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Hernando AV, Sun W, Abitbol T. "You Are What You Eat": How Fungal Adaptation Can Be Leveraged toward Myco-Material Properties. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2024; 8:2300140. [PMID: 38486929 PMCID: PMC10935908 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fungi adapt to their surroundings, modifying their behaviors and composition under different conditions like nutrient availability and environmental stress. This perspective examines how a basic understanding of fungal genetics and the different ways that fungi can be influenced by their surroundings can be leveraged toward the production of functional mycelium materials. Simply put, within the constraints of a given genetic script, both the quality and quantity of fungal mycelium are shaped by what they eat and where they grow. These two levers, encompassing their global growth environment, can be turned toward different materials outcomes. The final properties of myco-materials are thus intimately shaped by the conditions of their growth, enabling the design of new biobased and biodegradable material constructions for applications that have traditionally relied on petroleum-based chemicals.This perspective highlights aspects of fungal genetics and environmental adaptation that have potential materials science implications, along the way touching on key studies, both to situate the state of the art within the field and to punctuate the viewpoints of the authors. Finally, this work ends with future perspectives, reinforcing key topics deemed important to consider in emerging myco-materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Vivas Hernando
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
| | - Tiffany Abitbol
- Institute of Materials (IMX)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Lausanne1015Switzerland
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Valenzuela-Gloria MS, Balagurusamy N, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar O, Hernández-Almanza A, Aguilar CN. Molecular Characterization of Fungal Pigments. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:326. [PMID: 33922407 PMCID: PMC8146848 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial application of pigments of biological origin has been gaining strength over time, which is mainly explained by the increased interest of the consumer for products with few synthetic additives. So, the search for biomolecules from natural origin has challenged food scientists and technologists to identify, develop efficient and less consuming strategies for extraction and characterization of biopigments. In this task, elucidation of molecular structure has become a fundamental requirement, since it is necessary to comply with compound regulatory submissions of industrial sectors such as food, pharmaceutical agrichemicals, and other new chemical entity registrations. Molecular elucidation consists of establishing the chemical structure of a molecule, which allows us to understand the interaction between the natural additive (colorant, flavor, antioxidant, etc) and its use (interaction with the rest of the mixture of compounds). Elucidation of molecular characteristics can be achieved through several techniques, the most common being infrared spectroscopy (IR), spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), nuclear-resonance spectroscopy (MAGNETIC MRI), and mass spectrometry. This review provides the details that aid for the molecular elucidation of pigments of fungal origin, for a viable and innocuous application of these biopigments by various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S. Valenzuela-Gloria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nagamani Balagurusamy
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, BBG-DIA, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Aguilar
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico;
| | - Ayerim Hernández-Almanza
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón 27000, Coahuila, Mexico; (M.S.V.-G.); (N.B.)
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group, BBG-DIA, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico;
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Fu J, Yang Q, Feng L. High-throughput screening of lycopene-overproducing mutants of Blakeslea trispora by combining ARTP mutation with microtiter plate cultivation and transcriptional changes revealed by RNA-seq. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Z, Li X, Yu C, Lu S, Xiong S, Yuan Y. Continuous Self-Cycling Fermentation Leads to Economical Lycopene Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:420. [PMID: 32500064 PMCID: PMC7242880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The economic feasibility and waste treatment problem are challenges to the industrialization of lycopene production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, fermentation wastewater, biomass residue, and residual D-galactose are recycled for lycopene production. Results show that when fresh water is totally replaced by wastewater, lycopene titer attains 1.21 ± 0.02 g/L, which is 14.2% higher than the fresh water group (P < 0.05). An 80% replacement ratio of yeast extract by biomass residue causes no significant difference to lycopene production while 100% replacement ratio significantly lowers lycopene titer compared with the yeast extract group. Then, a novel fermentation medium containing wastewater and biomass residue with supplementing 3 g/L yeast extract and D-galactose is used for lycopene production. Lycopene titer increases 22.4% than the traditional fermentation in shake flasks (P < 0.05). Continuous self-cycling strategy using wastewater and biomass residue was