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Ekka R, Gutierrez A, Johnson KA, Tan M, Sütterlin C. Chlamydia trachomatis induces disassembly of the primary cilium to promote the intracellular infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012303. [PMID: 38885287 PMCID: PMC11213297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is a clinically important bacterium that infects epithelial cells of the genitourinary and respiratory tracts and the eye. These differentiated cells are in a quiescent growth state and have a surface organelle called a primary cilium, but the standard Chlamydia cell culture infection model uses cycling cells that lack primary cilia. To investigate if these differences are relevant, we performed infections with host cells that have a primary cilium. We found that C. trachomatis caused progressive loss of the primary cilium that was prevented by disrupting Aurora A (AurA), HDAC6 or calmodulin, which are components of the cellular cilia disassembly pathway. Stabilization of the primary cilium by targeting this pathway caused a large reduction in infectious progeny although there were no changes in chlamydial inclusion growth, chlamydial replication or the ultrastructural appearance of dividing and infectious forms (RBs and EBs, respectively). Thus, the presence of a primary cilium interfered with the production of infectious EBs at a late step in the developmental cycle. C. trachomatis infection also induced quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle, as detected by EdU incorporation in S-phase, and Chlamydia-induced cilia disassembly was necessary for cell cycle re-entry. This study therefore describes a novel host-pathogen interaction in which the primary cilium limits a productive Chlamydia infection, and the bacterium counteracts this host cell defense by activating the cellular cilia disassembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseleen Ekka
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Abraham Gutierrez
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Kirsten A. Johnson
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Christine Sütterlin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Parthasarathy S, Saenjamsai P, Hao H, Ferkul A, Pfannenstiel JJ, Suder EL, Bejan DS, Chen Y, Schwarting N, Aikawa M, Muhlberger E, Orozco RC, Sullivan CS, Cohen MS, Davido DJ, Hume AJ, Fehr AR. PARP14 is pro- and anti-viral host factor that promotes IFN production and affects the replication of multiple viruses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.26.591186. [PMID: 38712082 PMCID: PMC11071520 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.26.591186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
PARP14 is a 203 kDa multi-domain protein that is primarily known as an ADP-ribosyltransferase, and is involved in a variety of cellular functions including DNA damage, microglial activation, inflammation, and cancer progression. In addition, PARP14 is upregulated by interferon (IFN), indicating a role in the antiviral response. Furthermore, PARP14 has evolved under positive selection, again indicating that it is involved in host-pathogen conflict. We found that PARP14 is required for increased IFN-I production in response to coronavirus infection lacking ADP-ribosylhydrolase (ARH) activity and poly(I:C), however, whether it has direct antiviral function remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that the catalytic activity of PARP14 enhances IFN-I and IFN-III responses and restricts ARH-deficient murine hepatitis virus (MHV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication. To determine if PARP14's antiviral functions extended beyond CoVs, we tested the ability of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and several negative-sense RNA viruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Ebola virus (EBOV), and Nipah virus (NiV), to infect A549 PARP14 knockout (KO) cells. HSV-1 had increased replication in PARP14 KO cells, indicating that PARP14 restricts HSV-1 replication. In contrast, PARP14 was critical for the efficient infection of VSV, EBOV, and NiV, with EBOV infectivity at less than 1% of WT cells. A PARP14 active site inhibitor had no impact on HSV-1 or EBOV infection, indicating that its effect on these viruses was independent of its catalytic activity. These data demonstrate that PARP14 promotes IFN production and has both pro- and anti-viral functions targeting multiple viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradtahna Saenjamsai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Hongping Hao
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Anna Ferkul
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - Ellen L. Suder
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy & Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Daniel S. Bejan
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Yating Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Nancy Schwarting
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology (P.K.J., M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.A., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine (M.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elke Muhlberger
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy & Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - David J. Davido
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Adam J. Hume
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy & Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Caputo WL, de Souza MC, Basso CR, Pedrosa VDA, Seiva FRF. Comprehensive Profiling and Therapeutic Insights into Differentially Expressed Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5653. [PMID: 38067357 PMCID: PMC10705715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug repurposing is a strategy that complements the conventional approach of developing new drugs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent type of liver cancer, necessitating an in-depth understanding of the underlying molecular alterations for improved treatment. Methods: We searched for a vast array of microarray experiments in addition to RNA-seq data. Through rigorous filtering processes, we have identified highly representative differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumor and non-tumor liver tissues and identified a distinct class of possible new candidate drugs. Results: Functional enrichment analysis revealed distinct biological processes associated with metal ions, including zinc, cadmium, and copper, potentially implicating chronic metal ion exposure in tumorigenesis. Conversely, up-regulated genes are associated with mitotic events and kinase activities, aligning with the relevance of kinases in HCC. To unravel the regulatory networks governing these DEGs, we employed topological analysis methods, identifying 25 hub genes and their regulatory transcription factors. In the pursuit of potential therapeutic options, we explored drug repurposing strategies based on computational approaches, analyzing their potential to reverse the expression patterns of key genes, including AURKA, CCNB1, CDK1, RRM2, and TOP2A. Potential therapeutic chemicals are alvocidib, AT-7519, kenpaullone, PHA-793887, JNJ-7706621, danusertibe, doxorubicin and analogues, mitoxantrone, podofilox, teniposide, and amonafide. Conclusion: This multi-omic study offers a comprehensive view of DEGs in HCC, shedding light on potential therapeutic targets and drug repurposing opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Ladeira Caputo
- Post Graduation Program in Experimental Pathology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (W.L.C.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Milena Cremer de Souza
- Post Graduation Program in Experimental Pathology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (W.L.C.); (M.C.d.S.)
| | - Caroline Rodrigues Basso
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (C.R.B.); (V.d.A.P.)
| | - Valber de Albuquerque Pedrosa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (C.R.B.); (V.d.A.P.)
| | - Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira Seiva
- Post Graduation Program in Experimental Pathology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil; (W.L.C.); (M.C.d.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (C.R.B.); (V.d.A.P.)
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