. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A better understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of H2S continues to be restrained by the lack of simple, reliable methods for measurement of H2S synthesis, and the paucity of highly selective inhibitors of enzymes that participate in endogenous H2S synthesis. On the other hand, H2S donors show promise as therapeutics for several important indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Wallace
- 1 Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary , Calgary, Canada
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27
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Flannigan KL, Agbor TA, Motta JP, Ferraz JGP, Wang R, Buret AG, Wallace JL. Proresolution effects of hydrogen sulfide during colitis are mediated through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. FASEB J 2014; 29:1591-602. [PMID: 25550470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During a course of colitis, production of the gaseous mediator hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is markedly up-regulated at sites of mucosal damage and contributes significantly to healing and resolution of inflammation. The signaling mechanisms through which H2S promotes resolution of colitis are unknown. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of H2S in experimental colitis are mediated via stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The hapten dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid was used to induce colitis in rats and mice. This resulted in an elevated expression of the H2S-producing enzyme, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and HIF-1α at sites of mucosal ulceration, and the expression of these 2 enzymes followed a similar pattern throughout the course of colitis. This represented a functionally important relationship because the loss of CSE-derived H2S production led to decreased HIF-1α stabilization and exacerbation of colitis. Furthermore, application of an H2S-releasing molecule, diallyl disulfide (DADS), stabilized colonic HIF-1α expression, up-regulated hypoxia-responsive genes, and reduced the severity of disease during peak inflammation. Importantly, the ability of DADS to promote the resolution of colitis was abolished when coadministered with an inhibitor of HIF-1α in vivo (PX-478). DADS was also able to maintain HIF-1α expression at a later point in colitis, when HIF-1α levels would have normally returned to control levels, and to enhance resolution. Finally, we found that HIF-1α stabilization inhibited colonic H2S production and may represent a negative feedback mechanism to prevent prolonged HIF-1α stabilization. Our findings demonstrate an important link between H2S and HIF-1α in the resolution of inflammation and injury during colitis and provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic value of H2S donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Flannigan
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terence A Agbor
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - José G P Ferraz
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre G Buret
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - John L Wallace
- *Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Biological Sciences, Medicine, and Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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Blackler RW, Motta JP, Manko A, Workentine M, Bercik P, Surette MG, Wallace JL. Hydrogen sulphide protects against NSAID-enteropathy through modulation of bile and the microbiota. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:992-1004. [PMID: 25297699 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulphide is an important mediator of gastrointestinal mucosal defence. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is significantly limited by their toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. Particularly concerning is the lack of effective preventative or curative treatments for NSAID-induced intestinal damage and bleeding. We evaluated the ability of a hydrogen sulphide donor to protect against NSAID-induced enteropathy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intestinal ulceration and bleeding were induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of naproxen. The effects of suppression of endogenous hydrogen sulphide synthesis or administration of a hydrogen sulphide donor (diallyl disulphide) on naproxen-induced enteropathy was examined. Effects of diallyl disulphide on small intestinal inflammation and intestinal microbiota were also assessed. Bile collected after in vivo naproxen and diallyl disulphide administration was evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro using cultured intestinal epithelial cells. KEY RESULTS Suppression of endogenous hydrogen sulphide synthesis by β-cyano-L-alanine exacerbated naproxen-induced enteropathy. Diallyl disulphide co-administration dose-dependently reduced the severity of naproxen-induced small intestinal damage, inflammation and bleeding. Diallyl disulphide administration attenuated naproxen-induced increases in the cytotoxicity of bile on cultured enterocytes, and prevented or reversed naproxen-induced changes in the intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hydrogen sulphide protects against NSAID-enteropathy in rats, in part reducing the cytotoxicity of bile and preventing NSAID-induced dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory W Blackler
