1
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Zamora A, Nougué M, Verdu L, Balzan E, Draia-Nicolau T, Benuzzi E, Pujol F, Baillif V, Lacazette E, Morfoisse F, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A, Dubourdeau M, Chaput B, Fazilleau N, Malloizel-Delaunay J, Bura-Rivière A, Prats AC, Garmy-Susini B. 15-Lipoxygenase promotes resolution of inflammation in lymphedema by controlling T reg cell function through IFN-β. Nat Commun 2024; 15:221. [PMID: 38177096 PMCID: PMC10766617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema (LD) is characterized by the accumulation of interstitial fluid, lipids and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the limb. Here, we find that LD tissues from women who developed LD after breast cancer exhibit an inflamed gene expression profile. Lipidomic analysis reveals decrease in specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) generated by the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) in LD. In mice, the loss of SPM is associated with an increase in apoptotic regulatory T (Treg) cell number. In addition, the selective depletion of 15-LO in the lymphatic endothelium induces an aggravation of LD that can be rescued by Treg cell adoptive transfer or ALOX15-expressing lentivector injections. Mechanistically, exogenous injections of the pro-resolving cytokine IFN-β restores both 15-LO expression and Treg cell number in a mouse model of LD. These results provide evidence that lymphatic 15-LO may represent a therapeutic target for LD by serving as a mediator of Treg cell populations to resolve inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - M Nougué
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - L Verdu
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Balzan
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - T Draia-Nicolau
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - E Benuzzi
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Pujol
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - E Lacazette
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - F Morfoisse
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - J Galitzky
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bouloumié
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | | | - B Chaput
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et des Brûlés, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - N Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Inserm UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse, 31024, Toulouse, France
| | - J Malloizel-Delaunay
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A Bura-Rivière
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - A C Prats
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France
| | - B Garmy-Susini
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UT3, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Mas-Orea X, Rey L, Battut L, Bories C, Petitfils C, Abot A, Gheziel N, Wemelle E, Blanpied C, Motta JP, Knauf C, Barreau F, Espinosa E, Aloulou M, Cenac N, Serino M, Mouledous L, Fazilleau N, Dietrich G. Proenkephalin deletion in hematopoietic cells induces intestinal barrier failure resulting in clinical feature similarities with irritable bowel syndrome in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1168. [PMID: 37968381 PMCID: PMC10652007 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05542-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid-dependent immune-mediated analgesic effects have been broadly reported upon inflammation. In preclinical mouse models of intestinal inflammatory diseases, the local release of enkephalins (endogenous opioids) by colitogenic T lymphocytes alleviate inflammation-induced pain by down-modulating gut-innervating nociceptor activation in periphery. In this study, we wondered whether this immune cell-derived enkephalin-mediated regulation of the nociceptor activity also operates under steady state conditions. Here, we show that chimeric mice engrafted with enkephalin-deficient bone marrow cells exhibit not only visceral hypersensitivity but also an increase in both epithelial paracellular and transcellular permeability, an alteration of the microbial topography resulting in increased bacteria-epithelium interactions and a higher frequency of IgA-producing plasma cells in Peyer's patches. All these alterations of the intestinal homeostasis are associated with an anxiety-like behavior despite the absence of an overt inflammation as observed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Thus, our results show that immune cell-derived enkephalins play a pivotal role in maintaining gut homeostasis and normal behavior in mice. Because a defect in the mucosal opioid system remarkably mimics some major clinical symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome, its identification might help to stratify subgroups of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Mas-Orea
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lea Rey
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Louise Battut
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Abot
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- Enterosys SAS, Labège, France
| | - Nadine Gheziel
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eve Wemelle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Espinosa
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center of Integrative Biology (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR-5169, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INFINITy, Université de Toulouse, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Univ Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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3
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Viguier M, Pérals C, Poirier B, Battistella M, Aubin F, Bachelez H, Prétet JL, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Touzé A, Gougeon ML, Fazilleau N. Human papilloma virus-16-specific CD8+ T-cell expansions characterize different clinical forms of lichen planus and not lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:859-868. [PMID: 36922453 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lichen planus (LP) is a cutaneomucosal chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) infiltrate. In erosive oral LP, we found HPV16-specific activated CTL in lesions, supporting a pathogenic contribution of HPV16. Here, we investigated whether a similar scenario occurs in other clinical forms of LP and in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA), another chronic disease also affecting the mucosa and/or the skin. Blood CTL from LP and LSA patients expressed significant higher levels of granzyme B, perforin and CD107a proteins than healthy donors. Expansions of TCRVß3+ CTL, with presence of TCR clonotypes identical to those previously detected in erosive oral LP, were found both in blood and mucosal/skin lesions of LP, and not of LSA patients. These expansions were enriched with HPV16-specific CD8+ T-cells as shown by their recognition of the E711-20 immunodominant epitope. In LSA patients, the peripheral repertoire of CTL was oligoclonal for TCRVß6+ CTL. Finally, although patients with LP and LSA have developed antibodies against HPV16 capsid L1, antibodies against HPV16 E6 were only observed in patients with LP. Overall, our data collectively suggest an involvement of HPV16-specific CTL in different clinical forms of LP, not only in erosive oral LP, while a different scenario operates in LSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuelle Viguier
- Department of dermatology, Hôpital Robert-Debré, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), EA7509 IRMAIC, Reims, France
| | - Corine Pérals
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), CNRS U5051, INSERM U1291, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Maxime Battistella
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - François Aubin
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) de Besançon, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Hervé Bachelez
- Laboratory of Genetics of Skin Diseases, Imagine Institute for Human Genetic Diseases, INSERM U1163, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, APHP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Prétet
- Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CHU de Besançon, Université Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | | | - Massimo Tommasino
- IARC, Lyon, France
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), CNRS U5051, INSERM U1291, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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4
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Yang C, Blaize G, Marrocco R, Rouquié N, Bories C, Gador M, Mélique S, Joulia E, Benamar M, Dejean AS, Daniels-Treffandier H, Love PE, Fazilleau N, Saoudi A, Lesourne R. THEMIS enhances the magnitude of normal and neuroinflammatory type 1 immune responses by promoting TCR-independent signals. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabl5343. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abl5343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Signals that determine the differentiation of naïve CD4
+
T helper (T
H
) cells into specific effector cell subsets are primarily stimulated by cytokines, but additional signals are required to adjust the magnitude of T
H
cell responses and set the balance between effective immunity and immunological tolerance. By inducing the post-thymic deletion of the T cell lineage signaling protein THEMIS, we showed that THEMIS promoted the development of optimal type 1 immune responses to foreign antigens but stimulated signals that favored encephalitogenic responses to self-neuroantigens. THEMIS was required to stimulate the expression of the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator T-BET and the production of the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and it enhanced the ability of encephalitogenic CD4
+
T cells to migrate into the central nervous system. Consistently, analysis of THEMIS expression in polarized CD4
+
T cells showed that THEMIS was selectively increased in abundance in T
H
1 cells. The stimulation of predifferentiated effector CD4
+
T cells with antigen-presenting cells revealed a stimulatory function for THEMIS on type 1 cytokine responses, similar to those observed ex vivo after immunization. In contrast, THEMIS exerted opposing effects on naïve CD4
+
T cells in vitro by inhibiting the T cell receptor (TCR)–mediated signals that lead to T
H
1 cell responses. These data suggest that THEMIS exerts TCR-independent functions in effector T cells, which increase the magnitude of normal and pathogenic T
H
1 cell–mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Yang
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëtan Blaize
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémi Marrocco
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Suzanne Mélique
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Emeline Joulia
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne S. Dejean
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Daniels-Treffandier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul E. Love
- Section on Hematopoiesis and Lymphocyte Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
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5
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Kemoun P, Ader I, Planat-Benard V, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Monsarrat P, Cousin B, Paupert J, Ousset M, Lorsignol A, Raymond-Letron I, Vellas B, Valet P, Kirkwood T, Beard J, Pénicaud L, Casteilla L. A gerophysiology perspective on healthy ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101537. [PMID: 34883201 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in public health and health care have resulted in significant increases in lifespan globally, but also in a significant increase in chronic disease prevalence. This has led to a focus on healthy ageing bringing a shift from a pathology-centered to an intrinsic capacity and function-centered view. In parallel, the emerging field of geroscience has promoted the exploration of the biomolecular drivers of ageing towards a transverse vision by proposing an integrated set of molecular hallmarks. In this review, we propose to take a step further in this direction, highlighting a gerophysiological perspective that considers the notion of homeostasis/allostasis relating to robustness/fragility respectively. While robustness is associated with homeostasis achieved by an optimal structure/function relationship in all organs, successive repair processes occurring after daily injuries and infections result in accumulation of scar healing leading to progressive tissue degeneration, allostasis and frailty. Considering biological ageing as the accumulation of scarring at the level of the whole organism emphasizes three transverse and shared elements in the body - mesenchymal stroma cells/immunity/metabolism (SIM). This SIM tryptich drives tissue and organ fate to regulate the age-related evolution of body functions. It provides the basis of a gerophysiology perspective, possibly representing a better way to decipher healthy ageing, not only by defining a composite biomarker(s) but also by developing new preventive/curative strategies.
