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Jia B, Ye J, Gan L, Li R, Zhang M, Sun D, Weng L, Xiong Y, Xu J, Zhang P, Huang W, Zheng M, Wang T. Mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 decreases inflammation following hemorrhagic shock by protecting myocardial mitochondria. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1047909. [PMID: 36467681 PMCID: PMC9709459 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1047909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a type of hypovolemic shock characterized by hemodynamic instability, tissue hypoperfusion and cellular hypoxia. In pathophysiology, the gradual accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages the mitochondria, leading to irreversible cell damage and the release of endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including mitochondrial DAMPs (MTDs), eventually triggering the inflammatory response. The novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (Visomitin) effectively eliminate excessive intracellular ROS and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects; however, the specific role of SkQ1 in HS has not yet been explicated. Methods and results: A 40% fixed-blood-loss HS rat model was established in this study. Transmission electron microscopy showed that after HS, the myocardial mitochondrial ultrastructure was damaged and the mtDNA release in circulation was increased and the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in mitochondrial and ROS-related pathways. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 attenuated the increased ROS induced by HS in myocardial tissues and by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in cardiomyocytes. Ultrastructurally, SkQ1 protected the myocardial mitochondrial structure and reduced the release of the peripheral blood mtDNA after HS. RNA-seq transcriptome analysis showed that 56.5% of the inflammation-related genes, which altered after HS, could be significantly reversed after SkQ1 treatment. Moreover, ELISA indicated that SkQ1 significantly reversed the HS-induced increases in the TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 protein levels in rat peripheral blood. Conclusion: HS causes damage to the rat myocardial mitochondrial structure, increases mtDNA release and ROS contents, activates the mitochondrial and ROS-related pathways, and induces systemic inflammatory response. The mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 can improve rat myocardial mitochondria ultrastructure, reduce mtDNA and ROS contents, and decrease inflammation by protecting myocardial mitochondria, thereby playing a novel protective role in HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jia
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lebin Gan
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Zhang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Diya Sun
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Weng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Xiong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianbing Wang
- Trauma Medicine Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University), Ministry of Education, National Center for Trauma Medicine of China, Beijing, China
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Disentangling Mitochondria in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111520. [PMID: 34768950 PMCID: PMC8583788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia in older adults and is fast becoming a major societal and economic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. Age seems to be the major factor driving AD, and currently, only symptomatic treatments are available. AD has a complex etiology, although mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic abnormalities have been widely and deeply investigated as plausible mechanisms for its neuropathology. Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates, along with cognitive deficits and behavioral problems, are the hallmarks of the disease. Restoration of mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevention of oxidative stress, and diet and exercise seem to be effective in reducing Aβ and in ameliorating learning and memory problems. Many mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been tested in AD and are currently in development. However, larger streamlined clinical studies are needed to provide hard evidence of benefits in AD. This review discusses the causative factors, as well as potential therapeutics employed in the treatment of AD.
