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Abstract
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a chronic sleep disorder resulting from the loss of a small population of hypothalamic neurons that produce wake-promoting hypocretin (HCRT; also known as orexin) peptides. An immune-mediated pathology for NT1 has long been suspected given its exceptionally tight association with the MHC class II allele HLA-DQB1*06:02, as well as recent genetic evidence showing associations with polymorphisms of T cell receptor genes and other immune-relevant loci and the increased incidence of NT1 that has been observed after vaccination with the influenza vaccine Pandemrix. The search for both self-antigens and foreign antigens recognized by the pathogenic T cell response in NT1 is ongoing. Increased T cell reactivity against HCRT has been consistently reported in patients with NT1, but data demonstrating a primary role for T cells in neuronal destruction are currently lacking. Animal models are providing clues regarding the roles of autoreactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the disease. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of NT1 will allow for the development of targeted immunotherapies at disease onset and could serve as a model for other immune-mediated neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland S Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France.
- Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Birgitte R Kornum
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel J Mignot
- Stanford University, Center for Narcolepsy, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Gonzalez-Fierro C, Fonte C, Dufourd E, Cazaentre V, Aydin S, Engelhardt B, Caspi RR, Xu B, Martin-Blondel G, Spicer JA, Trapani JA, Bauer J, Liblau RS, Bost C. Effects of a Small-Molecule Perforin Inhibitor in a Mouse Model of CD8 T Cell-Mediated Neuroinflammation. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:e200117. [PMID: 37080596 PMCID: PMC10119812 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Alteration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the interface between blood and CNS parenchyma is prominent in most neuroinflammatory diseases. In several neurologic diseases, including cerebral malaria and Susac syndrome, a CD8 T cell-mediated targeting of endothelial cells of the BBB (BBB-ECs) has been implicated in pathogenesis. METHODS In this study, we used an experimental mouse model to evaluate the ability of a small-molecule perforin inhibitor to prevent neuroinflammation resulting from cytotoxic CD8 T cell-mediated damage of BBB-ECs. RESULTS Using an in vitro coculture system, we first identified perforin as an essential molecule for killing of BBB-ECs by CD8 T cells. We then found that short-term pharmacologic inhibition of perforin commencing after disease onset restored motor function and inhibited the neuropathology. Perforin inhibition resulted in preserved BBB-EC viability, maintenance of the BBB, and reduced CD8 T-cell accumulation in the brain and retina. DISCUSSION Therefore, perforin-dependent cytotoxicity plays a key role in the death of BBB-ECs inflicted by autoreactive CD8 T cells in a preclinical model and potentially represents a therapeutic target for CD8 T cell-mediated neuroinflammatory diseases, such as cerebral malaria and Susac syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gonzalez-Fierro
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Coralie Fonte
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Eloïse Dufourd
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Vincent Cazaentre
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Sidar Aydin
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Biying Xu
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Julie A Spicer
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France.
| | - Chloé Bost
- From the Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity) (C.G.-F., C.F., E.D., V.C., G.M.-B., R.S.L., C.B.), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France; Theodor Kocher Institute (S.A., B.E.), University of Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory of Immunology (R.R.C., B.X.), National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (J.A.S.), Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand; Cancer Immunology Program (J.A.T.), Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (J.A.T.), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L., C.B.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
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3
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Geeraerts T, Guilbeau-Frugier C, Garcia C, Memier V, Raposo N, Bonneville F, Gales C, Darcourt J, Voisin S, Ribes A, Piel-Julian M, Bounes F, Albucher JF, Roux FE, Izopet J, Telmon N, Olivot JM, Sié P, Bauer J, Payrastre B, Liblau RS. Immunohistologic Features of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2023; 10:10/4/e200127. [PMID: 37236806 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), a recently described entity characterized by thrombosis at unusual locations such as cerebral venous sinus and splanchnic vein, has been rarely described after adenoviral-encoded COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we report the immunohistological correlates in 3 fatal cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT analyzed at an academic medical center. METHODS Detailed neuropathologic studies were performed in 3 cases of cerebral venous thrombosis related to VITT after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS Autopsy revealed extensive cerebral vein thrombosis in all 3 cases. Polarized thrombi were observed with a high density of neutrophils in the core and a low density in the tail. Endothelial cells adjacent to the thrombus were largely destroyed. Markers of neutrophil extracellular trap and complement activation were present at the border and within the cerebral vein thrombi. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was detected within the thrombus and in the adjacent vessel wall. DISCUSSION Data indicate that neutrophils and complement activation associated with antispike immunity triggered by the vaccine is probably involved in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Geeraerts
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Céline Guilbeau-Frugier
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Cédric Garcia
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Vincent Memier
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Nicolas Raposo
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Fabrice Bonneville
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Céline Gales
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jean Darcourt
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Sophie Voisin
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Agnès Ribes
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Marie Piel-Julian
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Fanny Bounes
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jean François Albucher
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Franck-Emmanuel Roux
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jean Marc Olivot
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Pierre Sié
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care (T.G., F. Bounes); Department of Forensic Medicine (C.G.-F., C. Gales, N.T.), Toulouse University Hospital; Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (C. Garcia, A.R., B.P.), Inserm UMR-1297; Hematology Laboratory (C. Garcia, V.M., S.V., A.R., P.S., B.P.); Department of Neurology (N.R., J.F.A., J.M.O.); Department of Neuroradiology (F. Bonneville, J.D.); Department of Internal Medicine (M.P.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery (F.R.); Department of Virology (J.I.), Toulouse University Hospital, France; Department of Neuroimmunology (J.B.), Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Immunology (R.S.L.), Toulouse University Hospital, France.
