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Hsieh CL, Huang SM, Chen LI, Yu CM, Wong CH, Peng RY. Novel Approach of Using Nutraceutic-Directed Caloric Antioxidant Density and Ion-Ratio for Evaluating Fruit's Health Quality. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2059-68. [PMID: 27467811 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seven kinds of indigenous fruits and five imported fruits were compared for their "health quality." Methods including the calorific, antioxidant, and ion ratios were carried out. Results indicated the order of content (in mg/100g) was: Ca(2+) , Murcott orange (218.2) > Kiwifruit (200.0) > pineapple (138.5) > Golden kiwi (117.6); Mg(2+) , Pitaya (192.2), banana (88.0), Kiwifruit (63.4), and Golden kiwi (58.4); Zn(2+) , Pitaya (19.53) > pear (10.8) > Kiwifruit (6.09) > Irwin mango (4.58). Cu(2+) , Kiwifruit (0.70) > Red globe grape (0.67) > Golden kiwi (0.65) > Irwin mango (0.42) ≈ Pitaya (0.40). In terms of ion ratio, Pitaya showed Zn(2+) /Cu(2+) (48.8), Mg(2+) /Ca(2+) (6.7) and uniquely possessed selenium 0.002 mg/100 g; for pear, Zn(2+) /Cu(2+) = 37.2, while Kyoho grape, Red globe grape, and Golden kiwi revealed extremely high Fe(2+) /(Co(2+) +Ni(2+) ) ratios. On the other hands, Irwin mango and Pitaya astonishingly contained huge amount of inositol, reaching 3523.2 mg/100 g and 1998.7 mg/100 g, respectively. To evaluate the "health quality" of fruits, an overall ranking method by combining (a) the Function-directed Caloric Antioxidant Density (CAD) and (b) the ion ratio was developed. The finalized ranking of these selected fruits was: Pitaya > cherry > Irwin mango > Murcott orange = pineapple > banana > Golden kiwi > pear > Kiwifruit > Red globe grape > apple > Kyoho grape. Conclusively, this evaluation method is novel, contemporary and scientific, which could more clearly assess the "health quality" of fruits in view of nutritional, calorific, and antioxidant balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Lan Hsieh
- Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007
| | - Shang-Ming Huang
- Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007
| | - Li-I Chen
- Fruit industry section, the Agriculture and Food Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 8 Guanghua Rd., Nantou City, Taiwan, 54044
| | - Chien-Mei Yu
- Graduate Inst. of Biotechnology, Changhua Univ. of Education, 1 Jin-De Rd., Changhua, Taiwan, 50007
| | - Cheng-Hsin Wong
- Crop production division, Agriculture and Food Agency, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, 8 Guanghua Rd., Nantou City, Taiwan, 54044
| | - Robert Y Peng
- Research Inst. of Biotechnology, Hungkuang Univ, 34 Chung-Chie Rd., Shalu District, Taichung City, Taiwan, 43302.,Research Inst. of Medicinal Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical Univ, 250 Wu-Xing St, Taipei, Taiwan, 11031
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Malomouzh AI, Mukhitov AR, Proskurina SE, Vyskocil F, Nikolsky EE. The effect of dynasore, a blocker of dynamin-dependent endocytosis, on spontaneous quantal and non-quantal release of acetylcholine in murine neuromuscular junctions. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2015; 459:330-3. [PMID: 25560208 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496614060052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A I Malomouzh
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Tatarstan, Russia,
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Purine P2Y receptors in ATP-mediated regulation of non-quantal acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings of rat diaphragm. Neurosci Res 2011; 71:219-25. [PMID: 21821069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We established the effect of ATP, which is released together with acetylcholine (ACh), on the non-quantal ACh release (NQR) in rat diaphragm endplates and checked what kind of purine receptors are involved. NQR was estimated by the amplitude of endplate hyperpolarization (the H-effect) following the blockade of postsynaptic nicotinic receptors and cholinesterase. 100 μM ATP reduced the H-effect to 66% of the control. The action of ATP remained unchanged after the inhibition of ionotropic P2X receptors by Evans blue and PPADS, but disappeared after the application of the broad spectrum P2 receptor antagonist suramin, metabotropic P2Y receptor blocker reactive blue 2 and U73122, an inhibitor of phospholipase C. P2Y-mediated regulation is not coupled to presynaptic voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. During the simultaneous application of ATP and glutamate (which is another ACh cotransmitter reducing non-quantal release), the additive depressant effect led to a disappearance of the H-effect. This can be explained by the independence of the action of ATP and glutamate. Unlike the effects of purines on the spontaneous quantal secretion of ACh, its non-quantal release is regulated via P2Y receptors coupled to G(q/11) and PLC. ATP thus regulates the neuromuscular synapse by two different pathways.
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