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MicroRNAs of Milk in Cells, Plasma, and Lipid Fractions of Human Milk, and Abzymes Catalyzing Their Hydrolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012070. [PMID: 36292926 PMCID: PMC9603112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk provides neonates with various components that ensure newborns’ growth, including protection from bacterial and viral infections. In neonates, the biological functions of many breast milk components can be very different compared with their functions in the body fluids of healthy adults. Catalytic antibodies (abzymes) that hydrolyze peptides, proteins, DNAs, RNAs, and oligosaccharides were detected, not only in the blood sera of autoimmune patients, but also in human milk. Non-coding microRNAs (18−25 nucleotides) are intra- and extracellular molecules of different human fluids. MiRNAs possess many different biological functions, including the regulation of several hundred genes. Five of them, miR-148a-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-378a-3p, miR-146b-5p, and let-7f-5p, were previously found in milk in high concentrations. Here, we determined relative numbers of miRNA copies in 1 mg of analyzed cells, lipid fractions, and plasmas of human milk samples. The relative amount of microRNA decreases in the following order: cells ≈ lipid fraction > plasma. IgGs and sIgAs were isolated from milk plasma, and their activities in the hydrolysis of five microRNAs was compared. In general, sIgAs demonstrated higher miRNA-hydrolyzing activities than IgGs antibodies. The hydrolysis of five microRNAs by sIgAs and IgGs was site-specific. The relative activity of each microRNA hydrolysis was very dependent on the milk preparation. The correlation coefficients between the contents of five RNAs in milk plasma, and the relative activities of sIgAs compared to IgGs in hydrolyses, strongly depended on individual microRNA, and changed from −0.01 to 0.80. Thus, it was shown that milk contains specific antibodies (abzymes) that hydrolyze microRNAs specific for human milk.
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Kompaneets IY, Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Dmitrenok PS, Nevinsky GA. Secretory immunoglobulin A from human milk hydrolyzes 5 histones and myelin basic protein. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:950-964. [PMID: 34802738 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mother's milk provides newborns with various nutrients (e.g., enzymes, proteins, peptides, hormones, antibodies) that help babies grow and protect them from bacterial and viral infections. The functions of many components of breast milk can be very different from their corresponding functions in body fluids of healthy adults. Catalytic antibodies (abzymes) that hydrolyze peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, and oligosaccharides were detected not only in human milk, but also in the blood sera of autoimmune patients. However, abzymes with unexpected synthetic activities (lipids, oligosaccharides, and protein kinase activities) were revealed in milk that were not found in the blood of autoimmune patients. The nutrition of infants with fresh milk has a very specific role; newborns are well protected by antibodies of mother's milk (passive immunity). Protease abzymes were found in the blood sera of autoimmune patients, whereas healthy humans usually do not contain such autoantibodies. Here, we present the first evidence that the milk of healthy mothers contains secretory (s)IgA that effectively hydrolyze 5 histones (e.g., H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Several rigid criteria were applied to show that protease activity is an intrinsic property of sIgA. Milk abzymes against 5 histones cannot hydrolyze different control proteins except histones and MBP, whereas autoantibodies against MBP split this protein and 5 histones. Antibodies against histones and MBP exhibit complexation polyreactivity as well as specific and unusual catalytic cross-reactivity. With some exceptions, the specific sites of hydrolysis of H1, H2A, and H2B by sIgA against histones do not coincide with the sites of hydrolysis by abzymes against MBP. On the whole, fresh human milk is a very specific source of many of the most unusual antibodies and abzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yu Kompaneets
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630,090, Russia
| | - Sergey E Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630,090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630,090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690,022, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630,090, Russia.