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4
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Merkler D, Vincenti I, Masson F, Liblau RS. Tissue-resident CD8 T cells in central nervous system inflammatory diseases: present at the crime scene and …guilty. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Bernard-Valnet R, Frieser D, Nguyen XH, Khajavi L, Quériault C, Arthaud S, Melzi S, Fusade-Boyer M, Masson F, Zytnicki M, Saoudi A, Dauvilliers Y, Peyron C, Bauer J, Liblau RS. Influenza vaccination induces autoimmunity against orexinergic neurons in a mouse model for narcolepsy. Brain 2022; 145:2018-2030. [PMID: 35552381 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy with cataplexy or narcolepsy type 1 is a disabling chronic sleep disorder resulting from the destruction of orexinergic neurons in the hypothalamus. The tight association of narcolepsy with HLA-DQB1*06:02 strongly suggest an autoimmune origin to this disease. Furthermore, converging epidemiological studies have identified an increased incidence for narcolepsy in Europe following Pandemrix® vaccination against the 2009-2010 pandemic 'influenza' virus strain. The potential immunological link between the Pandemrix® vaccination and narcolepsy remains, however, unknown. Deciphering these mechanisms may reveal pathways potentially at play in most cases of narcolepsy. Here, we developed a mouse model allowing to track and study the T-cell response against 'influenza' virus haemagglutinin, which was selectively expressed in the orexinergic neurons as a new self-antigen. Pandemrix® vaccination in this mouse model resulted in hypothalamic inflammation and selective destruction of orexin-producing neurons. Further investigations on the relative contribution of T-cell subsets in this process revealed that haemagglutinin-specific CD4 T cells were necessary for the development of hypothalamic inflammation, but insufficient for killing orexinergic neurons. Conversely, haemagglutinin-specific CD8 T cells could not initiate inflammation but were the effectors of the destruction of orexinergic neurons. Additional studies revealed pathways potentially involved in the disease process. Notably, the interferon-γ pathway was proven essential, as interferon-γ-deficient CD8 T cells were unable to elicit the loss of orexinergic neurons. Our work demonstrates that an immunopathological process mimicking narcolepsy can be elicited by immune cross-reactivity between a vaccine antigen and a neuronal self-antigen. This process relies on a synergy between autoreactive CD4 and CD8 T cells for disease development. This work furthers our understanding of the mechanisms and pathways potentially involved in the development of a neurological side effect due to a vaccine and, likely, to narcolepsy in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Bernard-Valnet
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Service of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences Department, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Frieser
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Vinmec Institute of Applied Science and Regenerative Medicine, Vinmec Healthcare System, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Leila Khajavi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Clémence Quériault
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Arthaud
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Silvia Melzi
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - Frederick Masson
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias Zytnicki
- Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées, INRAE, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Peyron
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Center for Research in Neuroscience, University of Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
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6
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Gaudenzio N, Liblau RS. Immune cells impede repair of old neurons. Science 2022; 376:694-695. [PMID: 35549427 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Interfering with age-related neuroimmune interactions promotes nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Genoskin SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), Inserm UMR1291 CNRS UMR5051, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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7
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Hohlfeld R, Liblau RS. Toward identification of personalized immunological profiles in multiple sclerosis. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq4849. [PMID: 35476442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of four previously unidentified autoantigens found in multiple sclerosis mirrors its notorious clinical variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, and Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, 31300 Toulouse, France
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, Toulouse, France
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8
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Frieser D, Pignata A, Khajavi L, Shlesinger D, Gonzalez-Fierro C, Nguyen XH, Yermanos A, Merkler D, Höftberger R, Desestret V, Mair KM, Bauer J, Masson F, Liblau RS. Tissue-resident CD8 + T cells drive compartmentalized and chronic autoimmune damage against CNS neurons. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl6157. [PMID: 35417189 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl6157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the chronicity of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. In particular, it is unclear whether tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contribute to lesion pathogenesis during chronic CNS autoimmunity. Here, we observed that a high frequency of brain-infiltrating CD8+ T cells exhibit a TRM-like phenotype in human autoimmune encephalitis. Using mouse models of neuronal autoimmunity and a combination of T single-cell transcriptomics, high-dimensional flow cytometry, and histopathology, we found that pathogenic CD8+ T cells behind the blood-brain barrier adopt a characteristic TRM differentiation program, and we revealed their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. In the diseased CNS, autoreactive tissue-resident CD8+ T cells sustained focal neuroinflammation and progressive loss of neurons, independently of recirculating CD8+ T cells. Consistently, a large fraction of autoreactive tissue-resident CD8+ T cells exhibited proliferative potential as well as proinflammatory and cytotoxic properties. Persistence of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in the CNS and their functional output, but not their initial differentiation, were crucially dependent on CD4+ T cells. Collectively, our results point to tissue-resident CD8+ T cells as essential drivers of chronic CNS autoimmunity and suggest that therapies targeting this compartmentalized autoreactive T cell subset might be effective for treating CNS autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Frieser
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurora Pignata
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Leila Khajavi
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carmen Gonzalez-Fierro
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexander Yermanos
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Clinical Pathology, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Virginie Desestret
- National Reference Center for Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes, MeLiS-UCBL-CNRS, INSERM, Hôpital Neurologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Lyon, France
| | - Katharina M Mair
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederick Masson
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), University of Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France.,Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital, 31300 Toulouse, France
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9
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Salvioni A, Belloy M, Lebourg A, Bassot E, Cantaloube-Ferrieu V, Vasseur V, Blanié S, Liblau RS, Suberbielle E, Robey EA, Blanchard N. Robust Control of a Brain-Persisting Parasite through MHC I Presentation by Infected Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3254-3268.e8. [PMID: 31189109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of CNS pathogens by CD8 T cells is key to avoid fatal neuroinflammation. Yet, the modalities of MHC I presentation in the brain are poorly understood. Here, we analyze the antigen presentation mechanisms underlying CD8 T cell-mediated control of the Toxoplasma gondii parasite in the CNS. We show that MHC I presentation of an efficiently processed model antigen (GRA6-OVA), even when not expressed in the bradyzoite stage, reduces cyst burden and dampens encephalitis in C57BL/6 mice. Antigen presentation assays with infected primary neurons reveal a correlation between lower MHC I presentation of tachyzoite antigens by neurons and poor parasite control in vivo. Using conditional MHC I-deficient mice, we find that neuronal MHC I presentation is required for robust restriction of T. gondii in the CNS during chronic phase, showing the importance of MHC I presentation by CNS neurons in the control of a prevalent brain pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Salvioni
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Marcy Belloy
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurore Lebourg
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Bassot
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Cantaloube-Ferrieu
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Vasseur
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Blanié
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Elsa Suberbielle
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, 31024 Toulouse, France.
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10
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Chabod M, Khajavi L, Liblau RS. [An autoimmune basis for narcolepsy type 1?]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:204-207. [PMID: 30931901 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Chabod
- Centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, CHU Purpan - BP 3028 - 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
| | - Leila Khajavi
- Centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, CHU Purpan - BP 3028 - 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France - INRA, centre de recherche de Toulouse, unité de mathématiques et informatique appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT), chemin de borde rouge, BP 52627, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, CHU Purpan - BP 3028 - 31024 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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11
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Beltrán E, Nguyen XH, Quériault C, Barateau L, Dauvilliers Y, Dornmair K, Liblau RS. Shared T cell receptor chains in blood memory CD4 + T cells of narcolepsy type 1 patients. J Autoimmun 2019; 100:1-6. [PMID: 30948158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Convergent evidence points to the involvement of T cells in the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1). Here, we hypothesized that expanded disease-specific T cell clones could be detected in the blood of NT1 patients. We compared the TCR repertoire of circulating antigen-experienced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 13 recently diagnosed NT1 patients and 11 age-, sex-, and HLA-DQB1*06:02-matched healthy controls. We detected a bias in the usage of TRAV3 and TRAV8 families, with public CDR3α motifs only present in CD4+ T cells from patients with NT1. These findings may offer a unique tool to identify disease-relevant antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Beltrán
