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Proshchina A, Gulimova V, Kharlamova A, Krivova Y, Besova N, Berdiev R, Saveliev S. Reproduction and the Early Development of Vertebrates in Space: Problems, Results, Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 33572526 PMCID: PMC7911118 DOI: 10.3390/life11020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals adapt to space flight conditions. However, the adaptive changes of fully formed organisms differ radically from the responses of vertebrate embryos, foetuses, and larvae to space flight. Development is associated with active cell proliferation and the formation of organs and systems. The instability of these processes is well known. Over 20 years has passed since the last systematic experiments on vertebrate reproduction and development in space flight. At the same time, programs are being prepared for the exploration of Mars and the Moon, which justifies further investigations into space flight's impact on vertebrate development. This review focuses on various aspects of reproduction and early development of vertebrates in space flights. The results of various experiments on fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are described. The experiments in which our team took part and ontogeny of the vertebrate nervous and special sensory systems are considered in more detail. Possible causes of morphological changes are also discussed. Research on evolutionarily and taxonomically different models can advance the understanding of reproduction in microgravity. Reptiles, in particular, geckos, due to their special features, can be a promising object of space developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proshchina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Victoria Gulimova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anastasia Kharlamova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Yuliya Krivova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Besova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Rustam Berdiev
- Research and Educational Center for Wild Animal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119899 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
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Onoiko EB, Podorvanov VV, Sytnik SK, Sivash AA. The effect of simulated microgravity on formation of the pigment apparatus in etiolated barley seedlings. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Morokuma J, Durant F, Williams KB, Finkelstein JM, Blackiston DJ, Clements T, Reed DW, Roberts M, Jain M, Kimel K, Trauger SA, Wolfe BE, Levin M. Planarian regeneration in space: Persistent anatomical, behavioral, and bacteriological changes induced by space travel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 4:85-102. [PMID: 28616247 PMCID: PMC5469732 DOI: 10.1002/reg2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration is regulated not only by chemical signals but also by physical processes, such as bioelectric gradients. How these may change in the absence of the normal gravitational and geomagnetic fields is largely unknown. Planarian flatworms were moved to the International Space Station for 5 weeks, immediately after removing their heads and tails. A control group in spring water remained on Earth. No manipulation of the planaria occurred while they were in orbit, and space‐exposed worms were returned to our laboratory for analysis. One animal out of 15 regenerated into a double‐headed phenotype—normally an extremely rare event. Remarkably, amputating this double‐headed worm again, in plain water, resulted again in the double‐headed phenotype. Moreover, even when tested 20 months after return to Earth, the space‐exposed worms displayed significant quantitative differences in behavior and microbiome composition. These observations may have implications for human and animal space travelers, but could also elucidate how microgravity and hypomagnetic environments could be used to trigger desired morphological, neurological, physiological, and bacteriomic changes for various regenerative and bioengineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Morokuma
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Fallon Durant
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Katherine B Williams
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Joshua M Finkelstein
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Douglas J Blackiston
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Twyman Clements
- Kentucky Space LLC, 200 West Vine St., Suite 420 Lexington KY 40507 USA
| | - David W Reed
- NASA Kennedy Space Center Space Station Processing Facility Building M7-0360, Kennedy Space Center FL 32899 USA
| | - Michael Roberts
- Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) 6905 N. Wickham Rd., Suite 500 Melbourne FL 32940 USA
| | - Mahendra Jain
- Kentucky Space LLC, 200 West Vine St., Suite 420 Lexington KY 40507 USA
| | - Kris Kimel
- Exomedicine Institute 200 West Vine St. Lexington KY 40507 USA
| | - Sunia A Trauger
- Harvard University Small Molecule Mass Spectrometry Facility 52 Oxford St. Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Benjamin E Wolfe
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University Biology Department Tufts University 200 Boston Ave., Suite 4600 Medford MA 02155-4243 USA
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Schuster H, Peck SL. Mars ain't the kind of place to raise your kid: ethical implications of pregnancy on missions to colonize other planets. LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2016; 12:10. [PMID: 27558392 PMCID: PMC4996799 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The colonization of a new planet will inevitably bring about new bioethical issues. One is the possibility of pregnancy during the mission. During the journey to the target planet or moon, and for the first couple of years before a colony has been established and the colony has been accommodated for children, a pregnancy would jeopardize the safety of the crew and the wellbeing of the child. The principal concern with a pregnancy during an interplanetary mission is that it could put the entire crew in danger. Resources such as air, food, and medical supplies will be limited and calculated to keep the crew members alive. We explore the bioethical concerns of near-future space travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Schuster
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Steven L Peck
- Biology Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
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