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Griñán-Ferré C, Jarne-Ferrer J, Bellver-Sanchis A, Ribalta-Vilella M, Barroso E, Salvador JM, Jurado-Aguilar J, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M, Pallàs M. Deletion of Gadd45a Expression in Mice Leads to Cognitive and Synaptic Impairment Associated with Alzheimer's Disease Hallmarks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2595. [PMID: 38473843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gadd45 genes have been implicated in survival mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair, which are processes related to aging and life span. Here, we analyzed if the deletion of Gadd45a activates pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This study used wild-type (WT) and Gadd45a knockout (Gadd45a-/-) mice to evaluate AD progression. Behavioral tests showed that Gadd45a-/- mice presented lower working and spatial memory, pointing out an apparent cognitive impairment compared with WT animals, accompanied by an increase in Tau hyperphosphorylation and the levels of kinases involved in its phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Moreover, Gadd45a-/- animals significantly increased the brain's pro-inflammatory cytokines and modified autophagy markers. Notably, neurotrophins and the dendritic spine length of the neurons were reduced in Gadd45a-/- mice, which could contribute to the cognitive alterations observed in these animals. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the lack of the Gadd45a gene activates several pathways that exacerbate AD pathology, suggesting that promoting this protein's expression or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy to slow down AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Júlia Jarne-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Bellver-Sanchis
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Ribalta-Vilella
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús M Salvador
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology/CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Jurado-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, 08950 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII 27, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the University of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Yang Y, Shang H, Sun J, Shi X, Zhou B. Tanshinol inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion by regulating Gadd45a in preeclampsia. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2023; 43:2274527. [PMID: 37938139 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2023.2274527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tanshinol is an active constituent of Salvia miltiorrhiza that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Therefore, this study attempted to detect whether it has a role in the treatment of preeclampsia (PE). METHODS In this study, we explored the effect of tanshinol on the development of PE at the cellular level. The effect of tanshinol on cell proliferation was measured by colony formation and EdU assays. The migration, invasion, and in vitro angiogenesis of HTR-8/SVneo cells were detected by wound-healing, transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. In addition, a PE cell model was established by overexpression of Gadd45a, and this cell model was assessed with the optimal concentration of tanshinol. RESULTS The results show that tanshinol enhanced proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of HTR-8/SVneo cells in vitro. Furthermore, the reduction in proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation of cells by Gadd45a overexpression was partially reversed by tanshinol treatment. Tanshinol also inhibited the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells transfected with Gadd45a. CONCLUSIONS In summary, tanshinol promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation and inhibited the apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells. It may be a novel therapeutic compound to attenuate the development of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Haixia Shang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingfen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bohui Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
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Yan X, Wang D, Ning Z, Meng ZQ. Lenvatinib inhibits intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via Gadd45a-mediated cell cycle arrest. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 36821012 PMCID: PMC9950313 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the anticancer activities of lenvatinib in ICC and its possible molecular mechanisms. METHODS Patients-derived xenograft (PDX) model and cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) model were both used for the in vivo study. For in vivo work, ICC cell lines were applied to analyze the effect of Lenvatinib on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the molecular mechanism. RESULTS In the present study, we found that lenvatinib dramatically hindered in vivo tumor growth in ICC patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, by using in vitro experiments in ICC cell lines, we found that lenvatinib dose- and time-dependently inhibited the proliferation of ICC cells and induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. Transcriptional profiling analysis further applied indicated that lenvatinib might inhibit cell proliferation through the induction of cell-cycle arrestment via activating of Gadd45a, it was evidenced by that the knockout of Gadd45a significantly attenuated the cycle arrest induced by lenvatinib, as well as the inhibitory effect of lenvatinib on ICC. CONCLUSION Our work first found that lenvatinib exerted an excellent antitumor effect on ICC, mainly via inducing Gadd45a-mediated cell cycle arrest. Our work provides evidence and a rationale for the future use of lenvatinib in the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Cancer Center, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhouyu Ning