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France; Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG), Vinmec International Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Clémence Quériault
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Barateau
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Center and Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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12
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Abstract
Cancer treatment strategies based on immune stimulation have recently entered the clinical arena, with unprecedented success. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) work by indiscriminately promoting immune responses, which target tumour-associated antigens or tumour-specific mutations. However, the augmented immune response, most notably the T cell response, can cause either direct neurotoxicity or, more commonly, indirect neurotoxic effects through systemic or local inflammatory mechanisms or autoimmune mechanisms. Consequently, patients treated with ICIs are susceptible to CNS disease, including paraneoplastic neurological syndromes, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis and hypophysitis. In this Opinion article, we introduce the mechanisms of action of ICIs and review their adverse effects on the CNS. We highlight the importance of early detection of these neurotoxic effects, which should be distinguished from brain metastasis, and the need for early detection of neurotoxicity. It is crucial that physicians are well informed of these neurological adverse effects, given the anticipated increase in the use of immunotherapies to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia M Yshii
- INSERM U1043 - CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Purpan Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Centre and University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 80539, Germany, and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich D-81377, Germany
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM U1043 - CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Purpan Hospital, Place du Docteur Baylac TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France, and the Department of Immunology, Hôpital Rangueil, 1, Avenue du Professeur Jean Poulhès - TSA 50032 - 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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13
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Dywicki J, Noyan F, Misslitz AC, Hapke M, Galla M, Schlue J, Liblau RS, Taubert R, Manns MP, Jaeckel E, Hardtke-Wolenski M. Hepatic T Cell Tolerance Induction in An Inflammatory Environment. Dig Dis 2017; 36:156-166. [PMID: 29020680 DOI: 10.1159/000481341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
For the development of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), genetic predisposition and environmental triggers are of major importance. Although experimental AIH can be induced in genetically susceptible mice, the low precursor frequency of autoreactive T cells hampers a deeper analysis of liver-specific T cells. Here, we established a system where the model antigen hemagglutinin (HA) is expressed exclusively in hepatocytes of Rosa26-HA mice following administration of a replication deficient adenovirus expressing Cre recombinase (Ad-Cre). Under these conditions, hepatocytes mimic the generation of altered-self neoantigens. To follow autoreactive T cells during AIH, we adoptively transferred HA--specific Cl4-TCR and 6.5-TCR T cells into Ad-Cre infected -Rosa26-HA mice. Alternatively, Rosa26-HA mice have been crossed with TCR transgenic mice that were infected with Ad-Cre to break hepatic tolerance and induce the expression of the HA antigen as a hepatic self-antigen. Surprisingly, neither adoptive transfer nor a very high precursor frequency of autoreactive T cells was able to break tolerance in the context of adenoviral infection. The low proliferation of the antigen experienced autoreactive T cells despite the presence of the autoantigen and inflammation points to anergy as a potential tolerance mechanism. This model underscores the crucial importance of genetic susceptibility to break tolerance against hepatic autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Dywicki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Hartmann FJ, Bernard-Valnet R, Quériault C, Mrdjen D, Weber LM, Galli E, Krieg C, Robinson MD, Nguyen XH, Dauvilliers Y, Liblau RS, Becher B. High-dimensional single-cell analysis reveals the immune signature of narcolepsy. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2621-2633. [PMID: 27821550 PMCID: PMC5110028 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hartmann et al. show that, in narcolepsy, T cells exhibit a proinflammatory signature characterized by increased production of TNF, IL-2, and B cell–supporting cytokines. Narcolepsy type 1 is a devastating neurological sleep disorder resulting from the destruction of orexin-producing neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its striking association with the HLA-DQB1*06:02 allele, the autoimmune etiology of narcolepsy has remained largely hypothetical. Here, we compared peripheral mononucleated cells from narcolepsy patients with HLA-DQB1*06:02-matched healthy controls using high-dimensional mass cytometry in combination with algorithm-guided data analysis. Narcolepsy patients displayed multifaceted immune activation in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dominated by elevated levels of B cell–supporting cytokines. Additionally, T cells from narcolepsy patients showed increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-2 and TNF. Although it remains to be established whether these changes are primary to an autoimmune process in narcolepsy or secondary to orexin deficiency, these findings are indicative of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Hartmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Bernard-Valnet
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Clémence Quériault
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Dunja Mrdjen
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas M Weber
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Galli
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- National Reference Center for Orphan Diseases, Narcolepsy, Idiopathic hypersomnia and Kleine-Levin Syndrome, Department of Neurology, Gui-de-Chauliac Hospital, CHU de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1061, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Stienne C, Michieletto MF, Benamar M, Carrié N, Bernard I, Nguyen XH, Lippi Y, Duguet F, Liblau RS, Hedrick SM, Saoudi A, Dejean AS. Foxo3 Transcription Factor Drives Pathogenic T Helper 1 Differentiation by Inducing the Expression of Eomes. Immunity 2016; 45:774-787. [PMID: 27742544 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Foxo3 plays a crucial role in myeloid cell function but its role in lymphoid cells remains poorly defined. Here, we have shown that Foxo3 expression was increased after T cell receptor engagement and played a specific role in the polarization of CD4+ T cells toward pathogenic T helper 1 (Th1) cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Consequently, Foxo3-deficient mice exhibited reduced susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. At the molecular level, we identified Eomes as a direct target gene for Foxo3 in CD4+ T cells and we have shown that lentiviral-based overexpression of Eomes in Foxo3-deficient CD4+ T cells restored both IFN-γ and GM-CSF production. Thus, the Foxo3-Eomes pathway is central to achieve the complete specialized gene program required for pathogenic Th1 cell differentiation and development of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Stienne
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Michaël F Michieletto
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Mehdi Benamar
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | | | - Isabelle Bernard
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Xuan-Hung Nguyen
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse 31024, France
| | - Fanny Duguet
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Stephen M Hedrick
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0377, USA
| | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France
| | - Anne S Dejean
- UMR Inserm, U1043, Toulouse 31300, France; UMR CNRS, U5282, Toulouse 31300, France; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse 31300, France.
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16
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Lucca LE, Axisa PP, Aloulou M, Perals C, Ramadan A, Rufas P, Kyewski B, Derbinski J, Fazilleau N, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induces incomplete tolerance of CD4(+) T cells specific for both a myelin and a neuronal self-antigen in mice. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:2247-59. [PMID: 27334749 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
T-cell polyspecificity, predicting that individual T cells recognize a continuum of related ligands, implies that multiple antigens can tolerize T cells specific for a given self-antigen. We previously showed in C57BL/6 mice that part of the CD4(+) T-cell repertoire specific for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 also recognizes the neuronal antigen neurofilament medium (NF-M) 15-35. Such bi-specific CD4(+) T cells are frequent and produce inflammatory cytokines after stimulation. Since T cells recognizing two self-antigens would be expected to be tolerized more efficiently, this finding prompted us to study how polyspecificity impacts tolerance. We found that similar to MOG, NF-M is expressed in the thymus by medullary thymic epithelial cells, a tolerogenic population. Nevertheless, the frequency, phenotype, and capacity to transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) of MOG35-55 -reactive CD4(+) T cells were increased in MOG-deficient but not in NF-M-deficient mice. We found that presentation of NF-M15-35 by I-A(b) on dendritic cells is of short duration, suggesting unstable MHC class II binding. Consistently, introducing an MHC-anchoring residue into NF-M15-35 (NF-M15-35 T20Y) increased its immunogenicity, activating a repertoire able to induce EAE. Our results show that in C57BL/6 mice bi-specific encephalitogenic T cells manage to escape tolerization due to inefficient exposure to two self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Meryem Aloulou
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Corine Perals
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Rufas
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Derbinski
- Developmental Immunobiology, Tumor Immunology Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse, France. .,Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France. .,CHU Toulouse, Département d'Immunologie, Toulouse, France.