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6
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Aloulou M, Fazilleau N. The Use of Peptide-MHCII Tetramers to Identify Antigen-Specific T Follicular Helper and T Follicular Regulatory Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2380:141-147. [PMID: 34802128 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1736-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Characterization and counting of the different immune cell subpopulations are largely used in order to predict the quality of vaccination or the progression of diseases. As such, flow cytometry is a valuable technology to perform an exact cartography of the immune cell subsets. In the context of B-cell responses, specialized structures emerge in B-follicles of second lymphoid organs where B-cells "undergo maturation processes under the guidance of specific T-cells, follicular helper T-cells, and follicular regulatory T-cells. Thus, tracking these cell types is of high interest, especially in the context of protein vaccination. In this purpose, we describe here, how we can track antigen-specific follicular helper T-cells and follicular regulatory T-cells by flow cytometry after protein vaccination in nonmodified wild-type mice, which ultimately provides a comprehensive way to better understand the function of these particular cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Aloulou
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulpouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulpouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
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7
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Argenty J, Rouquié N, Bories C, Mélique S, Duplan-Eche V, Saoudi A, Fazilleau N, Lesourne R. A selective LIS1 requirement for mitotic spindle assembly discriminates distinct T-cell division mechanisms within the T-cell lineage. eLife 2022; 11:80277. [PMID: 36519536 PMCID: PMC9797186 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to proliferate is a common feature of most T-cell populations. However, proliferation follows different cell-cycle dynamics and is coupled to different functional outcomes according to T-cell subsets. Whether the mitotic machineries supporting these qualitatively distinct proliferative responses are identical remains unknown. Here, we show that disruption of the microtubule-associated protein LIS1 in mouse models leads to proliferative defects associated with a blockade of T-cell development after β-selection and of peripheral CD4+ T-cell expansion after antigen priming. In contrast, cell divisions in CD8+ T cells occurred independently of LIS1 following T-cell antigen receptor stimulation, although LIS1 was required for proliferation elicited by pharmacological activation. In thymocytes and CD4+ T cells, LIS1 deficiency did not affect signaling events leading to activation but led to an interruption of proliferation after the initial round of division and to p53-induced cell death. Proliferative defects resulted from a mitotic failure, characterized by the presence of extra-centrosomes and the formation of multipolar spindles, causing abnormal chromosomes congression during metaphase and separation during telophase. LIS1 was required to stabilize dynein/dynactin complexes, which promote chromosome attachment to mitotic spindles and ensure centrosome integrity. Together, these results suggest that proliferative responses are supported by distinct mitotic machineries across T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Argenty
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Nelly Rouquié
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Cyrielle Bories
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Suzanne Mélique
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Valérie Duplan-Eche
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
| | - Renaud Lesourne
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, University Toulouse IIIToulouseFrance
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8
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Ader I, Pénicaud L, Andrieu S, Beard JR, Davezac N, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gourdy P, Guyonnet S, Liblau R, Parini A, Payoux P, Rampon C, Raymond-Letron I, Rolland Y, de Souto Barreto P, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Sierra F, Vellas B, Casteilla L. Healthy Aging Biomarkers: The INSPIRE's Contribution. J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:313-319. [PMID: 34549244 PMCID: PMC8081649 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The find solutions for optimizing healthy aging and increase health span is one of the main challenges for our society. A novel healthcare model based on integration and a shift on research and care towards the maintenance of optimal functional levels are now seen as priorities by the WHO. To address this issue, an integrative global strategy mixing longitudinal and experimental cohorts with an innovative transverse understanding of physiological functioning is missing. While the current approach to the biology of aging is mainly focused on parenchymal cells, we propose that age-related loss of function is largely determined by three elements which constitute the general ground supporting the different specific parenchyma: i.e. the stroma, the immune system and metabolism. Such strategy that is implemented in INSPIRE projects can strongly help to find a composite biomarker capable of predicting changes in capacity across the life course with thresholds signalling frailty and care dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ader
- Louis Casteilla, RESTORE, UMR 1301-Inserm 5070 Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse III, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), CNRS, Toulouse, France;
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9
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Eisenbarth SC, Baumjohann D, Craft J, Fazilleau N, Ma CS, Tangye SG, Vinuesa CG, Linterman MA. CD4 + T cells that help B cells - a proposal for uniform nomenclature. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:658-669. [PMID: 34244056 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells cognately guide differentiation of antigen-primed B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. 'Tfh-like' populations not expressing the canonical Tfh cell transcription factor BCL6 have also been described, which can aid particular aspects of B cell differentiation. Tfh and Tfh-like cells are essential for protective and pathological humoral immunity. These CD4+ T cells that help B cells are polarized to produce diverse combinations of cytokines and chemokine receptors and can be grouped into distinct subsets that promote antibodies of different isotype, affinity, and duration, according to the nature of immune challenge. However, unified nomenclature to describe the distinct functional Tfh and Tfh-like cells does not exist. While explicitly acknowledging cellular plasticity, we propose categorizing these cell states into three groups based on phenotype and function, paired with their anatomical site of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Eisenbarth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA.