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Nevinsky GA, Zakharova OD, Kompaneets IY, Timofeeva AM, Dmitrenok PS, Menzorova NI. Six catalytic activities and cytotoxicity of immunoglobulin G and secretory immunoglobulin A from human milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:6431-6448. [PMID: 33741158 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the milk of healthy women, antibodies were found with different catalytic activities (abzymes), which are absent in the sera of other healthy people. Moreover, it was previously shown that DNase antibodies-abzymes of patients with autoimmune diseases are cytotoxic to cancer cells. In this work, it was first shown that IgG and secretory IgA (sIgA) do not possess embryotoxicity; they practically do not affect the development of fertilized eggs of sea urchins but demonstrate sperm toxicity. After addition to the eggs of sperm preincubated with IgG and sIgA, the number of unfertilized eggs was increased, in the case of sIgA 1.6-fold higher than that for IgG. The suppression of the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells by sIgA was 2.2 times more effective than with IgG antibodies. The relative enzymatic activity of milk sIgA was higher than IgG (-fold): 1.9 (DNase), 4.6 (amylase), 1.7 (peroxidase), 1.3 (protease), 3.7 [hydrolysis of poly(C)], 3.3 [hydrolysis of poly(U)], and 1.7 (oxidation of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine). One of the possible reasons for the observed difference between sIgA and IgG could be that all 6 catalytic activities of sIgA were, on average, 2.6 times higher than that for IgG. Correlation coefficients between all the relative 6 enzymatic activities of IgG and sIgA and their toxicity to sea urchin sperm and to cancer cells were calculated. Maximum correlation coefficients were observed for DNase (+0.71), protease (+0.64) activities for sIgA, as well as protease (+0.59) and RNase (+0.77) of IgG with their toxicity toward sperm. The correlation coefficients were also high between peroxidase activity (+0.85) of sIgA and poly(U) hydrolysis by IgG (+0.58) with their suppression of tumor cell growth. It has been suggested that the catalytic activities of abzymes may be important in the manifestation of their sperm toxicity and inhibition of cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Ol'ga D Zakharova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan Yu Kompaneets
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Anna M Timofeeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel S Dmitrenok
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Natalia I Menzorova
- G. B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Pr. 100 let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Kompaneets IY, Ermakov EA, Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Secretory immunoglobulin A from human milk hydrolyzes microRNA. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6782-6797. [PMID: 32600770 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For breast-fed infants, human milk is a source of various nutrients (e.g., proteins, peptides, antibodies) and bioactive components that promote neonatal growth and protect infants from viral and bacterial infection. Moreover, in terms of infant nutrition and protection the functions of many human milk components are very different from those of blood and other biological fluids of healthy adults. For example, catalytic antibodies ("abzymes") with synthetic activities (protein, oligosaccharide, and lipid kinase activities) have been found in human breast milk that are absent in the blood of healthy people. Abzymes with hydrolyzing functions have been detected not only in milk, but also in the blood of patients with autoimmune diseases. Obviously, feeding newborns human milk has a very specific role and it is a unique aspect of mammalian nutrition. Ribonuclease and DNase autoantibodies or abzymes are found in milk and blood of lactating women, but not in blood sera of healthy men and nonpregnant woman. Here, we present the first evidence that human milk secretory IgA molecules (sIgA) can effectively hydrolyze ribooligonucleotides containing 23 different bases [(pN)23 ribooligonucleotides] and 4 microRNAs: miR-9-5p, miR-219-2-3p, miR-137, and miR-219a-5p. Ribonuclease activity is an inherent property of sIgAs. We showed that 7 individual sIgAs hydrolyzed the ribooligonucleotides (pA)23, (pU)23, and (pC)23 nonspecifically and with comparable efficiency, whereas hydrolysis of the 4 microRNAs by sIgAs was site-specific. Sites of hydrolysis of 4 microRNAs by IgG from blood of patients with schizophrenia have been previously identified. The sites of hydrolysis of 4 microRNAs by sIgA-abzymes were very different from the previously identified sites of hydrolysis by IgG in patients with schizophrenia. In addition, in contrast to IgG, milk sIgAs efficiently hydrolyzed microRNAs in their loop and duplex regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Y Kompaneets
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SD of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SD of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey E Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SD of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SD of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Georgy A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SD of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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Kompaneets IY, Ermakov EA, Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. IgGs from Human Milk Hydrolyze microRNAs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102366. [PMID: 32443717 PMCID: PMC7287669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother’s milk provides breast-fed infants with various nutrients, including peptides, proteins, DNA, RNA, antibodies, and other bioactive components promoting neonatal growth and protecting infants from viral and bacterial infection. The functions of many human milk components regarding the nutrition and protection of newborns may be very different compared to those of various biological fluids of healthy adults. For example, human milk contains catalytic antibodies (abzymes) with protein, lipid, and oligosaccharide kinase activities, which are absent in the biological fluids of healthy people and autoimmune patients. Obviously, the nutrition of infants with fresh breast milk is a special phenomenon having a very specific and important role. Here, we have shown that mother’s milk IgGs effectively split homo-(pN)23, and four miRNAs: miR-137, miR-219a-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-9-5p. It was shown that ribonuclease activity is a unique property of milk IgGs. On average, individual IgGs hydrolyze (pA)23, (pU)23, and (pC)23 nonspecifically and with comparable efficiency, whereas the hydrolysis of four miRNAs is predominately site-specific. The specific sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by IgGs from the blood of schizophrenic (SCZ) patients and secretory immunoglobulins A (sIgAs) from human milk were found earlier. The sites of the hydrolysis of four miRNAs by milk IgGs and sIgA-abzymes are almost the same, but are significantly different in comparison with those for SCZ IgGs. In addition, in contrast to the SCZ IgGs, milk IgGs and sIgAs efficiently hydrolyzed miRNAs in the duplex regions formed by their terminal sequences.