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17
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Ramadan A, Lucca LE, Carrié N, Desbois S, Axisa PP, Hayder M, Bauer J, Liblau RS, Mars LT. In situ expansion of T cells that recognize distinct self-antigens sustains autoimmunity in the CNS. Brain 2016; 139:1433-46. [PMID: 27000832 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyspecific T cells recognizing multiple distinct self-antigens have been identified in multiple sclerosis and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases, but their pathophysiological relevance remains undetermined. Using a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, we show that autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction is strictly dependent on reactivation of pathogenic T cells by a peptide (35-55) derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). This disease-inducing response wanes after onset. Strikingly, the progression of disease is driven by the in situ activation and expansion of a minority of MOG35-55-specific T cells that also recognize neurofilament-medium (NF-M)15-35, an intermediate filament protein expressed in neurons. This mobilization of bispecific T cells is critical for disease progression as adoptive transfer of NF-M15-35/MOG35-55 bispecific T cell lines caused full-blown disease in wild-type but not NF-M-deficient recipients. Moreover, specific tolerance through injection of NF-M15-35 peptide at the peak of disease halted experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis progression. Our findings highlight the importance of polyspecific autoreactive T cells in the aggravation and perpetuation of central nervous system autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Nadège Carrié
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Sabine Desbois
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Pierre-Paul Axisa
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Myriam Hayder
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Jan Bauer
- Center for Brain Research, Department of Neuroimmunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM UMR1043, Toulouse, F-31300, France CNRS, U5282, Toulouse, F-31300, France Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, F-31300, France INSERM UMR995, LIRIC, F-59000 Lille, France Université de Lille, centre d'excellence LICEND and FHU IMMINeNT, F-59000 Lille, France
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18
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Aloulou M, Carr EJ, Gador M, Bignon A, Liblau RS, Fazilleau N, Linterman MA. Follicular regulatory T cells can be specific for the immunizing antigen and derive from naive T cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10579. [PMID: 26818004 PMCID: PMC4738360 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a subset of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells that form in response to immunization or infection, which localize to the germinal centre where they control the magnitude of the response. Despite an increased interest in the role of Tfr cells in humoral immunity, many fundamental aspects of their biology remain unknown, including whether they recognize self- or foreign antigen. Here we show that Tfr cells can be specific for the immunizing antigen, irrespective of whether it is a self- or foreign antigen. We show that, in addition to developing from thymic derived Treg cells, Tfr cells can also arise from Foxp3(-) precursors in a PD-L1-dependent manner, if the adjuvant used is one that supports T-cell plasticity. These findings have important implications for Tfr cell biology and for improving vaccine efficacy by formulating vaccines that modify the Tfr:Tfh cell ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Aloulou
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Edward J Carr
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mylène Gador
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Alexandre Bignon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Nicolas Fazilleau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France.,Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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19
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Martin-Blondel G, Brassat D, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Liblau RS. CCR5 blockade for neuroinflammatory diseases — beyond control of HIV. Nat Rev Neurol 2016; 12:95-105. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Almost every disorder of the CNS is said to have an inflammatory component, but the precise nature of inflammation in the CNS is often imprecisely defined, and the role of CNS-resident cells is uncertain compared with that of cells that invade the tissue from the systemic immune compartment. To understand inflammation in the CNS, the term must be better defined, and the response of tissue to disturbances in homoeostasis (eg, neurodegenerative processes) should be distinguished from disorders in which aberrant immune responses lead to CNS dysfunction and tissue destruction (eg, autoimmunity). Whether the inflammatory tissue response to injury is reparative or degenerative seems to be dependent on context and timing, as are the windows of opportunity for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Hayder M, Varilh M, Turrin CO, Saoudi A, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Liblau RS. Phosphorus-Based Dendrimer ABP Treats Neuroinflammation by Promoting IL-10-Producing CD4(+) T Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3425-33. [PMID: 26397709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are polyfunctional nano-objects of perfectly defined structure that can provide innovative alternatives for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the efficiency of a recently described amino-bis(methylene phosphonate)-capped ABP dendrimer as a potential drug candidate for MS, we used the classical mouse model of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our study provides evidence that the ABP dendrimer prevents the development of EAE and inhibits the progression of established disease with a comparable therapeutic benefit as the approved treatment Fingolimod. We also show that the ABP dendrimer redirects the pathogenic myelin-specific CD4(+) T cell response toward IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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22
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Treiner E, Liblau RS. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: The Jury is Still Out. Front Immunol 2015; 6:503. [PMID: 26483793 PMCID: PMC4588106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), as demonstrated by the efficacy of therapies targeting various components of adaptive immunity. However, the disease still progresses despite these treatments in many patients, while others experience life-threatening adverse effects, urging for the discovery of new immune-targeting medications. Among the immune cell types participating to MS pathogenesis, decades of work have highlighted the prominent role of CD4 T cells. More recent data demonstrate the involvement of CD8 T cells as well. The existence of both pathogenic and protective CD8 T cells subsets has been suggested, adding an additional layer of complexity to the picture. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like lymphocytes that make up to 25% of CD8 T cells in healthy subjects. They are specific for conserved microbial ligands and may constitute an important barrier against invasive bacterial and fungal infection. An increasing number of reports also suggest their possible involvement in chronic inflammatory diseases, including MS. MAIT cells could participate through their ability to produce IFNγ and/or IL-17, two major cytokines in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory/autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms by which MAIT cells could be activated in these sterile conditions are not known. Furthermore, contradictory observations have been made, reporting either a protective or a pro-inflammatory behavior of MAIT cells in MS or its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In this review article, we will describe the current knowledge on MAIT cell biology in health and disease, and discuss the possible mechanisms behind their role in MS. The specific features of this new non-conventional T cell subset make it an interesting candidate as a biomarker or as the target of immune-mediated intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Treiner
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR1043-CNRS 5282 , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III - Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM UMR1043-CNRS 5282 , Toulouse , France ; Université Toulouse III - Paul-Sabatier , Toulouse , France ; Department of Immunology, Toulouse University Hospital , Toulouse , France
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Martin-Blondel G, Pignolet B, Liblau RS. [Migration and pathogenicity of CD8 T cells in central nervous system diseases]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:748-55. [PMID: 26340834 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The implication of CD8 T cells in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system has received increasing attention. CD8 T cells are crucial players of the adaptive immune system against neurotropic infections, but can also trigger tissue damage. Here we review the molecular mechanisms used by CD8 T cells to migrate into the central nervous system, and describe diseases that imply CD8 T cell-mediated pathogenicity. We also suggest therapeutic strategies targeting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Département des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital universitaire de Toulouse, France - Inserm U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, hôpital Purpan, place du Docteur Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Béatrice Pignolet
- Inserm U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, hôpital Purpan, place du Docteur Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France - Département des neurosciences, hôpital universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- Inserm U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, centre de physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, hôpital Purpan, place du Docteur Baylac, 31024 Toulouse, France - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, F-31000, France
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24