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology, and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joe Craft
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA; Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 0652, USA
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carola G Vinuesa
- John Curtin School for Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton 2601, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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10
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Dalloul Z, Best M, Chenuet P, Dalloul I, Le Noir S, Togbé D, Gador M, Ryffel B, Fj Quesniaux V, El Makhour Y, Boyer F, Aldigier JC, Cook-Moreau J, Fazilleau N, Cogné M. Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein inhibition of IgG/IgE production in murine B cells is counter-balanced by a strong Th2 bias. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1280. [PMID: 34136216 PMCID: PMC8164936 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) proteins are a new and growing class of anti-cancer drugs, which decrease oncogene expression by targeting superenhancers. Antibody production is another physiological process relying on superenhancers, and it remains to be clarified whether potential immunomodulatory properties of BET inhibitors might impact humoral immunity and allergy. Methods We thus evaluated humoral immune responses and their Th2 context in vitro and in vivo in mice following treatment with the classical BET-inhibitor JQ1. We quantified immunoglobulin (Ig) and antibody production by B cells either stimulated in vitro or obtained from immunised mice. JQ1 effects on class switching and activation-induced deaminase loading were determined, together with modifications of B, T follicular helper (Tfh) and T helper 2 (Th2) populations. JQ1 was finally tested in B-cell-dependent models of immune disorders. Results Bromodomain and extra terminal domain inhibition reduced class switching, Ig expression on B cells and antibody secretion and was correlated with decreased numbers of Tfh cells. However, JQ1 strongly increased the proportion of GATA3+ Th2 cells and the secretion of corresponding cytokines. In a mouse allergic model of lung inflammation, JQ1 did not affect eosinophil infiltration or mucus production but enhanced Th2 cytokine production and aggravated clinical manifestations. Conclusion Altogether, BET inhibition thus interweaves intrinsic negative effects on B cells with a parallel complex reshaping of T-cell polarisation which can increase type 2 cytokines and eventually promote B-cell-dependent immunopathology. These opposite and potentially hazardous immunomodulatory effects raise concerns for clinical use of BET inhibitors in patients with immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Dalloul
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Marie Best
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases CNRS U5051, Inserm U1291 University of Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Pauline Chenuet
- INEM - UMR7355 CNRS Orléans France.,ArtImmune SAS Orléans France
| | - Iman Dalloul
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Sandrine Le Noir
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Dieudonnée Togbé
- INEM - UMR7355 CNRS Orléans France.,ArtImmune SAS Orléans France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases CNRS U5051, Inserm U1291 University of Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | | | | | - Yolla El Makhour
- Faculty of Sciences Immunology Unit MICSU and Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon
| | - François Boyer
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Jean-Claude Aldigier
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Jeanne Cook-Moreau
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases CNRS U5051, Inserm U1291 University of Toulouse III Toulouse France
| | - Michel Cogné
- Control of the B cell Response & Lymphoproliferation CNRS UMR 7276 INSERM U1262 Limoges University Limoges France.,INSERM U 1236 University of Rennes 1 Rennes France
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11
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Guerville F, De Souto Barreto P, Ader I, Andrieu S, Casteilla L, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Guyonnet S, Langin D, Liblau R, Parini A, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Rolland Y, Vellas B. Revisiting the Hallmarks of Aging to Identify Markers of Biological Age. J Prev Alzheimers Dis 2021; 7:56-64. [PMID: 32010927 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2019.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Geroscience aims at a better understanding of the biological processes of aging, to prevent and/or delay the onset of chronic diseases and disability as well as to reduce the severity of these adverse clinical outcomes. Geroscience thus open up new perspectives of care to live a healthy aging, that is to say without dependency. To date, life expectancy in healthy aging is not increasing as fast as lifespan. The identification of biomarkers of aging is critical to predict adverse outcomes during aging, to implement interventions to reduce them, and to monitor the response to these interventions. In this narrative review, we gathered information about biomarkers of aging under the perspective of Geroscience. Based on the current literature, for each hallmark of biological aging, we proposed a putative biomarker of healthy aging, chosen for their association with mortality, age-related chronic diseases, frailty and/or functional loss. We also discussed how they could be validated as useful predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Guerville
- Florent Guerville, Institut du Vieillissement, Gérontopôle de Toulouse, 37 allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. , Tel: 0033561145664. Fax: 0033561145640
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12
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Amé P, Dumortier H, Espéli M, Milpied P, Fazilleau N. The "French Germinal Center Club" of the French Society for Immunology: a dynamic collaboration between researchers passionate about the germinal center reaction. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:270-271. [PMID: 33544897 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202170025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Amé
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), 24 bd du Montparnasse, Paris, 75015, France.,INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang, LabEx IGO, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35043, France
| | - Hélène Dumortier
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), 24 bd du Montparnasse, Paris, 75015, France.,CNRS UPR3572, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 2 Allée Konrad Roentgen, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), 24 bd du Montparnasse, Paris, 75015, France.,Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Pierre Milpied
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), 24 bd du Montparnasse, Paris, 75015, France.,Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), 24 bd du Montparnasse, Paris, 75015, France.,Infinity-Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France
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13
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Baumjohann D, Fazilleau N. Antigen-dependent multistep differentiation of T follicular helper cells and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1325-1333. [PMID: 33788271 PMCID: PMC8250352 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play an essential role in regulating the GC reaction and, consequently, the generation of high‐affinity antibodies and memory B cells. Therefore, Tfh cells are critical for potent humoral immune responses against various pathogens and their dysregulation has been linked to autoimmunity and cancer. Tfh cell differentiation is a multistep process, in which cognate interactions with different APC types, costimulatory and coinhibitory pathways, as well as cytokines are involved. However, it is still not fully understood how a subset of activated CD4+ T cells begins to express the Tfh cell‐defining chemokine receptor CXCR5 during the early stage of the immune response, how some CXCR5+ pre‐Tfh cells enter the B‐cell follicles and mature further into GC Tfh cells, and how Tfh cells are maintained in the memory compartment. In this review, we discuss recent advances on how antigen and cognate interactions are important for Tfh cell differentiation and long‐term persistence of Tfh cell memory, and how this is relevant to the current understanding of COVID‐19 pathogenesis and the development of potent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Baumjohann
- Medical Clinic III for Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, U1291, France.,French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), Paris, France
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14
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Martinez F, Novarino J, Mejía JE, Fazilleau N, Aloulou M. Ageing of T-dependent B cell responses. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:97-103. [PMID: 33811941 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human immune system is in continuous interaction with environmental factors (pathogens, exercise, stress, pollutants, diet, vaccines, and therapeutics) that condition its efficiency by promoting or moderating multiple immune mechanisms. While the deleterious impact of external factors can be avoided or limited, the immune system itself grows weaker with age. Immune cells persist in the elderly, and the observed decline of cellular immunity is related to cellular senescence. Immunosenescence, which affects both T and B cells, erodes lymphocyte-dependent responses to vaccines and pathogens. Germinal centers (GCs), the organized lymphoid structures where B cells engage in affinity maturation, are regulated by follicular helper (Tfh) and follicular regulatory (Tfr) T cells, the major T cell components of GCs. This review discusses how age-related changes affect Tfh and Tfr cells as key components of B cell immunity, and how they ultimately shape the response of the ageing immune system to vaccines and infectious challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Martinez
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1291, CNRS U5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Novarino
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1291, CNRS U5051, Toulouse, France
| | - José Enrique Mejía
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1291, CNRS U5051, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1291, CNRS U5051, Toulouse, France.
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- Infinity, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, Inserm U1291, CNRS U5051, Toulouse, France.
