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Shedenkova MO, Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK. Toxic Effect of Zinc Ions Is Accompanied by Acidification of the Cytoplasm in Cultured Rat Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:539-543. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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2
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Stelmashook EV, Kapkaeva MR, Rozanova NA, Alexandrova OP, Genrikhs EE, Obmolov VV, Novikova SV, Isaev NK. The in vitro Effect of the Neuroinflammation Inducer on Brain Neurovascular Unit Components. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s002209302203019x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gorina YV, Khilazheva ED, Mosyagina AI, Kharitonova EV, Kapkaeva MR, Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Rozanova NA, Salmina AB. Impact of Lactate on Mitochondrial Activity in Endothelial Cells Exposed in vitro to the Acute Toxic Effect of beta-Amyloid. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Genrikhs EE, Kapkaeva MR, Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Khaspekov LG. Toxic Effect of Streptozotocin on Cultured Mouse Hippocampal Neurons. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:732-735. [PMID: 34705175 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In primary dissociated hippocampal cell cultures from 18-day-old mouse embryos, streptozotocin in concentrations of 2-5 mM produced a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on day 3 in vitro, whereas on day 11 of culturing, the neurons were resistant to streptozotocin. The neurons in the 3-day cultures were functionally immature, which was seen from their weak spontaneous bioelectric activity in the form of rare single action potentials; by day 11 of culturing, the neurons reached a high level of differentiation and their functional properties acquired a character of network burst activity. Thus, streptozotocin had the most pronounced cytotoxic effect on immature hippocampal neurons in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia. .,M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Chetverikov NS, Golyshev SA, Genrikhs EE, Isaev NK. Thymoquinone Induces Mitochondrial Damage and Death of Cerebellar Granule Neurons. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2020; 85:205-212. [PMID: 32093596 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities. Most studies on the neurotoxic action of TQ have been carried out in cancer cell lines. Here, we studied the toxic effect of TQ in primary neuronal cultures in vitro. Incubation with 0.04-0.05 mM TQ for 24 h induced the death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) in a dose-dependent manner. Neuronal death was preceded by an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as demonstrated using CellROX Green and MitoSOX Red. Confocal and electron microscopy showed that incubation with 0.05 mM TQ for 5 h induced changes in the intracellular localization of mitochondria and mitochondria hypertrophy and cell swelling. The antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (2 mM) protected CGNs from the toxic action of TQ. Taken together, these facts suggest that TQ is toxic for normal neurons, while ROS-induced changes in the mitochondria can be one of the major causes of the TQ-induced neuronal damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N S Chetverikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Golyshev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Isaev NK, Chetverikov NS, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Khaspekov LG, Illarioshkin SN. Thymoquinone as a Potential Neuroprotector in Acute and Chronic Forms of Cerebral Pathology. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2020; 85:167-176. [PMID: 32093593 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Thymoquinone is one of the main active components of the essential oil from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. Thymoquinone exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective action demonstrated in the models of brain ischemia/reperfusion, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and traumatic brain injury. The neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone is mediated via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevention of apoptosis through inhibition of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Thymoquinone-based mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are accumulated in the mitochondria and exhibit neuroprotective properties in nanomolar concentrations. Thymoquinone reduces the negative effects of acute and chronic forms of brain pathologies. The mechanisms of the pharmacological action of thymoquinone and its chemical derivatives require more comprehensive studying. In this paper, we formulated the prospects of application of thymoquinone and thymoquinone-based drugs in the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - N S Chetverikov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - E E Genrikhs
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia
| | - L G Khaspekov
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Aleksandrova OP, Rogozin PD, Genrikhs EE, Novikova SV, Gudasheva TA, Sharonova IN, Skrebitsky VG, Isaev NK. GK-2 Reduces Death of Cultured Granule Neurons in Cerebellum Induced by the Toxic Effects of Zinc Ions. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:474-478. [PMID: 32146635 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Peptide mimetic of nerve growth factor GK-2 in a dose of 1-2 mg/liter improves survival of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons exposed to the cytotoxic effect of zinc ions, but has no protective effect against copper ion cytotoxicity. Experiments on cultured rat hippocampal slices demonstrated that GK-2 did not affect reactivity of pyramidal neurons and long-term potentiation in the hippocampal field CA1 and the probability of glutamate release from presynaptic terminals in the synapses of the CA3-CA1 fields. The results suggest that GK-2 does not affect the functional properties of synaptic transmission under normal conditions, but protects neurons from the toxic effects of zinc, which creates prerequisites for GK-12 use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P D Rogozin