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Martin-Blondel G, Bauer J, Uro-Coste E, Biotti D, Averseng-Peaureaux D, Fabre N, Dumas H, Bonneville F, Lassmann H, Marchou B, Liblau RS, Brassat D. Therapeutic use of CCR5 antagonists is supported by strong expression of CCR5 on CD8(+) T cells in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:463-5. [PMID: 25589222 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lucca LE, Desbois S, Ramadan A, Ben-Nun A, Eisenstein M, Carrié N, Guéry JC, Sette A, Nguyen P, Geiger TL, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Bispecificity for myelin and neuronal self-antigens is a common feature of CD4 T cells in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunol 2014; 193:3267-77. [PMID: 25135834 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of multiple ligands by a single TCR is an intrinsic feature of T cell biology, with important consequences for physiological and pathological processes. Polyspecific T cells targeting distinct self-antigens have been identified in healthy individuals as well as in the context of autoimmunity. We have previously shown that the 2D2 TCR recognizes the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein epitope (MOG)35-55 as well as an epitope within the axonal protein neurofilament medium (NF-M15-35) in H-2(b) mice. In this study, we assess whether this cross-reactivity is a common feature of the MOG35-55-specific T cell response. To this end, we analyzed the CD4 T cell response of MOG35-55-immunized C57BL/6 mice for cross-reactivity with NF-M15-35. Using Ag recall responses, we established that an important proportion of MOG35-55-specific CD4 T cells also responded to NF-M15-35 in all mice tested. To study the clonality of this response, we analyzed 22 MOG35-55-specific T cell hybridomas expressing distinct TCR. Seven hybridomas were found to cross-react with NF-M15-35. Using an alanine scan of NF-M18-30 and an in silico predictive model, we dissected the molecular basis of cross-reactivity between MOG35-55 and NF-M15-35. We established that NF-M F24, R26, and V27 proved important TCR contacts. Strikingly, the identified TCR contacts are conserved within MOG38-50. Our data indicate that due to linear sequence homology, part of the MOG35-55-specific T cell repertoire of all C57BL/6 mice also recognizes NF-M15-35, with potential implications for CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana E Lucca
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Sabine Desbois
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Abdulraouf Ramadan
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Avraham Ben-Nun
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Chemical Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Miriam Eisenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Chemical Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nadège Carrié
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Jean-Charles Guéry
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Alessandro Sette
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92109
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Terrence L Geiger
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105; and
| | - Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM, U1043, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U5282, Toulouse F-31300, France; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse F-31300, France; Département d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse F-31300, France
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Pignolet BS, Gebauer CM, Liblau RS. Immunopathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with anti-Hu antibodies: A beneficial antitumor immune response going awry. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e27384. [PMID: 24501693 PMCID: PMC3913668 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs) are syndromes that develop in cancer patients when an efficient antitumor immune response, directed against antigens expressed by both malignant cells and healthy neurons, damages the nervous system. Herein, we analyze existing data on the mechanisms of loss of self tolerance and nervous tissue damage that underpin one of the most frequent PNDs, the anti-Hu syndrome. In addition, we discuss future directions and propose potential strategies aimed at blocking deleterious encephalitogenic immune responses while preserving the antineoplastic potential of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Sl Pignolet
- INSERM-UMR1043; Toulouse, France ; CNRS, U5282; Toulouse, France ; Universite de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France ; CHU Toulouse Purpan; Toulouse, France
| | - Christina Mt Gebauer
- INSERM-UMR1043; Toulouse, France ; CNRS, U5282; Toulouse, France ; Universite de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S Liblau
- INSERM-UMR1043; Toulouse, France ; CNRS, U5282; Toulouse, France ; Universite de Toulouse; UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP); Toulouse, France ; CHU Toulouse Purpan; Toulouse, France
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27
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Martin-Blondel G, Bauer J, Cuvinciuc V, Uro-Coste E, Debard A, Massip P, Delisle MB, Lassmann H, Marchou B, Mars LT, Liblau RS. In situ evidence of JC virus control by CD8+ T cells in PML-IRIS during HIV infection. Neurology 2013; 81:964-70. [PMID: 23935178 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182a43e6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pathophysiologic features of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in HIV-infected patients. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we retrospectively analyzed 11 HIV-infected patients with a firm diagnosis of PML-IRIS. Brain biopsies were collected from 5 patients and their histopathologic features were compared to those of 4 HIV-infected patients with classic PML. RESULTS PML-IRIS developed soon after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in late-presenting HIV-infected patients. The lesions from the 5 biopsied PML-IRIS patients were characterized by a reduction in the density of JC virus (JCV)-infected cells when compared to the 4 patients with PML (11.1 ± 3.2/mm² vs 51.2 ± 4.3/mm², p = 0.01). Comparing the 5 patients with PML-IRIS vs the 4 patients with PML, this correlated with an increased accumulation of CD8+ T cells (818.2 ± 192.8/mm² vs 52.5 ± 10.6/mm², p = 0.01), CD20+ B cells (33.4 ± 13.5/mm² vs 0.5 ± 0.5/mm², p = 0.01), and CD138+ plasma cells (177 ± 84.1/mm² vs 0.25 ± 0.25/mm², p = 0.01), while the number of CD68+ macrophages/microglia did not differ. The ratio between CD8+ T cells and JCV-infected cells was 70 times higher in the 5 patients with PML-IRIS. These findings indicate a clear relationship between an enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells and the associated control of the JCV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide in situ evidence that PML-IRIS brain lesions are enriched in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that engage JCV-infected oligodendrocytes. This leads to a better control of JCV dissemination, but at the cost of oligodendrocyte cell death and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- From the Departments of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (G.M.-B., A.D., P.M., B.M.), Neuroradiology (V.C.), and Pathology (E.U.-C., M.-B.D.), Toulouse University Hospital; INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282 (G.M.-B., L.T.M., R.S.L.), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan; Université Toulouse III (G.M.-B., V.C., E.U.-C., P.M., M.-B.D., B.M., L.T.M., R.S.L.), France; Center for Brain Research (J.B., H.L.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; INSERM (E.U.-C., M.-B.D.), CRCT U1087, Toulouse; and CNRS, LCC (B.M.), Université de Toulouse, France
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Saxena A, Desbois S, Carrié N, Lawand M, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Tc17 CD8+ T Cells Potentiate Th1-Mediated Autoimmune Diabetes in a Mouse Model. J I 2012; 189:3140-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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29
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Lazarczyk M, Dalard C, Hayder M, Dupre L, Pignolet B, Majewski S, Vuillier F, Favre M, Liblau RS. EVER proteins, key elements of the natural anti-human papillomavirus barrier, are regulated upon T-cell activation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39995. [PMID: 22761942 PMCID: PMC3386272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause a variety of mucosal and skin lesions ranging from benign proliferations to invasive carcinomas. The clinical manifestations of infection are determined by host-related factors that define the natural anti-HPV barrier. Key elements of this barrier are the EVER1 and EVER2 proteins, as deficiency in either one of the EVER proteins leads to Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis (EV), a genodermatosis associated with HPV-induced skin carcinoma. Although EVERs have been shown to regulate zinc homeostasis in keratinocytes, their expression and function in other cell types that may participate to the anti-HPV barrier remain to be investigated. In this work, we demonstrate that EVER genes are expressed in different tissues, and most notably in lymphocytes. Interestingly, in contrast to the skin, where EVER2 transcripts are hardly detectable, EVER genes are both abundantly expressed in murine and human T cells. Activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via the TCR triggers a rapid and profound decrease in EVER expression, accompanied by an accumulation of free Zn(2+) ions. Thus, EVER proteins may be involved in the regulation of cellular zinc homeostasis in lymphocytes. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show that the concentration of Zn(2+) ions is elevated in lymphoblastoid cells or primary T cells from EVER2-deficient patients. Interestingly, we also show that Zn(2+) excess blocks T-cell activation and proliferation. Therefore, EVER proteins appear as key components of the activation-dependent regulation of Zn(2+) concentration in T cells. However, the impact of EVER-deficiency in T cells on EV pathogenesis remains to be elucidated.
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Scheikl T, Pignolet B, Dalard C, Desbois S, Raison D, Yamazaki M, Saoudi A, Bauer J, Lassmann H, Hardin-Pouzet H, Liblau RS. Cutting edge: neuronal recognition by CD8 T cells elicits central diabetes insipidus. J Immunol 2012; 188:4731-5. [PMID: 22504649 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of neurologic diseases is associated with autoimmunity. The immune effectors contributing to the pathogenesis of such diseases are often unclear. To explore whether self-reactive CD8 T cells could attack CNS neurons in vivo, we generated a mouse model in which the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) is expressed specifically in CNS neurons. Transfer of cytotoxic anti-HA CD8 T cells induced an acute but reversible encephalomyelitis in HA-expressing recipient mice. Unexpectedly, diabetes insipidus developed in surviving animals. This robust phenotype was associated with preferential accumulation of cytotoxic CD8 T cells in the hypothalamus, upregulation of MHC class I molecules, and destruction of vasopressin-expressing neurons. IFN-γ production by the pathogenic CD8 T cells was necessary for MHC class I upregulation by hypothalamic neurons and their destruction. This novel mouse model, in combination with related human data, supports the concept that autoreactive CD8 T cells can trigger central diabetes insipidus.
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Liblau RS, Wekerle H, Tisch RM. Cumulative autoimmunity: T cell clones recognizing several self-epitopes exhibit enhanced pathogenicity. Front Immunol 2011; 2:47. [PMID: 22566837 PMCID: PMC3342376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) recognition is intrinsically polyspecific. In the field of autoimmunity, recognition of both self- and microbial peptides by a single TCR has led to the concept of molecular mimicry. However, findings made by our group and others clearly demonstrate that a given TCR can also recognize multiple distinct self-peptides. Based on experimental data we argue that recognition of several self-peptides increases the pathogenicity of an autoreactive T cell; a property we refer to as “cumulative autoimmunity.” The mechanisms of such increased pathogenicity, and the implications of cumulative autoimmunity regarding the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases will be discussed.