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Cotton JA, Motta JP, Schenck LP, Hirota SA, Beck PL, Buret AG. Giardia duodenalis infection reduces granulocyte infiltration in an in vivo model of bacterial toxin-induced colitis and attenuates inflammation in human intestinal tissue. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109087. [PMID: 25289678 PMCID: PMC4188619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, G. lamblia) is a predominant cause of waterborne diarrheal disease that may lead to post-infectious functional gastrointestinal disorders. Although Giardia-infected individuals could carry as much as 106 trophozoites per centimetre of gut, their intestinal mucosa is devoid of overt signs of inflammation. Recent studies have shown that in endemic countries where bacterial infectious diseases are common, Giardia infections can protect against the development of diarrheal disease and fever. Conversely, separate observations have indicated Giardia infections may enhance the severity of diarrheal disease from a co-infecting pathogen. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils (PMNs) are granulocytic, innate immune cells characteristic of acute intestinal inflammatory responses against bacterial pathogens that contribute to the development of diarrheal disease following recruitment into intestinal tissues. Giardia cathepsin B cysteine proteases have been shown to attenuate PMN chemotaxis towards IL-8/CXCL8, suggesting Giardia targets PMN accumulation. However, the ability of Giardia infections to attenuate PMN accumulation in vivo and how in turn this effect may alter the host inflammatory response in the intestine has yet to be demonstrated. Herein, we report that Giardia infection attenuates granulocyte tissue infiltration induced by intra-rectal instillation of Clostridium difficile toxin A and B in an isolate-dependent manner. This attenuation of granulocyte infiltration into colonic tissues paralled decreased expression of several cytokines associated with the recruitment of PMNs. Giardia trophozoite isolates that attenuated granulocyte infiltration in vivo also decreased protein expression of cytokines released from inflamed mucosal biopsy tissues collected from patients with active Crohn’s disease, including several cytokines associated with PMN recruitment. These results demonstrate for the first time that certain Giardia infections may attenuate PMN accumulation by decreasing the expression of the mediators responsible for their recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. Cotton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - L. Patrick Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon A. Hirota
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul L. Beck
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andre G. Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Le Faouder P, Baillif V, Spreadbury I, Motta JP, Rousset P, Chêne G, Guigné C, Tercé F, Vanner S, Vergnolle N, Bertrand-Michel J, Dubourdeau M, Cenac N. LC–MS/MS method for rapid and concomitant quantification of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 932:123-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Aubry C, Motta JP, Deraison C, Steidler L, Vergnolle N, Chatel JM, Langella P. Engineering lactococci and lactobacilli for human health. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:278-83. [PMID: 23850097 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food-grade lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are good candidates for the development of oral vectors, and are attractive alternatives to attenuated pathogens, for mucosal delivery strategies. In this review, we summarize recent results on the use of LAB as mucosal delivery vectors for therapeutic proteins and DNA vaccines. Most of this work has been based on the model LAB, Lactococcus lactis, which is suitable for the heterologous expression of therapeutic proteins. Recombinant lactococci and lactobacilli strains expressing antiproteases and antioxidant enzymes have been tested successfully for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects in murine models of colitis. Recombinant lactococci secreting autoantigens have been found to be effective for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Also, recombinant lactococci delivering DNA were able to prevent a bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-allergic reaction in mice. We believe that these various coherent findings demonstrate the potential value of using LAB, particularly lactococci and lactobacilli strains, to develop novel vectors for the therapeutic delivery of proteins to mucosal surfaces. Further tests and in particular human clinical trials are now important next steps to conclude on the benefit of these approaches for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Bermúdez-Humarán