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - T A Gudasheva
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - N K Isaev
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia. .,M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Kapkaeva MR, Zelenova EA, Isaev NK. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine in the Presence of Cu 2+ Induces Oxidative Stress and Death of Granule Neurons in Dissociated Cultures of Rat Cerebellum. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2017; 82:1176-1182. [PMID: 29037138 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Addition into the culture medium of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 1 mM) in the presence of Cu2+ (0.0005-0.001 mM) induced intensive death of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons, which was significantly decreased by the zinc ion chelator TPEN (N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine). However, the combined action of NAC and Zn2+ did not induce destruction of the neurons. Measurement of the relative intracellular concentration of Zn2+ with the fluorescent probe FluoZin-3 AM or of free radical production using a CellROX Green showed that incubation of the culture for 4 h with Cu2+ and NAC induced an intensive increase in the fluorescence of CellROX Green but not of FluoZin-3. Probably, the protective effect of TPEN in this case could be mediated by its ability to chelate Cu2+. Incubation of cultures in a balanced salt solution in the presence of 0.01 mM Cu2+ caused neuronal death already after 1 h if the NAC concentration in the solution was within 0.005-0.05 mM. NAC at higher concentrations (0.1-1 mM) together with 0.01 mM Cu2+ did not cause the death of neurons. These data imply that the antioxidant NAC can be potentially harmful to neurons even in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of variable valence metals.
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Genrikhs EE, Stelmashook EV, Turovetskii VB, Khaspekov LG, Isaev NK. Copper ions potentiate a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured cerebellar granule neurons during glucose deprivation. NEUROCHEM J+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712417020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Neuronal plastic rearrangements during the development and functioning of neurons are largely regulated by trophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF). NGF is also involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In the brain, NGF is produced in structures innervated by basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and retrogradely transported along the axons to the bodies of cholinergic neurons. NGF is essential for normal development and functioning of the basal forebrain; it affects formation of the dendritic tree and modulates the activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in basal forebrain neurons. The trophic effect of NGF is mediated through its interactions with TrkA and p75 receptors. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that brain levels of NGF are altered in various pathologies. However, the therapeutic use of NGF is limited by its poor ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, adverse side effects that are due to the pleiotropic action of this factor, and the possibility of immune response to NGF. For this reason, the development of gene therapy methods for treating NGF deficit-associated pathologies is of particular interest. Another approach is creation of low molecular weight NGF mimetics that would interact with the corresponding receptors and display high biological activity but be free of the unfavorable effects of NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Oborina MV, Kapkaeva MR, Skulachev VP. Alzheimer's Disease: An Exacerbation of Senile Phenoptosis. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2016; 80:1578-81. [PMID: 26638682 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915120056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline accompanied by degeneration of neuronal synapses, massive loss of neurons in the brain, eventually resulting in complete degradation of personality and death. Currently, the cause of the disease is not fully understood, but it is believed that the person's age is the major risk factor for development of Alzheimer's disease. People who have survived after cerebral stroke or traumatic brain injury have substantially increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Social exclusion, low social activity, physical inactivity, poor mental performance, and low level of education are among risk factors for development of this neurodegenerative disease, which is consistent with the concept of phenoptosis (Skulachev, V. P., et al. (1999) Biochemistry (Moscow), 64, 1418-1426; Skulachev, M. V., and Skulachev, V. P. (2014) Biochemistry (Moscow), 79, 977-993) stating that rate of aging is related to psychological and social aspects in human behavior. Here we assumed that Alzheimer's disease might be considered as an exacerbation of senile phenoptosis. If so, then development of this disease could be slowed using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants due to the accumulated data demonstrating a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress both with normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE, Aleksandrova OP, Amelkina GA, Zelenova EA, Isaev NK. NMDA-receptors are involved in Cu2+/paraquat-induced death of cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Biochemistry Moscow 2016; 81:899-905. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stelmashook EV, Stavrovskaya AV, Yamshchikova NG, Ol'shanskii AS, Kapay NA, Popova OV, Khaspekov LG, Skrebitsky VG, Isaev NK. Mitochondria-Targeted Plastoquinone Antioxidant SkQR1 Has Positive Effect on Memory of Rats. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2016; 80:592-5. [PMID: 26071778 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915050119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A single intraperitoneal injection to rats of the mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 at dose 1 µmol/kg significantly improved reproduction by the rats of the passive avoidance conditional reflex. In vitro experiments on hippocampal slices showed that a single intraperitoneal injection of SkQR1 24 h before the preparation of the slice significantly increases the synaptic transmission efficiency of the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 field. The findings indicate that SkQR1 has a positive effect on memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Novikova SV, Amelkina GA, Ivashkin EG, Genrikhs EE, Khaspekov LG, Isaev NK. Acidosis and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) attenuate zinc/kainate toxicity in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. Biochemistry Moscow 2015; 80:1065-72. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791508012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Genrikhs EE, Amelkina GA, Khaspekov LG, Skrebitsky VG, Illarioshkin SN. Role of zinc and copper ions in the pathogenetic mechanisms of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2015; 79:391-6. [PMID: 24954589 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disbalance of zinc (Zn2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions in the central nervous system is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders such as multisystem atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Wilson-Konovalov disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Among these, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most frequent age-related neurodegenerative pathologies with disorders in Zn2+ and Cu2+ homeostasis playing a pivotal role in the mechanisms of pathogenesis. In this review we generalized and systematized current literature data concerning this problem. The interactions of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-amyloid (Abeta), tau-protein, metallothioneins, and GSK3β are considered, as well as the role of these interactions in the generation of free radicals in AD and PD. Analysis of the literature suggests that the main factors of AD and PD pathogenesis (oxidative stress, structural disorders and aggregation of proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency) that initiate a cascade of events resulting finally in the dysfunction of neuronal networks are mediated by the disbalance of Zn2+ and Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
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Gromova OA, Torshin IY, Gogoleva IV, Pronin AV, Stelmashuk EV, Isaev NK, Genrikhs EE, Demidov VI, Volkov AY, Khaspekov GL, Alexandrova OP. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic synergism between neuropeptides and lithium in the neurotrophic and neuroprotective action of cerebrolysin. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:65-72. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151153165-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Jankauskas SS, Rokitskaya TI, Chupyrkina AA, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Isaev NK, Antonenko YN, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. Mild uncoupling of respiration and phosphorylation as a mechanism providing nephro- and neuroprotective effects of penetrating cations of the SkQ family. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2014; 77:1029-37. [PMID: 23157263 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912090106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species is nonlinearly related to the value of the mitochondrial membrane potential with significant increment at values exceeding 150 mV. Due to this, high values of the membrane potential are highly dangerous, specifically under pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Mild uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation is an approach to preventing hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane. We confirmed data obtained earlier in our group that dodecylrhodamine 19 (C(12)R1) (a penetrating cation from SkQ family not possessing a plastoquinone group) has uncoupling properties, this fact making it highly potent for use in prevention of pathologies associated with oxidative stress induced by mitochondrial hyperpolarization. Further experiments showed that C(12)R1 provided nephroprotection under ischemia/reperfusion of the kidney as well as under rhabdomyolysis through diminishing of renal dysfunction manifested by elevated level of blood creatinine and urea. Similar nephroprotective properties were observed for low doses (275 nmol/kg) of the conventional uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. Another penetrating cation that did not demonstrate protonophorous activity (SkQR4) had no effect on renal dysfunction. In experiments with induced ischemic stroke, C(12)R1 did not have any effect on the area of ischemic damage, but it significantly lowered neurological deficit. We conclude that beneficial effects of penetrating cation derivatives of rhodamine 19 in renal pathologies and brain ischemia may be at least partially explained by uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Novikova SV, Stelmashook EV, Barskov IV, Silachev DN, Khaspekov LG, Skulachev VP, Zorov DB. Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 decreases trauma-induced neurological deficit in rat. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2014; 77:996-9. [PMID: 23157258 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912090052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A protective effect of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, a cationic rhodamine derivative linked to a plastoquinone molecule (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decylrhodamine-19, SkQR1) was studied in the model of open focal trauma of rat brain sensorimotor cortex. It was found that daily intraperitoneal injections of SkQR1 (100 nmol/kg) for 4 days after the trauma improved performance in a test characterizing neurological deficit and decreased the volume of the damaged cortical area. Our results suggest that SkQR1 exhibits profound neuroprotective effect, which may be explained by its antioxidative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Zorov DB, Isaev NK, Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Morosanova MA, Jankauskas SS, Zorov SD, Babenko VA. Perspectives of mitochondrial medicine. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2014; 78:979-90. [PMID: 24228919 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913090034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial medicine was established more than 50 years ago after discovery of the very first pathology caused by impaired mitochondria. Since then, more than 100 mitochondrial pathologies have been discovered. However, the number may be significantly higher if we interpret the term "mitochondrial medicine" more widely and include in these pathologies not only those determined by the genetic apparatus of the nucleus and mitochondria, but also acquired mitochondrial defects of non-genetic nature. Now the main problems of mitochondriology arise from methodology, this being due to studies of mitochondrial activities under different models and conditions that are far from the functioning of mitochondria in a cell, organ, or organism. Controversial behavior of mitochondria ("friends and foes") to some extent might be explained by their bacterial origin with possible preservation of "egoistic" features peculiar to bacteria. Apparently, for normal mitochondrial functioning it is essential to maintain homeostasis of a number of mitochondrial elements such as mitochondrial DNA structure, membrane potential, and the system of mitochondrial quality control. Abrogation of these elements can cause a number of pathologies that have become subjects of mitochondrial medicine. Some approaches to therapy of mitochondrial pathologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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Stelmashook EV, Novikova SV, Amelkina GA, Genrikhs EE, Khaspekov LG, Isaev NK. The mechanism of the neurocytotoxic effect of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride (EIPA) in the rat cerebellum cultured granule neurons. NEUROCHEM J+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241402010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gening LV, Lakhin AV, Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Tarantul VZ. Inhibition of Mn2+-induced error-prone DNA synthesis with Cd2+ and Zn2+. Biochemistry Moscow 2013; 78:1137-45. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Stelmashook NN, Sharonova IN, Skrebitsky VG. Brain aging and mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidants of SkQ-type. Biochemistry Moscow 2013; 78:295-300. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Seredenin SB, Silachev DN, Gudasheva TA, Pirogov YA, Isaev NK. Neuroprotective effect of GK-2, a dipeptide mimetic of nerve growth factor, during experimental focal ischemia in middle cerebral artery basin. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:584-7. [PMID: 22462051 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance tomography, staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride, and tests for evaluation of functional disturbances "cylinder" and "limb stimulation" showed that daily intraperitoneal injection of dipeptide mimetic of nerve growth factor GK-2 (1 mg/kg) for 6 days to rats with experimental focal ischemia provoked by unilateral intravascular occlusion of a branch of the middle cerebral artery significantly improved neurological deficit and decreased the infarction area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Seredenin
- V. V. Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Jankauskas SS, Isaev NK, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Pulkova NV, Zorov SD, Morosanova MA. The phenoptosis problem: What is causing the death of an organism? Lessons from acute kidney injury. Biochemistry Moscow 2012; 77:742-53. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912070073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kapay NA, Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Popova OV, Zorov DB, Skrebitsky VG, Skulachev VP. In vivo injected mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone antioxidant SkQR1 prevents β-amyloid-induced decay of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Biochemistry Moscow 2011; 76:1367-70. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Stelmashook EV, Isaev NK, Lozier ER, Goryacheva ES, Khaspekov LG. Role of Glutamine in Neuronal Survival and Death During Brain Ischemia and Hypoglycemia. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:415-22. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.570464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Stelmashook EV, Novikova SV, Isaev NK. Glutamine effect on cultured granule neuron death induced by glucose deprivation and chemical hypoxia. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2011; 75:1039-44. [PMID: 21073426 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910080134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a specific fluorescent probe of mitochondrial membrane potential (tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester), we have shown that glucose deprivation (GD) of cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) for 3 h lowers mitochondrial membrane potential in these cells. Longer glucose starvation (24 h) causes CGN death that is not prevented by blockers of ionotropic glutamate receptors (MK-801 (10 µM) and NBQX (10 µM)). Glutamine or pyruvate (2 mM) maintain membrane potential of mitochondria and decrease CGN death under GD conditions. In the presence of glucose the mitochondrial respiratory chain blocker rotenone induces neuron death potentiated by glutamine. The potentiation effect is completely prevented by blockers of ionotropic glutamate receptors. These results show that glutamine under conditions of GD can be utilized by mitochondria as substrate, but at the same time, in the case of mitochondrial function deterioration, metabolism of this amino acid results in glutamate accumulation to toxic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stelmashook
- Department of Brain Research, Research Center of Neurology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 105064, Russia.
