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Proshchina A, Kharlamova A, Krivova Y, Godovalova O, Otlyga D, Gulimova V, Otlyga E, Junemann O, Sonin G, Saveliev S. Neuromorphological Atlas of Human Prenatal Brain Development: White Paper. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051182. [PMID: 37240827 DOI: 10.3390/life13051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent morphological data on human brain development are quite fragmentary. However, they are highly requested for a number of medical practices, educational programs, and fundamental research in the fields of embryology, cytology and histology, neurology, physiology, path anatomy, neonatology, and others. This paper provides the initial information on the new online Human Prenatal Brain Development Atlas (HBDA). The Atlas will start with forebrain annotated hemisphere maps, based on human fetal brain serial sections at the different stages of prenatal ontogenesis. Spatiotemporal changes in the regional-specific immunophenotype profiles will also be demonstrated on virtual serial sections. The HBDA can serve as a reference database for the neurological research, which provides opportunity to compare the data obtained by noninvasive techniques, such as neurosonography, X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, 3D high-resolution phase-contrast computed tomography visualization techniques, as well as spatial transcriptomics data. It could also become a database for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual variability in the human brain. Systemized data on the mechanisms and pathways of prenatal human glio- and neurogenesis could also contribute to the search for new therapy methods for a large spectrum of neurological pathologies, including neurodegenerative and cancer diseases. The preliminary data are now accessible on the special HBDA website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proshchina
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kharlamova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Krivova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Godovalova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Gulimova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Junemann
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Sonin
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia
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Meshkov A, Khafizov A, Buzmakov A, Bukreeva I, Junemann O, Fratini M, Cedola A, Chukalina M, Yamaev A, Gigli G, Wilde F, Longo E, Asadchikov V, Saveliev S, Nikolaev D. Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Post-Mortem Human’s Olfactory Bulb Structures in X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography. Tomography 2022; 8:1854-1868. [PMID: 35894021 PMCID: PMC9331385 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human olfactory bulb (OB) has a laminar structure. The segregation of cell populations in the OB image poses a significant challenge because of indistinct boundaries of the layers. Standard 3D visualization tools usually have a low resolution and cannot provide the high accuracy required for morphometric analysis. X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) offers sufficient resolution and contrast to identify single cells in large volumes of the brain. The numerous microanatomical structures detectable in XPCT image of the OB, however, greatly complicate the manual delineation of OB neuronal cell layers. To address the challenging problem of fully automated segmentation of XPCT images of human OB morphological layers, we propose a new pipeline for tomographic data processing. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used to segment XPCT image of native unstained human OB. Virtual segmentation of the whole OB and an accurate delineation of each layer in a healthy non-demented OB is mandatory as the first step for assessing OB morphological changes in smell impairment research. In this framework, we proposed an effective tool that could help to shed light on OB layer-specific degeneration in patients with olfactory disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Meshkov
- The Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy per., 141701 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anvar Khafizov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.B.); (V.A.)
- Croc Inc. Company, Volochayevskaya Ulitsa 5/3, 111033 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Buzmakov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.B.); (V.A.)
- Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Str. 44b2, 119333 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology—CNR, c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Leninskiy pr. 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Junemann
- FSSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupy Str. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (O.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology—CNR, c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00142 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology—CNR, c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (M.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Marina Chukalina
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.B.); (V.A.)
- Smart Engines Service LLC, 60-Letiya Oktyabrya pr. 9, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (D.N.)
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Bol’shoi Karetnii per. 19 Str. 1, 127051 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrei Yamaev
- Smart Engines Service LLC, 60-Letiya Oktyabrya pr. 9, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (D.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology—CNR, c/o Campus Ecotekne—Universita del Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Fabian Wilde
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;
| | - Elena Longo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Victor Asadchikov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr. 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (A.B.); (V.A.)
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- FSSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupy Str. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (O.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Dmitry Nikolaev
- Smart Engines Service LLC, 60-Letiya Oktyabrya pr. 9, 117312 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (D.N.)