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Meng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong An Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang M, Tian B, Shen J, Xu S, Liu C, Guan L, Guo M, Dou J. Bavachin induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells through Gadd45a via the MAPK signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:36-46. [PMID: 36641231 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60383-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bavachin is a dihydroflavonoid compound isolated from Psoralea corylifolia, and exhibits anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and lipid-lowering activities. Recent attention has gradually drawn on bavachin-induced apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. However, the anti-cancer effects and related mechanisms in colorectal cancer remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of bavachin on colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that bavachin inhibited the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells and induce apoptosis. These changes were mediated by activating the MAPK signaling pathway, which significantly up-regulated the expression of Gadd45a. Furthermore, Gadd45a silencing obviously attenuated bavachin-mediated cell apoptosis. Inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway by JNK/ERK/p38 inhibitors also weakened the up-regulation of Gadd45a by bavachin. The anticancer effect of bavachin was also validated using a mouse xenograft model of human colorectal cancer. In conclusion, these findings suggest that bavachin induces the apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells through activating the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Cong Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ling Guan
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Min Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Jie Dou
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Abstract
Gadd45a, Gadd45b, and Gadd45g have been implicated in cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, apoptosis, innate immunity, genomic stability, and more recently in senescence. Evidence has accumulated that Gadd45a deficiency results in escape of mouse embryo fibroblasts from senescence, whereas Gadd45b deficiency promotes premature senescence and skin aging. Moreover, recently Gadd45b deficiency was found to promote senescence and attenuate liver fibrosis, whereas Gadd45a was observed to exert a protective effect against hepatic fibrosis. These findings indicate that the Gadd45 stress response proteins play important roles in modulating cellular responses to senescence. Thus, exploring how Gadd45 proteins modulate cellular senescence has the potential to provide new and innovative tools to treat cancer as well as liver disease.
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Retraction: Effects of microRNA-374 on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human SCC cells by targeting Gadd45a through P53 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR-20170710_RET. [PMID: 33889953 DOI: 10.1042/BSR-20170710_RET] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Wang L, Zhu N, Jia J, Gu L, Du Y, Tang G, Wang X, Yang M, Yuan W. Trimethylamine N-oxide mediated Y-box binding protein-1 nuclear translocation promotes cell cycle progression by directly downregulating Gadd45a expression in a cellular model of chronic kidney disease. Life Sci 2021; 271:119173. [PMID: 33556375 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cell cycle arrest plays critical roles in preventing renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) injury and maladaptation after the onset of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanism governing this arrest has not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to determine the underlying role of YB-1 in promoting cell cycle progression and nuclear translocation in HK-2 cells induced by trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). MAIN METHODS YB-1 primarily accumulated in the cytoplasm in HK-2 cells after they were treated with TMAO for 30 min and 6 h. Gene expression was analysed using RNA sequencing in HK-2 cells treated with TMAO. Cell cycle progression was analysed via flow cytometry. Luciferase assay and ChIP-PCR were performed to determine the relationship between transcription factor YB-1 and Gadd45a promoter region. Additionally, mice were fed with TMAO to test renal dysfunction and measure the expression of YB-1, GADD45a and CCNA2 in the kidney sections through immunohistochemistry. KEY FINDINGS YB-1 primarily accumulated in the cytoplasm in HK-2 cells after they were treated with TMAO for 30 min and 6 h. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the cell cycle checkpoint genes growth arrest and DNA damage (Gadd)45a, Gadd45g, cyclin (Ccn)a2, Ccnb1, Ccne1 and Ccnf were differentially expressed in HK-2 cells after treated with 400 μM TMAO for 30 min. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that cell cycle progression was blocked at the G2/M checkpoint. In animal models, elevated dietary TMAO directly led to progressive renal tubulointerstitial dysfunction and inhibited the expression of YB-1 in kidney. Moreover, YB-1 was determined to regulate Gadd45a expression by directly binding to its promoter region. YB-1 expression was negatively correlated with the expression of Gadd45a and Gadd45g but positively correlated with Ccna2, Ccnb1, Ccne1 and Ccnf in CKD. SIGNIFICANCE YB-1 may be a reliable molecular target and an effective prognostic biomarker for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieshuang Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, No.100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, China.