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Dirnagl U, Plotnikov EY, Kuvshinova EA, Zorov DB. Mitochondrial free radical production induced by glucose deprivation in cerebellar granule neurons. Biochemistry Moscow 2011; 73:149-55. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Chupyrkina AA, Danshina MI, Jankauskas SS, Morosanova MA, Stelmashook EV, Vasileva AK, Goryacheva ES, Pirogov YA, Isaev NK, Zorov DB. New-generation Skulachev ions exhibiting nephroprotective and neuroprotective properties. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2010; 75:145-50. [PMID: 20367601 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297910020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A mitochondria-targeted chimeric compound consisting of a rhodamine derivative linked to a plastoquinone molecule (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decylrhodamine, SkQR1) was studied under conditions of acute brain or kidney damage. A protective effect of this compound was demonstrated in a model of focal brain ischemia, rat kidney ischemia/reperfusion, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis, or crush syndrome), and pyelonephritis. We found that a single intraperitoneal injection of SkQR1 diminishes the size of the ischemic zone in the brain and improves performance of a test characterizing neurological deficit in ischemic animals. Control substance not containing plastoquinone appeared to be not neuroprotective. The data show that SkQR1 is a nephroprotectant and neuroprotectant, which can be due to the antioxidative action of this Skulachev cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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Lozier ER, Dzhanibekova AI, Stel’mashuk EV, Graf AV, Zorov DB, Sokolova NA, Isaev NK. Glucose deprivation potentiates toxicity of ouabain and glutamate in cortical neurons cultured for different time periods. NEUROCHEM J+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712409030088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Plotnikov EY, Khryapenkova TG, Lozier ER, Doludin YV, Silachev DN, Zorov DB. Role of acidosis, NMDA receptors, and acid-sensitive ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) in neuronal death induced by ischemia. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2009; 73:1171-5. [PMID: 19120019 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908110011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review collects data on the influence of intracellular and extracellular acidosis on neuronal viability and the effect of acidosis on neuronal damage progressing under brain ischemia/hypoxia. Particular attention is devoted to the involvement of ionotropic glutamic receptors and acid-sensitive ion channel 1a in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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32
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Bakeeva LE, Barskov IV, Egorov MV, Isaev NK, Kapelko VI, Kazachenko AV, Kirpatovsky VI, Kozlovsky SV, Lakomkin VL, Levina SB, Pisarenko OI, Plotnikov EY, Saprunova VB, Serebryakova LI, Skulachev MV, Stelmashook EV, Studneva IM, Tskitishvili OV, Vasilyeva AK, Victorov IV, Zorov DB, Skulachev VP. Mitochondria-targeted plastoquinone derivatives as tools to interrupt execution of the aging program. 2. Treatment of some ROS- and Age-related diseases (heart arrhythmia, heart infarctions, kidney ischemia, and stroke). Biochemistry Moscow 2009; 73:1288-99. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629790812002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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33
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Zorov DB, Isaev NK, Plotnikov EY, Zorova LD, Stelmashook EV, Vasileva AK, Arkhangelskaya AA, Khrjapenkova TG. The mitochondrion as janus bifrons. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2008; 72:1115-26. [PMID: 18021069 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297907100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The signaling function of mitochondria is considered with a special emphasis on their role in the regulation of redox status of the cell, possibly determining a number of pathologies including cancer and aging. The review summarizes the transport role of mitochondria in energy supply to all cellular compartments (mitochondria as an electric cable in the cell), the role of mitochondria in plastic metabolism of the cell including synthesis of heme, steroids, iron-sulfur clusters, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Mitochondria also play an important role in the Ca(2+)-signaling and the regulation of apoptotic cell death. Knowledge of mechanisms responsible for apoptotic cell death is important for the strategy for prevention of unwanted degradation of postmitotic cells such as cardiomyocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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34
