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Huang J, Wang C, Kuo C, Chang T, Liu Y, Hsiao T, Wang C, Yu C. Oxidative stress mediates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of KPNA2 via AKT1-CDK1 axis-regulated S62 phosphorylation. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:276-288. [PMID: 39114447 PMCID: PMC11301272 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Karyopherin α 2 (KPNA2, importin α1), a transport factor shuttling between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments, is involved in the nuclear import of proteins and participates in cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. However, it is still unclear which signaling regulates the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of KPNA2 in response to cellular stress. In this study, we report that oxidative stress increases nuclear retention of KPNA2 through alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1)-mediated reduction of serine 62 (S62) phosphorylation. We first found that AKT1 activation was required for H2O2-induced nuclear accumulation of KPNA2. Immunoprecipitation and quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that the phosphorylation of KPNA2 at S62 was decreased under H2O2-induced oxidative stress. We showed that cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), a kinase responsible for KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation, contributes to the localization of KPNA2 in the cytoplasm. AKT1 knockdown increased KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation and inhibited CDK1 activation. Furthermore, H2O2-induced AKT1 activation promoted nuclear KPNA2 interaction with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), resulting in attenuation of NPM1-mediated cyclin D1 gene transcription. Thus, we infer that the AKT1-CDK1 axis regulates the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and function of KPNA2 through spatiotemporal regulation of KPNA2 S62 phosphorylation under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie‐Xin Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chun‐I Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of MedicineChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Yu Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Wei Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chin Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Ting‐Feng Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chih‐Liang Wang
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Thoracic MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chia‐Jung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research CenterChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Thoracic MedicineChang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuanTaiwan
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Shakhi PK, Bijeesh MM, Hareesh J, Joseph T, Nandakumar P, K. Varier G. Size-dependent steady state saturation limit in biomolecular transport through nuclear membranes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297738. [PMID: 38626108 PMCID: PMC11020410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleus preserves the genomic DNA of eukaryotic organisms and maintains the integrity of the cell by regulating the transport of molecules across the nuclear membrane. It is hitherto assumed that small molecules having a size below the passive permeability limit are allowed to diffuse freely to the nucleus while the transport of larger molecules is regulated via an active mechanism involving energy. Here we report on the kinetics of nuclear import and export of dextran molecules having a size below the passive permeability limit. The studies carried out using time-lapse confocal fluorescence microscopy show a clear deviation from the passive diffusion model. In particular, it is observed that the steady-state concentration of dextran molecules inside the nucleus is consistently less than the concentration outside, in contradiction to the predictions of the passive diffusion model. Detailed analysis and modeling of the transport show that the nuclear export rates significantly differ from the import rates, and the difference in rates is dependent on the size of the molecules. The nuclear export rates are further confirmed by an independent experimental study where we observe the diffusion of dextran molecules from the nucleus directly. Our experiments and transport model would suggest that the nucleus actively rejects exogenous macromolecules even below the passive permeability limit. This result can have a significant impact on biomedical research, especially in areas related to targeted drug delivery and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Shakhi
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - M. M. Bijeesh
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - J. Hareesh
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Toby Joseph
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - P. Nandakumar
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
| | - Geetha K. Varier
- Department of Physics, BITS Pilani K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, India
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3
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El-Tanani M, Platt-Higgins A, Nsairat H, Matalka II, Ahmed KAA, Zhang SD, Alshaer W, Awidi A, Matchett KB, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Serrano-Aroca Á, Tambuwala MM, Rudland PS. Development and validation of Ran as a prognostic marker in stage I and stage II primary breast cancer. Life Sci 2023; 329:121964. [PMID: 37473800 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Existing prognostic biomarkers are inadequate for stratifying breast cancer patients with the highest risk of tumor progression at the time of diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Ran has predictive value for breast cancer (BC) patients as a whole, and for specific BC subtypes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ran expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in 263 patients with primary breast cancer diagnosed at the Breast Unit, Royal Liverpool Hospital. Additionally as an independent validation, we also analyzed the mRNA expressions of Ran, ER, PR, and Cerb-2, the triple-negative endocrine receptors, and their associations with patient survival in a combined patient cohorts of multiple public datasets (n = 1079). We analyzed the data with Spearman's rank correlation and Kaplan-Meier plots coupled with Wilcoxon-Gehan tests, respectively. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Ran nuclear, cytoplasmic, and total staining are substantially associated with poor survival, independent of conventional prognostic markers such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and lymph node status. According to the datasets, Ran was significantly correlated with distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). CONCLUSION We found that Ran expression is a unique predictive biomarker for patient survival, metastasis, and tumor relapse. This biomarker could be used for diagnostic purposes, using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsy samples from breast cancer patients in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE; Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
| | - Angela Platt-Higgins
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Cancer and Polio Research Fund Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Ismail I Matalka
- Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Khaled Abdul-Aziz Ahmed
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Shu-Dong Zhang
- Personalised Medicine Centre, School of Medicine, University of Ulster, UK
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Kyle B Matchett
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital Campus, Glenshane Road, Derry/Londonderry BT47 6SB, UK
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK.
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Cancer and Polio Research Fund Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
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Yu W, Rush C, Tingey M, Junod S, Yang W. Application of Super-resolution SPEED Microscopy in the Study of Cellular Dynamics. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:356-371. [PMID: 37501792 PMCID: PMC10369678 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Super-resolution imaging techniques have broken the diffraction-limited resolution of light microscopy. However, acquiring three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution information about structures and dynamic processes in live cells at high speed remains challenging. Recently, the development of high-speed single-point edge-excitation subdiffraction (SPEED) microscopy, along with its 2D-to-3D transformation algorithm, provides a practical and effective approach to achieving 3D subdiffraction-limit information in subcellular structures and organelles with rotational symmetry. One of the major benefits of SPEED microscopy is that it does not rely on complex optical components and can be implemented on a standard, inverted epifluorescence microscope, simplifying the process of sample preparation and the expertise requirement. SPEED microscopy is specifically designed to obtain 2D spatial locations of individual immobile or moving fluorescent molecules inside submicrometer biological channels or cavities at high spatiotemporal resolution. The collected data are then subjected to postlocalization 2D-to-3D transformation to obtain 3D super-resolution structural and dynamic information. In recent years, SPEED microscopy has provided significant insights into nucleocytoplasmic transport across the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and cytoplasm-cilium trafficking through the ciliary transition zone. This Review focuses on the applications of SPEED microscopy in studying the structure and function of nuclear pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Yu
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Coby Rush
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Mark Tingey
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Samuel Junod
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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5
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Travis AM, Manocha S, Willer JR, Wessler TS, Skiba NP, Pearring JN. Disrupting the ciliary gradient of active Arl3 affects rod photoreceptor nuclear migration. eLife 2023; 12:80533. [PMID: 36598133 PMCID: PMC9831603 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Arl3 is important for the enrichment of lipidated proteins to primary cilia, including the outer segment of photoreceptors. Human mutations in the small GTPase Arl3 cause both autosomal recessive and dominant inherited retinal dystrophies. We discovered that dominant mutations result in increased active G-protein-Arl3-D67V has constitutive activity and Arl3-Y90C is fast cycling-and their expression in mouse rods resulted in a displaced nuclear phenotype due to an aberrant Arl3-GTP gradient. Using multiple strategies, we go on to show that removing or restoring the Arl3-GTP gradient within the cilium is sufficient to rescue the nuclear migration defect. Together, our results reveal that an Arl3 ciliary gradient is involved in proper positioning of photoreceptor nuclei during retinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Travis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Samiya Manocha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Jason R Willer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Timothy S Wessler
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUnited States
| | - Nikolai P Skiba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Jillian N Pearring
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Michigan-Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan–Ann ArborAnn ArborUnited States
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Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Hijacks Host IPO5 to Sustain the Intracytoplasmic Stability of Its Capsid Protein. J Virol 2022; 96:e0152222. [PMID: 36409110 PMCID: PMC9749456 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01522-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear entrance and stability of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the smallest virus in mammals, are crucial for its infection and replication. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that the PCV2 virion maintains self-stability via the host importin 5 (IPO5) during infection. Coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry and glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays showed that the capsid protein (Cap) of PCV2 binds directly to IPO5. Fine identification demonstrated that the N-terminal residue arginine24 of Cap is the most critical to efficient binding to the proline709 residue of IPO5. Detection of replication ability further showed that IPO5 supports PCV2 replication by promoting the nuclear import of incoming PCV2 virions. Knockdown of IPO5 delayed the nuclear transport of incoming PCV2 virions and significantly decreased the intracellular levels of overexpressed PCV2 Cap, which was reversed by treatment with a proteasome inhibitor or by rescuing IPO5 expression. Cycloheximide treatment showed that IPO5 increases the stability of the PCV2 Cap protein. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that during infection, IPO5 facilitates PCV2 replication by directly binding to the nuclear localization signal of Cap to block proteasome degradation. IMPORTANCE Circovirus is the smallest virus to cause immune suppression in pigs. The capsid protein (Cap) is the only viral structural protein that is closely related to viral infection. The nuclear entry and stability of Cap are necessary for PCV2 replication. However, the molecular mechanism maintaining the stability of Cap during nuclear trafficking of PCV2 is unknown. Here, we report that IPO5 aggregates within the nuclear periphery and combines with incoming PCV2 capsids to promote their nuclear entry. Concurrently, IPO5 inhibits the degradation of newly synthesized Cap protein, which facilitates the synthesis of virus proteins and virus replication. These findings highlight a mechanism whereby IPO5 plays a dual role in PCV2 infection, which not only enriches our understanding of the virus replication cycle but also lays the foundation for the subsequent development of antiviral drugs.