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Sedykh MA, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Polyreactivity of natural antibodies: Exchange by HL-fragments. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:1305-1320. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Legostaeva GA, Zaksas NP, Gluhcheva YG, Sedykh SE, Madzharova ME, Atanassova NN, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Effect of CoCl2on the content of different metals and a relative activity of DNA-hydrolyzing abzymes in the blood plasma of mice. J Mol Recognit 2012; 26:10-22. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Legostaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; 8 Lavrentiev Ave.; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
| | - Nataliya P. Zaksas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; 10 Lavrentiev Ave.; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
| | - Yordanka G. Gluhcheva
- Institute of Experimental Morphology; Pathology and Anthropology with Museum-BAS; Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25; 1113; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; 8 Lavrentiev Ave.; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
| | - Maria E. Madzharova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology; Pathology and Anthropology with Museum-BAS; Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25; 1113; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Nina N. Atanassova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology; Pathology and Anthropology with Museum-BAS; Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 25; 1113; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; 8 Lavrentiev Ave.; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine; Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences; 8 Lavrentiev Ave.; Novosibirsk; 630090; Russia
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Sedykh SE, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Human milk sIgA molecules contain various combinations of different antigen-binding sites resulting in a multiple binding specificity of antibodies and enzymatic activities of abzymes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48756. [PMID: 23133657 PMCID: PMC3487837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the classic paradigm, immunoglobulins are monospecific molecules that have stable structures and two or more identical antigen-binding sites. However, we show here for the first time that the sIgA pool of human milk contains, depending on the donor, only 35±5% λ-sIgAs, 48±7% κ-sIgAs, and 17±4% of chimeric λ-κ-sIgAs. sIgA preparations contained no traces of canonical enzymes. However, all sIgA fractions eluted from several specific affinity sorbents under the conditions destroying even strong immune complexes demonstrated high catalytic activities in hydrolysis of ATP, DNA, and oligosaccharides, and phosphorylation of proteins, lipids, and oligosaccharides. Sequential re-chromatographies of the sIgA fractions with high affinity to one affinity sorbents on the second, third and then fourth affinity sorbents bearing other immobilized antigens led to the distribution of Abs and all catalytic activities all over the profiles of these chromatographies; in all cases some fractions eluted from affinity sorbents only under the conditions destroying strong immune complexes. In vitro, only an addition of reduced glutathione and milk plasma containing no Abs to two sIgA fractions with different affinity for DNA-cellulose led to a transition of up to 11–20% of Ab from one fraction to the other. Our data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between different IgA and sIgA molecules. In addition, it cannot be excluded that during the penetration of IgAs through the specific milk barrier, the secretory component (S) and the join chain (J) can combine molecules of dimeric H2L2 λ-IgAs and κ-IgAs against different antigens forming many different variants of H4L4SJ sIgA molecules. Therefore, some chimeric molecules of sIgA can contain from two to four HL-fragments to various antigens interacting with high affinity with different sorbents and catalyzing various chemical reactions. Our data essentially expand the ideas concerning explanation of the phenomenon of polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey E. Sedykh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N. Buneva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
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Human milk IgGs contain various combinations of different antigen-binding sites resulting in multiple variants of their bispecificity. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42942. [PMID: 22912765 PMCID: PMC3418227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the classic paradigm, immunoglobulins represent products of clonal B cell populations, each producing antibodies (Abs) recognizing a single antigen. There is a common belief that IgGs in mammalian biological fluids are monovalent molecules having stable structures and two identical antigen-binding sites. However, human milk IgGs to different antigens undergo extensive half-molecule exchange. In the IgGs pool, only 33±5% and 13±5% of Abs contained light chains exclusively of kappa- or lambda-type, respectively, while 54±10% of the IgGs contained both kappa- and lambda- light chains. All Ab preparations contained different amounts of IgGs of all four subclasses. Interestingly, lambda-IgGs contained an increased amount of IgG2 (87%) and only 3–6% of each of IgG1, IgG3, and IgG4, while kappa-IgGs consisted of comparable (17–32%) amounts of all IgG subtypes. Chimeric kappa-lambda-IgGs consisted of ∼74% IgG1, ∼16% IgG2, ∼5% IgG3 and ∼5% IgG4. As the result of the exchange, all IgG fractions eluted from several specific affinity sorbents under the conditions destroying strong immunocomplexes demonstrated high catalytic activities in hydrolysis of ATP, DNA, oligosaccharides, phosphorylation of proteins, lipids, and oligosaccharides. In vitro, an addition of reduced glutathione and milk plasma to two IgG fractions with different affinity for DNA-cellulose led to a transition of 25–60% of Ab of one fraction to the other fraction. Our data are indicative of the possibility of half-molecule exchange between milk IgGs of various subclasses, raised against different antigens (including abzymes), which explains the polyspecificity and cross-reactivity of these IgGs.