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Plotnikov EY, Khryapenkova TG, Vasileva AK, Marey MV, Galkina SI, Isaev NK, Sheval EV, Polyakov VY, Sukhikh GT, Zorov DB. Cell-to-cell cross-talk between mesenchymal stem cells and cardiomyocytes in co-culture. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 12:1622-31. [PMID: 18088382 PMCID: PMC3918078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The goals of the study were: (1) to explore the communication between human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and rat cardiac myocytes resulting in differentiation of the stem cells and, (2) to evaluate the role of mitochondria in it. Light and fluorescence microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy revealed that after co-cultivation, cells formed intercellular contacts and transient exchange with cytosolic elements could be observed. The transport of cytosolic entity had no specific direction. Noticeably, mitochondria also could be transferred to the recipient cells in a unidirectional fashion (towards cardiomyocytes only). Transmission electron microscopy revealed significant variability in both the diameter of intercellular contacting tubes and their shape. Inside of these nanotubes mitochondria-resembling structures were identified. Moreover, after co-cultivation with cardiomyocytes, expression of human-specific myosin was revealed in MSC. Thus, we speculate that: (1) transport of intracellular elements to MSC possibly can determine the direction of their differentiation and, (2) mitochondria may be involved in the mechanism of the stem cell differentiation. It looks plausible that mitochondrial transfer to recipient cardiomyocytes may be involved in the mechanism of failed myocardium repair after stem cells transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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35
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Plotnikov EY, Kazachenko AV, Vyssokikh MY, Vasileva AK, Tcvirkun DV, Isaev NK, Kirpatovsky VI, Zorov DB. The role of mitochondria in oxidative and nitrosative stress during ischemia/reperfusion in the rat kidney. Kidney Int 2007; 72:1493-502. [PMID: 17914353 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reoxygenation following ischemia causes tissue oxidative stress. We studied the role of oxidative stress caused by kidney ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on the mitochondria of renal tissue slices. I/R caused the mitochondria to be swollen, fragmented, and have lower membrane potential. The mitochondria generated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) in situ as measured by fluorescence of ROS- and NO-sensitive probes. Infusion of lithium ion, an inhibitor of glycogen kinase synthase-3, caused phosphorylation of its Ser-9 and restored the membrane potential and decreased ROS production of the mitochondrial fraction. Ischemic kidney and hypoxic rat preconditioning improved mitochondrial membrane potential and lowered ROS production caused by subsequent I/R similar to lithium ion infusion. Preconditioning normalized NO production in mitochondria as well. The drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential was prevented by NO synthase inhibition, demonstrating a strong contribution of NO to changes in mitochondrial energy metabolism during the I/R transition. Mitochondria in the I/R-stressed kidney contained less cytochrome c and more pro-apoptotic Bax, consistent with apoptotic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Plotnikov
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Structure and Functions, AN Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Data on intracellular processes induced by a low glucose level in nerve tissue are presented. The involvement of glutamate and adenosine receptors, mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium ions in the development of hypoglycemia-induced damage of neurons is considered. Hypoglycemia-induced calcium overload of neuronal mitochondria is suggested to be responsible for the increased ROS production by mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Nhemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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37
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Stelmashuk EV, Belyaeva EA, Isaev NK. Effect of acidosis, oxidative stress, and glutamate toxicity on the survival of mature and immature cultured cerebellar granule cells. NEUROCHEM J+ 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712407010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Current data on glutamate-induced functional and morphological changes in mitochondria correlating with or being a result of their membrane potential changes are reviewed. The important role of Ca2+, Na+, and H+ in the potentiation of such changes is considered. It is assumed that glutamate-induced loss of mitochondrial potential is mediated by Ca2+ overload resulting in the induction of nonspecific permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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39
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Zorov DB, Bannikova SY, Belousov VV, Vyssokikh MY, Zorova LD, Isaev NK, Krasnikov BF, Plotnikov EY. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Friends or foes? Biochemistry (Moscow) 2005; 70:215-21. [PMID: 15807661 DOI: 10.1007/s10541-005-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical and physiological functions of molecular oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and existing equilibrium between pools of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants providing steady state ROS level vital for normal mitochondrial and cell functioning are reviewed. The presence of intracellular oxygen and ROS sensors is postulated and few candidates for this role are suggested. Possible involvement of ROS in the process of fragmentation of mitochondrial reticulum made of long mitochondrial filaments serving in the cell as "electric cables", as well as the role of ROS in apoptosis and programmed mitochondrial destruction (mitoptosis) are reviewed. The critical role of ROS in destructive processes under ischemia/reoxygenation and ischemic preconditioning is discussed. Mitochondrial permeability transition gets special consideration as a possible component of the apoptotic cascade, resulting in excessive "ROS-induced ROS release".