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Colacios C, Casemayou A, Dejean AS, Gaits-Iacovoni F, Pedros C, Bernard I, Lagrange D, Deckert M, Lamouroux L, Jagodic M, Olsson T, Liblau RS, Fournié GJ, Saoudi A. The p.Arg63Trp polymorphism controls Vav1 functions and Foxp3 regulatory T cell development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:2183-91. [PMID: 21948080 PMCID: PMC3201202 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism causing constitutive activation of Vav1 results in increased natural Treg generation and is responsible for the imbalance between Vav1 GEF and adaptor functions. CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance by inhibiting the expansion and function of pathogenic conventional T cells (Tconv cells). In this study, we show that a locus on rat chromosome 9 controls the size of the natural Treg cell compartment. Fine mapping of this locus with interval-specific congenic lines and association experiments using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified a nonsynonymous SNP in the Vav1 gene that leads to the substitution of an arginine by a tryptophan (p.Arg63Trp). This p.Arg63Trp polymorphism is associated with increased proportion and absolute numbers of Treg cells in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs, without impacting the size of the Tconv cell compartment. This polymorphism is also responsible for Vav1 constitutive activation, revealed by its tyrosine 174 hyperphosphorylation and increased guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. Moreover, it induces a marked reduction in Vav1 cellular contents and a reduction of Ca2+ flux after TCR engagement. Together, our data reveal a key role for Vav1-dependent T cell antigen receptor signaling in natural Treg cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Colacios
- INSERM Unité 1043, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité 5282, Toulouse, France
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Saxena A, Martin-Blondel G, Mars LT, Liblau RS. Role of CD8 T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3758-63. [PMID: 21910991 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system leading to demyelination and axonal/neuronal loss. Cumulating evidence points to a key role for CD8 T cells in this disabling disease. Oligoclonal CD8 T cells reside in demyelinating plaques where they are likely to contribute to tissue destruction. Histopathological analyses and compelling observations from animal models indicate that cytotoxic CD8 T cells target neural cell populations with the potential of causing lesions reminiscent of MS. However, CD8 T cell differentiation results in several subsets of effector CD8 T cells that could be differentially implicated in the mechanisms contributing to tissue damage. Moreover CD8 regulatory T cells arise as important populations involved in restoring immune homoeostasis and in maintaining immune privileged sites. Here we examine the current literature pertaining to the role of CD8 effector and regulatory T cell subsets in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saxena
- INSERM U1043-CNRS UMR 5282, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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34
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Leech MD, Carrillo-Vico A, Liblau RS, Anderton SM. Recognition of a high affinity MHC class I-restricted epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein by CD8⁺ T cells derived from autoantigen-deficient mice. Front Immunol 2011; 2:17. [PMID: 22566807 PMCID: PMC3342349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4⁺ T cells have a well-defined pathogenic role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the rodent model of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet CD8⁺ T cells are commonly found in MS lesions. To determine whether immunological tolerance might impact differently on CD4⁺ versus CD8⁺ T cells, we studied T cell responses in mice genetically deficient for the central nervous system (CNS) autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) versus wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. We show that MOG(-/-) mice have enhanced sensitivity to immunization with the immunodominant peptide of MOG (35-55), as evidenced by increased expansion of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell subsets. Most strikingly, CD8⁺ T cells from MOG(-/-) mice responded to a novel T cell epitope which binds to MHC class I with high affinity. Despite this, MOG-responsive CD8⁺ T cells sourced from either WT or MOG(-/-) mice failed to initiate CNS inflammation upon transfer to MOG-sufficient mice. In our hands, this capacity was only found in CD4⁺ T cells. However, MOG(-/-) CD4⁺ cells did not show greater pathogenic activity than their WT counterparts. Our data indicate that, in the presence of endogenous MOG, CD8⁺ T cells capable of responding to a MHC class I-restricted epitope that can be stably expressed are subject to rigorous control through central and/or peripheral tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Leech
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Centre for Multiple Sclerosis Research and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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35
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Couturier N, Bucciarelli F, Nurtdinov RN, Debouverie M, Lebrun-Frenay C, Defer G, Moreau T, Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Cournu-Rebeix I, Goertsches RH, Zettl UK, Comabella M, Montalban X, Rieckmann P, Weber F, Müller-Myhsok B, Edan G, Fontaine B, Mars LT, Saoudi A, Oksenberg JR, Clanet M, Liblau RS, Brassat D. Tyrosine kinase 2 variant influences T lymphocyte polarization and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Brain 2011; 134:693-703. [PMID: 21354972 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase 2 variant rs34536443 has been established as a genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis in a variety of populations. However, the functional effect of this variant on disease pathogenesis remains unclear. This study replicated the genetic association of tyrosine kinase 2 with multiple sclerosis in a cohort of 1366 French patients and 1802 controls. Furthermore, we assessed the functional consequences of this polymorphism on human T lymphocytes by comparing the reactivity and cytokine profile of T lymphocytes isolated from individuals expressing the protective TYK2(GC) genotype with the disease-associated TYK2(GG) genotype. Our results demonstrate that the protective C allele infers decreased tyrosine kinase 2 activity, and this reduction of activity is associated with a shift in the cytokine profile favouring the secretion of Th2 cytokines. These findings suggest that the rs34536443 variant effect on multiple sclerosis susceptibility might be mediated by deviating T lymphocyte differentiation toward a Th2 phenotype. This impact of tyrosine kinase 2 on effector differentiation is likely to be of wider importance because other autoimmune diseases also have been associated with polymorphisms within tyrosine kinase 2. The modulation of tyrosine kinase 2 activity might therefore represent a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Couturier
- INSERM U563 and Pôle des neurosciences, University of Toulouse 3, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Mars LT, Saikali P, Liblau RS, Arbour N. Contribution of CD8 T lymphocytes to the immuno-pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and its animal models. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:151-61. [PMID: 20637863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multi-focal demyelination, axonal loss, and immune cell infiltration. Numerous immune mediators are detected within MS lesions, including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes suggesting that they participate in the related pathogenesis. Although CD4(+) T lymphocytes are traditionally considered the main actors in MS immunopathology, multiple lines of evidence suggest that CD8(+) T lymphocytes are also implicated in the pathogenesis. In this review, we outline the recent literature pertaining to the potential roles of CD8(+) T lymphocytes both in MS and its animal models. The CD8(+) T lymphocytes detected in MS lesions demonstrate characteristics of activated and clonally expanded cells supporting the notion that these cells actively contribute to the observed injury. Moreover, several experimental in vivo models mediated by CD8(+) T lymphocytes recapitulate important features of the human disease. Whether the CD8(+) T cells can induce or aggravate tissue destruction in the CNS needs to be fully explored. Strengthening our understanding of the pathogenic potential of CD8(+) T cells in MS should provide promising new avenues for the treatment of this disabling inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T Mars
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, F-31300, France; Université Toulouse III, Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, F-31400, France
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Chappert P, Leboeuf M, Rameau P, Lalfer M, Desbois S, Liblau RS, Danos O, Davoust JM, Gross DA. Antigen-specific Treg impair CD8+T-cell priming by blocking early T-cell expansion. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:339-50. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Hyun E, Ramachandran R, Cenac N, Houle S, Rousset P, Saxena A, Liblau RS, Hollenberg MD, Vergnolle N. Insulin Modulates Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Signaling: Implications for the Innate Immune Response. J I 2010; 184:2702-9. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mars LT, Gautron AS, Novak J, Beaudoin L, Diana J, Liblau RS, Lehuen A. Invariant NKT cells regulate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and infiltrate the central nervous system in a CD1d-independent manner. J Immunol 2008; 181:2321-9. [PMID: 18684921 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT cells are CD1d-restricted T cells specific for glycolipid Ags. Their activation or transgenic enrichment abrogates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Herein, we demonstrate that in NKT-enriched mice the protection from EAE is associated with the infiltration of NKT cells in the CNS and the local expression of CD1d. This indicates that the CNS acquires the potential for local glycolipid presentation when exposed to inflammatory stress, permitting the triggering of NKT cells. To address the importance of CD1d-mediated Ag presentation, we used transgenic mice that express CD1d solely in the thymus. Interestingly, enrichment of NKT cells in these mice also conferred resistance to EAE, with an efficacy indistinguishable from that of NKT-enriched CD1d-sufficient mice. This protection was due to an abrogation of the encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 response in the spleen, revealing that endogenous glycolipid presentation is dispensable for the regulatory function of NKT cells in EAE. Moreover, abrogating extrathymic CD1d expression failed to affect both the recruitment of NKT cells and their effector phenotype. CNS-infiltrating NKT cells were characterized by a cytotoxic IFN-gamma(high)IL-4(low)IL-10(low)granzyme B(high) profile, irrespective of the local expression of CD1d. Glycolipid Ag presentation is therefore dispensable for the control of autoimmune demyelination by NKT cells, underlining the importance of alternative cognate and/or soluble factors in the control of NKT cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T Mars