- INRA, Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, UMR 1319 Micalis, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Gobbetti T, Cenac N, Motta JP, Rolland C, Martin L, Andrade-Gordon P, Steinhoff M, Barocelli E, Vergnolle N. Serine protease inhibition reduces post-ischemic granulocyte recruitment in mouse intestine. Am J Pathol 2011; 180:141-52. [PMID: 22067907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proteases and proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) activation are involved in several intestinal inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that serine proteases and PAR activation could also modulate the intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed or not by reperfusion. Sham-operated animals served as controls. After ischemia, plasma and tissue serine protease activity levels were increased compared to the activity measured in plasma and tissues from sham-operated mice. This increase was maintained or further enhanced after 2 and 5 hours of reperfusion, respectively. Trypsin (25 kDa) was detected in tissues both after ischemia and 2 hours of reperfusion. Treatment with FUT-175 (10 mg/kg), a potent serine protease inhibitor, increased survival after I-R, inhibited tissue protease activity, and significantly decreased intestinal myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and chemokine and adhesion molecule expression. We investigated whether serine proteases modulate granulocyte recruitment by a PAR-dependent mechanism. MPO levels and adhesion molecule expression were significantly reduced in I-R groups pre-treated with the PAR(1) antagonist SCH-79797 (5 mg/kg) and in Par(2)(-/-)mice, compared, respectively, to vehicle-treated group and wild-type littermates. Thus, increased proteolytic activity and PAR activation play a pathogenic role in intestinal I-R injury. Inhibition of PAR-activating serine proteases could be beneficial to reduce post-ischemic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbetti
- INSERM, U1043, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
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Motta JP, Magne L, Descamps D, Rolland C, Squarzoni-Dale C, Rousset P, Martin L, Cenac N, Balloy V, Huerre M, Fröhlich LF, Jenne D, Wartelle J, Belaaouaj A, Mas E, Vinel JP, Alric L, Chignard M, Vergnolle N, Sallenave JM. Modifying the protease, antiprotease pattern by elafin overexpression protects mice from colitis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:1272-82. [PMID: 21199654 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been reported to have increased proteolytic activity, but no studies have clearly addressed the role of the balance between proteases and antiproteases in the pathogenesis of colitis. We investigated the role of Elafin, a serine protease inhibitor expressed by skin and mucosal surfaces in human inflammatory conditions, and the proteases neutrophil elastase (NE) and proteinase-3 (PR-3) in mice with colitis. METHODS We studied mice with heterozygous disruptions in NE and PR-3, mice that express human elafin (an inhibitor of NE and PR-3), and naïve mice that received intracolonic adenoviral vectors that express elafin. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) was used to induce colitis. Protease, cytokine levels, and NF-κB activity were measured in colons of mice. Caco-2 and HT29 cells were studied in assays for cytokine expression, permeability, and NF-κB activity. RESULTS Elafin expression or delivery re-equilibrated the proteolytic balance in inflamed colons of mice. In mice given TNBS or DSS, transgenic expression of elafin or disruption of NE and PR-3 protected against the development of colitis. Similarly, adenoviral delivery of Elafin significantly inhibited inflammatory parameters. Elafin modulated a variety of inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo and strengthened intestinal epithelial barrier functions. CONCLUSIONS The protease inhibitor Elafin prevents intestinal inflammation in mouse models of colitis and might be developed as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Motta
- Inserm, U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
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Cenac N, Altier C, Motta JP, d'Aldebert E, Galeano S, Zamponi GW, Vergnolle N. Potentiation of TRPV4 signalling by histamine and serotonin: an important mechanism for visceral hypersensitivity. Gut 2010; 59:481-8. [PMID: 20332520 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2009.192567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence points to a role for histamine and serotonin in visceral hypersensitivity, activation of calcium channels such as transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) also causes visceral hypersensitivity. We hypothesised that TRPV4 is important for the generation of hypersensitivity, mediating histamine- and serotonin-induced visceral hypersensitivity. METHODS In response to histamine, serotonin and/or TRPV4 agonist (4alphaPDD), calcium signals and TRPV4 localisation studies were performed on dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons projecting from the colon. To evaluate visceral nociception, colorectal distension (CRD) was performed in mice treated with serotonin or histamine and with 4alphaPDD. Intrathecal injection of TRPV4 silencer RNA (SiRNA) or mismatch SiRNA was used to target TRPV4 expression. RESULTS Pre-exposure of DRG neurons projecting from the colon, to histamine or serotonin, increased Ca(2+) responses induced by 4alphaPDD by a protein kinase C (PKC), phospholipase Cbeta (PLCbeta), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-dependent mechanisms. Serotonin or histamine treatments enhanced TRPV4 expression at the plasma membrane by a MAPKK mechanism. Hypersensitivity induced by serotonin or histamine were both significantly inhibited by TRPV4 SiRNA intrathecal injection. Administration of sub-nociceptive doses of serotonin or histamine potentiated 4alphaPDD-induced hypersensitivity in response to CRD. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin and histamine sensitise TRPV4 response to 4alphaPDD both in vivo (increased visceral hypersensitivity) and in vitro, in sensory neurons, by a PKC, PLA(2), PLCbeta and MAPKK-dependent mechanism. Serotonin and histamine caused a MAPKK-dependent increase in TRPV4 expression in colonic sensory neurons plasma membranes. Further, histamine- or serotonin-mediated visceral hypersensitivity depend on TRPV4 expression in sensory neurons. TRPV4 appears as a common mechanism to several known mediators of visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Cenac
- NSERM U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Djouani-Tahri EB, Motta JP, Bouget FY, Corellou F. Insights into the regulation of the core clock component TOC1 in the green picoeukaryote Ostreococcus. Plant Signal Behav 2010; 5:332-5. [PMID: 20200488 PMCID: PMC2881293 DOI: 10.4161/psb.5.3.11212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms such as plants and animals have evolved endogenous clocks in order to anticipate the environmental changes associated with the earth's rotation and to orchestrate biological processes in the course of the 24 hour daily cycle. We have recently identified clock components in the primitive green picoalga Ostreococcus tauri, a promising minimal cellular and genomic model for systems biology approaches. A homologue of the Arabidopsis core clock gene Time of CAB expression-1 (TOC1) was shown to play a central role in Ostreococcus heralding an early emergence of clock components in the green lineage. Here we report the regulation of TOC1 at dusk in response to light and dark cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Batoul Djouani-Tahri
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7621 Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls/mer, France
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Corellou F, Schwartz C, Motta JP, Djouani-Tahri EB, Sanchez F, Bouget FY. Clocks in the green lineage: comparative functional analysis of the circadian architecture of the picoeukaryote ostreococcus. Plant Cell 2009; 21:3436-49. [PMID: 19948792 PMCID: PMC2798331 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.068825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms that allow organisms to adapt to the solar cycle are generated by endogenous circadian clocks. In higher plants, many clock components have been identified and cellular rhythmicity is thought to be driven by a complex transcriptional feedback circuitry. In the small genome of the green unicellular alga Ostreococcus tauri, two of the master clock genes Timing of Cab expression1 (TOC1) and Circadian Clock-Associated1 (CCA1) appear to be conserved, but others like Gigantea or Early-Flowering4 are lacking. Stably transformed luciferase reporter lines and tools for gene functional analysis were therefore developed to characterize clock gene function in this simple eukaryotic system. This approach revealed several features that are comparable to those in higher plants, including the circadian regulation of TOC1, CCA1, and the output gene Chlorophyll a/b Binding under constant light, the relative phases of TOC1/CCA1 expression under light/dark cycles, arrhythmic overexpression phenotypes under constant light, the binding of CCA1 to a conserved evening element in the TOC1 promoter, as well as the requirement of the evening element for circadian regulation of TOC1 promoter activity. Functional analysis supports TOC1 playing a central role in the clock, but repression of CCA1 had no effect on clock function in constant light, arguing against a simple TOC1 /CCA1 one-loop clock in Ostreococcus. The emergence of functional genomics in a simple green cell with a small genome may facilitate increased understanding of how complex cellular processes such as the circadian clock have evolved in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Corellou
- University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbiene, Observatoire Océanologique, F-66651 Banyuls/Mer, France.
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