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15
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Diallo K, Simons N, Sayegh S, Baron M, Degboé Y, Boyer JF, Kruglov A, Nedospasov S, Novarino J, Aloulou M, Fazilleau N, Constantin A, Cantagrel A, Davignon JL, Rauwel B. Evidence for tmTNF reverse signaling in vivo: Implications for an arginase-1-mediated therapeutic effect of TNF inhibitors during inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:102331. [PMID: 33889824 PMCID: PMC8050384 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ascertain the significance of transmembrane tumor necrosis factor (tmTNF) reverse signaling in vivo, we generated a triple transgenic mouse model (3TG, TNFR1−/−, TNFR2−/−, and tmTNFKI/KI) in which all canonical tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling was abolished. In bone-marrow-derived macrophages harvested from these mice, various anti-TNF biologics induced the expression of genes characteristic of alternative macrophages and also inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mainly through the upregulation of arginase-1. Injections of TNF inhibitors during arthritis increased pro-resolutive markers in bone marrow precursors and joint cells leading to a decrease in arthritis score. These results demonstrate that the binding of anti-TNF biologics to tmTNF results in decreased arthritis severity. Collectively, our data provide evidence for the significance of tmTNF reverse signaling in the modulation of arthritis. They suggest a complementary interpretation of anti-TNF biologics effects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and pave the way to studies focused on new arginase-1-dependent therapeutic targets. In vivo demonstration of tmTNF reverses signaling existence tmTNF reverse signaling induces anti-oxidative stress response tmTNF reverse signaling induces an arginase-1-mediated anti-inflammatory response Reverse signaling is a complementary mechanism to TNF neutralization by anti-TNF
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Diallo
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Numa Simons
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Souraya Sayegh
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Baron
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Degboé
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Andrey Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute Berlin 10117, Germany.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Julien Novarino
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Constantin
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Cantagrel
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Rhumatologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Rauwel
- INFINITy, Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM U1291, CNRS U5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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16
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Guyonnet S, Rolland Y, Takeda C, Ousset PJ, Ader I, Davezac N, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gourdy P, Liblau R, Parini A, Payoux P, Pénicaud L, Rampon C, Valet P, Vergnolle N, Andrieu S, de Souto Barreto P, Casteilla L, Vellas B. The INSPIRE Bio-Resource Research Platform for Healthy Aging and Geroscience: Focus on the Human Translational Research Cohort (The INSPIRE-T Cohort). J Frailty Aging 2021; 10:110-120. [PMID: 33575699 PMCID: PMC7352084 DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Geroscience field focuses on the core biological mechanisms of aging, which are involved in the onset of age-related diseases, as well as declines in intrinsic capacity (IC) (body functions) leading to dependency. A better understanding on how to measure the true age of an individual or biological aging is an essential step that may lead to the definition of putative markers capable of predicting healthy aging. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the INStitute for Prevention healthy agIng and medicine Rejuvenative (INSPIRE) Platform initiative is to build a program for Geroscience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the health care system. The specific aim of the INSPIRE human translational cohort (INSPIRE-T cohort) is to gather clinical, digital and imaging data, and perform relevant and extensive biobanking to allow basic and translational research on humans. METHODS The INSPIRE-T cohort consists in a population study comprising 1000 individuals in Toulouse and surrounding areas (France) of different ages (20 years or over - no upper limit for age) and functional capacity levels (from robustness to frailty, and even dependency) with follow-up over 10 years. Diversified data are collected annually in research facilities or at home according to standardized procedures. Between two annual visits, IC domains are monitored every 4-month by using the ICOPE Monitor app developed in collaboration with WHO. Once IC decline is confirmed, participants will have a clinical assessment and blood sampling to investigate markers of aging at the time IC declines are detected. Biospecimens include blood, urine, saliva, and dental plaque that are collected from all subjects at baseline and then, annually. Nasopharyngeal swabs and cutaneous surface samples are collected in a large subgroup of subjects every two years. Feces, hair bulb and skin biopsy are collected optionally at the baseline visit and will be performed again during the longitudinal follow up. EXPECTED RESULTS Recruitment started on October 2019 and is expected to last for two years. Bio-resources collected and explored in the INSPIRE-T cohort will be available for academic and industry partners aiming to identify robust (set of) markers of aging, age-related diseases and IC evolution that could be pharmacologically or non-pharmacologically targetable. The INSPIRE-T will also aim to develop an integrative approach to explore the use of innovative technologies and a new, function and person-centered health care pathway that will promote a healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guyonnet
- Sophie Guyonnet, Inserm UMR 1027, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Gérontopôle, Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France,
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17
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Webb LMC, Fra‐Bido S, Innocentin S, Matheson LS, Attaf N, Bignon A, Novarino J, Fazilleau N, Linterman MA. Ageing promotes early T follicular helper cell differentiation by modulating expression of RBPJ. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13295. [PMID: 33387451 PMCID: PMC7811847 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing profoundly changes our immune system and is thought to be a driving factor in the morbidity and mortality associated with infectious disease in older people. We have previously shown that the impaired immunity to vaccination that occurs in aged individuals is partly attributed to the effect of age on T follicular helper (Tfh) cell formation. In this study, we examined how age intrinsically affects Tfh cell formation in both mice and humans. We show increased formation of Tfh precursors (pre-Tfh) but no associated increase in germinal centre (GC)-Tfh cells in aged mice, suggesting age-driven promotion of only early Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, we show that ageing alters TCR signalling which drives expression of the Notch-associated transcription factor, RBPJ. Genetic or chemical modulation of RBPJ or Notch rescues this age-associated early Tfh cell differentiation, and increased intrinsic Notch activity recapitulates this phenomenon in younger mice. Our data offer mechanistic insight into the age-induced changes in T-cell activation that affects the differentiation and ultimately the function of effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise M. C. Webb
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteBabrahamUK
| | - Sigrid Fra‐Bido
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteBabrahamUK
| | - Silvia Innocentin
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteBabrahamUK
| | - Louise S. Matheson
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteBabrahamUK
| | - Noudjoud Attaf
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity)Inserm U1291University of ToulouseToulouse, FCNRS U5282France
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and DevelopmentBabraham InstituteBabrahamUK
| | - Julien Novarino
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity)Inserm U1291University of ToulouseToulouse, FCNRS U5282France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity)Inserm U1291University of ToulouseToulouse, FCNRS U5282France
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18
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Briand F, Heymes C, Bonada L, Angles T, Charpentier J, Branchereau M, Brousseau E, Quinsat M, Fazilleau N, Burcelin R, Sulpice T. A 3-week nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model shows elafibranor benefits on hepatic inflammation and cell death. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:529-538. [PMID: 31981449 PMCID: PMC7214663 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The long duration of animal models represents a clear limitation to quickly evaluate the efficacy of drugs targeting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We, therefore, developed a rapid mouse model of liver inflammation (i.e., the mouse fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, where cyclodextrin is co-administered to favor hepatic cholesterol loading, liver inflammation, and NASH within 3 weeks), and evaluated the effects of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonist elafibranor (ELA). C57BL6/J mice were fed a 60% high-fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid diet with 2% cyclodextrin in drinking water (HFCC/CDX diet) for 3 weeks. After 1 week of the diet, mice were treated orally with vehicle or ELA 20 mg/kg q.d. for 2 weeks. Compared with vehicle, ELA markedly reduced liver lipids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scoring, through steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis (all P < 0.01 vs. vehicle). Flow cytometry analysis showed that ELA significantly improved the HFCC/CDX diet-induced liver inflammation by preventing the increase in total number of immune cells (CD45+), Kupffer cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes population, as well as the reduction in natural killer and natural killer T cells, and by blocking conversion of T cells in regulatory T cells. ELA did not alter pyroptosis (Gasdermin D), but significantly reduced necroptosis (cleaved RIP3) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase 3) in the liver. In conclusion, ELA showed strong benefits on NASH, including improvement in hepatic inflammation, necroptosis, and apoptosis in the 3-week NASH mouse. This preclinical model will be useful to rapidly detect the effects of novel drugs targeting NASH.
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Santin Y, Lopez S, Ader I, Andrieu S, Blanchard N, Carrière A, Casteilla L, Cousin B, Davezac N, De Souto Barreto P, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Gourdy P, Guyonnet S, Jabrane-Ferrat N, Kunduzova O, Lezoualc’h F, Liblau R, Martinez L, Moro C, Payoux P, Pénicaud L, Planat-Bénard V, Rampon C, Rolland Y, Schanstra JP, Sierra F, Valet P, Varin A, Vergnolle N, Vellas B, Viña J, Guiard B, Parini A. Towards a large-scale assessment of the relationship between biological and chronological aging: The INSPIRE Mouse Cohort. J Frailty Aging 2020; 10:121-131. [DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for the development of chronic diseases. After decades of research focused on extending lifespan, current efforts seek primarily to promote healthy aging. Recent advances suggest that biological processes linked to aging are more reliable than chronological age to account for an individual’s functional status, i.e. frail or robust. It is becoming increasingly apparent that biological aging may be detectable as a progressive loss of resilience much earlier than the appearance of clinical signs of frailty. In this context, the INSPIRE program was built to identify the mechanisms of accelerated aging and the early biological signs predicting frailty and pathological aging. To address this issue, we designed a cohort of outbred Swiss mice (1576 male and female mice) in which we will continuously monitor spontaneous and voluntary physical activity from 6 to 24 months of age under either normal or high fat/high sucrose diet. At different age points (6, 12, 18, 24 months), multiorgan functional phenotyping will be carried out to identify early signs of organ dysfunction and generate a large biological fluids/feces/organs biobank (100,000 samples). A comprehensive correlation between functional and biological phenotypes will be assessed to determine: 1) the early signs of biological aging and their relationship with chronological age; 2) the role of dietary and exercise interventions on accelerating or decelerating the rate of biological aging; and 3) novel targets for the promotion of healthy aging. All the functional and omics data, as well as the biobank generated in the framework of the INSPIRE cohort will be available to the aging scientific community. The present article describes the scientific background and the strategies employed for the design of the INSPIRE Mouse cohort.