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Expression of concern: Effects of microRNA-374 on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human SCC cells by targeting Gadd45a through P53 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR-20170710_EOC. [PMID: 32840312 DOI: 10.1042/BSR-20170710_EOC] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Li S, Fang W, Cui Y, Shi H, Chen J, Li L, Zhang L, Zhang X. Neddylation promotes protein translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:991-7. [PMID: 32819610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neddylation is an ubiquitin-like modification of proteins that affects the activity, stability and protein-protein interaction of its substrates. Apart from its role as a promoter for Cullin ring E3 ligase to positively regulate the ubiquitylation process, other functional studies about neddylation are still lacking. In this study, we developed a system to explore the impact of neddylation on changes in the subcellular localization of proteins at the omics level. By applying a method combining subcellular protein extraction and immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS), 81 proteins with a tendency to shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus due to different neddylation levels were obtained. Among the 81 candidates, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45a (Gadd45a) were confirmed as novel substrates of Nedd8, and neddylation promotes TAK1 nuclear import as well as Gadd45a nuclear export.
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Peng C, Hou ST, Deng CX, Zhang Y. Function of DHX33 in promoting Warburg effect via regulation of glycolytic genes. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:981-996. [PMID: 32617965 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells metabolize glucose through glycolysis to promote cell proliferation even with abundant oxygen. Multiple glycolysis genes are deregulated during cancer development. Despite intensive effort, the cause of their deregulation remains incompletely understood. Here in this study, we discovered that DHX33 plays a critical role in Warburg effect of cancer cells. DHX33 deficient cells have markedly reduced glycolysis activity. Through RNA-seq analysis, we found multiple critical genes involved in Warburg effect were downregulated after DHX33 deficiency. These genes include lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2), enolase 1 (ENO1), ENO2, hexokinase 1/2, among others. With LDHA, PDK1, and PKM2 as examples, we further revealed that DHX33 altered the epigenetic marks around the promoter of glycolytic genes. This is through DHX33 in complex with Gadd45a-a growth arrest and DNA damage protein. DHX33 is required for the loading of Gadd45a and DNA dioxygenase Tet1 at the promoter sites, which resulted in active DNA demethylation and enhanced histone H4 acetylation. We conclude that DHX33 changes local epigenetic marks in favor of the transcription of glycolysis genes to promote cancer cell proliferation. Our study highlights the significance of RNA helicase DHX33 in Warburg effect and cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Hou
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Feng W, Chen S, Wang J, Wang X, Chen H, Ning W, Zhang Y. DHX33 Recruits Gadd45a To Cause DNA Demethylation and Regulates a Subset of Gene Transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00460-19. [PMID: 32312884 PMCID: PMC7296211 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00460-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA helicase DHX33 was found to regulate the transcription of multiple genes involved in cancer development. But the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found DHX33 associated extensively with gene promoters at CG-rich region. Its deficiency reduced the loading of active RNA polymerase II at gene promoters. Furthermore, we observed a functional interaction between DHX33, AP-2β, and DNA demethylation protein Gadd45a (growth arrest and DNA damage inductile protein 45a) at specific gene promoters. DHX33 is required to recruit GADD45a, thereby causing local DNA demethylation through further recruiting ten-eleven-translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenase enzyme, as manifested by reduced 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine levels for a subset of genes after DHX33 deficiency. This process might involve R-loop formation in GC skew as a guidance signal at promoter sites. Our report provides for the first time, to our knowledge, original evidence that DHX33 alters epigenetic marks and regulates specific gene transcription through interaction with Gadd45a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Feng
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyun Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiuling Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingshun Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Ning
- School of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yandong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen KeYe Life Technologies, Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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Aparisi Rey A, Karaulanov E, Sharopov S, Arab K, Schäfer A, Gierl M, Guggenhuber S, Brandes C, Pennella L, Gruhn WH, Jelinek R, Maul C, Conrad A, Kilb W, Luhmann HJ, Niehrs C, Lutz B. Gadd45α modulates aversive learning through post-transcriptional regulation of memory-related mRNAs. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846022. [PMID: 30948457 PMCID: PMC6549022 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning is essential for survival and is controlled by complex molecular mechanisms including regulation of newly synthesized mRNAs that are required to modify synaptic functions. Despite the well‐known role of RNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) in mRNA functionality, their detailed regulation during memory consolidation is poorly understood. This study focuses on the brain function of the RBP Gadd45α (growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible protein 45 alpha, encoded by the Gadd45a gene). Here, we find that hippocampal memory and long‐term potentiation are strongly impaired in Gadd45a‐deficient mice, a phenotype accompanied by reduced levels of memory‐related mRNAs. The majority of the Gadd45α‐regulated transcripts show unusually long 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) that are destabilized in Gadd45a‐deficient mice via a transcription‐independent mechanism, leading to reduced levels of the corresponding proteins in synaptosomes. Moreover, Gadd45α can bind specifically to these memory‐related mRNAs. Our study reveals a new function for extended 3′UTRs in memory consolidation and identifies Gadd45α as a novel regulator of mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Aparisi Rey