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (Kharkevich Institute), Bol’shoi Karetnii per. 19 Str. 1, 127051 Moscow, Russia
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Proshchina A, Gulimova V, Kharlamova A, Krivova Y, Barabanov V, Saveliev S. Cytoskeleton Markers in the Spinal Cord and Mechanoreceptors of Thick-Toed Geckos after Prolonged Space Flights. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010100. [PMID: 35054493 PMCID: PMC8781937 DOI: 10.3390/life12010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spaceflight may cause hypogravitational motor syndrome (HMS). However, the role of the nervous system in the formation of HMS remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of space flights on the cytoskeleton of the neuronal and glial cells in the spinal cord and mechanoreceptors in the toes of thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY, 1864). Thick-toed geckos are able to maintain attachment and natural locomotion in weightlessness. Different types of mechanoreceptors have been described in the toes of geckos. After flight, neurofilament 200 immunoreactivity in mechanoreceptors was lower than in control. In some motor neurons of flight geckos, nonspecific pathomorphological changes were observed, but they were also detected in the control. No signs of gliosis were detected after spaceflight. Cytoskeleton markers adequately reflect changes in the cells of the nervous system. We suggest that geckos’ adhesion is controlled by the nervous system. Our study revealed no significant disturbances in the morphology of the spinal cord after the prolonged space flight, supporting the hypothesis that geckos compensate the alterations, characteristic for other mammals in weightlessness, by tactile stimulation.
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Otlyga D, Tsvetkova E, Junemann O, Saveliev S. Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Human Carotid Body in the Antenatal and Postnatal Periods of Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8222. [PMID: 34360987 PMCID: PMC8348551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary and ontogenetic development of the carotid body is still understudied. Research aimed at studying the comparative morphology of the organ at different periods in the individual development of various animal species should play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of the carotid body. However, despite more than two centuries of study, the human carotid body remains poorly understood. There are many knowledge gaps in particular related to the antenatal development of this structure. The aim of our work is to study the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the human carotid body in the antenatal and postnatal periods of development. We investigated the human carotid bodies from 1 embryo, 20 fetuses and 13 adults of different ages using samples obtained at autopsy. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of βIII-tubulin and tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells and nerve fibers at all periods of ontogenesis; synaptophysin and PGP9.5 in the type I cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; 200 kDa neurofilaments in nerve fibers in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; and GFAP and S100 in the type II cells and Schwann cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases. A high level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells was a distinctive feature of the antenatal carotid bodies. On the contrary, in the type I cells of adults, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was significantly lower. Our data suggest that the human carotid body may perform an endocrine function in the antenatal period, while in the postnatal period of development, it loses this function and becomes a chemosensory organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Otlyga
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (E.T.); (O.J.); (S.S.)
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Kharlamova A, Proshchina A, Gulimova V, Krivova Y, Soldatov P, Saveliev S. Cerebellar morphology and behavioural correlations of the vestibular function alterations in weightlessness. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:314-328. [PMID: 33766673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In humans and other vertebrates, the range of disturbances and behavioural changes induced by spaceflight conditions are well known. Sensory organs and the central nervous system (CNS) are forced to adapt to new environmental conditions of weightlessness. In comparison with peripheral vestibular organs and behavioural disturbances in weightlessness conditions, the CNS vestibular centres of vertebrates, including the cerebellum, have been poorly examined in orbital experiments, as well as in experimental micro- and hypergravity. However, the cerebellum serves as a critical control centre for learning and sensory system integration during space-flight. Thus, it is referred to as a principal brain structure for adaptation to gravity and the entire sensorimotor adaptation and learning during weightlessness. This paper is focused on the prolonged spaceflight effects on the vestibular cerebellum evidenced from animal models used in the Bion-M1 project. The changes in the peripheral vestibular apparatus and brainstem primary vestibular centres with appropriate behavioural disorders after altered gravity exposure are briefly reviewed. The cerebellum studies in space missions and altered gravity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kharlamova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Victoria Gulimova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Krivova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Soldatov
- State Scientific Center of Russian Federation Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007, Khoroshevskoyoe Shosse, 76A, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsyurupy St., 3, Moscow, Russia