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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40
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Dirnagl U, Andreeva NA, Manuhova L, Vorobjev VS, Sharonova IN, Skrebitsky VG, Victorov IV, Katchanov J, Weih M, Zorov DB. Neuroprotective effects of the antifungal drug clotrimazole. Neuroscience 2002; 113:47-53. [PMID: 12123683 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with 10 microM of the antifungal drug clotrimazole potently reduced the death of cultured rat cerebellar granule cells induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation, and the excitotoxic effect of glutamate on cultured hippocampal neurons and cerebellar granule cells. In patch-clamped hippocampal pyramidal neurons, 10-50 microM clotrimazole caused a decrease in the amplitude of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents. Glutamate induced intracellular Ca(2+) overload, as measured by Fluo-3 confocal fluorescence imaging, while clotrimazole reduced Ca(2+) overload and promoted the recovery of intracellular calcium homeostasis after glutamate treatment. Using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester fluorescence as a marker of mitochondrial membrane potential we found that clotrimazole prevented the glutamate-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Our data provide evidence that the protective effect of clotrimazole against oxygen/glucose deprivation and excitotoxicity is due to the ability of this drug to partially block NMDA receptor-gated channel, thus causing both reduced calcium overload and lower probability of the mitochondrial potential collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow Stat, Moscow, Russia
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Stel'mashuk EV, Andreeva NA, Manukhova L, Zorov DB, Isaev NK. Bifonazole modulates death of cultured cerebellar granular cells induced by glutamate and oxygen-glucose deprivation. Bull Exp Biol Med 2001; 132:1076-8. [PMID: 11865326 DOI: 10.1023/a:1017920725582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2001] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of cultured rat cerebellar granular cells with calmodulin antagonist bifonazole (10 mM) during oxygen-glucose deprivation or exposure to glutamate (75 mM) prevented neuronal death. However, addition of bifonazole after glutamate treatment promoted neuronal death. Calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and thioridazine had no protective effects, while thioridazine even potentiated the toxic effect of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Stel'mashuk
- Institute of Brain Research, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. stelmash@ cc.nifhi.ac.ru
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Andreeva NA, Stel'mashuk EV, Isaev NK, Ostrovskaya RU, Gudasheva TA, Viktorov IV. Neuroprotective properties of nootropic dipeptide GVS-111 in in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation, glutamate toxicity and oxidative stress. Bull Exp Biol Med 2000; 130:969-72. [PMID: 11177296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2000] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Argon anoxia and glucose deprivation were used for modeling of ischemic damage in the cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Protective effect of peptide piracetam analogue GVS-111 was demonstrated. GVS-111 prevented neurodegeneration induced by glutamate and oxidative stress. In contrast to GVS-111, piracetam did not attenuate neurocytotoxic effect of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Andreeva
- Brain Research Institute, Institute of Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. nadja@ ncyt.brain.msk.ru
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43
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Halle A, Harms C, Lautenschlager M, Weih M, Dirnagl U, Victorov IV, Zorov DB. Inhibition of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells prevents the onset of apoptosis induced by low potassium. Neurosci Lett 2000; 283:41-4. [PMID: 10729629 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In cerebellar granule cells in culture, lowering of extracellular [K(+)] results in apoptotic death (D'Mello, S.R., Galli, C., Ciotti, T. and Calissano, P., Induction of apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons by low potassium: inhibition of death by insulin-like growth factor I and cAMP, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90 (1993) 10989-10993). In this model, we studied the influence of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase inhibition on apoptosis. We demonstrate that cell death (93+/-2 vs. 46+/-1.6%) as well as fragmentation of nuclear DNA induced by low extracellular potassium were prevented by addition of ouabain (0.1 mM), a specific inhibitor of the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase. Blockade of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors by 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo(a,d)cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK-801; 20 microM) and 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 50 microM) did not inhibit the protective effect of ouabain. 24 h treatment with ouabain also decreased cell death induced by Fe(2+)/ascorbic acid (74+/-2% to 49+/-3%). We speculate that ouabain pretreatment enhances the resistance against low [K(+)]-induced apoptosis independent of glutamate-receptor activation. Since this effect can be mimicked by a free-radical generating system, we suggest an antioxidative effect underlying ouabain-induced neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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44