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de Souto Barreto P, GUYONNET S, Ader I, Andrieu S, Casteilla L, Davezac N, Dray C, Fazilleau N, Gourdy P, Liblau R, Parini A, Payoux P, Pénicaud L, Rampon C, Rolland Y. The INSPIRE research initiative: a program for GeroScience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the healthcare system. J Frailty Aging 2020; 10:86-93. [DOI: 10.14283/jfa.2020.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for the onset of several chronic diseases and functional decline. Understanding the interplays between biological aging and the biology of diseases and functional loss as well as integrating a function-centered approach to the care pathway of older adults are crucial steps towards the elaboration of preventive strategies (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) against the onset and severity of burdensome chronic conditions during aging. In order to tackle these two crucial challenges, ie, how both the manipulation of biological aging and the implementation of a function-centered care pathway (the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) model of the World Health Organization) may contribute to the trajectories of healthy aging, a new initiative on Gerosciences was built: the INSPIRE research program. The present article describes the scientific background on which the foundations of the INSPIRE program have been constructed and provides the general lines of this initiative that involves researchers from basic and translational science, clinical gerontology, geriatrics and primary care, and public health.
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Aloulou M, Fazilleau N. Regulation of B cell responses by distinct populations of CD4 T cells. Biomed J 2019; 42:243-251. [PMID: 31627866 PMCID: PMC6818157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Maturation of B cells in Germinal Centers (GC) is a hallmark in adaptive immunity and the basis of successful vaccines that protect us against lethal infections. Nonetheless, vaccination efficacy is very much reduced in aged population and against highly mutagenic viruses. Therefore, it is key to understand how B cell selection takes place in GC in order to develop new and fully protective vaccines. The cellular mechanisms that control selection of GC B cells are performed by different T cell populations. On one side, cognate entanglement of B cells with T follicular helper (Tfh) cells through cytokines and co-stimulatory signals promotes survival, proliferation, mutagenesis and terminal differentiation of GC B cells. On the other hand, regulatory T cells have also been reported within GC and interfere with T cell help for antibody production. These cells have been classified as a distinct T cell sub-population called T Follicular regulatory cells (Tfr). In this review, we investigate the phenotype, function and differentiation of these two cell populations. In addition, based on the different functions of these cell subsets, we highlight the open questions surrounding their heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Aloulou
- Center for Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Center for Pathophysiology of Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France; CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
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22
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Maho-Vaillant M, Pérals C, Golinski M, Hébert V, Riou G, Boyer O, Viguier M, Calbo S, Fazilleau N, Joly P. 018 Evolution of autoreactive B and T cells in pemphigus patients with Rituximab or corticosteroida regimen treatment. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Bernard I, Sacquin A, Kassem S, Benamar M, Colacios C, Gador M, Pérals C, Fazilleau N, Saoudi A. A Natural Variant of the Signaling Molecule Vav1 Enhances Susceptibility to Myasthenia Gravis and Influences the T Cell Receptor Repertoire. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2399. [PMID: 30410484 PMCID: PMC6210741 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav1 is essential for transducing T cell receptor (TCR) signals and plays an important role in T cell development and activation. Previous genetic studies identified a natural variant of Vav1 characterized by the substitution of an arginine (R) residue by a tryptophane (W) at position 63 (Vav1R63W). This variant impacts Vav1 adaptor functions and controls susceptibility to T cell-mediated neuroinflammation. To assess the implication of this Vav1 variant on the susceptibility to antibody-mediated diseases, we used the animal model of myasthenia gravis, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). To this end, we generated a knock-in (KI) mouse model bearing a R to W substitution in the Vav1 gene (Vav1R63W) and immunized it with either torpedo acetylcholine receptor (tAChR) or the α146-162 immunodominant peptide. We observed that the Vav1R63W conferred increased susceptibility to EAMG, revealed by a higher AChR loss together with an increased production of effector cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17A, GM-CSF) by antigen-specific CD4+ T cells, as well as an increased frequency of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. This correlated with the emergence of a dominant antigen-specific T cell clone in KI mice that was not present in wild-type mice, suggesting an impact on thymic selection and/or a different clonal selection threshold following antigen encounter. Our results highlight the key role of Vav1 in the pathophysiology of EAMG and this was associated with an impact on the TCR repertoire of AChR reactive T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Bernard
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Sacquin
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sahar Kassem
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Colacios
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Pérals
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France
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24
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Fazilleau N, Aloulou M. Several Follicular Regulatory T Cell Subsets With Distinct Phenotype and Function Emerge During Germinal Center Reactions. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1792. [PMID: 30150980 PMCID: PMC6100207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient B cell immunity requires a dynamic equilibrium between positive and negative signals. In germinal centers (GCs), T follicular helper cells are supposed to be the positive regulator while T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells were assigned to be the negative regulators. Indeed, Tfr cells are considered as a homogenous cell population dedicated to dampen the GC extent. Moreover, Tfr cells prevent autoimmunity since their dysregulation leads to production of self-reactive antibodies (Ab). However, a growing corpus of evidence has revealed additional and unexpected functions for Tfr cells in the regulation of B cell responses. This review provides an overview of the Tfr cell contribution and presents Tfr cell proprieties in the context of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France.,CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,INSERM U1043, Toulouse, France.,CNRS UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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25
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Nguyen XH, Dauvilliers Y, Quériault C, Perals C, Romieu-Mourez R, Paulet PE, Bernard-Valnet R, Fazilleau N, Liblau R. Circulating follicular helper T cells exhibit reduced ICOS expression and impaired function in narcolepsy type 1 patients. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:134-142. [PMID: 30104107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite genetic and epidemiological evidence strongly supporting an autoimmune basis for narcolepsy type 1, the mechanisms involved have remained largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate whether the frequency and function of circulating follicular helper and follicular regulatory T cells are altered in narcolepsy type 1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 32 patients with narcolepsy type 1, including 11 who developed disease after Pandemrix® vaccination, and 32 age-, sex-, and HLA-DQB1*06:02-matched healthy individuals. The frequency and phenotype of the different circulating B cell and follicular T cell subsets were examined by flow cytometry. The function of follicular helper T cells was evaluated by assessing the differentiation of naïve and memory B cells in a co-culture assay. We revealed a notable increase in the frequency of circulating B cells and CD4+CXCR5+ follicular T cells in narcolepsy patients compared to age-, sex- and HLA-matched healthy controls. However, the inducible T-cell costimulator molecule, ICOS, was selectively down-regulated on follicular T cells from patients. Reduced frequency of activated ICOS+ and PD1high blood follicular T cells was also observed in the narcolepsy group. Importantly, follicular T cells isolated from patients with narcolepsy type 1 had a reduced capacity to drive the proliferation/survival and differentiation of memory B cells. Our results provide novel insights into the potential involvement of T cell-dependent B cell responses in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 in which down-regulation of ICOS expression on follicular helper T cells correlates with their reduced function. We hypothesize that these changes contribute to regulation of the deleterious autoimmune process after disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Quériault
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaelle Romieu-Mourez
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Paulet
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Bernard-Valnet
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland Liblau
- INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR, 5282, Toulouse III University, Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France; Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France.
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26
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Asrir A, Aloulou M, Gador M, Pérals C, Fazilleau N. Interconnected subsets of memory follicular helper T cells have different effector functions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:847. [PMID: 29018187 PMCID: PMC5635037 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells regulate high-affinity antibody production. Memory follicular helper T cells can be local in draining lymphoid organs and circulate in the blood, but the underlying mechanisms of this subdivision are unresolved. Here we show that both memory follicular helper T subsets sustain B-cell responses after reactivation. Local cells promote more plasma cell differentiation, whereas circulating cells promote more secondary germinal centers. In parallel, local memory B cells are homogeneous and programmed to become plasma cells, whereas circulating memory B cells are able to rediversify. Local memory follicular helper T cells have higher affinity T-cell receptors, which correlates with expression of peptide MHC-II at the surface of local memory B cells only. Blocking T-cell receptor–peptide MHC-II interactions induces the release of local memory follicular helper T cells in the circulating compartment. Our studies show that memory follicular helper T localization is highly intertwined with memory B cells, a finding that has important implications for vaccine design. Tfh cells can differentiate into memory cells. Here the authors describe distinct functional and phenotypic profiles of these memory Tfh cells dependent on their anatomical localization to the lymphoid organs or to the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Asrir
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,INSERM, U1043, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,INSERM, U1043, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Mylène Gador
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,INSERM, U1043, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Corine Pérals
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,INSERM, U1043, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,INSERM, U1043, BP 3028, 31024 Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31300, France.