tested in shake flasks. The mean lycopene titer of the first five recycles shows no significant difference with the start batch. Scaling up to 70 L fermenter, the mean lycopene titer attains 5.88 ± 0.15 g/L in three recycles, which is 22.25% higher than the start batch (P < 0.05). Economic analysis shows that the lowest unite product cost is achieved when four recycles are accomplished, which is 29.6% lower than the traditional fermentation while the chemical oxygen demand decreases 64.0%. Our study shows that continuous self-cycling fermentation process for lycopene production is feasible for the first time. The comprehensive utilization of wastewater and biomass residue from lycopene production by S. cerevisiae and achievement of high lycopene titer will hopefully accelerate industrialization of microbial production of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China.,CABIO Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- CABIO Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Yu
- CABIO Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhuan Lu
- CABIO Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuting Xiong
- CABIO Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China.,Hubei Province Nutrition Chemicals Biosynthetic Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, China
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Gmoser R, Ferreira JA, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Filamentous ascomycetes fungi as a source of natural pigments. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2017; 4:4. [PMID: 28955473 PMCID: PMC5611665 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-017-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi, including the ascomycetes Monascus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Neurospora, are being explored as novel sources of natural pigments with biological functionality for food, feed and cosmetic applications. Such edible fungi can be used in biorefineries for the production of ethanol, animal feed and pigments from waste sources. The present review gathers insights on fungal pigment production covering biosynthetic pathways and stimulatory factors (oxidative stress, light, pH, nitrogen and carbon sources, temperature, co-factors, surfactants, oxygen, tricarboxylic acid intermediates and morphology) in addition to pigment extraction, analysis and identification methods. Pigmentation is commonly regarded as the output of secondary protective mechanisms against oxidative stress and light. Although several studies have examined pigmentation in Monascus spp., research gaps exist in the investigation of interactions among factors as well as process development on larger scales under submerged and solid-state fermentation. Currently, research on pigmentation in Neurospora spp. is at its infancy, but the increasing interest for biorefineries shows potential for booming research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gmoser
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden.,University of Borås, Allégatan 1, 503 32 Borås, Sweden
| | - Jorge A Ferreira
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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Hernández-Almanza A, Montañez J, Martínez G, Aguilar-Jiménez A, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Lycopene: Progress in microbial production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hernández-Almanza A, Montañez-Sáenz J, Martínez-Ávila C, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Aguilar CN. Carotenoid production by Rhodotorula glutinis YB-252 in solid-state fermentation. FOOD BIOSCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chandi GK, Gill BS. Production and Characterization of Microbial Carotenoids as an Alternative to Synthetic Colors: a Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903256956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Papaioannou EH, Stoforos NG, Liakopoulou-Kyriakides M. Substrate contribution on free radical scavenging capacity of carotenoid extracts produced from Blakeslea trispora cultures. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mantzouridou F, Tsimidou MZ. Lycopene formation in Blakeslea trispora. Chemical aspects of a bioprocess. Trends Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pegklidou K, Mantzouridou F, Tsimidou MZ. Lycopene production using Blakeslea trispora in the presence of 2-methyl imidazole: yield, selectivity, and safety aspects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:4482-4490. [PMID: 18494492 DOI: 10.1021/jf800272k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The potential role of 2-methyl imidazole in improving lycopene production by Blakeslea trispora with regards to yield, selectivity, and safety aspects was investigated in batch culture. Optimization of the bioprocess conditions in terms of (a) (+) and (-) strain ratio in the inoculum, (b) initial crude soybean oil (CSO) addition level, and (c) the amount of 2-methyl imidazole was based on response surface methodology to achieve maximum lycopene production. The dependence of growth kinetics, lycopene yield, and selectivity of the bioprocess on the above factors was clear. 2-Methyl imidazole at 50 mg/L was found equally active in terms of lycopene cyclase inhibition with that at 200 or 100 mg/L; in all cases, lycopene accounted for 94% of the total carotenoids. The highest yield was observed at a 50 mg/L level of addition (24 mg/g of biomass dry weight,) in a substrate supplemented with CSO (48 g/L of culture medium) and inoculated with 1(+)/7(-) strain ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiriaki Pegklidou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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