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Proshchina A, Gulimova V, Kharlamova A, Krivova Y, Besova N, Berdiev R, Saveliev S. Reproduction and the Early Development of Vertebrates in Space: Problems, Results, Opportunities. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:109. [PMID: 33572526 PMCID: PMC7911118 DOI: 10.3390/life11020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals adapt to space flight conditions. However, the adaptive changes of fully formed organisms differ radically from the responses of vertebrate embryos, foetuses, and larvae to space flight. Development is associated with active cell proliferation and the formation of organs and systems. The instability of these processes is well known. Over 20 years has passed since the last systematic experiments on vertebrate reproduction and development in space flight. At the same time, programs are being prepared for the exploration of Mars and the Moon, which justifies further investigations into space flight's impact on vertebrate development. This review focuses on various aspects of reproduction and early development of vertebrates in space flights. The results of various experiments on fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are described. The experiments in which our team took part and ontogeny of the vertebrate nervous and special sensory systems are considered in more detail. Possible causes of morphological changes are also discussed. Research on evolutionarily and taxonomically different models can advance the understanding of reproduction in microgravity. Reptiles, in particular, geckos, due to their special features, can be a promising object of space developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Proshchina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Victoria Gulimova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Anastasia Kharlamova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Yuliya Krivova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Besova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Rustam Berdiev
- Research and Educational Center for Wild Animal Rehabilitation, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, 119899 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Ministry of Science and Higher Education RF, Tsurupi Street, 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.); (A.K.); (Y.K.); (N.B.); (S.S.)
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Bukreeva I, Junemann O, Cedola A, Palermo F, Maugeri L, Begani Provinciali G, Pieroni N, Sanna A, Otlyga DA, Buzmakov A, Krivonosov Y, Zolotov D, Chukalina M, Ivanova A, Saveliev S, Asadchikov V, Fratini M. Investigation of the human pineal gland 3D organization by X-ray phase contrast tomography. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107659. [PMID: 33152420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pineal gland (PG) is a part of the human brain epithalamus that plays an important role in sleep, circadian rhythm, immunity, and reproduction. The calcium deposits and lesions in PG interfere with normal function of the organ and can be associated with different health disorders including serious neurological diseases. At the moment, the detailed mechanisms of PG calcifications and PG lesions formation as well as their involvement in pathological processes are not fully understood. The deep and comprehensive study of the structure of the uncut human PG with histological details, poses a stiff challenge to most imaging techniques, due to low spatial resolution, low visibility or to exceedingly aggressive sample preparation. Here, we investigate the whole uncut and unstained human post-mortem PGs by X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT). XPCT is an advanced 3D imaging technique, that permits to study of both soft and calcified tissue of a sample at different scales: from the whole organ to cell structure. In our research we simultaneously resolved 3D structure of parenchyma, vascular network and calcifications. Moreover, we distinguished structural details of intact and degenerated PG tissue. We discriminated calcifications with different structure, pinealocytes nuclei and the glial cells processes. All results were validated by histology. Our research clear demonstrated that XPCT is a potential tool for the high resolution 3D imaging of PG morphological features. This technique opens a new perspective to investigate PG dysfunction and understand the mechanisms of onset and progression of diseases involving the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, RAS, Leninskiy pr., 53 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Olga Junemann
- FSSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupy Str 3, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Palermo
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 352, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Begani Provinciali
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; Laboratoire d'Optique appliquée, ENSTA Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 828 boulevard des Maréchaux, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; SAIMLAL Department, Sapienza University, via A. Scarpa 14, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Sanna
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Dmitry A Otlyga
- FSSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupy Str 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Buzmakov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Krivonosov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Zolotov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Chukalina
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation; Smart Engines Service LLC, 60-letiya Oktyabrya pr., 9, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Ivanova
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- FSSI Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsyurupy Str 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Asadchikov