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27
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Biajoux V, Natt J, Freitas C, Alouche N, Sacquin A, Hemon P, Gaudin F, Fazilleau N, Espéli M, Balabanian K. Efficient Plasma Cell Differentiation and Trafficking Require Cxcr4 Desensitization. Cell Rep 2016; 17:193-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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28
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Lucca LE, Axisa PP, Aloulou M, Perals C, Ramadan A, Rufas P, Kyewski B, Derbinski J, Fazilleau N, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces incomplete tolerance of CD4(+) T cells specific for both a myelin and a neuronal self-antigen in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2247-59. [PMID: 27334749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell polyspecificity, predicting that individual T cells recognize a continuum of related ligands, implies that multiple antigens can tolerize T cells specific for a given self-antigen. We previously showed in C57BL/6 mice that part of the CD4(+) T-cell repertoire specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 also recognizes the neuronal antigen neurofilament medium (NF-M) 15-35. Such bi-specific CD4(+) T cells are frequent and produce inflammatory cytokines after stimulation. Since T cells recognizing two self-antigens would be expected to be tolerized more efficiently, this finding prompted us to study how polyspecificity impacts tolerance. We found that similar to MOG, NF-M is expressed in the thymus by medullary thymic epithelial cells, a tolerogenic population. Nevertheless, the frequency, phenotype, and capacity to transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of MOG35-55 -reactive CD4(+) T cells were increased in MOG-deficient but not in NF-M-deficient mice. We found that presentation of NF-M15-35 by I-A(b) on dendritic cells is of short duration, suggesting unstable MHC class II binding. Consistently, introducing an MHC-anchoring residue into NF-M15-35 (NF-M15-35 T20Y) increased its immunogenicity, activating a repertoire able to induce EAE. Our results show that in C57BL/6 mice bi-specific encephalitogenic T cells manage to escape tolerization due to inefficient exposure to two self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Rufas
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Derbinski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France. .,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. .,CHU Toulouse, Département d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France.
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29
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Aloulou M, Carr EJ, Gador M, Bignon A, Liblau RS, Fazilleau N, Linterman MA. Follicular regulatory T cells can be specific for the immunizing antigen and derive from naive T cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10579. [PMID: 26818004 PMCID: PMC4738360 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a subset of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that form in response to immunization or infection, which localize to the germinal centre where they control the magnitude of the response. Despite an increased interest in the role of Tfr cells in humoral immunity, many fundamental aspects of their biology remain unknown, including whether they recognize self- or foreign antigen. Here we show that Tfr cells can be specific for the immunizing antigen, irrespective of whether it is a self- or foreign antigen. We show that, in addition to developing from thymic derived Treg cells, Tfr cells can also arise from Foxp3(-) precursors in a PD-L1-dependent manner, if the adjuvant used is one that supports T-cell plasticity. These findings have important implications for Tfr cell biology and for improving vaccine efficacy by formulating vaccines that modify the Tfr:Tfh cell ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Aloulou
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Edward J Carr
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mylène Gador
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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Garidou L, Pomié C, Klopp P, Waget A, Charpentier J, Aloulou M, Giry A, Serino M, Stenman L, Lahtinen S, Dray C, Iacovoni JS, Courtney M, Collet X, Amar J, Servant F, Lelouvier B, Valet P, Eberl G, Fazilleau N, Douin-Echinard V, Heymes C, Burcelin R. The Gut Microbiota Regulates Intestinal CD4 T Cells Expressing RORγt and Controls Metabolic Disease. Cell Metab 2015; 22:100-12. [PMID: 26154056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) induces metabolic disease and low-grade metabolic inflammation in response to changes in the intestinal microbiota through as-yet-unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that a HFD-derived ileum microbiota is responsible for a decrease in Th17 cells of the lamina propria in axenic colonized mice. The HFD also changed the expression profiles of intestinal antigen-presenting cells and their ability to generate Th17 cells in vitro. Consistent with these data, the metabolic phenotype was mimicked in RORγt-deficient mice, which lack IL17 and IL22 function, and in the adoptive transfer experiment of T cells from RORγt-deficient mice into Rag1-deficient mice. We conclude that the microbiota of the ileum regulates Th17 cell homeostasis in the small intestine and determines the outcome of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Garidou
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
| | - Céline Pomié
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Klopp
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Waget
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Charpentier
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Anaïs Giry
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Lotta Stenman
- Danisco Sweeteners Oy Sokeritehtaantie 20 FI-02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Sampo Lahtinen
- Danisco Sweeteners Oy Sokeritehtaantie 20 FI-02460 Kantvik, Finland
| | - Cedric Dray
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jason S Iacovoni
- Plateau de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, INSERM UMR1048, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Michael Courtney
- Vaiomer SAS, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-31670 Labège, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Amar
- Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Hôpital Rangueil, Département Thérapeutique, F-31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Servant
- Vaiomer SAS, 516 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-31670 Labège, France
| | | | - Philippe Valet
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Développement des Tissus Lymphoïdes, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, F-31300 Toulouse, France; CNRS, UMR5282, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Victorine Douin-Echinard
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Burcelin
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM U1048 F-31432 Toulouse, France; Université Paul Sabatier, F-31432 Toulouse, France.
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Viguier M, Bachelez H, Poirier B, Kagan J, Battistella M, Aubin F, Touzé A, Carmagnat M, Francès C, Gougeon M, Fazilleau N. Le lichen plan érosif est caractérisé par l’expansion locale et périphérique de lymphocytes T CD8+ spécifiques de HPV 16E711–20. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Serre L, Fazilleau N, Guerder S. Central tolerance spares the private high-avidity CD4(+) T-cell repertoire specific for an islet antigen in NOD mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1946-56. [PMID: 25884569 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although central tolerance induces the deletion of most autoreactive T cells, some autoreactive T cells escape thymic censorship. Whether potentially harmful autoreactive T cells present distinct TCRαβ features remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the TCRαβ repertoire of CD4(+) T cells specific for the S100β protein, an islet antigen associated with type 1 diabetes. We found that diabetes-resistant NOD mice deficient for thymus specific serine protease (TSSP), a protease that impairs class II antigen presentation by thymic stromal cells, were hyporesponsive to the immunodominant S100β1-15 epitope, as compared to wild-type NOD mice, due to intrathymic negative selection. In both TSSP-deficient and wild-type NOD mice, the TCRαβ repertoire of S100β-specific CD4(+) T cells though diverse showed a specific bias for dominant TCRα rearrangements with limited CDR3α diversity. These dominant TCRα chains were public since they were found in all mice. They were of intermediate- to low-avidity. In contrast, high-avidity T cells expressed unique TCRs specific to each individual (private TCRs) and were only found in wild-type NOD mice. Hence, in NOD mice, the autoreactive CD4(+) T-cell compartment has two major components, a dominant and public low-avidity TCRα repertoire and a private high-avidity CD4(+) T-cell repertoire; the latter is deleted by re-enforced negative selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Serre
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Guerder
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,CNRS, UMR5282, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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33
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Chakarov S, Fazilleau N. Tracking by flow cytometry antigen-specific follicular helper T cells in wild-type animals after protein vaccination. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1291:39-47. [PMID: 25836300 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2498-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is a valuable technology used in immunology to characterize and enumerate the different cell subpopulations specific for a nonself-antigen in the context of an ongoing immune response. Among them, follicular helper T cells are the cognate regulators of B cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Thus, tracking them is of high interest especially in the context of protein vaccination. For this purpose, transgenic antigen-receptor mouse models have been largely used. It is now clear that transgenic models are not always the best means to study the dynamics of the immune response since they can modify the response. In this chapter, we describe how to track endogenous antigen-specific follicular helper T cells by flow cytometry after protein vaccination in nonmodified wild-type animals, which ultimately provides a comprehensive way to enumerate, characterize, and isolate these particular cells in vivo.