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Nuclear transport and subcellular localization of the dystrophin Dp71 and Dp40 isoforms in the PC12 cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:125-132. [PMID: 36155058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shortest dystrophins, Dp71 and Dp40, are transcribed from the DMD gene through an internal promoter located in intron 62. These proteins are the main product of the DMD gene in the nervous system and have been involved in various functions related to cellular differentiation and proliferation as well as other cellular processes. Dp71 mRNA undergoes alternative splicing that results in different Dp71 protein isoforms. The subcellular localization of some of these isoforms in the PC12 cell line has been previously reported, and a differential subcellular distribution was observed, which suggests a particular role for each isoform. With the aim of obtaining information on their function, this study identified factors involved in the nuclear transport of Dp71 and Dp40 isoforms in the PC12 cell line. Cell cultures were treated with specific nuclear import/export inhibitors to determine the Dp71 isoform transport routes. The results showed that all isoforms of Dp71 and Dp40 included in the analysis have the ability to enter the cell nucleus through α/β importin, and the main route of nuclear export for Dp71 isoforms is through the exportin CRM1, which is not the case for Dp40.
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Lozano-Edo S, Roselló-Lletí E, Sánchez-Lázaro I, Tarazón E, Portolés M, Ezzitouny M, Lopez-Vilella R, Arnau MA, Almenar L, Martínez-Dolz L. Cardiac Allograft Rejection Induces Changes in Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: RANGAP1 as a Potential Non-Invasive Biomarker. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12060913. [PMID: 35743697 PMCID: PMC9225640 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-invasive diagnosis of acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a major challenge. We performed a molecular study analyzing the predictive capacity of serum RanGTPase AP1 (RANGAP1) for diagnosing ACR during the first year after heart transplantation (HT). We included the serum samples of 75 consecutive HT patients, extracted after clinical stability, to determine the RANGAP1 levels through ELISA. In addition, various clinical, analytical, and echocardiographic variables, as well as endomyocardial biopsy results, were collected. RANGAP1 levels were higher in patients who developed ACR (median 63.15 ng/mL; (inter-quartile range (IQR), 36.61–105.69) vs. 35.33 ng/mL (IQR, 19.18–64.59); p = 0.02). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed that RANGAP1 differentiated between patients with and without ACR (area under curve (AUC), 0.70; p = 0.02), and a RANGAP1 level exceeding the cut-off point (≥90 ng/mL) was identified as a risk factor for the development of ACR (OR, 6.8; p = 0.006). Two independent predictors of ACR identified in this study were higher RANGAP1 and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. The analysis of the ROC curve of the model showed a significant AUC of 0.77, p = 0.001. Our findings suggest that RANGAP1 quantification facilitates risk prediction for the occurrence of ACR and could be considered as a novel non-invasive biomarker of ACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lozano-Edo
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sánchez-Lázaro
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maryem Ezzitouny
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Raquel Lopez-Vilella
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Miguel Angel Arnau
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
| | - Luis Almenar
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic La Fe Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (I.S.-L.); (M.E.); (R.L.-V.); (M.A.A.); (L.A.); (L.M.-D.)
- Clinical and Translational Research Group in Cardiology, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026 Valencia, Spain; (E.R.-L.); (E.T.); (M.P.)
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Cardiovascular Diseases (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares: CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, El Sayyed H, Bian J, Lin J, Li X. Transcription factor dynamics in plants: Insights and technologies for in vivo imaging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:23-36. [PMID: 35134239 PMCID: PMC9070795 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and genetic approaches have been extensively used to study transcription factor (TF) functions, but their dynamic behaviors and the complex ways in which they regulate transcription in plant cells remain unexplored, particularly behaviors such as translocation and binding to DNA. Recent developments in labeling and imaging techniques provide the necessary sensitivity and resolution to study these behaviors in living cells. In this review, we present an up-to-date portrait of the dynamics and regulation of TFs under physiologically relevant conditions and then summarize recent advances in fluorescent labeling strategies and imaging techniques. We then discuss future prospects and challenges associated with the application of these techniques to examine TFs' intricate dance in living plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuqing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hafez El Sayyed
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Jiahui Bian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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The role of RNA binding proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114114. [PMID: 35063534 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of overall cancer deaths worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Due to the heterogeneity of HCC pathogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC development are not fully understood. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a vital role throughout hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, a deeper understanding of how RBPs contribute to HCC progression will provide new tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of this devastating disease. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles of RBPs and their roles in hepatocarcinogenesis. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of RBPs in HCC, including their limitations, are also discussed.
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Kim E, Mordovkina DA, Sorokin A. Targeting XPO1-Dependent Nuclear Export in Cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:S178-S70. [PMID: 35501995 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules is tightly regulated in eukaryotic cells. XPO1 is a transport factor responsible for the nuclear export of several hundred protein and RNA substrates. Elevated levels of XPO1 and recurrent mutations have been reported in multiple cancers and linked to advanced disease stage and poor survival. In recent years, several novel small-molecule inhibitors of XPO1 were developed and extensively tested in preclinical cancer models and eventually in clinical trials. In this brief review, we summarize the functions of XPO1, its role in cancer, and the latest results of clinical trials of XPO1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kim
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Daria A Mordovkina
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey Sorokin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Ramic M, Andrade NS, Rybin MJ, Esanov R, Wahlestedt C, Benatar M, Zeier Z. Epigenetic Small Molecules Rescue Nucleocytoplasmic Transport and DNA Damage Phenotypes in C9ORF72 ALS/FTD. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11111543. [PMID: 34827542 PMCID: PMC8616043 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease with available treatments only marginally slowing progression or improving survival. A hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the C9ORF72 gene is the most commonly known genetic cause of both sporadic and familial cases of ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The C9ORF72 expansion mutation produces five dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs), and while the mechanistic determinants of DPR-mediated neurotoxicity remain incompletely understood, evidence suggests that disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport and increased DNA damage contributes to pathology. Therefore, characterizing these disturbances and determining the relative contribution of different DPRs is needed to facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for C9ALS/FTD. To this end, we generated a series of nucleocytoplasmic transport “biosensors”, composed of the green fluorescent protein (GFP), fused to different classes of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and nuclear export signals (NESs). Using these biosensors in conjunction with automated microscopy, we investigated the role of the three most neurotoxic DPRs (PR, GR, and GA) on seven nuclear import and two export pathways. In addition to other DPRs, we found that PR had pronounced inhibitory effects on the classical nuclear export pathway and several nuclear import pathways. To identify compounds capable of counteracting the effects of PR on nucleocytoplasmic transport, we developed a nucleocytoplasmic transport assay and screened several commercially available compound libraries, totaling 2714 compounds. In addition to restoring nucleocytoplasmic transport efficiencies, hits from the screen also counteract the cytotoxic effects of PR. Selected hits were subsequently tested for their ability to rescue another C9ALS/FTD phenotype—persistent DNA double strand breakage. Overall, we found that DPRs disrupt multiple nucleocytoplasmic transport pathways and we identified small molecules that counteract these effects—resulting in increased viability of PR-expressing cells and decreased DNA damage markers in patient-derived motor neurons. Several HDAC inhibitors were validated as hits, supporting previous studies that show that HDAC inhibitors confer therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ramic
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Nadja S. Andrade
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Matthew J. Rybin
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Rustam Esanov
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St., Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Zane Zeier
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.R.); (N.S.A.); (M.J.R.); (R.E.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-305-243-1367
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13
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Ippolito D, Thapliyal S, Glauser DA. Ca 2+/CaM binding to CaMKI promotes IMA-3 importin binding and nuclear translocation in sensory neurons to control behavioral adaptation. eLife 2021; 10:71443. [PMID: 34766550 PMCID: PMC8635976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory and behavioral plasticity are essential for animals to thrive in changing environments. As key effectors of intracellular calcium signaling, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) can bridge neural activation with the many regulatory processes needed to orchestrate sensory adaptation, including by relaying signals to the nucleus. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism controlling the cell activation-dependent nuclear translocation of CMK-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog of mammalian CaMKI/IV, in thermosensory neurons in vivo. We show that an intracellular Ca2+ concentration elevation is necessary and sufficient to favor CMK-1 nuclear import. The binding of Ca2+/CaM to CMK-1 increases its affinity for IMA-3 importin, causing a redistribution with a relatively slow kinetics, matching the timescale of sensory adaptation. Furthermore, we show that this mechanism enables the encoding of opposite nuclear signals in neuron types with opposite calcium-responses and that it is essential for experience-dependent behavioral plasticity and gene transcription control in vivo. Since CaMKI/IV are conserved regulators of adaptable behaviors, similar mechanisms could exist in other organisms and for other sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Ippolito