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Salim Sharopov
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Guggenhuber
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Caroline Brandes
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luigi Pennella
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ruth Jelinek
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Maul
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Conrad
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Kilb
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany .,Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Abstract
Gadd45b is a member of Gadd45 stress sensor protein family that also includes Gadd45a & Gadd45g. To investigate the effect of Gadd45b in bcr-abl oncogene driven chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) development, syngeneic wild type lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either wild type or Gadd45b null myeloid progenitors transduced with a retroviral vector expressing BCR-ABL. Loss of Gadd45b was observed to accelerate BCR-ABL driven CML development with shortened median mouse survival time. BCR-ABL Gadd45b deficient CML progenitors exhibited increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, associated with hyper-activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and Stat5. These results provide novel evidence that gadd45b, like gadd45a, functions as a suppressor of BCR-ABL driven leukemia, albeit via a different mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Sha
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barbara Hoffman
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Diao D, Wang H, Li T, Shi Z, Jin X, Sperka T, Zhu X, Zhang M, Yang F, Cong Y, Shen L, Zhan Q, Yan J, Song Z, Ju Z. Telomeric epigenetic response mediated by Gadd45a regulates stem cell aging and lifespan. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745494. [PMID: 30126922 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive attrition of telomeres triggers DNA damage response (DDR) and limits the regenerative capacity of adult stem cells during mammalian aging. Intriguingly, telomere integrity is not only determined by telomere length but also by the epigenetic status of telomeric/sub-telomeric regions. However, the functional interplay between DDR induced by telomere shortening and epigenetic modifications in aging remains unclear. Here, we show that deletion of Gadd45a improves the maintenance and function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and prolongs lifespan of telomerase-deficient mice (G3Terc -/-). Mechanistically, Gadd45a facilitates the generation of a permissive chromatin state for DDR signaling by inducing base excision repair-dependent demethylation of CpG islands specifically at sub-telomeric regions of short telomeres. Deletion of Gadd45a promotes chromatin compaction in sub-telomeric regions and attenuates DDR initiation at short telomeres of G3Terc -/- ISCs. Treatment with a small molecule inhibitor of base excision repair reduces DDR and improves the maintenance and function of G3Terc -/- ISCs. Taken together, our study proposes a therapeutic approach to enhance stem cell function and prolong lifespan by targeting epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojun Diao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tangliang Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhencan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Tobias Sperka
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Cong
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cancer Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital affiliated to Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China .,Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Fang Y, Xu XY, Shen Y, Li J. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 aa and ab ( Gadd45aa and Gadd45 ab) in Ctenopharyngodon idella. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 77:187-193. [PMID: 29605506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gadd45aa and Gadd45 ab genes are members of the Gadd45 family, which are critically involved in immunological and apoptosis functions. In this study, we isolated and characterized Gadd45aa and Gadd45 ab cDNA from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (designated CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab). The CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab fragments spanned 1272 bp/1248 bp, which contained 474 bp/480 bp open reading frames encoding 157/159 amino acid proteins. BLAST analysis revealed that CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab shared high similarity with known Gadd45a sequences. qRT-PCR analysis showed widespread and abundant expression of CiGadd45aa in gill, intestine, kidney, brain, blood, skin and fin, but low in liver, spleen, head kidney, heart, and muscle. CiGadd45 ab was expressed highly in liver, spleen and blood but at low levels in gill, intestine, kidney, head kidney, heart, brain, skin, muscle, and fin. Following challenge of grass carp with Aeromonas hydrophila, CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab expression was upregulated. In immune-relevant tissues and MAPK family genes (p38, JNK and ERK) were upregulated by CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab overexpression and partly downregulated by interfered in the CIK grass carp kidney cell line. In addition, transcription of the cytokine-encoding il-8 gene was upregulated/downregulated by CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab overexpression and interference. These results suggest that CiGadd45aa and CiGadd45 ab play roles in innate immune responses against A. hydrophila in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Wuxi, 214081, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Wang B, Fu X, Zhu MJ, Du M. Retinoic acid inhibits white adipogenesis by disrupting GADD45A-mediated Zfp423 DNA demethylation. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:338-349. [PMID: 28992291 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, is a critical mediator of cell differentiation. RA blocks adipogenesis, but mechanisms remain to be established. ZFP423 is a key transcription factor maintaining white adipose identity. We found that RA inhibits Zfp423 expression and adipogenesis via blocking DNA demethylation in the promoter of Zfp423, a process mediated by growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein alpha (GADD45A). RA induces the partnering between retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and tumor suppressor inhibitor of growth protein 1 (ING1), which prevents the formation of GADD45A and ING1 complex necessary for locus-specific Zfp423 DNA demethylation. In vivo, vitamin A supplementation prevents obesity, downregulates Gadd45a expression, and reduces GADD45A binding and DNA demethylation in the Zfp423 promoter. Inhibition of Zfp423 expression due to RA contributes to the enhanced brown adipogenesis. In summary, RA inhibits white adipogenesis by inducing RAR and ING1 interaction and inhibiting Gadd45a expression, which prevents GADD45A-mediated DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Xing Fu
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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17
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Bunker SK, Dandapat J, Chainy GB, Sahoo SK, Nayak PK. Neonatal Exposure to 6-n-Propyl-Thiouracil, an Anti-Thyroid Drug, Alters Expression of Hepatic DNA Methyltransferases, Methyl CpG-Binding Proteins, Gadd45a, p53, and PCNA in Adult Male Rats. Eur Thyroid J 2017; 6:281-291. [PMID: 29234621 PMCID: PMC5704726 DOI: 10.1159/000479681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) exposure to male rats is reported to impair liver function in adulthood. However, the mechanism by which the drug impairs liver function is not well known. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of neonatal exposure of PTU on the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl-DNA binding proteins (MBDs), Gadd45a, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in adult rat liver. METHODS The effects of neonatal transient (from birth to 30 days of age) and persistent (from birth to 90 days of age) treatment of PTU on DNA damage and on the expression of p53, PCNA, DNMTs, and MBDs were investigated at transcriptional and translational levels in male adult liver. RESULTS Persistent exposure to PTU from birth caused significant downregulation of expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a and upregulation of DNMT3b, MBD4, and Gadd45a without any damage to DNA. Although MeCp2 transcripts were significantly low in the liver of adult rats after persistent exposure to PTU compared to controls, its translated products were significantly higher than in controls. The expression of p53 and PCNA in PTU-treated rats was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than that in control rats. CONCLUSION The results suggest that neonatal exposure of male rats to PTU resulted in alteration in the expression of proteins that are associated with DNA methylation and genome stabilization in adult rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gagan B.N. Chainy
- *Gagan B.N. Chainy, Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004 (India), E-Mail
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18
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Li XJ, Li ZF, Wang JJ, Han Z, Liu Z, Liu BG. Effects of microRNA-374 on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of human SCC cells by targeting Gadd45a through P53 signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170710. [PMID: 28679648 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20170710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of microRNA-374 (miR-374) on human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis through P53 signaling pathway by targeting growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45 α (Gadd45a). Skin samples were collected from patients with skin SCC and normal skin samples. Expression of miR-374, Gadd45a, P53, P73, P16, c-myc, bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. A431 and SCL-1 cells were divided into blank, negative control (NC), miR-374 mimics, miR374 inhibitors, siRNA–Gadd45a, and miR-374 inhibitors + siRNA–Gadd45a groups. Their proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, scratch test, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry. SCC skin tissues exhibited decreased expression of miR-374, P73, P16, Bax caspase-3 and caspase-9, and increased levels of Gadd45a, P53, c-myc, and Bcl-2 compared with the normal skin tissues. The miR-374 inhibitors group exhibited decreased expression of miR-374, P73, P16, Bax caspase-3 and caspase-9, and increased expression of Gadd45a, P53, c-myc, and Bcl-2, enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and reduced apoptosis compared with the blank and NC groups; the miR-374 mimics group followed opposite trends. Compared with the blank and NC groups, the miR-374 inhibitors + siRNA–Gadd45a group showed decreased miR-374 level; the siRNA–Gadd45a group showed elevated levels of P73, P16, Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9, decreased levels of Gadd45a, P53, c-myc, and Bcl-2, reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis. miR-374 induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion of SCC cells through P53 signaling pathway by down-regulating Gadd45a.