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Sukhorukov VS, Mudzhiri NM, Voronkova AS, Baranich TI, Glinkina VV, Illarioshkin SN. Mitochondrial Disorders in Alzheimer's Disease. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:667-679. [PMID: 34225590 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921060055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. Understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis is constantly expanding. Thus, the increasing attention of researchers is directed to the study of the role of mitochondrial disorders. In addition, in recent years, the concept of Alzheimer's disease as a stress-induced disease has begun to form more and more actively. The stress-induced damage to the neuronal system can trigger a vicious circle of pathological processes, among which mitochondrial dysfunctions have a significant place, since mitochondria represent a substantial component in the anti-stress activity of the cell. The study of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease is relevant for at least two reasons: first, as important pathogenetic component in this disease; second, due to vital role of mitochondria in formation of the body resistance to various conditions, including stressful ones, throughout the life. This literature review analyzes the results of a number of recent studies assessing potential significance of the mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease. The probable mechanisms of mitochondrial disorders associated with the development of this disease are considered: bioenergetic dysfunctions, changes in mitochondrial DNA (including assessment of the significance of its haplogroup features), disorders in the dynamics of these organelles, oxidative damage to calcium channels, damage to MAM complexes (membranes associated with mitochondria; mitochondria-associated membranes), disruptions of the mitochondrial quality control system, mitochondrial permeability, etc. The issues of the "primary" or "secondary" mitochondrial damage in Alzheimer's disease are discussed. Potentials for the development of new methods for diagnosis and therapy of mitochondrial disorders in Alzheimer's disease are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tatiana I Baranich
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeria V Glinkina
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (Pirogov Medical University), Moscow, 117997, Russia
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SkQR1 Reduces Neurologic Deficit Caused by Rat Brain Compression Ischemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:590-593. [PMID: 33788100 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of antioxidant SkQR1 was examined on the model of left-sided compression ischemia in rat sensorimotor cortex. The special tests aimed to determine the neurologic deficit in the limbs and assess performance of the forelimbs showed that a 2.5-min ischemia produced no disturbance in the limb functions on postsurgery days 1, 3, and 7. Elevation of compression time resulted in neurologic deficit in animals, and its severity depended on this time. A single intravenous injection of SkQR1 (250 nmol/kg body weight) performed 30 min after ischemia significantly reduced the degree of neurologic deficit. In vitro model of ischemia in surviving rat hippocampal slices showed that a 15-min-long ischemia significantly inhibited the population excitatory postsynaptic potentials, which did not restore during reperfusion. Preincubation of the slices with SkQR1 did not significantly affect recovery of these potentials.
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Isaev NK, Chetverikov NS, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Khaspekov LG, Illarioshkin SN. Thymoquinone as a Potential Neuroprotector in Acute and Chronic Forms of Cerebral Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:167-176. [PMID: 32093593 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is one of the main active components of the essential oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. Thymoquinone exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective action demonstrated in the models of brain ischemia/reperfusion, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and traumatic brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone is mediated via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevention of apoptosis through inhibition of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Thymoquinone-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are accumulated in the mitochondria and exhibit neuroprotective properties in nanomolar concentrations. Thymoquinone reduces the negative effects of acute and chronic forms of brain pathologies. The mechanisms of the pharmacological action of thymoquinone and its chemical derivatives require more comprehensive studying. In this paper, we formulated the prospects of application of thymoquinone and thymoquinone-based drugs in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N S Chetverikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - E E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L G Khaspekov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV, Alexandrova OP, Novikova SV, Voronkov DN, Glibka YA, Skulachev VP, Isaev NK. The single intravenous administration of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1 after traumatic brain injury attenuates neurological deficit in rats. Brain Res Bull 2019; 148:100-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Matsuda S, Nakagawa Y, Tsuji A, Kitagishi Y, Nakanishi A, Murai T. Implications of PI3K/AKT/PTEN Signaling on Superoxide Dismutases Expression and in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Diseases 2018; 6:E28. [PMID: 29677102 PMCID: PMC6023281 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative sickness, where the speed of personal disease progression differs prominently due to genetic and environmental factors such as life style. Alzheimer’s disease is described by the construction of neuronal plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of phosphorylated tau protein. Mitochondrial dysfunction may be a noticeable feature of Alzheimer’s disease and increased production of reactive oxygen species has long been described. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) protect from excess reactive oxygen species to form less reactive hydrogen peroxide. It is suggested that SODs can play a protective role in neurodegeneration. In addition, PI3K/AKT pathway has been shown to play a critical role on the neuroprotection and inhibiting apoptosis via the enhancing expression of the SODs. This pathway appears to be crucial in Alzheimer’s disease because it is related to the tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. Dietary supplementation of several ordinary compounds may provide a novel therapeutic approach to brain disorders by modulating the function of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Understanding these systems may offer a better efficacy of new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we summarize recent progresses on the involvement of the SODs and PI3K/AKT pathway in neuroprotective signaling against Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yukie Nakagawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Nakanishi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Human Life Science, Tezukayama University, Nara 631-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Murai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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Skulachev MV, Skulachev VP. Programmed aging of mammals: Proof of concept and prospects of biochemical approaches for anti-aging therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:1403-1422. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791712001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kapkaeva MR, Popova OV, Kondratenko RV, Rogozin PD, Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV, Skrebitsky VG, Khaspekov LG, Isaev NK. Effects of copper on viability and functional properties of hippocampal neurons in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:259-264. [PMID: 28189473 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) is an essential metal presented in the mammalian brain and released from synaptic vesicles following neuronal depolarization. However, the disturbance of Cu2+ homeostasis results in neurotoxicity. In our study we performed for the first time a combined functional investigation of cultured hippocampal neurons under Cu2+ exposure, its effect on spontaneous spike activity of hippocampal neuronal network cultured on multielectrode array (MEA), and development of long-term potentiation (LTP) in acute hippocampal slices in the presence of Cu2+. Application of 0.2mM CuCl2 for 24h reduced viability of cultured neurons to 40±6%, whereas 0.01mM CuCl2 did not influence significantly on the neuronal survival. However, exposure to the action of 0.01mM Cu2+ resulted in pronounced reduction of network spike activity and abolished LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation of Schaffer's collaterals in CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampal slices. Antioxidant Trolox, the hydrosoluble vitamin E analogue, prevented neurotoxic effect and alterations of network activity under Cu2+ exposure, but didn't change the impairment of LTP in Cu2+-exposured hippocampal slices. We hypothesized that spontaneous network neuronal activity probably is one of the potential targets of Cu2+-induced neurotoxicity, in which free radicals can be involved. At the same time, it may be suggested that Cu2+-induced alterations of long-lasting trace processes (like LTP) are not mediated by oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nickolay K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia; Moscow State University, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Kapkaeva MR, Skulachev VP. Neuroprotective properties of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of the SkQ-type. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:849-855. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn 2008, using a model of compression brain ischemia, we presented the first evidence that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants of the SkQ family, i.e. SkQR1 [10-(6′-plastoquinonyl)decylrhodamine], have a neuroprotective action. It was shown that intraperitoneal injections of SkQR1 (0.5–1 μmol/kg) 1 day before ischemia significantly decreased the damaged brain area. Later, we studied in more detail the anti-ischemic action of this antioxidant in a model of experimental focal ischemia provoked by unilateral intravascular occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The neuroprotective action of SkQ family compounds (SkQR1, SkQ1, SkQTR1, SkQT1) was manifested through the decrease in trauma-induced neurological deficit in animals and prevention of amyloid-β-induced impairment of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. At present, most neurophysiologists suppose that long-term potentiation underlies cellular mechanisms of memory and learning. They consider inhibition of this process by amyloid-β1-42as anin vitromodel of memory disturbance in Alzheimer’s disease. Further development of the above studies revealed that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants could retard accumulation of hyperphosphorylated τ-protein, as well as amyloid-β1-42, and its precursor APP in the brain, which are involved in developing neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K. Isaev
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V. Stelmashook
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elisaveta E. Genrikhs
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Galina A. Korshunova
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalya V. Sumbatyan
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina R. Kapkaeva
- 2Brain Research Department Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- 1Department of Bioenergetics, Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory, 1, b. 40, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Oborina MV, Kapkaeva MR, Skulachev VP. Alzheimer's Disease: An Exacerbation of Senile Phenoptosis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1578-81. [PMID: 26638682 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline accompanied by degeneration of neuronal synapses, massive loss of neurons in the brain, eventually resulting in complete degradation of personality and death. Currently, the cause of the disease is not fully understood, but it is believed that the person's age is the major risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease. People who have survived after cerebral stroke or traumatic brain injury have substantially increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Social exclusion, low social activity, physical inactivity, poor mental performance, and