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Saurabh Thapliyal
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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14
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Xiong F, Groot EP, Zhang Y, Li S. Functions of plant importin β proteins beyond nucleocytoplasmic transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6140-6149. [PMID: 34089597 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, nuclear activities are isolated from other cellular functions by the nuclear envelope. Because the nuclear envelope provides a diffusion barrier for macromolecules, a complex nuclear transport machinery has evolved that is highly conserved from yeast to plants and mammals. Among those components, the importin β family is the most important one. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the biological function of importin β family members, including development, reproduction, abiotic stress responses, and plant immunity. In addition to the traditional nuclear transport function, we highlight the new molecular functions of importin β, including protein turnover, miRNA regulation, and signaling. Taken together, our review will provide a systematic view of this versatile protein family in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Edwin P Groot
- Sino-German Joint Research Center for Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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15
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Marretta AL, Di Lorenzo G, Ribera D, Cannella L, von Arx C, Bracigliano A, Clemente O, Tafuto R, Pizzolorusso A, Tafuto S. Selinexor and the Selective Inhibition of Nuclear Export: A New Perspective on the Treatment of Sarcomas and Other Solid and Non-Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091522. [PMID: 34575598 PMCID: PMC8466603 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleocytoplasmic transport has been found dysregulated in many types of cancer and is often described as a poor prognostic factor. Specifically, Exportin-1 (XPO1) has been found overexpressed in many tumors and has become an attractive target in molecular oncology and therapeutics development. The selective inhibitor of nuclear export, Selinexor, is one of the most scientifically interesting drugs that targets XPO1 in clinical development. In this review, we summarized the most relevant preclinical and clinical results achieved for non-solid tumors, sarcomas, and other kind of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lucia Marretta
- Department of Clinical and Surgery Oncology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.L.); (L.C.); (O.C.); (A.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Dario Ribera
- Department of Clinical and Surgery Oncology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Cannella
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.L.); (L.C.); (O.C.); (A.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Claudia von Arx
- Department of Breast and Thoracic Oncology, Division of Breast Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Bracigliano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Via M. Semmola 53, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ottavia Clemente
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.L.); (L.C.); (O.C.); (A.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Roberto Tafuto
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pizzolorusso
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.L.); (L.C.); (O.C.); (A.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Salvatore Tafuto
- Sarcomas and Rare Tumors Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori—IRCCS, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.L.); (L.C.); (O.C.); (A.P.); (S.T.)
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16
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Erokhina TN, Ryazantsev DY, Samokhvalova LV, Mozhaev AA, Orsa AN, Zavriev SK, Morozov SY. Activity of Chemically Synthesized Peptide Encoded by the miR156A Precursor and Conserved in the Brassicaceae Family Plants. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:551-562. [PMID: 33993858 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It was recently found that the primary transcripts of some microRNA genes (pri-miRNAs) are able to express peptides with 12 to 40 residues in length. These peptides, called miPEPs, participate in the transcriptional regulation of their own pri-miRNAs. In our previous studies, we used bioinformatic approach for comparative analysis of pri-miRNA sequences in plant genomes to identify a new group of miPEPs (miPEP-156a peptides) encoded by pri-miR156a in several dozen species of the Brassicaceae family. Exogenous miPEP-156a peptides could efficiently penetrate into the plant seedlings through the root system and spread systemically to the leaves. The peptides produced moderate morphological effect accelerating primary root growth. In parallel, the miPEP-156a peptides upregulated expression of their own pri-miR156a. Importantly, the observed effects at both morphological and molecular levels correlated with the peptide ability to quickly translocate into the cell nucleus and to bind chromatin. In this work, we established secondary structure of the miPEP-156a and demonstrated its changes induced by formation of the peptide complex with DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana N Erokhina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Larisa V Samokhvalova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey A Mozhaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orsa
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey K Zavriev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Morozov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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17
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Zhang Q, Hu Q, Wang J, Miao Z, Li Z, Zhao Y, Wan B, Allen EG, Sun M, Jin P, Xu X. Stress modulates Ahi1-dependent nuclear localization of Ten-Eleven Translocation Protein 2. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2149-2160. [PMID: 34218273 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases. Recent evidence supports that environmental stress affects gene expression and promotes the pathological process of depression through epigenetic mechanisms. Three Ten-Eleven Translocation (Tet) enzymes are epigenetic regulators of gene expression that promote 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification of genes. Here, we show that the loss of Tet2 can induce depression-like phenotypes in mice. Paradoxically, using the paradigms of chronic stress, such as chronic mild stress (CMS) and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), we found that depressive behaviors were associated with increased Tet2 expression but decreased global 5hmC level in hippocampus. We examined the genome-wide 5hmC profile in the hippocampus of Tet2 knockout mice and identified 651 dynamically hydroxymethylated regions, some of which overlapped with known depression-associated loci. We further showed that chronic stress could induce the abnormal nuclear translocation of Tet2 protein from cytosol. Through Tet2 immunoprecipitation and mass spectrum analyses, we identified a cellular trafficking protein, Abelson helper integration site-1 (Ahi1), which could interact with Tet2 protein. Ahi1 knockout or knockdown caused the accumulation of Tet2 in cytosol. The reduction of Ahi1 protein under chronic stress explained the abnormal Ahi1-dependent nuclear translocation of Tet2. These findings together provide the evidence for a critical role of modulating Tet2 nuclear translocation in regulating stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Qicheng Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Wan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Emily G Allen
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Miao Sun
- The Institute of Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Departments of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou City, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Lee CP, Chen MR. Conquering the Nuclear Envelope Barriers by EBV Lytic Replication. Viruses 2021; 13:702. [PMID: 33919628 PMCID: PMC8073350 DOI: 10.3390/v13040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) of eukaryotic cells has a highly structural architecture, comprising double lipid-bilayer membranes, nuclear pore complexes, and an underlying nuclear lamina network. The NE structure is held in place through the membrane-bound LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex, spanning the inner and outer nuclear membranes. The NE functions as a barrier between the nucleus and cytoplasm and as a transverse scaffold for various cellular processes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world's population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. From the aspects of nuclear membrane structure, viral components, and fundamental nucleocytoplasmic transport controls, this review summarizes our findings and recently updated information on NE structure modification and NE-related cellular processes mediated by EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Pei Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 112303, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Ru Chen
- Graduate Institute and Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
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19
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Li M, Xu Z, Zou X, Wang Y, Li Y, Ou X, Deng Y, Guo Y, Gan W, Chen D, Peng T, Xiao J, Cai M. Intracellular distribution of pseudorabies virus UL2 and detection of its nuclear import mechanism. Biol Chem 2021; 401:309-317. [PMID: 31665103 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) UL2 (pUL2) is a multifunctional protein, which is homologous with herpes simplex virus 1 early protein UL2 (hUL2) and crucial for the viral propagation. Yet, how pUL2 executes its roles in the viral life cycle remain inadequately understood. In order to uncover its effect on the procedure of PRV infection, investigation was performed to examine the subcellular distribution of pUL2 and establish its trafficking mechanism. In the present study, enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Myc tag fused pUL2 was transiently overexpressed in transfected cells and exhibited an absolutely nuclear accumulation without the existence of other PRV proteins. Additionally, the nuclear trafficking of pUL2 was proved to rely on Ran-, transportin-1, importin β1, importin α1, α3 and α5. Accordingly, these data will benefit the knowledge of pUL2-mediated biological effects in PRV infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxi Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjie Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong, China
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20