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19
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Mukherjee K, Sha X, Magimaidas A, Maifrede S, Skorski T, Bhatia R, Hoffman B, Liebermann DA. Gadd45a deficiency accelerates BCR-ABL driven chronic myelogenous leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10809-10821. [PMID: 28086219 PMCID: PMC5355225 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gadd45a stress sensor gene is a member in the Gadd45 family of genes that includes Gadd45b & Gadd45g. To investigate the effect of GADD45A in the development of CML, syngeneic wild type lethally irradiated mice were reconstituted with either wild type or Gadd45a null myeloid progenitors transduced with a retroviral vector expressing the 210-kD BCR-ABL fusion oncoprotein. Loss of Gadd45a was observed to accelerate BCR-ABL driven CML resulting in the development of a more aggressive disease, a significantly shortened median mice survival time, and increased BCR-ABL expressing leukemic stem/progenitor cells (GFP+Lin- cKit+Sca+). GADD45A deficient progenitors expressing BCR-ABL exhibited increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis relative to WT counterparts, which was associated with enhanced PI3K-AKT-mTOR-4E-BP1 signaling, upregulation of p30C/EBPa expression, and hyper-activation of p38 and Stat5. Furthermore, Gadd45a expression in samples obtained from CML patients was upregulated in more indolent chronic phase CML samples and down regulated in aggressive accelerated phase CML and blast crisis CML. These results provide novel evidence that Gadd45a functions as a suppressor of BCR/ABL driven leukemia and may provide a unique prognostic marker of CML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki Mukherjee
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojin Sha
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Magimaidas
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvia Maifrede
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Barbara Hoffman
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dan A Liebermann
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Chen K, Long Q, Wang T, Zhao D, Zhou Y, Qi J, Wu Y, Li S, Chen C, Zeng X, Yang J, Zhou Z, Qin W, Liu X, Li Y, Li Y, Huang X, Qin D, Chen J, Pan G, Schöler HR, Xu G, Liu X, Pei D. Gadd45a is a heterochromatin relaxer that enhances iPS cell generation. EMBO Rep 2016; 17:1641-1656. [PMID: 27702986 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201642402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells rewrites the code of cell fate at the chromatin level. Yet, little is known about this process physically. Here, we describe a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching method to assess the dynamics of heterochromatin/euchromatin and show significant heterochromatin loosening at the initial stage of reprogramming. We identify growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein a (Gadd45a) as a chromatin relaxer in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which also enhances somatic cell reprogramming efficiency. We show that residue glycine 39 (G39) in Gadd45a is essential for interacting with core histones, opening chromatin and enhancing reprogramming. We further demonstrate that Gadd45a destabilizes histone-DNA interactions and facilitates the binding of Yamanaka factors to their targets for activation. Our study provides a method to screen factors that impact on chromatin structure in live cells, and identifies Gadd45a as a chromatin relaxer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Long
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanshuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juntao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengbiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zisong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Qin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiekai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department for Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Guoliang Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duanqing Pei
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Shen Y, Ma K, Liu F, Yue GH. Characterization of two novel gadd45a genes in hybrid tilapia and their responses to the infection of Streptococcus agalactiae. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 54:276-81. [PMID: 27103004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diseases are one of the major challenges in tilapia aquaculture. Identification of DNA markers associated with disease resistance may facilitate the acceleration of the selection for disease resistance. Gadd45a (growth arrest and DNA damage 45 A), a stress-inducible gene in humans and mice, has not been studied in fish. We characterized the two prologues of Gadd45a genes in hybrid tilapia. Gadd45a1 and Gadd45a2 shared an identical gene structure and showed an amino acid sequence identity of 73.8%. Their expressions were detected in all 10 tissues examined, with the kidney and gill having high transcriptional expressions. The expression levels of Gadd45a1 were significantly lower than those of Gadd45a2 in all examined tissues. After a challenge with a bacterial pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae, the expressions of the two genes were up-regulated significantly in the spleen, kidney, liver and intestine. These findings suggest that the two Gadd45a genes play an important role in the resistance to S. agalactiae in tilapia. We identified 10 SNPs in the two genes. The SNP markers in the two Gadd45a genes could be used to examine whether they are associated with resistance to S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubang Shen