low level of education are among risk factors for development of this neurodegenerative disease, which is consistent with the concept of phenoptosis (Skulachev, V. P., et al. (1999) Biochemistry (Moscow), 64, 1418-1426; Skulachev, M. V., and Skulachev, V. P. (2014) Biochemistry (Moscow), 79, 977-993) stating that rate of aging is related to psychological and social aspects in human behavior. Here we assumed that Alzheimer's disease might be considered as an exacerbation of senile phenoptosis. If so, then development of this disease could be slowed using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants due to the accumulated data demonstrating a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress both with normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Stavrovskaya AV, Yamshchikova NG, Ol'shanskii AS, Kapay NA, Popova OV, Khaspekov LG, Skrebitsky VG, Isaev NK. Mitochondria-Targeted Plastoquinone Antioxidant SkQR1 Has Positive Effect on Memory of Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:592-5. [PMID: 26071778 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A single intraperitoneal injection to rats of the mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 at dose 1 µmol/kg significantly improved reproduction by the rats of the passive avoidance conditional reflex. In vitro experiments on hippocampal slices showed that a single intraperitoneal injection of SkQR1 24 h before the preparation of the slice significantly increases the synaptic transmission efficiency of the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field. The findings indicate that SkQR1 has a positive effect on memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Genrikhs EE, Amelkina GA, Khaspekov LG, Skrebitsky VG, Illarioshkin SN. Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:391-6. [PMID: 24954589 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disbalance of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders such as multisystem atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wilson-Konovalov disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Among these, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most frequent age-related neurodegenerative pathologies with disorders in Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis playing a pivotal role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this review we generalized and systematized current literature data concerning this problem. The interactions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-amyloid (Abeta), tau-protein, metallothioneins, and GSK3β are considered, as well as the role of these interactions in the generation of free radicals in AD and PD. Analysis of the literature suggests that the main factors of AD and PD pathogenesis (oxidative stress, structural disorders and aggregation of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency) that initiate a cascade of events resulting finally in the dysfunction of neuronal networks are mediated by the disbalance of Zn2+ and Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV, Popova OV, Kapay NA, Korshunova GA, Sumbatyan NV, Skrebitsky VG, Skulachev VP, Isaev NK. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQT1 decreases trauma-induced neurological deficit in rat and prevents amyloid-β-induced impairment of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. J Drug Target 2015; 23:347-52. [PMID: 25585580 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.997736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses a protective effect of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQT1 (a mixture of 10-(6'-toluquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium and 10-(5'-toluquinonyl) decyltriphenylphosphonium in proportion of 1.4:1), using an open focal trauma model of the rat brain sensorimotor cortex and a model of amyloid-beta1-42 (Abeta)-induced impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a kind of synaptic plasticity associated with learning and memory. It was found that a trauma-induced neurological deficit could be partially improved with daily intraperitoneal injections of SkQT1 (250 nmol/kg) for 5 days after the trauma. Neither an analog of SkQT1 without thymoquinone (C12TPP) nor original thymoquinone without a cation residue was effective to improve such conditions. In the SkQ molecule, the phosphonium cation can be replaced by the rhodamine 19 cation, with the SkQTR1 being still active in the treatment of the neurological deficit. Application of 200 nM Abeta to rat hippocampal slices impaired the induction of LTP in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer. A single intraperitoneal injection of SkQT1 (250 nmol/kg body weight) made 24 h before the slice preparation prevented the harmful effect of Abeta on the LTP. Thus mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, containing thymoquinone, have neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisaveta E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Moscow , Russia
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Silachev DN, Plotnikov EY, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Babenko VA, Zorov SD, Popkov VA, Jankauskas SS, Zinchenko VP, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. The Mitochondrion as a Key Regulator of Ischaemic Tolerance and Injury. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:897-904. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Jankauskas SS, Rokitskaya TI, Chupyrkina AA, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Isaev NK, Antonenko YN, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. Mild uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation as a mechanism providing nephro- and neuroprotective effects of penetrating cations of the SkQ family. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 77:1029-37. [PMID: 23157263 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species is nonlinearly related to the value of the mitochondrial membrane potential with significant increment at values exceeding 150 mV. Due to this, high values of the membrane potential are highly dangerous, specifically under pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an approach to preventing hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. We confirmed data obtained earlier in our group that dodecylrhodamine 19 (C(12)R1) (a penetrating cation from SkQ family not possessing a plastoquinone group) has uncoupling properties, this fact making it highly potent for use in prevention of pathologies associated with oxidative stress induced by mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Further experiments showed that C(12)R1 provided nephroprotection under ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney as well as under rhabdomyolysis through diminishing of renal dysfunction manifested by elevated level of blood creatinine and urea. Similar nephroprotective properties were observed for low doses (275 nmol/kg) of the conventional uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. Another penetrating cation that did not demonstrate protonophorous activity (SkQR4) had no effect on renal dysfunction. In experiments with induced ischemic stroke, C(12)R1 did not have any effect on the area of ischemic damage, but it significantly lowered neurological deficit. We conclude that beneficial effects of penetrating cation derivatives of rhodamine 19 in renal pathologies and brain ischemia may be at least partially explained by uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Novikova SV, Stelmashook EV, Barskov IV, Silachev DN, Khaspekov LG, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 decreases trauma-induced neurological deficit in rat. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 77:996-9. [PMID: 23157258 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912090052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A protective effect of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, a cationic rhodamine derivative linked to a plastoquinone molecule (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decylrhodamine-19, SkQR1) was studied in the model of open focal trauma of rat brain sensorimotor cortex. It was found that daily intraperitoneal injections of SkQR1 (100 nmol/kg) for 4 days after the trauma improved performance in a test characterizing neurological deficit and decreased the volume of the damaged cortical area. Our results suggest that SkQR1 exhibits profound neuroprotective effect, which may be explained by its antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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18
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Kirpatovsky VI, Plotnikov EY, Mudraya IS, Golovanov SA, Drozhzheva VV, Khromov RA, Chernikov DY, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. Role of oxidative stress and mitochondria in onset of urinary bladder dysfunction under acute urine retention. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:542-8. [PMID: 23848157 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913050131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute urine retention is a frequent complication in patients with benign hyperplasia of the prostate gland. According to studies made on experimental animals and people, it is accompanied by the deterioration of the bladder blood supply. This study attempts to explore the relationship of intramural blood flow, production of reactive oxygen species, and functional state of the bladder detrusor in modeling of acute urine retention in rats, as well as the impact of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (which are supposed to alleviate the effects of oxidative stress induced by experimental ischemia) on these parameters. The study showed beneficial effects of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQR1 in preventing damage of the bladder caused by acute urinary retention, which suggests the therapeutic use of this type of compounds for the treatment of ischemic abnormalities of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- V I Kirpatovsky
- Research Institute of Urology, Russian Ministry of Health, 3-ya Parkovaya ul. 51, 105425 Moscow, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Stelmashook NN, Sharonova IN, Skrebitsky VG. Brain aging and mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidants of SkQ-type. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:295-300. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Nisticò R, Pignatelli M, Piccinin S, Mercuri NB, Collingridge G. Targeting synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 46:572-87. [PMID: 22914888 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the past years, major efforts have been made to understand the genetics and molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been translated into extensive experimental approaches aimed at slowing down or halting disease progression. Advances in transgenic (Tg) technologies allowed the engineering of different mouse models of AD recapitulating a range of AD-like features. These Tg models provided excellent opportunities to analyze the bases for the temporal evolution of the disease. Several lines of evidence point to synaptic dysfunction as a cause of AD and that synapse loss is a pathological correlate associated with cognitive decline. Therefore, the phenotypic characterization of these animals has included electrophysiological studies to analyze hippocampal synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation, a widely recognized cellular model for learning and memory. Transgenic mice, along with non-Tg models derived mainly from exogenous application of Aβ, have also been useful experimental tools to test the various therapeutic approaches. As a result, numerous pharmacological interventions have been reported to attenuate synaptic dysfunction and improve behavior in the different AD models. To date, however, very few of these findings have resulted in target validation or successful translation into disease-modifying compounds in humans. Here, we will briefly review the synaptic alterations across the different animal models and we will recapitulate the pharmacological strategies aimed at rescuing hippocampal plasticity phenotypes. Finally, we will highlight intrinsic limitations in the use of experimental systems and related challenges in translating preclinical studies into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Nisticò
- Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
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Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Jankauskas SS, Isaev NK, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Pulkova NV, Zorov SD, Morosanova MA. The phenoptosis problem: What is causing the death of an organism? Lessons from acute kidney injury. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:742-53. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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