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Buret AG, Motta JP, Allain T, Ferraz J, Wallace JL. Pathobiont release from dysbiotic gut microbiota biofilms in intestinal inflammatory diseases: a role for iron? J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:1. [PMID: 30602371 PMCID: PMC6317250 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota interacting with an intact mucosal surface are key to the maintenance of homeostasis and health. This review discusses the current state of knowledge of the biofilm mode of growth of these microbiota communities, and how in turn their disruptions may cause disease. Beyond alterations of relative microbial abundance and diversity, the aim of the review is to focus on the disruptions of the microbiota biofilm structure and function, the dispersion of commensal bacteria, and the mechanisms whereby these dispersed commensals may become pathobionts. Recent findings have linked iron acquisition to the expression of virulence factors in gut commensals that have become pathobionts. Causal studies are emerging, and mechanisms common to enteropathogen-induced disruptions, as well as those reported for Inflammatory Bowel Disease and colo-rectal cancer are used as examples to illustrate the great translational potential of such research. These new observations shed new light on our attempts to develop new therapies that are able to protect and restore gut microbiota homeostasis in the many disease conditions that have been linked to microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Gerald Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Institute of Digestive Health Research, INSERM UMR1220, Université Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jose Ferraz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Lawrence Wallace
- Departments of Biological Sciences, and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Ishihara S, Aziz M, Oshima N, Mishima Y, Imaoka H, Moriyama I, Kinoshita Y. Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: infectious gastroenteritis-related disorders? Clin J Gastroenterol 2009; 2:9-16. [PMID: 26191801 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-008-0051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infectious gastroenteritis may be one of the important factors in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), with affected individuals often categorized as having post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS), and is linked to the onset of symptoms in approximately 10-20% of patients diagnosed with IBS. Intestinal mucosal infiltration of T cells and mast cells, and enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia are significant immunological and pathological findings that reveal the pathogenesis of PI-IBS, and results of laboratory studies using animal models of PI-IBS clearly support clinical evidence. Recently, infectious gastroenteritis has also been suggested to be associated with the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and various studies have suggested that individuals with IBS or IBS-like symptoms may be susceptible to initiation of IBD. However, it is still unclear whether infectious gastroenteritis is directly or indirectly (through PI-IBS) linked to the initiation of IBD. Additional studies are necessary to understand the clinical overlap among infectious gastroenteritis, IBS, and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Ichiro Moriyama
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kinoshita
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1, Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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