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Keyi Ma
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Feng Liu
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Molecular Population Genetics Group, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore.
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22
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Bullard SA, Seo S, Schilling B, Dyle MC, Dierdorff JM, Ebert SM, DeLau AD, Gibson BW, Adams CM. Gadd45a Protein Promotes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Forming a Complex with the Protein Kinase MEKK4. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17496-17509. [PMID: 27358404 PMCID: PMC5016147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is a serious and highly prevalent condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Previous work found that skeletal muscle atrophy involves an increase in skeletal muscle Gadd45a expression, which is necessary and sufficient for skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. However, the direct mechanism by which Gadd45a promotes skeletal muscle atrophy was unknown. To address this question, we biochemically isolated skeletal muscle proteins that associate with Gadd45a as it induces atrophy in mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vivo. We found that Gadd45a interacts with multiple proteins in skeletal muscle fibers, including, most prominently, MEKK4, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase that was not previously known to play a role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Furthermore, we found that, by forming a complex with MEKK4 in skeletal muscle fibers, Gadd45a increases MEKK4 protein kinase activity, which is both sufficient to induce skeletal muscle fiber atrophy and required for Gadd45a-mediated skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Together, these results identify a direct biochemical mechanism by which Gadd45a induces skeletal muscle atrophy and provide new insight into the way that skeletal muscle atrophy occurs at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Bullard
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Birgit Schilling
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, and
| | - Michael C Dyle
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
| | - Jason M Dierdorff
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Scott M Ebert
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
| | - Austin D DeLau
- From the Department of Internal Medicine.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California 94945, and.,the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Christopher M Adams
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, .,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and.,Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and.,the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246.,Emmyon, Inc., Coralville, Iowa 52241
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23
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Abstract
Pathways that control and modulate DNA methylation patterning in mammalian cells were poorly understood for a long time, although their importance in establishing and maintaining cell type-specific gene expression was well recognized. The discovery of proteins capable of converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to putative substrates for DNA repair introduced a novel and exciting conceptual framework for the investigation and ultimate discovery of molecular mechanisms of DNA demethylation. Against the prevailing notion that DNA methylation is a static epigenetic mark, it turned out to be dynamic and distinct mechanisms appear to have evolved to effect global and locus-specific DNA demethylation. There is compelling evidence that DNA repair, in particular base excision repair, contributes significantly to the turnover of 5mC in cells. By actively demethylating DNA, DNA repair supports the developmental establishment as well as the maintenance of DNA methylation landscapes and gene expression patterns. Yet, while the biochemical pathways are relatively well-established and reviewed, the biological context, function and regulation of DNA repair-mediated active DNA demethylation remains uncertain. In this review, we will thus summarize and critically discuss the evidence that associates active DNA demethylation by DNA repair with specific functional contexts including the DNA methylation erasure in the early embryo, the control of pluripotency and cellular differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity, and the nuclear reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schuermann
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alain R Weber
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Primo Schär
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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24
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Hong L, Sun QF, Xu TY, Wu YH, Zhang H, Fu RQ, Cai FJ, Zhou QQ, Zhou K, Du QW, Zhang D, Xu S, Ding JG. New role and molecular mechanism of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:2779-2788. [PMID: 26973416 PMCID: PMC4778000 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i9.2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of Gadd45a in hepatic fibrosis and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway.