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Abstract
To be effective, protein priming must induce the development of a distinct lineage of CD4+ T cells named T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which regulate the differentiation of high-affinity memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. In this context, we tested how adjuvantation with CpG, the Toll-like receptor 9 agonist used in clinics, contributes to antigen-specific T-cell-dependent B-cell responses in vivo. We found that addition of CpG to other vaccine adjuvant increased the differentiation of antigen-specific Tfh cells without changing the overall magnitude of the T-cell response. This phenomenon correlated with an enhancement of the germinal centre reaction, antigen-specific plasma cells and circulating antibodies. We comprehensively demonstrated that, in addition to the classical Tfh-cell differentiation mediated by conventional DC, the promoting effect due to CpG was orchestrated in vivo by antigen presentation and IL-6 secreted by monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) as shown in their absence. Thus, while conventional DC initiate T-cell responses, targeting monocyte-derived DC specifically enhances the Tfh programme needed to regulate high-affinity B-cell protection in vivo.
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35
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Viguier M, Bachelez H, Poirier B, Kagan J, Battistella M, Aubin F, Touzé A, Carmagnat M, Francès C, Gougeon ML, Fazilleau N. HPV16 est-il un des agents étiologiques du lichen plan érosif ? Mise en évidence d’expansions lymphocytaires T CD8+ clonales périphériques et locales spécifiques d’HPV16 E711-20 au cours de la maladie. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2014.09.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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37
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Pomié C, Vicente R, Vuddamalay Y, Lundgren BA, van der Hoek M, Enault G, Kagan J, Fazilleau N, Scott HS, Romagnoli P, van Meerwijk JPM. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE)-deficient CD8+CD28low regulatory T lymphocytes fail to control experimental colitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:12437-42. [PMID: 21746930 PMCID: PMC3145727 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1107136108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor autoimmune regulator (AIRE) are responsible for autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy syndrome. AIRE directs expression of tissue-restricted antigens in the thymic medulla and in lymph node stromal cells and thereby substantially contributes to induction of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Data from experimental mouse models showed that AIRE deficiency leads to impaired deletion of autospecific T-cell precursors. However, a potential role for AIRE in the function of regulatory T-cell populations, which are known to play a central role in prevention of immunopathology, has remained elusive. Regulatory T cells of CD8(+)CD28(low) phenotype efficiently control immune responses in experimental autoimmune and colitis models in mice. Here we show that CD8(+)CD28(low) regulatory T lymphocytes from AIRE-deficient mice are transcriptionally and phenotypically normal and exert efficient suppression of in vitro immune responses, but completely fail to prevent experimental colitis in vivo. Our data therefore demonstrate that AIRE plays an important role in the in vivo function of a naturally occurring regulatory T-cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Pomié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Rita Vicente
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Yirajen Vuddamalay
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Brita Ardesjö Lundgren
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Mark van der Hoek
- Adelaide Microarray Centre, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Geneviève Enault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Jérémy Kagan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; and
| | - Paola Romagnoli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Joost P. M. van Meerwijk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse F-31300, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris F-75000, France
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Viret C, Lamare C, Guiraud M, Fazilleau N, Bour A, Malissen B, Carrier A, Guerder S. Thymus-specific serine protease contributes to the diversification of the functional endogenous CD4 T cell receptor repertoire. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 208:3-11. [PMID: 21173102 PMCID: PMC3023141 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thymus-specific serine protease expression in stromal as well as hematopoietic cells in the thymus is needed for diversification of the endogenous repertoire of TCRs specific for a particular protein antigen. Thymus-specific serine protease (TSSP) is a novel protease that may contribute to the generation of the peptide repertoire presented by MHC class II molecules in the thymus. Although TSSP deficiency has no quantitative impact on the development of CD4 T cells expressing a polyclonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, the development of CD4 T cells expressing the OTII and Marilyn transgenic TCRs is impaired in TSSP-deficient mice. In this study, we assess the role of TSSP in shaping the functional endogenous polyclonal CD4 T cell repertoire by analyzing the response of TSSP-deficient mice to several protein antigens (Ags). Although TSSP-deficient mice responded normally to most of the Ags tested, they responded poorly to hen egg lysozyme (HEL). The impaired CD4 T cell response of TSSP-deficient mice to HEL correlated with significant alteration of the dominant TCR-β chain repertoire expressed by HEL-specific CD4 T cells, suggesting that TSSP is necessary for the intrathymic development of cells expressing these TCRs. Thus, TSSP contributes to the diversification of the functional endogenous CD4 T cell TCR repertoire in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Viret
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 563, F-31300 Toulouse, France
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Milner JD, Fazilleau N, McHeyzer-Williams M, Paul W. Cutting edge: lack of high affinity competition for peptide in polyclonal CD4+ responses unmasks IL-4 production. J Immunol 2010; 184:6569-73. [PMID: 20495070 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Priming of naive monoclonal CD4 T cells via weak agonsim permits GATA-3 transcription and Th2 differentiation. To test whether this process can occur in polyclonal naive populations, where a range of TCR affinities exists for any given Ag/MHC complex, we primed naive CD4 cells from 5CC7 Vbeta3 transgenic mice, which have a fixed beta-chain specific for pigeon cytochrome c peptide I-Ek. Priming populations de-pleted of higher affinity, moth cytochrome c pep-tide I-Ek tetramer-binding cells resulted in substantial IL-4 production that did not occur in the presence of higher affinity cells. TCRalpha-chain sequence analysis showed that clones that possessed TCR features associated with high affinity responses to pigeon cytochrome c made less IL-4 than clones that possessed fewer such motifs. These results indicate that cells bearing TCRs that are weakly stimulated by their cognate Ag preferentially adopt a Th2 phenotype when primed in the absence of competition from cells with higher affinity receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Milner
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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41
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McHeyzer-Williams LJ, Pelletier N, Mark L, Fazilleau N, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Follicular helper T cells as cognate regulators of B cell immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:266-73. [PMID: 19502021 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Follicular helper T (T(FH)) cells are a class of helper T cells specialized in the cognate control of antigen-specific B cell immunity. Upon first contact with antigen-primed B cells, pregerminal center effector T(FH) cells promote B cell clonal expansion, antibody isotype switch, plasma cell differentiation, and the induction of germinal centers. By contrast, within germinal centers, T(FH) cells regulate the fate of antigen-specific GC B cells expressing high-affinity variant B cell receptors to promote memory B cell and long-lived plasma cell development. Recent studies unravel multiple signals controlling T(FH) development and functional subtypes of antigen-specific T(FH) cells, including memory T(FH) cells that accelerate memory B cell responses to antigen rechallenge in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J McHeyzer-Williams
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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42
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Abstract
Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are the class of effector T helper cells that regulates the step-wise development of antigen-specific B cell immunity in vivo. Deployment of CXCR5+ Tfh cells to B cell zones of lymphoid tissues and stable cognate interactions with B cells are central to the delivery of antigen-specific Tfh cell function. Here, we review recent advances that have helped to unravel distinctive elements of developmental programming for Tfh cells and unique effector Tfh cell functions focused on antigen-primed B cells. Understanding the regulatory functions of Tfh cells in the germinal center and the subsequent regulation of memory B cell responses to antigen recall represent the frontiers of this research area with the potential to alter fundamentally the design of future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Malherbe L, Mark L, Fazilleau N, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Vaccine adjuvants alter TCR-based selection thresholds. Immunity 2008; 28:698-709. [PMID: 18450485 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
How T cell receptor (TCR) specificity evolves in vivo after protein vaccination is central to the development of helper T (Th) cell function. Most models of clonal selection in the Th cell compartment favor TCR affinity-based thresholds. Here, we demonstrated that depot-forming vaccine adjuvants did not require Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists to induce clonal dominance in antigen-specific Th cell responses. However, readily dispersible adjuvants using TLR-9 and TLR-4 agonists skewed TCR repertoire usage by increasing TCR selection thresholds and enhancing antigen-specific clonal expansion. In this manner, vaccine adjuvants control the local accumulation of Th cells expressing TCR with the highest peptide MHC class II binding. Clonal composition was altered by mechanisms that blocked the local propagation of clonotypes independently of antigen dose and not as a consequence of interclonal competition. This capacity of adjuvants to modify antigen-specific Th cell clonal composition has fundamental implications for the design of future protein subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Malherbe
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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44
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Fazilleau N, Bachelez H, Gougeon ML, Viguier M. Cutting edge: size and diversity of CD4+CD25high Foxp3+ regulatory T cell repertoire in humans: evidence for similarities and partial overlapping with CD4+CD25- T cells. J Immunol 2007; 179:3412-6. [PMID: 17785774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.6.3412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both differentiation and function of CD4+CD25(high) naturally arising regulatory T cells (Treg), which play a key role in the control of autoimmunity, are thought to depend on TCR specificity. In the present study, we comparatively measured the alphabetaTCR repertoire sizes of human peripheral blood Treg and CD4+CD25- T cells by using a methodology based on PCR amplification and sequencing analysis. We show that Treg use a large unrestricted alphabeta TCR repertoire, the size and diversity of which are closely similar to those of CD4+CD25- T cells, with a mean estimated size of 3.5 x 10(6) distinct alphabeta TCR vs 4.7 x 10(6) distinct alphabetaTCR for CD4+CD25- T cells. In addition, a 24% overlap between the repertoires of these two CD4+ subsets in the periphery is found. These data emphasize the intersection between naturally occurring Treg and effector T cell peripheral repertoires and provide new insights into the ontogeny of Treg in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Cell Separation
- Cell Size
- Clone Cells
- Cloning, Molecular
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Immunité Anti-virale, Biothérapie et Vaccins, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U668, Institut Pasteur, France.