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U-563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Saxena A, Bauer J, Scheikl T, Zappulla J, Audebert M, Desbois S, Waisman A, Lassmann H, Liblau RS, Mars LT. Cutting Edge: Multiple Sclerosis-Like Lesions Induced by Effector CD8 T Cells Recognizing a Sequestered Antigen on Oligodendrocytes. J Immunol 2008; 181:1617-21. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mayerhofer M, Gleixner KV, Hoelbl A, Florian S, Hoermann G, Aichberger KJ, Bilban M, Esterbauer H, Krauth MT, Sperr WR, Longley JB, Kralovics R, Moriggl R, Zappulla J, Liblau RS, Schwarzinger I, Sexl V, Sillaber C, Valent P. Unique effects of KIT D816V in BaF3 cells: induction of cluster formation, histamine synthesis, and early mast cell differentiation antigens. J Immunol 2008; 180:5466-76. [PMID: 18390729 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic tyrosine kinases (TK) usually convert growth factor-dependent cells to factor independence with autonomous proliferation. However, TK-driven neoplasms often are indolent and characterized by cell differentiation rather than proliferation. A prototype of an indolent TK-driven neoplasm is indolent systemic mastocytosis. We found that the D816V-mutated variant of KIT, a TK detectable in most patients with systemic mastocytosis, induces cluster formation and expression of several mast cell differentiation and adhesion Ags, including microphthalmia transcription factor, IL-4 receptor, histamine, CD63, and ICAM-1 in IL-3-dependent BaF3 cells. By contrast, wild-type KIT did not induce cluster formation or mast cell differentiation Ags. Additionally, KIT D816V, but not wild-type KIT, induced STAT5 activation in BaF3 cells. However, despite these intriguing effects, KIT D816V did not convert BaF3 cells to factor-independent proliferation. Correspondingly, BaF3 cells with conditional expression of KIT D816V did not form tumors in nude mice. Together, the biologic effects of KIT D816V in BaF3 cells match strikingly with the clinical course of indolent systemic mastocytosis and with our recently established transgenic mouse model, in which KIT D816V induces indolent mast cell accumulations but usually does not induce a malignant mast cell disease. Based on all these results, it is hypothesized that KIT D816V as a single hit may be sufficient to cause indolent systemic mastocytosis, whereas additional defects may be required to induce aggressive mast cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Mayerhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Magnusson FC, Liblau RS, von Boehmer H, Pittet MJ, Lee JW, Turley SJ, Khazaie K. Direct presentation of antigen by lymph node stromal cells protects against CD8 T-cell-mediated intestinal autoimmunity. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1028-37. [PMID: 18395084 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Disruption of the enteric glial cell (EGC) network is an early pathologic feature in Crohn's disease. To determine the contribution of antigen-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells to the breakdown of the EGC network, we studied specific autoimmune targeting of an ectopic antigen expressed by EGCs. METHODS Transgenic mice (GFAP-HA), which express the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in EGCs, were either crossed with mice transgenic for a T-cell receptor (TCR) specific for a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I epitope of HA (CL4-TCR) or were adoptively transferred with conventional CL4 T cells. These were compared with GFAP-HA mice transferred with conventional T cells specific for an MHC class II epitope of HA (6.5). RESULTS Both CD8 and CD4 T-cell subtypes were activated in vivo in an antigen-specific manner; however, they differed substantially in their ability to expand in the mesenteric lymph nodes, trigger proinflammatory cytokines, and induce autoimmune damage in the intestine. Direct presentation of antigen, provided by lymph node stromal cells, caused the activation and deletion of CD8 T cells. This mechanism of T-cell tolerance did not affect CD4 T cells, which produced antigen-specific lethal autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS Our observations support a recently identified mechanism of peripheral T-cell tolerance that specifically protects against autoimmunity mediated by conventional CD8 T cells. Furthermore, we show that conventional CD4 T cells are not affected by this mechanism of tolerance, and their targeting of EGCs produces lethal intestinal autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay C Magnusson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Mars LT, Bauer J, Gross DA, Bucciarelli F, Firat H, Hudrisier D, Lemonnier F, Kosmatopoulos K, Liblau RS. CD8 T Cell Responses to Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Derived Peptides in Humanized HLA-A*0201-Transgenic Mice. J Immunol 2007; 179:5090-8. [PMID: 17911594 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the CNS. Though originally believed to be CD4-mediated, additional immune effector mechanisms, including myelin-specific CD8(+) T cells, are now proposed to participate in the pathophysiology of MS. To study the immunologic and encephalitogenic behavior of HLA-A*0201-binding myelin-derived epitopes in vivo, we used a humanized HLA-A*0201-transgenic mouse model. Eight HLA-A*0201-binding peptides derived from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), an immunodominant myelin self-Ag, were identified in silico. After establishing their relative affinity for HLA-A*0201 and their capacity to form stable complexes with HLA-A*0201 in vitro, their immunological characteristics were studied in HLA-A*0201-transgenic mice. Five MOG peptides, which bound stably to HLA-A*0201 exhibited strong immunogenicity by inducing a sizeable MOG-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8(+) T cell response in vivo. Of these five candidate epitopes, four were processed by MOG-transfected RMA target cells and two peptides proved immunodominant in vivo in response to a plasmid-encoding native full-length MOG. One of the immunodominant MOG peptides (MOG(181)) generated a cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell response able to aggravate CD4(+)-mediated EAE. Therefore, this detailed in vivo characterization provides a hierarchy of candidate epitopes for MOG-specific CD8(+) T cell responses in HLA-A*0201 MS patients identifying the encephalitogenic MOG(181) epitope as a primary candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart T Mars
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
CD8 T cells are nature's foremost defense in encephalitis and brain tumors. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells need to enter the brain to exert their beneficial effects. On the other hand, traffic of CD8 T cells specific for neural antigen may trigger autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis. T cell traffic into the central nervous system is thought to occur when activated T cells cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regardless of their antigen specificity, but studies have focused on CD4 T cells. Here, we show that selective traffic of antigen-specific CD8 T cells into the brain occurs in vivo and is dependent on luminal expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I by cerebral endothelium. After intracerebral antigen injection, using a minimally invasive technique, transgenic CD8 T cells only infiltrated the brain when and where their cognate antigen was present. This was independent of antigen presentation by perivascular macrophages. Marked reduction of antigen-specific CD8 T cell infiltration was observed after intravenous injection of blocking anti–MHC class I antibody. These results expose a hitherto unappreciated route by which CD8 T cells home onto their cognate antigen behind the BBB: luminal MHC class I antigen presentation by cerebral endothelium to circulating CD8 T cells. This has implications for a variety of diseases in which antigen-specific CD8 T cell traffic into the brain is a beneficial or deleterious feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Galea
- CNS Inflammation Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Piaggio E, Mars LT, Cassan C, Cabarrocas J, Hofstätter M, Desbois S, Bergereau E, Rötzschke O, Falk K, Liblau RS. Multimerized T cell epitopes protect from experimental autoimmune diabetes by inducing dominant tolerance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:9393-8. [PMID: 17517665 PMCID: PMC1890505 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610423104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy by using multimerized self-peptides has demonstrated a clear protective effect on experimental models of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms involved remain ill-defined. Here we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of multimerized self-peptides at the effector phase of autoimmune diabetes and examined their mechanisms of action. Diabetes was induced in rat insulin promoter-hemagglutinin (HA) mice expressing HA in pancreatic beta-cells by adoptive transfer of HA(110-119)-specific T helper 1 cells. Complete protection was provided by low doses of the HA 4-mer consisting of four covalently linked linear HA(107-119) peptides. In vivo, the 4-mer appeared to act directly on the pathogenic HA-specific T helper 1 cells and indirectly by activation/recruitment of lymphocytes with regulatory properties so that mice became resistant to a second transfer of diabetogenic T cells. This effect was associated with a recruitment of Foxp3(+) CD4 T cells around islets. Moreover, we show that dominant protection from autoimmunity was transferable by spleen cells, and that development of this regulatory population was crucially dependent on the lymphocytes from treated rat insulin promoter-HA mice. Thus, immunotherapy using multimerized epitopes emerges as a promising strategy in view of the current identification of self-epitopes that are major targets of the pathogenic CD4 T cell response in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Piaggio