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Zhang CF, Wang HM, Wu A, Li Y, Tian XL. FHA domain of AGGF1 is essential for its nucleocytoplasmic transport and angiogenesis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1884-1894. [PMID: 33471274 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1844-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenic factor with G-patch and FHA domains 1 (AGGF1) exhibits a dynamic distribution from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, but the biological significance and underlying mechanism of this nucleocytoplasmic transport remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the dynamic distribution is essential for AGGF1 to execute its angiogenic function. To search the structural bases for this nucleocytoplasmic transport, we characterized three potential nuclear localization regions, one potential nuclear export region, forkhead-associated (FHA), and G-patch domains to determine their effects on nucleocytoplasmic transport and angiogenesis, and we show that AGGF1 remains intact during the dynamic subcellular distribution and the region from 260 to 288 amino acids acts as a signal for its nuclear localization. The distribution of AGGF1 in cytoplasm needs both FHA domain and 14-3-3α/β. Binding of AGGF1 via FHA domain to 14-3-3α/β is required to complete the transport. Thus, we for the first time established structural bases for the nucleocytoplasmic transport of AGGF1 and revealed that the FHA domain of AGGF1 is essential for its nucleocytoplasmic transport and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Fang Zhang
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Han-Ming Wang
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Andong Wu
- Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Department of Human Population Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Aging and Vascular Diseases, Human Aging Research Institute and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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21
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Deveshwar P, Sharma S, Prusty A, Sinha N, Zargar SM, Karwal D, Parashar V, Singh S, Tyagi AK. Analysis of rice nuclear-localized seed-expressed proteins and their database (RSNP-DB). Sci Rep 2020; 10:15116. [PMID: 32934280 PMCID: PMC7492263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear proteins are primarily regulatory factors governing gene expression. Multiple factors determine the localization of a protein in the nucleus. An upright identification of nuclear proteins is way far from accuracy. We have attempted to combine information from subcellular prediction tools, experimental evidence, and nuclear proteome data to identify a reliable list of seed-expressed nuclear proteins in rice. Depending upon the number of prediction tools calling a protein nuclear, we could sort 19,441 seed expressed proteins into five categories. Of which, half of the seed-expressed proteins were called nuclear by at least one out of four prediction tools. Further, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and transcription factor composition analysis showed that 6116 seed-expressed proteins could be called nuclear with a greater assertion. Localization evidence from experimental data was available for 1360 proteins. Their analysis showed that a 92.04% accuracy of a nuclear call is valid for proteins predicted nuclear by at least three tools. Distribution of nuclear localization signals and nuclear export signals showed that the majority of category four members were nuclear resident proteins, whereas other categories have a low fraction of nuclear resident proteins and significantly higher constitution of shuttling proteins. We compiled all the above information for the seed-expressed genes in the form of a searchable database named Rice Seed Nuclear Protein DataBase (RSNP-DB) https://pmb.du.ac.in/rsnpdb. This information will be useful for comprehending the role of seed nuclear proteome in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Deveshwar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Sharma
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Prusty
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sinha
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.,Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Divya Karwal
- Institute of Informatics and Communications, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Parashar
- Institute of Informatics and Communications, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Singh
- Institute of Informatics and Communications, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Tyagi
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics and Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, South Campus, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Neddylation promotes protein translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:991-997. [PMID: 32819610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neddylation is an ubiquitin-like modification of proteins that affects the activity, stability and protein-protein interaction of its substrates. Apart from its role as a promoter for Cullin ring E3 ligase to positively regulate the ubiquitylation process, other functional studies about neddylation are still lacking. In this study, we developed a system to explore the impact of neddylation on changes in the subcellular localization of proteins at the omics level. By applying a method combining subcellular protein extraction and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), 81 proteins with a tendency to shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to different neddylation levels were obtained. Among the 81 candidates, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45a (Gadd45a) were confirmed as novel substrates of Nedd8, and neddylation promotes TAK1 nuclear import as well as Gadd45a nuclear export.
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23
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Zhang S, Williamson NA, Duvick L, Lee A, Orr HT, Korlin-Downs A, Yang P, Mok YF, Jans DA, Bogoyevitch MA. The ataxin-1 interactome reveals direct connection with multiple disrupted nuclear transport pathways. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3343. [PMID: 32620905 PMCID: PMC7334205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract form of ataxin-1 drives disease progression in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Although known to form distinctive intranuclear bodies, the cellular pathways and processes that polyQ-ataxin-1 influences remain poorly understood. Here we identify the direct and proximal partners constituting the interactome of ataxin-1[85Q] in Neuro-2a cells, pathways analyses indicating a significant enrichment of essential nuclear transporters, pointing to disruptions in nuclear transport processes in the presence of elevated levels of ataxin-1. Our direct assessments of nuclear transporters and their cargoes confirm these observations, revealing disrupted trafficking often with relocalisation of transporters and/or cargoes to ataxin-1[85Q] nuclear bodies. Analogous changes in importin-β1, nucleoporin 98 and nucleoporin 62 nuclear rim staining are observed in Purkinje cells of ATXN1[82Q] mice. The results highlight a disruption of multiple essential nuclear protein trafficking pathways by polyQ-ataxin-1, a key contribution to furthering understanding of pathogenic mechanisms initiated by polyQ tract proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lisa Duvick
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Alexander Lee
- Nuclear Signalling Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Harry T Orr
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Austin Korlin-Downs
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Praseuth Yang
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yee-Foong Mok
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David A Jans
- Nuclear Signalling Lab., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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24
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Bitetto G, Di Fonzo A. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects and protein aggregates in neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:25. [PMID: 32616075 PMCID: PMC7333321 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing process of uncovering molecular abnormalities in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by toxic protein aggregates, nucleo-cytoplasmic transport defects have an emerging role. Several pieces of evidence suggest a link between neuronal protein inclusions and nuclear pore complex (NPC) damage. These processes lead to oxidative stress, inefficient transcription, and aberrant DNA/RNA maintenance. The clinical and neuropathological spectrum of NPC defects is broad, ranging from physiological aging to a suite of neurodegenerative diseases. A better understanding of the shared pathways among these conditions may represent a significant step toward dissecting their underlying molecular mechanisms, opening the way to a real possibility of identifying common therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bitetto
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Di Fonzo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Dino Ferrari Center, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Boudhraa Z, Carmona E, Provencher D, Mes-Masson AM. Ran GTPase: A Key Player in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:345. [PMID: 32528950 PMCID: PMC7264121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ran (Ras-related nuclear protein) GTPase is a member of the Ras superfamily. Like all the GTPases, Ran cycles between an active (GTP-bound) and inactive (GDP-bound) state. However, Ran lacks the CAAX motif at its C-terminus, a feature of other small GTPases that ensures a plasma membrane localization, and largely traffics between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Ran regulates nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of molecules through the nuclear pore complex and controls cell cycle progression through the regulation of microtubule polymerization and mitotic spindle formation. The disruption of Ran expression has been linked to cancer at different levels - from cancer initiation to metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the contribution of Ran in the acquisition of three hallmarks of cancer, namely, proliferative signaling, resistance to apoptosis, and invasion/metastasis, and highlight its prognostic value in cancer patients. In addition, we discuss the use of this GTPase as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zied Boudhraa
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Euridice Carmona
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Provencher
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du Cancer de Montréal (ICM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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26
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Molecular anatomy of the subcellular localization and nuclear import mechanism of herpes simplex virus 1 UL6. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5751-5763. [PMID: 32235005 PMCID: PMC7185102 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As an indispensable structure protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL6 has been described to exert numerous roles in viral proliferation. However, its exact subcellular localization and subcellular transport mechanism is not well known. In the present study, by utilizing confocal fluorescent microscopy, UL6 was shown to mainly locate in the nucleus in enhanced yellow fluorescent protein or Flag tag fused expression plasmid-transfected cells or HSV-1-infected cells, whereas its predicted nuclear localization signal was nonfunctional. In addition, by exploiting dominant negative mutant and inhibitor of different nuclear import receptors, as well as co-immunoprecipitation and RNA interference assays, UL6 was established to interact with importin α1, importin α7 and transportin-1 to mediate its nuclear translocation under the help of Ran-mediated GTP hydrolysis. Accordingly, these results will advance the knowledge of UL6-mediated biological significances in HSV-1 infection cycle.