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Odintsova ES, Zaksas NP, Buneva VN, Nevinsky GA. Metal dependent hydrolysis of β-casein by sIgA antibodies from human milk. J Mol Recognit 2011; 24:45-59. [PMID: 20140974 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present the first evidence that electrophoretically and immunologically homogeneous sIgAs purified from milk of healthy human mothers by chromatography on Protein A-Sepharose and FPLC gel filtration contain intrinsically bound metal ions (Ca > Mg ≥ Al > Fe approximately Zn ≥ Ni ≥ Cu ≥ Mn), the removal of which by a dialysis against ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) leads to a significant decrease in the β-casein-hydrolyzing activity of these antibodies (Abs). An affinity chromatography of total sIgAs on benzamidine-Sepharose interacting with canonical serine proteases separates a small metalloprotease sIgA fraction (6.8 ± 2.4%) from the main part of these Abs with a serine protease-like β-casein-hydrolyzing activity. The relative activity of this metalloprotease sIgA fraction containing intrinsically bound metal ions increases ∼1.2-1.9-fold after addition of external metal ions (Mg(2+) > Fe(2+) > Cu(2+) ≥ Ca(2+) ≥ Mn(2+)) but decreases by 85 ± 7% after the removal of the intrinsically bound metals. The metalloprotease sIgA fraction free of intrinsic metal ions demonstrates a high β-casein-hydrolyzing activity in the presence of individual external metal ions (Fe(2+) > Ca(2+) > Co(2+) ≥ Ni(2+)) and especially several combinations of metals: Co(2+) + Ca(2+) < Mg(2+) + Ca(2+) < Ca(2+) + Zn(2+) < Fe(2+) + Zn(2+) < Fe(2+) + Co(2+) < Fe(2+) + Ca(2+). The patterns of hydrolysis of a 22-mer oligopeptide corresponding to one of sIgA-dependent specific cleavage sites in β-casein depend significantly on the metal used. Metal-dependent sIgAs demonstrate an extreme diversity in their affinity for casein-Sepharose and chelating Sepharose, and interact with Sepharoses bearing immobilized monoclonal mouse IgGs against λ- and κ-type light chains of human Abs. Possible ways of the production of metalloprotease abzymes (Abz) by human immune system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Odintsova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Nevinsky GA, Buneva VN. Peculiarities of abzymes from sera and milk of healthy donors and patients with autoimmune and viral diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:945-61. [PMID: 19916905 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297909090028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The detection of catalytic activity of antibodies is the earliest indicator of development of autoimmune diseases (AID). In early stages of AID, the repertoire of abzymes with various properties is relatively small, but it is greatly increased during their development. Catalytic diversity of the abzymes includes DNase, RNase, ATPase, and oxidoreductase activities; there are antibodies phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. This review summarizes new data on abzyme heterogeneity and possible reasons for this phenomenon. A possible role of abzymes and their exceptional multiplicity in the pathogenesis of different AID is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Nevinsky
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Karataeva NA, Nevinsky GA. Enzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2007; 72:367-79. [PMID: 17511601 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation plays an important role in regulation of living functions of organisms; phosphorylation may significantly alter chemical properties of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Canonical kinases catalyze transfer of terminal phosphate group from ATP (or other NTPs) to specific nucleophilic groups of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides. Recently, unique kinases, catalytically active antibodies (abzymes) phosphorylating proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides have also been discovered. This review highlights biological functions and enzymatic characteristics of canonical kinases and abzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Karataeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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