METHODS: Wild-type male BALB/c mice were treated with CCl4 to induce a model of chronic liver injury. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from the liver of BALB/c mice and were treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting Gadd45a or the pcDNA3.1-Gadd45a recombinant plasmid. Cellular α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), β-actin, type I collagen, phospho-Smad2, phospho-Smad3, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 were detected by Western blots. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, β-actin, and type I collagen were determined by quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR analyses. Reactive oxygen species production was monitored by flow cytometry using 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Gadd45a, Gadd45b, anti-Gadd45g, type I collagen, and SMA local expression in liver tissue were measured by histologic and immunohistochemical analyses.
RESULTS: Significant downregulation of Gadd45a, but not Gadd45b or Gadd45g, accompanied by activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways was detected in fibrotic liver tissues of mice and isolated HSCs with chronic liver injury induced by CCl4 treatment. Overexpression of Gadd45a reduced the expression of extracellular matrix proteins and α-SMA in HSCs, whereas transient knockdown of Gadd45a with siRNA reversed this process. Gadd45a inhibited the activity of a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter construct and (CAGA)9 MLP-Luc, an artificial Smad3/4-specific reporter, as well as reduced the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad3. Gadd45a showed protective effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
CONCLUSION: Gadd45a may counteract hepatic fibrosis by regulating the activation of HSCs via the inhibition of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
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25
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Li D, Kang N, Ji J, Zhan Q. BRCA1 regulates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) signaling through Gadd45a by enhancing the protein stability of Smad4. Mol Oncol 2015; 9:1655-66. [PMID: 26022109 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 is a well established tumor suppressor gene, which is involved in many cellular processes, including DNA damage repair, cell cycle control, apoptosis, as well as transcriptional control. In this work, we have found that BRCA1 is involved in regulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway. The loss of endogenous BRCA1 greatly attenuated TGF-β1-induced growth inhibition and cell cycle G1 arrest. BRCA1 greatly maintains stability of Smad4 protein, and the loss of BRCA1 results in Smad4 down-regulation, which is likely related to its downstream gene Gadd45a. Gadd45a is able to interact with β-Trcp1, a-F-box protein of SCF E3 ligase, and consequently suppresses the ubiquitin-degradation of Smad4 by SCF(β-trcp1), as reflected by the observations that the induction of Gadd45a substantially stabilizes Smad4 protein. In addition, exogenous expression of Gadd45a can largely rescue the protein level of Smad4 in BRCA1 deficient cells. These results further demonstrate that BRCA1 may act as an important negative regulator in cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis through regulating the stability of Smad4, and define a novel link that connects BRCA1 to TGF-β1/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Nan Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Junfang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
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26
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Abstract
The Oct1 transcription factor is a potent regulator of stress responses, metabolism, and tumorigenicity. Although Oct1 is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination, the presence and importance of other modifications is unknown. Here we show that Oct1 is modified by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. We map two sites of O-GlcNAcylation at positions T255 and S728 within human Oct1. Under anchorage-independent overgrowth conditions, Oct1 associates 3-fold more strongly with the Gadd45a promoter and mediates transcriptional repression. Increased binding correlates with quantitative reductions in Oct1 nuclear periphery-associated puncta, and a reduced association with lamin B1. The O-GlcNAc modification sites are important for both Gadd45a repression and anchorage-independent survival. In contrast to chronic overgrowth conditions, following acute nutrient starvation Oct1 mediates Gadd45a activation. The O-GlcNAc sites are also important for Gadd45a activation under these conditions. We also, for the first time, identify specific Oct1 ubiquitination sites. The findings suggest that Oct1 integrates metabolic and stress signals via O-GlcNAc modification to regulate target gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsuk Kang
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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