- FSRC «Crystallography and Photonics» RAS, Leninskiy pr., 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology- CNR, Lecce Unit, Campus Ecotekne Via Monteroni, Lecce; Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 352, Rome, Italy
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Krivova Y, Proshchina A, Barabanov V, Leonova O, Saveliev S. Structure of neuro-endocrine and neuro-epithelial interactions in human foetal pancreas. Tissue Cell 2016; 48:567-576. [PMID: 27823763 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the pancreas of many mammals including humans, endocrine islet cells can be integrated with the nervous system components into neuro-insular complexes. The mechanism of the formation of such complexes is not clearly understood. The present study evaluated the interactions between the nervous system components, epithelial cells and endocrine cells in the human pancreas. Foetal pancreas, gestational age 19-23 weeks (13 cases) and 30-34 weeks (7 cases), were studied using double immunohistochemical labeling with neural markers (S100 protein and beta III tubulin), epithelial marker (cytokeratin 19 (CK19)) and antibodies to insulin and glucagon. We first analyse the structure of neuro-insular complexes using confocal microscopy and provide immunohistochemical evidences of the presence of endocrine cells within the ganglia or inside the nerve bundles. We showed that the nervous system components contact with the epithelial cells located in ducts or in clusters outside the ductal epithelium and form complexes with separate epithelial cells. We observed CK19-positive cells inside the ganglia and nerve bundles which were located separately or were integrated with the islets. Therefore, we conclude that neuro-insular complexes may forms as a result of integration between epithelial cells and nervous system components at the initial stages of islets formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexandra Proshchina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Barabanov
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 117418, Tsurupy St. 3, Moscow, Russia.
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Buzmakov A, Chukalina M, Nikolaev D, Gulimova V, Saveliev S, Tereschenko E, Seregin A, Senin R, Zolotov D, Prun V, Shaefer G, Asadchikov V. Monochromatic computed microtomography using laboratory and synchrotron sources and X-ray fluorescence analysis for comprehensive analysis of structural changes in bones. J Appl Crystallogr 2015; 48:693-701. [PMID: 26089762 PMCID: PMC4453975 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576715006214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of X-ray tomography at different wavelengths and X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied in the study of two types of bone tissue changes: prolonged presence in microgravity conditions and age-related bone growth. The proximal tail vertebrae of geckos were selected for investigation because they do not bear the supporting load in locomotion, which allows them to be considered as an independent indicator of gravitational influence. For the vertebrae of geckos no significant differences were revealed in the elemental composition of the flight samples and the synchronous control samples. In addition, the gecko bone tissue samples from the jaw apparatus, spine and shoulder girdle were measured. The dynamics of structural changes in the bone tissue growth was studied using samples of a human fetal hand. The hands of human fetuses of 11-15 weeks were studied. Autonomous zones of calcium accumulation were found not only in individual fingers but in each of the investigated phalanges. The results obtained are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Buzmakov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Chukalina
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Nikolaev
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems (Kharkevich Institute) RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Sergey Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Tereschenko
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Seregin
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Senin
- National Research Centre ‘Kurchatov Institute’, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Zolotov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Prun
- Department of Innovation and High Technology, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Gerald Shaefer
- Department of Computer Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Victor Asadchikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Abstract
Abstract
Play behavior was observed in thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY 1864) during a 30-day orbital experiment on the unmanned spacecraft “BION-M” No. 1. The geckos wore ornamented colored collars which made it possible to track the behavior of individual animals on video recordings. The object of the play behavior was a collar that one of the geckos had managed to remove in the pre-launch period and which floated weightless in the animal holding unit under microgravity. Four of the five geckos participated in play episodes, which were defined as one-time interactions with the collar, as well in a fuller form of play that included approaching the unmoving collar or observing its approach, manipulations with the collar and further tracking the collar. Manipulations with the collar could take the form of complicated play, such as pressing the snout against the edge of the collar rim, multiple episodes of pushing the collar with the snout, inserting the head into the collar, holding the collar by pressing the head to the container floor and tilting the head with the collar on the snout. There were individual variations in play pattern. Explanations for the rarity of play behavior in reptiles under normal conditions and the geckos’ playfulness in microgravity are discussed. Appropriate video is available at http://www.momo-p.com/showdetail-e.php?movieid=momo150224ct01a.