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27
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Affinity for DNA Contributes to NLS Independent Nuclear Localization of MeCP2. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2213-2220. [PMID: 30157418 PMCID: PMC6130050 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MeCP2 is a nuclear protein that is mutated in the severe neurological disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). The ability to target β-galactosidase to the nucleus was previously used to identify a conserved nuclear localization signal (NLS) in MeCP2 that interacts with the nuclear import factors KPNA3 and KPNA4. Here, we report that nuclear localization of MeCP2 does not depend on its NLS. Instead, our data reveal that an intact methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) is sufficient for nuclear localization, suggesting that MeCP2 can be retained in the nucleus by its affinity for DNA. Consistent with these findings, we demonstrate that disease progression in a mouse model of RTT is unaffected by an inactivating mutation in the NLS of MeCP2. Taken together, our work reveals an unexpected redundancy between functional domains of MeCP2 in targeting this protein to the nucleus, potentially explaining why NLS-inactivating mutations are rarely associated with disease. Nuclear localization of MeCP2 does not require its NLS DNA binding by MeCP2 contributes to its NLS-independent nuclear localization MeCP2 NLS mutation does not affect pathology in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
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28
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Li Y, Wu Y, Wang M, Ma Y, Jia R, Chen S, Zhu D, Liu M, Yang Q, Zhao X, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Zhang L, Liu Y, Yu Y, Pan L, Tian B, Rehman MU, Chen X, Cheng A. Duplicate US1 Genes of Duck Enteritis Virus Encode a Non-essential Immediate Early Protein Localized to the Nucleus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:463. [PMID: 32010642 PMCID: PMC6979402 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The duplicate US1 genes of duck enteritis virus (DEV) encode a protein with a conserved Herpes_IE68 domain, which was found to be closely related to the herpes virus immediate early regulatory protein family and is highly conserved among counterparts encoded by Herpes_IE68 genes. Previous studies found the homologous proteins HSV-1 ICP22 and VZV ORF63/ORF70 to be critical for virus transcription and replication. However, little is known about the DEV ICP22 protein. In this paper, we describe the characteristics of this protein based on pharmacological experiments, real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. We also investigate the role of the protein in DEV replication via mutation of US1. As a result, we found that the DEV ICP22 protein is a non-essential immediate early protein predominantly located in the nucleus of infected DEF cells and that DEV replication is impaired by US1 deletion. We also found that ICP22 contains a classical nuclear localization signal (NLS) at 305-312AA, and ICP22 cannot enter the nucleus by itself after mutating residue 309.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguang Li
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - YunChao Ma
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Sai Mao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yunya Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yanling Yu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Leichang Pan
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Bin Tian
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Mujeeb Ur Rehman
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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29
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Cornelissen LM, Drenth AP, van der Burg E, de Bruijn R, Pritchard CEJ, Huijbers IJ, Zwart W, Jonkers J. TRPS1 acts as a context-dependent regulator of mammary epithelial cell growth/differentiation and breast cancer development. Genes Dev 2019; 34:179-193. [PMID: 31879358 PMCID: PMC7000918 DOI: 10.1101/gad.331371.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Cornelissen et al. set out to elucidate the role of the GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor TRPS1 in breast cancer. Using in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function approaches, the authors demonstrate that TRPS1 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while being essential for growth and differentiation of normal mammary epithelial cells. The GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor TRPS1 has been implicated in breast cancer. However, its precise role remains unclear, as both amplifications and inactivating mutations in TRPS1 have been reported. Here, we used in vitro and in vivo loss-of-function approaches to dissect the role of TRPS1 in mammary gland development and invasive lobular breast carcinoma, which is hallmarked by functional loss of E-cadherin. We show that TRPS1 is essential in mammary epithelial cells, since TRPS1-mediated suppression of interferon signaling promotes in vitro proliferation and lactogenic differentiation. Similarly, TRPS1 expression is indispensable for proliferation of mammary organoids and in vivo survival of luminal epithelial cells during mammary gland development. However, the consequences of TRPS1 loss are dependent on E-cadherin status, as combined inactivation of E-cadherin and TRPS1 causes persistent proliferation of mammary organoids and accelerated mammary tumor formation in mice. Together, our results demonstrate that TRPS1 can function as a context-dependent tumor suppressor in breast cancer, while being essential for growth and differentiation of normal mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette M Cornelissen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Paulien Drenth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo J Huijbers
- Transgenic Core Facility, Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA), The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Zwart
- Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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30
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Subcellular Localization Signals of bHLH-PAS Proteins: Their Significance, Current State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194746. [PMID: 31554340 PMCID: PMC6801399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bHLH-PAS (basic helix-loop-helix/ Period-ARNT-Single minded) proteins are a family of transcriptional regulators commonly occurring in living organisms. bHLH-PAS members act as intracellular and extracellular "signals" sensors, initiating response to endo- and exogenous signals, including toxins, redox potential, and light. The activity of these proteins as transcription factors depends on nucleocytoplasmic shuttling: the signal received in the cytoplasm has to be transduced, via translocation, to the nucleus. It leads to the activation of transcription of particular genes and determines the cell response to different stimuli. In this review, we aim to present the current state of knowledge concerning signals that affect shuttling of bHLH-PAS transcription factors. We summarize experimentally verified and published nuclear localization signals/nuclear export signals (NLSs/NESs) in the context of performed in silico predictions. We have used most of the available NLS/NES predictors. Importantly, all our results confirm the existence of a complex system responsible for protein localization regulation that involves many localization signals, which activity has to be precisely controlled. We conclude that the current stage of knowledge in this area is still not complete and for most of bHLH-PAS proteins an experimental verification of the activity of further NLS/NES is needed.
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31
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Han T, Jiang S, Zheng H, Yin Q, Xie M, Little MR, Yin X, Chen M, Song SJ, Beg AA, Pandolfi PP, Wan L. Interplay between c-Src and the APC/C co-activator Cdh1 regulates mammary tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3716. [PMID: 31420536 PMCID: PMC6697746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) coactivator Cdh1 drives proper cell cycle progression and is implicated in the suppression of tumorigenesis. However, it remains elusive how Cdh1 restrains cancer progression and how tumor cells escape the inhibition of Cdh1. Here we report that Cdh1 suppresses the kinase activity of c-Src in an APC-independent manner. Depleting Cdh1 accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation and cooperates with PTEN loss to promote breast tumor progression in mice. Hyperactive c-Src, on the other hand, reciprocally inhibits the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of APCCdh1 through direct phosphorylation of Cdh1 at its N-terminus, which disrupts the interaction between Cdh1 and the APC core complex. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of c-Src restores APCCdh1 tumor suppressor function to repress a panel of APCCdh1 oncogenic substrates. Our findings reveal a reciprocal feedback circuit of Cdh1 and c-Src in the crosstalk between the cell cycle machinery and the c-Src signaling pathway. The Anaphase Promoting Complex adaptor protein Cdh1 tightly controls cell cycle progression to restrain tumorigenesis but the mechanism is not completely known. Here, the authors show that reciprocal inhibition between Cdh1 and the c-Src signaling pathway regulate breast cancer tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Qing Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Margaret R Little
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Xiu Yin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Oncology, Affiliated Jining NO.1 People's Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272000, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Su Jung Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Goeckel ME, Basgall EM, Lewis IC, Goetting SC, Yan Y, Halloran M, Finnigan GC. Modulating CRISPR gene drive activity through nucleocytoplasmic localization of Cas9 in S. cerevisiae. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:2. [PMID: 30766726 PMCID: PMC6360766 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The bacterial CRISPR/Cas genome editing system has provided a major breakthrough in molecular biology. One use of this technology is within a nuclease-based gene drive. This type of system can install a genetic element within a population at unnatural rates. Combatting of vector-borne diseases carried by metazoans could benefit from a delivery system that bypasses traditional Mendelian laws of segregation. Recently, laboratory studies in fungi, insects, and even mice, have demonstrated successful propagation of CRISPR gene drives and the potential utility of this type of mechanism. However, current gene drives still face challenges including evolved resistance, containment, and the consequences of application in wild populations. Additional research into molecular mechanisms that would allow for control, titration, and inhibition of drive systems is needed. Results In this study, we use artificial gene drives in budding yeast to explore mechanisms to modulate nuclease activity of Cas9 through its nucleocytoplasmic localization. We examine non-native nuclear localization sequences (both NLS and NES) on Cas9 fusion proteins in vivo through fluorescence microscopy and genomic editing. Our results demonstrate that mutational substitutions to nuclear signals and combinatorial fusions can both modulate the level of gene drive activity within a population of cells. Conclusions These findings have implications for control of traditional nuclease-dependent editing and use of gene drive systems within other organisms. For instance, initiation of a nuclear export mechanism to Cas9 could serve as a molecular safeguard within an active gene drive to reduce or eliminate editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Goeckel
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Erianna M Basgall
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Isabel C Lewis
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Samantha C Goetting
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Yao Yan
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Megan Halloran
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.,2Present Address: Department of Psychology, 106-B Kastle Hall, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Gregory C Finnigan
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 141 Chalmers Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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Gli Proteins: Regulation in Development and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020147. [PMID: 30754706 PMCID: PMC6406693 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gli proteins are transcriptional effectors of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. They play key roles in the development of many organs and tissues, and are deregulated in birth defects and cancer. We review the molecular mechanisms of Gli protein regulation in mammals, with special emphasis on posttranslational modifications and intracellular transport. We also discuss how Gli proteins interact with co-activators and co-repressors to fine-tune the expression of Hedgehog target genes. Finally, we provide an overview of the regulation of developmental processes and tissue regeneration by Gli proteins and discuss how these proteins are involved in cancer progression, both through canonical regulation via the Hedgehog pathway and through cross-talk with other signaling pathways.