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Lennart T. Mars
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Cécile Cassan
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Julie Cabarrocas
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Maria Hofstätter
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Desbois
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Emilie Bergereau
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Olaf Rötzschke
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirsten Falk
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland S. Liblau
- *Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-31300 Toulouse, France
- Université Paul-Sabatier, F-31400 Toulouse, France; and
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Winau F, Hegasy G, Weiskirchen R, Weber S, Cassan C, Sieling PA, Modlin RL, Liblau RS, Gressner AM, Kaufmann SHE. Ito Cells Are Liver-Resident Antigen-Presenting Cells for Activating T Cell Responses. Immunity 2007; 26:117-29. [PMID: 17239632 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Here we identified Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells, HSC), known for storage of vitamin A and participation in hepatic fibrosis, as professional liver-resident antigen-presenting cells (APC). Ito cells efficiently presented antigens to CD1-, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I-, and MHC-II-restricted T cells. Ito cells presented lipid antigens to CD1-restricted T lymphocytes such as natural killer T (NKT) cells and promoted homeostatic proliferation of liver NKT cells through interleukin-15. Moreover, Ito cells presented antigenic peptides to CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells and mediated crosspriming of CD8(+) T cells. Peptide-specific T cells were activated by transgenic Ito cells presenting endogenous neoantigen. Upon bacterial infection, Ito cells elicited antigen-specific T cells and mediated protection. In contrast to other liver cell types that have been implicated in induction of immunological tolerance, our data identify Ito cells as professional intrahepatic APCs activating T cells and eliciting a multitude of T cell responses specific for protein and lipid antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Winau
- Department of Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Schumannstrasse 21-22, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in demyelination and axonal loss within the CNS. An autoimmune reaction directed against myelin antigens contributes to the disease process. As the CNS has long been considered an immune privileged site, how such an immune response can develop locally has remained enigmatic. Recent data, mostly based on the study of animal models for MS, have shown that the CNS is in fact more permissive to the development of immune responses than previously thought. This observation is counterbalanced by the fact that immune tolerance to myelin antigens can be induced outside the CNS. This review focuses on the mechanisms preventing CNS autoimmunity, which act in three separate tissues. In the thymus, expression of CNS autoantigens promotes partial protection, notably through elimination of autoreactive T cells. In the secondary lymphoid organs, the remaining autoreactive T cells are kept under control by the naturally occurring regulatory T cells of the CD4(+)Foxp3(+) phenotype. In the CNS, multiple mechanisms including the local activation of regulatory T cells further limit autoimmunity. A better understanding of the induction of regulatory T cells, of their mechanisms of action, and of approaches to manipulate them in vivo may offer new therapeutic opportunities for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Cassan
- INSERM, U563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France
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48
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Cassan C, Piaggio E, Zappulla JP, Mars LT, Couturier N, Bucciarelli F, Desbois S, Bauer J, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Liblau RS. Pertussis Toxin Reduces the Number of Splenic Foxp3+Regulatory T Cells. J Immunol 2006; 177:1552-60. [PMID: 16849462 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.3.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTx) is a bacterial toxin used to enhance the severity of experimental autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. It is known to promote permeabilization of the blood-brain barrier, maturation of APC, activation of autoreactive lymphocytes and alteration of lymphocyte migration. In this study, we show that i.v. injection of PTx in mice induces a decrease in the number of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Furthermore, PTx not only induces a depletion of the dominant CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) subpopulation of splenic Treg cells, but also reduces to a similar extent the CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(+) subpopulation. On a per cell basis, the suppressive properties of the remaining Treg cells are not modified by PTx treatment. The reduction in splenic Treg cells is associated with preferential migration of these cells to the liver. Additionally, Treg cells exhibit a high sensitivity to PTx-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Finally, in vivo depletion of Treg cells by injection of an anti-CD25 Ab, and PTx treatment, present synergistic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis exacerbating effects. Therefore, we identify a new effect of PTx and provide an additional illustration of the influence of microbial components on the immune system affecting the balance between tolerance, inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Cassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité 563, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Toulouse, France
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49
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Cabarrocas J, Cassan C, Magnusson F, Piaggio E, Mars L, Derbinski J, Kyewski B, Gross DA, Salomon BL, Khazaie K, Saoudi A, Liblau RS. Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T cells specific for a neo-self-antigen develop at the double-positive thymic stage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8453-8. [PMID: 16709665 PMCID: PMC1482513 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603086103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing CD4, CD25, and the transcription factor Foxp3 play major roles in preventing autoimmunity. The Treg population is enriched in T cells expressing high-avidity self-reactive T cell receptors, and thymic epithelial cells expressing self-antigens (Ag) have been implicated in their induction and/or selection. However, the thymic selection events leading to Treg lineage commitment remain unclear. We followed the thymic development of self-Ag-specific Tregs in double-transgenic mice coexpressing a neo-self-Ag, hemagglutinin (HA) under the control of a neural tissue-specific promoter, and a transgenic class II-restricted T cell antigen receptor specific for HA111-119. Our data show that the promiscuous expression of the HA transgene in thymic epithelial cells is involved in the selective induction and/or expansion of HA-specific Foxp3(+) Treg thymic precursors as early as the double-positive stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cabarrocas
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Cassan
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Fay Magnusson
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Lennart Mars
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jens Derbinski
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Kyewski
- Division of Developmental Immunology, German Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David-Alexandre Gross
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8115, Genethon, 91002 Evry, France; and
| | - Benoit L. Salomon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7087, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Abdelhadi Saoudi
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Roland S. Liblau
- *Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U563, Purpan Hospital, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Duplan V, Beriou G, Heslan JM, Bruand C, Dutartre P, Mars LT, Liblau RS, Cuturi MC, Saoudi A. LF 15-0195 Treatment Protects against Central Nervous System Autoimmunity by Favoring the Development of Foxp3-Expressing Regulatory CD4 T Cells. J Immunol 2006; 176:839-47. [PMID: 16393967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an instructive model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. Lewis (LEW) rats immunized with myelin-basic protein (MBP) develop EAE characterized by a single episode of paralysis, from which they recover spontaneously and become refractory to a second induction of disease. LF 15-0195 is a novel molecule that has potent immunosuppressive effects in several immune-mediated pathological manifestations, including EAE. In the present study, we show that a 30-day course of LF 15-0195 treatment not only prevents MBP-immunized LEW rats from developing EAE but also preserves their refractory phase to reinduction of disease. This effect is Ag driven since it requires priming by the autoantigen during the drug administration. In contrast to other immunosuppressive drugs, short-term treatment with this drug induces a persistent tolerance with no rebound of EAE up to 4 mo after treatment withdrawal. This beneficial effect of LF 15-0195 on EAE does not result from the deletion of MBP-specific Vbeta8.2 encephalitogenic T cells. In contrast, this drug favors the differentiation of MBP-specific CD4 T cells into Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells that, upon adoptive transfer in syngeneic recipients, prevent the development of actively induced EAE. Finally, we demonstrate that the tolerance induced by LF 15-0195 treatment is not dependent on the presence of TGF-beta. Together, these data demonstrate that short-term treatment with LF 15-0195 prevents MBP-immunized LEW rats from EAE by favoring the development of Foxp-3-expressing regulatory CD4 T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- DNA/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/prevention & control
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Guanidines/pharmacology
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/prevention & control
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Neutralization Tests
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Duplan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 563, Institut Fédératif de recherche 30, and Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
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