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Buzmakov A, Chukalina M, Nikolaev D, Schaefer G, Gulimova V, Saveliev S, Tereschenko E, Seregin A, Senin R, Prun V, Zolotov D, Asadchikov V. Computed microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analysis for comprehensive analysis of structural changes in bone. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2013:2340-2343. [PMID: 24110194 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive analysis of structural changes in the caudal vertebrae of Turner's thick-toed geckos by computer microtomography and X-ray fluorescence analysis. We present algorithms used for the reconstruction of tomographic images which allow to work with high noise level projections that represent typical conditions dictated by the nature of the samples. Reptiles, due to their ruggedness, small size, belonging to the amniote and a number of other valuable features, are an attractive model object for long-orbital experiments on unmanned spacecraft. Issues of possible changes in their bone tissue under the influence of spaceflight are the subject of discussions between biologists from different laboratories around the world.
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Snetkova E, Chelnaya N, Serova L, Saveliev S, Cherdanzova E, Pronych S, Wassersug R. Effects of space flight on Xenopus laevis larval development. J Exp Zool 1995; 273:21-32. [PMID: 7561721 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402730104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-three fertilized Xenopus laevis embryos at early tail bud stage were launched into orbit aboard a Biocosmos satellite and remained in microgravity for 11.5 days. During this period, the embryos hatched and continued to develop as free-living larvae. Forty-eight individuals survived the mission. Upon recovery these tadpoles had smaller heads/bodies and proportionately longer tails than ground controls. Almost all the flight animals had caudal lordosis and consequently swam in backward somersaults. Compared to ground-based controls, their notochords were significantly larger in cross-sectional area and were deformed. Caudal muscle fibers were less dense and involuted in a fashion indicative of degeneration. In contrast, cranial muscles associated with buccal pumping did not differ between the flight and control animals. Upon landing, the flight larvae were found to be negatively buoyant and lay on the bottom when they were not swimming. They had significantly smaller lungs than controls, suggesting that they had failed to inflate their lungs in microgravity. Additionally, the branchial baskets, gill filters and thymuses all showed signs of retarded development or degeneration. The caudal deformity that we observed in the flight X. laevis has been independently observed in three other space flight experiments where embryos were launched then hatched in space. In contrast, Xenopus larvae from another orbital experiment that were raised from fertilization through hatching in space did not exhibit any caudal abnormalities. These divergent results suggest that either features of the launch itself (i.e., high acceleration and vibration) or an abrupt decrease in gravity during the tail bud stage detrimentally affects musculoskeletal development in anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Snetkova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow State University, Russia
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Korochkin L, Saveliev S, Ivanov A, Evgeniev M, Bessova N, Gulimova V. Nerve cells of Drosophila Notch mutant are differentiated inside amphibian brain: a new approach for the analysis of genetic control of nerve cell differentiation. Genetica 1991; 85:23-34. [PMID: 1778472 DOI: 10.1007/bf00056103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of the neural primordium of a new Notch mutant of Drosophila melanogaster produced in our laboratory were transplanted into the neural tube of embryos of 4 amphibian species (caudate and ecaudate) immediately after completion of neurulation. The grafts were identified by using a light microscope, scanning electron miscroscope, and in situ hybridization with mobile genetic elements of Drosophila and fluorescent dyes as markers. As has been shown, Drosophila nerve cells survive and differentiate inside the neural tube of amphibian embryos. The grafts increase in size by twentyfold and the cell proliferation zones are retained during the period of six months. Differentiated cells of the graft formed axon-dendritic contacts with recipient cells and penetrated into the organisms' brain structures. The effect of Drosophila transplants proved to be different for caudate and ecaudate amphibians. The presence of the graft accelerated the development of Xenopus laevis and it also affected their behavior. This approach can be very useful for the study of genetic basis of development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Korochkin
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, USSR
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