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Kane M, Rebensburg SV, Takata MA, Zang TM, Yamashita M, Kvaratskhelia M, Bieniasz PD. Nuclear pore heterogeneity influences HIV-1 infection and the antiviral activity of MX2. eLife 2018; 7:e35738. [PMID: 30084827 PMCID: PMC6101944 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 accesses the nuclear DNA of interphase cells via a poorly defined process involving functional interactions between the capsid protein (CA) and nucleoporins (Nups). Here, we show that HIV-1 CA can bind multiple Nups, and that both natural and manipulated variation in Nup levels impacts HIV-1 infection in a manner that is strikingly dependent on cell-type, cell-cycle, and cyclophilin A (CypA). We also show that Nups mediate the function of the antiviral protein MX2, and that MX2 can variably inhibit non-viral NLS function. Remarkably, both enhancing and inhibiting effects of cyclophilin A and MX2 on various HIV-1 CA mutants could be induced or abolished by manipulating levels of the Nup93 subcomplex, the Nup62 subcomplex, NUP88, NUP214, RANBP2, or NUP153. Our findings suggest that several Nup-dependent 'pathways' are variably exploited by HIV-1 to target host DNA in a cell-type, cell-cycle, CypA and CA-sequence dependent manner, and are differentially inhibited by MX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kane
- Laboratory of RetrovirologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Stephanie V Rebensburg
- Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Matthew A Takata
- Laboratory of RetrovirologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Trinity M Zang
- Laboratory of RetrovirologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraUnited States
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of RetrovirologyThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNew YorkUnited States
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Fu X, Liang C, Li F, Wang L, Wu X, Lu A, Xiao G, Zhang G. The Rules and Functions of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051445. [PMID: 29757215 PMCID: PMC5983729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological macromolecules are the basis of life activities. There is a separation of spatial dimension between DNA replication and RNA biogenesis, and protein synthesis, which is an interesting phenomenon. The former occurs in the cell nucleus, while the latter in the cytoplasm. The separation requires protein to transport across the nuclear envelope to realize a variety of biological functions. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of protein including import to the nucleus and export to the cytoplasm is a complicated process that requires involvement and interaction of many proteins. In recent years, many studies have found that proteins constantly shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These shuttling proteins play a crucial role as transport carriers and signal transduction regulators within cells. In this review, we describe the mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport of shuttling proteins and summarize some important diseases related shuttling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Fangfei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Wu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Chen X, Scapa JE, Liu DX, Godbey WT. Cancer-specific promoters for expression-targeted gene therapy: ran, brms1 and mcm5. J Gene Med 2018; 18:89-101. [PMID: 27140445 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To expand the library of promoters that can be used for expression-targeted gene delivery to cancer cells, the specificity and strength of expression of three cancer-related gene promoters was evaluated: RAS-related nuclear protein ((P) ran), breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 ((P) brms1) and minichromosome maintenance complex component 5 ((P) mcm5). METHODS The expression of reporter genes under the control of these promoters demonstrated selectivity in cancer cell lines of breast, prostate and ovarian origins versus a panel of normal cell types. The (P) ran was next used to regulate the expression of a bioactive exon (a constitutively active form of human caspase 3) to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Further evaluation was performed in an orthotopic model of murine bladder cancer. RESULTS The average strengths of reporter expression had relative intensities of 99.8% ((P) ran), 87.7% ((P) brms1) and 55.8% ((P) mcm5) versus the strong (P) cmv-driven positive control. Comparisons of expression-targeted reporter gene expression for these three promoters versus the clinically interesting promoter for the human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene ((P) hTERT) yielded an improvement of two- to 15-fold. Following transfection, cell death was evident from morphologic observations and viability assays performed on the cancer cells lines, with little (if any) effects seen when the same genes were delivered to normal cells. Cell viability was reduced by up to 60% after one treatment, with cell death via apoptosis implied by caspase 3 detection. During the in vivo preclinical study, reduced tumor burden, lack of mineralization and decreased inflammation were demonstrated after only three treatments. CONCLUSIONS The ran, brms1, and mcm5 promoters have the specificity and strength needed for cancer-specific expression-targeted gene therapy. (p) ran in particular produced exciting results when coupled with a version of the caspase 3 exon to treat bladder cancer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Scapa
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David X Liu
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - W T Godbey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Abstract
The ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2) cascade is a central signaling pathway activated by a wide variety of extracellular agents that transmit the messages of G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs). Being such a central pathway, the activity of the cascade is well regulated, including by dynamic changes of the subcellular localization of components of the ERK1/2 cascade. In resting cells, ERK1/2 are localized in the cytosol due to their interactions with different anchoring proteins. After stimulation, ERK1/2 are phosphorylated by MEK1/2 on their regulatory TEY motif, which permits their detachment from the anchoring proteins. This detachment exposes ERK1/2 to additional phosphorylation on two serine residues (SPS motif) within the nuclear translocation signal (NTS) of the kinases. This additional phosphorylation allows ERK1/2 to interact with importin7, which consequently promotes their translocation to the nucleus. More studies are still required in order to better understand the mechanism and consequence of the nuclear translocation of ERK1/2. In this chapter, we describe some of the techniques used to study nuclear translocation of ERK1/2 in mammalian cells. We briefly mention methods such as digitonin permeabilization and cellular fractionation, as well as overexpression of reporter constructs. More thoroughly, we describe immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and proximity ligation assay (PLA) approaches that are routinely used in our laboratory. Hopefully, the increase of knowledge based on these methods will open more opportunities for the identification of new therapeutic targets for diseases where the ERK1/2 cascade is dysregulated, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise A Berti
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Rony Seger
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Chen Z, Long L, Wang K, Cui F, Zhu L, Tao Y, Wu Q, Xiang M, Liang Y, Qiu S, Xiao Z, Yi B. Identification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis-related biomarkers by iTRAQ combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34022-37. [PMID: 27145374 PMCID: PMC5085135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify metastasis-related proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), iTRAQ-tagging combined with 2D LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in high metastatic NPC 5-8F cells and non-metastatic NPC 6-10B cells, and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to confirm DEPs. As a result, 101 DEPs were identified by proteomics, and 12 DEPs were selectively validated. We further detected expression of three DEPs (RAN, SQSTM1 and TRIM29) in a cohort of NPC tissue specimens to assess their value as NPC metastatic biomarkers, and found that combination of RAN, SQSTM1 and TRIM29 could discriminate metastatic NPC from non-metastatic NPC with a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 91%. TRIM29 and RAN expression level were closely correlated with lymph node and distant metastasis and clinical stage (P <0.05) in NPC patients. Finally, a combination of loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches was performed to determine the effects of TRIM29 on NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis. The results showed that TRIM29 knockdown significantly attenuated while TRIM29 overexpression promoted NPC cell in vitro proliferation, migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis. The present data first time show that SQSTM1, RAN and TRIM29 are novel potential biomarkers for predicting NPC metastasis, demonstrate that TRIM29 is a metastasis-promoted protein of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lu Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Facai Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lepan Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ya Tao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Manlin Xiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunlai Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shiyang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiao
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Cancer Proteomics and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Cai M, Huang Z, Liao Z, Chen T, Wang P, Jiang S, Chen D, Peng T, Bian Y, Hong G, Yang H, Zeng Z, Li X, Li M. Characterization of the subcellular localization and nuclear import molecular mechanisms of herpes simplex virus 1 UL2. Biol Chem 2017; 398:509-517. [PMID: 27865090 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
As a crucial protein, the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL2 protein has been shown to take part in various stages of viral infection, nonetheless, its exact subcellular localization and transport molecular determinants are not well known thus far. In the present study, by using live cells fluorescent microscopy assay, UL2 tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein was transiently expressed in live cells and showed a completely nuclear accumulation without the presence of other HSV-1 proteins. Moreover, the nuclear transport of UL2 was characterized to be assisted by multiple transport pathways through Ran-, importin α1-, α5-, α7-, β1- and transportin-1 cellular transport receptors. Consequently, these results will improve understanding of UL2-mediated biological functions in HSV-1 infection cycles.