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Stel'mashuk EV, Isaev NK, Aleksandrova OP, Andreeva NA, Zorov DB, Viktorov IV. Effect of isosmotic medium with low sodium content on mitochondria of cultured cerebellar granular cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02433861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Stel'mashuk EV, Isaev NK, Aleksandrova OP, Andreeva NA, Zorov DB, Viktorov IV. [Effect of the isoosmotic solution with decreased sodium level on mitochondria of cultured granule cells from the cerebellum]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 2000; 129:41-4. [PMID: 10710625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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47
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Weih M, Bergk A, Isaev NK, Ruscher K, Megow D, Riepe M, Meisel A, Victorov IV, Dirnagl U, Dirnagi U. Induction of ischemic tolerance in rat cortical neurons by 3-nitropropionic acid: chemical preconditioning. Neurosci Lett 1999; 272:207-10. [PMID: 10505617 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sublethal ischemia leads to increased tolerance against subsequent ischemia. We investigated whether tolerance could also be elicited by mild respiratory-chain inhibition (chemical hypoxia) in a rat neuronal-cell enriched culture system. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of succinate-dehydrogenase. Two hours preconditioning with 3-NPA 24-48 h before oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) reduced neuronal damage morphologically and reduced lactate deydrogenase (LDH) release up to 72% compared to sham-treated sister cultures without 3-NPA. In an attempt to elucidate transcriptional mechanisms, we found no rapid translocation of the hypoxia-sensitive transcription factors N F-KB or hypoxia-inducible factor-I (HIF-I) at 3-NPA concentrations sufficient to trigger tolerance against OGD. In accordance to previous in vivo and brain slice data, we conclude that 3-NPA chemically induces tolerance against oxygen-glucose deprivation in vitro. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weih
- Department of Neurology, Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Alexandrova OP, Andreeva NA, Polyakova IA, Victorov IV, Zorov DB. The lack of extracellular Na+ exacerbates Ca2+-dependent damage of cultured cerebellar granule cells. FEBS Lett 1998; 434:188-92. [PMID: 9738475 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)00979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhodamine 123 staining, light and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the ultrastructural and functional state of cultured cerebellar granule cells after short treatment with the solution where NaCl was substituted by sucrose (sucrose balance salt medium, SBSM). Cell exposure to SBSM for 20 min resulted in the fact that mitochondria in the neurons lost their ability to sequester rhodamine 123. This effect could be prevented by: (i) non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel blocker, 10(-5) M MK-801; (ii) a competitive specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors, 0.25 x 10(-3) M D,L-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (APH); (iii) 10(-3) M cobalt chloride; (iv) removal of Ca2+ from the medium. Low Na+ in the Ca2+-containing medium caused considerable mitochondrial swelling in granule cells. However, the same treatment in the absence of calcium ions in the medium abolished the deleterious effect of SBSM on the neuronal mitochondrial structure and functions. It is suggested that (i) the exposure of cultured cerebellar granule cells to SBSM leads to a release of endogenous glutamate from cells; (ii) Ca2+ ions potentially de-energizing neuronal mitochondria enter the neuron preferentially through the NMDA channels rather than through the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger; (iii) mitochondrial swelling in granule cells is highly Ca2+-dependent; (iv) cellular overload with sodium ions can activate mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and thus prevent permeability transition pore opening in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Isaev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia.
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49
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Bruer U, Weih MK, Isaev NK, Meisel A, Ruscher K, Bergk A, Trendelenburg G, Wiegand F, Victorov IV, Dirnagl U. Induction of tolerance in rat cortical neurons: hypoxic preconditioning. FEBS Lett 1997; 414:117-21. [PMID: 9305743 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sublethal ischemia leads to increased tolerance against subsequent prolonged cerebral ischemia in vivo. In the present study we modeled preconditioning mechanisms in a neuronal-enriched culture. Damage was significantly reduced (up to 72%) with 1.5 h of oxygen-glucose deprivation 48-72 h before 3 h oxygen-glucose deprivation. Tolerance was also elicited by Na+-K+-ATPase inhibition. No damage was observed when astroglial or endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia for 3 and 6 h, respectively. We conclude that hypoxic preconditioning is a robust neuronal phenomenon in vitro with a similar temporal pattern and selective cellular vulnerability as the ischemic tolerance phenomenon shown in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bruer
- Department of Neurology, Charité Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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50
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Stel'mashuk EV, Isaev NK, Zorov DB, Viktorov IV. [Calcium causes decrease in membrane potentials of mitochondria from cultured rat cerebellar granular cells during toxic exposure to glutamate]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 1997; 123:378-80. [PMID: 9190173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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