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45
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Fazilleau N, Eisenbraun MD, Malherbe L, Ebright JN, Pogue-Caley RR, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory T helper cells. Nat Immunol 2007; 8:753-61. [PMID: 17529982 DOI: 10.1038/ni1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
How vaccines control the development of antigen-specific effector and memory T helper cells is central to protective immunity but remains poorly understood. Here we found that protein vaccination selected high-affinity, CXCR5+ICOS(hi) follicular B-helper T cells (T(FH) cells) that developed in draining lymphoid tissue to regulate B cell responses. In the memory phase, reservoirs of antigen-specific CXCR5+ICOS(lo) T(FH) cells persisted with less effector activity but accelerated antigen-recall ability. This new compartment of memory T(FH) cells was retained in draining lymphoid sites with antigen-specific memory B cells, persistent complexes of peptide and major histocompatibility complex class II and continued expression of CD69. Thus, protein vaccination promotes B cell immunity by selecting high-affinity effector T(FH) cells and creating lymphoid reservoirs of antigen-specific memory T(FH) cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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46
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Fazilleau N, Delarasse C, Motta I, Fillatreau S, Gougeon ML, Kourilsky P, Pham-Dinh D, Kanellopoulos JM. T cell repertoire diversity is required for relapses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 2007; 178:4865-75. [PMID: 17404267 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of TCRalphabeta repertoires of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T lymphocytes in C57BL/6 and TdT-deficient littermates (TdT(-/-)) generated during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) highlights a link between a diversified TCRalphabeta repertoire and EAE relapses. At the onset of the disease, the EAE-severity is identical in TdT(+/-) and TdT(-/-) mice and the neuropathologic public MOG-specific T cell repertoires express closely similar public Valpha-Jalpha and Vbeta-Jbeta rearrangements in both strains. However, whereas TdT(+/+) and TdT(+/-) mice undergo successive EAE relapses, TdT(-/-) mice recover definitively and the lack of relapses does not stem from dominant regulatory mechanisms. During the first relapse of the disease in TdT(+/-) mice, new public Valpha-Jalpha and Vbeta-Jbeta rearrangements emerge that are distinct from those detected at the onset of the disease. Most of these rearrangements contain N additions and are found in CNS-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Furthermore, CD4(+) T splenocytes bearing these rearrangements proliferate to the immunodominant epitope of MOG and not to other immunodominant epitopes of proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein autoantigens, excluding epitope spreading to these myelin proteins. Thus, in addition to epitope spreading, a novel mechanism involving TCRalphabeta repertoire diversification contributes to autoimmune progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 277, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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47
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Fazilleau N, McHeyzer-Williams LJ, McHeyzer-Williams MG. Local development of effector and memory T helper cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2007; 19:259-67. [PMID: 17420119 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clonal evolution underpins all facets of adaptive immunity. In particular, antigen-specific helper T (Th) cell development is central to high-affinity B cell immunity and protective vaccination. Dendritic cell maturation and TCR affinity-based selection mechanisms control the recruitment and effective propagation of preferred antigen-specific Th cell cohorts in local lymphoid tissue. Importantly, follicular B helper T (T(FH)) cells emerge as the specialized local effector Th cells that orchestrate the stepwise development of B cell immunity in these local environments. Recent studies also introduce the role of persistent antigen in the development of effector Th cells with evidence for long-term antigen depots that might contribute to local antigen-specific Th cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fazilleau
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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48
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Fazilleau N, Delarasse C, Sweenie CH, Anderton SM, Fillatreau S, Lemonnier FA, Pham-Dinh D, Kanellopoulos JM. Persistence of autoreactive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-specific T cell repertoires in MOG-expressing mice. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:533-43. [PMID: 16506290 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an experimental murine model for multiple sclerosis, is induced by stimulation of myelin-specific T lymphocytes. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a minor component of myelin proteins, is a potent autoantigen which contributes extensively to the anti-myelin response. In the present work, immunoscope analyses and sequencing of the oligoclonal expansions revealed anti-MOG Valpha and Vbeta public repertoires in lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS of wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, a subset of CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes bearing the public Vbeta8.2 segment have an inflammatory phenotype strongly suggesting that it is encephalitogenic. We then observed that, in lymph node cells of MOG-deficient and WT animals, the Valpha and Vbeta public repertoires expressed by MOG-specific T cells are identical in both strains of mice and correspond to those found in the CNS of WT animals. These findings indicate that the MOG immunodominant determinant is unable to induce tolerance by deletion, and public anti-MOG T cell repertoires are selected for, regardless of the presence of MOG in the thymus and peripheral organs.
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49
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Viguier M, Fazilleau N, Oro S, Farhi D, Guyot A, Rabian C, Gougeon M, Frances C, Bachelez H. C15 - Caractérisation et suivi des populations lymphocytaires effectrices et régulatrices chez les malades atteints de lichen plan érosif buccal traités par photochimiothérapie extracorporelle. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0151-9638(05)79636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Rohrlich PS, Fazilleau N, Ginhoux F, Firat H, Michel F, Cochet M, Laham N, Roth MP, Pascolo S, Nato F, Coppin H, Charneau P, Danos O, Acuto O, Ehrlich R, Kanellopoulos J, Lemonnier FA. Direct recognition by alphabeta cytolytic T cells of Hfe, a MHC class Ib molecule without antigen-presenting function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:12855-60. [PMID: 16123136 PMCID: PMC1200262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502309102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic analysis of human Hfe has documented an overall structure similar to classical (class Ia) MHC molecules with a peptide binding groove deprived of ligand. Thus, to address the question of whether alphabeta T cells could recognize MHC molecules independently of bound ligands, we studied human and mouse Hfe interactions with T lymphocytes. We provide formal evidence of direct cytolytic recognition of human Hfe by mouse alphabeta T cell receptors (TCR) in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice and that this interaction results in ZAP-70 phosphorylation. Furthermore, direct recognition of mouse Hfe molecules by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was demonstrated in DBA/2 Hfe knockout mice. These CTLs express predominantly two T cell antigen receptor alpha variable gene segments (AV6.1 and AV6.6). Interestingly, in wild-type mice we identified a subset of CD8+ T cells positively selected by Hfe that expresses the AV6.1/AV6.6 gene segments. T cell antigen receptor recognition of MHC molecules independently of bound ligand has potential general implications in alloreactivity and identifies in the Hfe case a cognitive link supporting the concept that the immune system could be involved in the control of iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre S Rohrlich
- Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
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