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Mendes M, Peláez-García A, López-Lucendo M, Bartolomé RA, Calviño E, Barderas R, Casal JI. Mapping the Spatial Proteome of Metastatic Cells in Colorectal Cancer. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mendes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - María López-Lucendo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Rubén A. Bartolomé
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Eva Calviño
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III.; Majadahonda Spain
| | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC); Madrid Spain
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Protein phosphorylation and its role in the regulation of Annexin A2 function. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2515-2529. [PMID: 28867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is a multifunctional protein involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, membrane domain organisation, actin remodelling, signal transduction, protein assembly, transcription and mRNA transport, as well as DNA replication and repair. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current knowledge of the role of phosphorylation in the functional regulation of AnxA2 is reviewed. To provide a more comprehensive treatment of this topic, we also address in depth the phosphorylation process in general and discuss its possible conformational effects. Furthermore, we discuss the apparent limitations of the methods used to investigate phosphoproteins, as exemplified by the study of AnxA2. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS AnxA2 is subjected to complex regulation by post-translational modifications affecting its cellular functions, with Ser11, Ser25 and Tyr23 representing important phosphorylation sites. Thus, Ser phosphorylation of AnxA2 is involved in the recruitment and docking of secretory granules, the regulation of its association with S100A10, and sequestration of perinuclear, translationally inactive mRNP complexes. By contrast, Tyr phosphorylation of AnxA2 regulates its role in actin dynamics and increases its association with endosomal compartments. Modification of its three main phosphorylation sites is not sufficient to discriminate between its numerous functions. Thus, fine-tuning of AnxA2 function is mediated by the joint action of several post-translational modifications. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE AnxA2 participates in malignant cell transformation, and its overexpression and/or phosphorylation is associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Thus, tight regulation of AnxA2 function is an integral aspect of cellular homeostasis. The presence of AnxA2 in cancer cell-derived exosomes, as well as the potential regulation of exosomal AnxA2 by phosphorylation or other PTMs, are topics of great interest.
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Shams H, Soheilypour M, Peyro M, Moussavi-Baygi R, Mofrad MRK. Looking "Under the Hood" of Cellular Mechanotransduction with Computational Tools: A Systems Biomechanics Approach across Multiple Scales. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2712-2726. [PMID: 33418698 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal modulation has been developed in living cells throughout evolution to promote utilizing the same machinery for multiple cellular functions. Chemical and mechanical modules of signal transmission and transduction are interconnected and necessary for organ development and growth. However, due to the high complexity of the intercommunication of physical intracellular connections with biochemical pathways, there are many missing details in our overall understanding of mechanotransduction processes, i.e., the process by which mechanical signals are converted to biochemical cascades. Cell-matrix adhesions are mechanically coupled to the nucleus through the cytoskeleton. This modulated and tightly integrated network mediates the transmission of mechanochemical signals from the extracellular matrix to the nucleus. Various experimental and computational techniques have been utilized to understand the basic mechanisms of mechanotransduction, yet many aspects have remained elusive. Recently, in silico experiments have made important contributions to the field of mechanobiology. Herein, computational modeling efforts devoted to understanding integrin-mediated mechanotransduction pathways are reviewed, and an outlook is presented for future directions toward using suitable computational approaches and developing novel techniques for addressing important questions in the field of mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Shams
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad Soheilypour
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohaddeseh Peyro
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Ruhollah Moussavi-Baygi
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
| | - Mohammad R K Mofrad
- Molecular Cell Biomechanics Laboratory, Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1762, United States
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Cai M, Si J, Li X, Zeng Z, Li M. Characterization of the nuclear import mechanisms of HSV-1 UL31. Biol Chem 2017; 397:555-61. [PMID: 26854290 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As an important protein, UL31 has been demonstrated to play multiple roles in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) replication. Previous studies showed that UL31 predominantly locates in the nucleus in chemical fixed cells and live cells, however, the determining mechanisms for its nuclear translocation is not clear. In the present study, by utilizing live cells fluorescent microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assays, the nuclear import of UL31 was characterized to be dependent on Ran-, importin α1- and transportin-1-mediated pathway. Therefore, these results will promote the understanding of UL31-mediated biological functions in HSV-1 infection cycle.
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Almeida DM, Gregorio GB, Oliveira MM, Saibo NJM. Five novel transcription factors as potential regulators of OsNHX1 gene expression in a salt tolerant rice genotype. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:61-77. [PMID: 27766460 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript reports the identification and characterization of five transcription factors binding to the promoter of OsNHX1 in a salt stress tolerant rice genotype (Hasawi). Although NHX1 encoding genes are known to be highly regulated at the transcription level by different abiotic stresses, namely salt and drought stress, until now only one transcription factor (TF) binding to its promoter has been reported. In order to unveil the TFs regulating NHX1 gene expression, which is known to be highly induced under salt stress, we have used a Y1H system to screen a salt induced rice cDNA expression library from Hasawi. This approach allowed us to identify five TFs belonging to three distinct TF families: one TCP (OsPCF2), one CPP (OsCPP5) and three NIN-like (OsNIN-like2, OsNIN-like3 and OsNIN-like4) binding to the OsNHX1 gene promoter. We have also shown that these TFs act either as transcriptional activators (OsPCF2, OsNIN-like4) or repressors (OsCPP5, OsNIN-like2) and their encoding genes are differentially regulated by salt and PEG-induced drought stress in two rice genotypes, Nipponbare (salt-sensitive) and Hasawi (salt-tolerant). The transactivation activity of OsNIN-like3 was not possible to determine. Increased soil salinity has a direct impact on the reduction of plant growth and crop yield and it is therefore fundamental to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying gene expression regulation under adverse environmental conditions. OsNHX1 is the most abundant K+-Na+/H+ antiporter localized in the tonoplast and its gene expression is induced by salt, drought and ABA. To investigate how OsNHX1 is transcriptionally regulated in response to salt stress in a salt-tolerant rice genotype (Hasawi), a salt-stress-induced cDNA expression library was constructed and subsequently screened using the yeast one-hybrid system and the OsNHX1 promoter as bait. Five transcription factors (TFs) belonging to three distinct TF families: one TCP (OsPCF2), one CPP (OsCPP5) and three NIN-like (OsNIN-like2, OsNIN-like3 and OsNIN-like4) were identified as binding to OsNHX1 promoter. Transactivation activity assays performed in Arabidopsis and rice protoplasts showed that OsPCF2 and OsNIN-like4 are activators of the OsNHX1 gene expression, while OsCPP5 and OsNIN-like2 act as repressors. The transactivation activity of OsNIN-like3 needs to be further investigated. Gene expression studies showed that OsNHX1 transcript level is highly induced by salt and PEG-induced drought stress in both shoots and roots in both Nipponbare and Hasawi rice genotypes. Nevertheless, OsNHX1 seems to play a particular role in shoots in response to drought. Most of the TFs binding to OsNHX1 promoter showed a modest transcriptional regulation under stress conditions, however, in response to most of the conditions studied, the OsPCF2 was induced earlier than OsNHX1, indicating that OsPCF2 may activate OsNHX1 gene expression. In addition, although the OsNHX1 response to salt and PEG-induced drought stress in either shoots or roots was quite similar in both rice genotypes, the expression of OsPCF2 in roots under salt stress and the OsNIN-like4 in roots subjected to PEG was mainly up-regulated in Hasawi, indicating that these TFs may be associated with the salt and drought stress tolerance observed for this genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Almeida
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Glenn B Gregorio
- International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- East-West Seed Company (EWS), Km. 54 Cagayan Valley Road, San Rafael, 3008, Bulacan, Philippines
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Nelson J M Saibo
- Genomics of Plant Stress Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal.
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Mordovkina DA, Kim ER, Buldakov IA, Sorokin AV, Eliseeva IA, Lyabin DN, Ovchinnikov LP. Transportin-1-dependent YB-1 nuclear import. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 480:629-634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lu T, Bao Z, Wang Y, Yang L, Lu B, Yan K, Wang S, Wei H, Zhang Z, Cui G. Karyopherinβ1 regulates proliferation of human glioma cells via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1189-97. [PMID: 27568288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Karyopherinβ1 (KPNB1), one of the cytosolic factors involved in the selective protein transport across nucleus, docked at nuclear pore complex and transported through nuclear envelope in an ATP-dependent style, assisting proteins to be recognized as import substrates. It has been reported to be bound up with the origination and progress of lung cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. In current study, we demonstrated for the first time that the role of KPNB1 in human glioma. KPNB1 was over-expressed as the well-known trend of Ki-67(p < 0.01) and tightly closed to poor prognosis, as an independent prognostic factor. In vitro, up-regulation of KPNB1 was accompanied by certain rising levels of proliferation markers, employing U251 and U87MG cells as serum-starve models. Silencing KPNB1 in U251 and U87MG led to G1 phase arrested directly via flow cytometry analysis. In the nucleus of KPNB1-depletion cell models, the decreasing expression of KPNB1 and β-catenin was detected respectively, which indicated that KPNB1 functioned via β-catenin signal. Besides, the interaction between KPNB1 and β-catenin was proved clearly by immunoprecipitation. Taken together, it showed that KPNB1 might enhance human glioma proliferation via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Dushuhu Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - He Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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MicroRNA-1301-Mediated RanGAP1 Downregulation Induces BCR-ABL Nuclear Entrapment to Enhance Imatinib Efficacy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156260. [PMID: 27228340 PMCID: PMC4881950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease. Imatinib (IM), the first line treatment for CML, is excessively expensive and induces various side effects in CML patients. Therefore, it is essential to investigate a new strategy for improving CML therapy. Our immunoblot data revealed that RanGTPase activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) protein levels increased by approximately 30-fold in K562 cells compared with those in normal cells. RanGAP1 is one of the important components of RanGTPase system, which regulates the export of nuclear protein. However, whether RanGAP1 level variation influences BCR-ABL nuclear export is still unknown. In this report, using shRNA to downregulate RanGAP1 expression level augmented K562 cell apoptosis by approximately 40% after treatment with 250 nM IM. Immunofluorescence assay also indicated that three-fold of nuclear BCR-ABL was detected. These data suggest that BCR-ABL nuclear entrapment induced by RanGAP1 downregulation can be used to improve IM efficacy. Moreover, our qRT-PCR data indicated a trend of inverse correlation between the RanGAP1 and microRNA (miR)-1301 levels in CML patients. MiR-1301, targeting the RanGAP1 3' untranslated region, decreased by approximately 100-fold in K562 cells compared with that in normal cells. RanGAP1 downregulation by miR-1301 transfection impairs BCR-ABL nuclear export to increase approximately 60% of cell death after treatment of 250 nM IM. This result was almost the same as treatment with 1000 nM IM alone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that Tyr-99 of nuclear P73 was phosphorylated accompanied with nuclear entrapment of BCR-ABL after transfection with RanGAP1 shRNA or miR-1301 in IM-treated K562 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that RanGAP1 downregulation can mediate BCR-ABL nuclear entrapment to activate P73-dependent apoptosis pathway which is a novel strategy for improving current IM treatment for CML.
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Liu C, Cheng A, Wang M, Chen S, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Sun K, Yang Q, Chen X. Characterization of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and intracellular localization signals in Duck Enteritis Virus UL54. Biochimie 2016; 127:86-94. [PMID: 27157269 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Duck Enteritis virus (DEV) UL54 is a homolog of herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) trafficking protein ICP27, which plays an essential role in infection. In this study, DEV UL54 shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm was verified with a heterokaryon assay. One predicted nuclear export sequence (NES) (339-348 aa) was shown to be functional and chromosomal region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-dependent; however, the insensitivity of UL54 to Leptomycin B (LMB) and NES mutation suggests that other mechanisms are responsible for the observed nuclear export. Next, three non-classical nuclear localization sequences (NLSs), referred to as NLS1 (105-122 aa), NLS2 (169-192 aa) and NLS3 (257-274 aa), were identified. Furthermore, a recombinant DEV with the UL54 NLSs deleted (DEV- UL54 mNLSs) was constructed and showed that UL54 NLSs moderately affected DEV growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Liu
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China; Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City, Sichuan, 611130, PR China
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Halder K, Dölker N, Van Q, Gregor I, Dickmanns A, Baade I, Kehlenbach RH, Ficner R, Enderlein J, Grubmüller H, Neumann H. MD simulations and FRET reveal an environment-sensitive conformational plasticity of importin-β. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear pore complex mediates nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules in eukaryotic cells. Transport through the pore is restricted by a hydrophobic selectivity filter comprising disordered phenylalanine-glycine-rich repeats of nuclear pore proteins. Exchange through the pore requires specialized transport receptors, called exportins and importins, that interact with cargo proteins in a RanGTP-dependent manner. These receptors are highly flexible superhelical structures composed of HEAT-repeat motifs that adopt various degrees of extension in crystal structures. Here, we performed molecular-dynamics simulations using crystal structures of Importin-β in its free form or in complex with nuclear localization signal peptides as the starting conformation. Our simulations predicted that initially compact structures would adopt extended conformations in hydrophilic buffers, while contracted conformations would dominate in more hydrophobic solutions, mimicking the environment of the nuclear pore. We confirmed this experimentally by Förster resonance energy transfer experiments using dual-fluorophore-labeled Importin-β. These observations explain seemingly contradictory crystal structures and suggest a possible mechanism for cargo protection during passage of the nuclear pore. Such hydrophobic switching may be a general principle for environmental control of protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkan Halder
- Free Floater (Junior) Research Group "Applied Synthetic Biology", Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Dölker
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Qui Van
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Gregor
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Achim Dickmanns
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Imke Baade
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralph H Kehlenbach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Grubmüller
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Heinz Neumann
- Free Floater (Junior) Research Group "Applied Synthetic Biology", Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Karyopherin Alpha 2 Promotes the Inflammatory Response in Rat Pancreatic Acinar Cells Via Facilitating NF-κB Activation. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:747-57. [PMID: 26526450 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators have been considered as major events of acute pancreatitis (AP). Karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2), a member of the importin α family, reportedly modulates p65 subcellular localization. AIM This study aimed to investigate the expression and possible functions of KPNA2 in the AP cell and animal model, focusing on its association with NF-κB activation. METHODS An AP cell model was established with the cerulein-stimulated AR42J and isolated rat pancreatic acinar cells. The AP rat model was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of cerulein. The secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and LDH was detected by ELISA kits and the production of NO using nitric oxide kit. Expression of KPNA2 was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. Expression levels of IKKα, phosphorylation of p65, and total p65 were detected by Western blot. Co-localization of KPNA2 with p65 was observed by immunofluorescence assay. To determine the biological functions of KPNA2 in cerulein-induced inflammatory response, RNA interference was employed to knockdown KPNA2 expression in AR42J and isolated pancreatic acini cells. RESULTS Cerulein stimulated KPNA2 expression and IL-6, TNF-α, NO, and LDH production in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Cerulein triggered the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit, indicating the NF-κB activation. The co-localization and nuclear accumulation of KPNA2 and p65 were detected in cerulein-treated cells. Knocking down KPNA2 hindered cerulein-induced nuclear transportation of p65 and alleviated the subsequent inflammatory response in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Additionally, KPNA2 expression was significantly up-regulated in cerulein-induced AP rat model. CONCLUSIONS KPNA2-facilitated p65 nuclear translocation promotes NF-κB activation and inflammation in acute pancreatitis.
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