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da Silva MK, Barreto DLC, Vieira R, Neto AA, de Oliveira FS, Convey P, Rosa CA, Duarte AWF, Rosa LH. Diversity and enzymatic, biosurfactant and phytotoxic activities of culturable Ascomycota fungi present in marine sediments obtained near the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2024; 28:20. [PMID: 38493412 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We studied the culturable fungal community recovered from deep marine sediments in the maritime Antarctic, and assessed their capabilities to produce exoenzymes, emulsifiers and metabolites with phytotoxic activity. Sixty-eight Ascomycota fungal isolates were recovered and identified. The most abundant taxon recovered was the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii, followed by the filamentous fungi Penicillium chrysogenum, P. cf. palitans, Pseudeurotium cf. bakeri, Thelebolus balaustiformis, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Cladosporium sp. Diversity indices displayed low values overall, with the highest values obtained at shallow depth, decreasing to the deepest location sampled. Only M. guilliermondii and P. cf. palitans were detected in the sediments at all depths sampled, and were the most abundant taxa at all sample sites. The most abundant enzymes detected were proteases, followed by invertases, cellulases, lipases, carrageenases, agarases, pectinases and esterases. Four isolates showed good biosurfactant activity, particularly the endemic species A. psychrotrophicus. Twenty-four isolates of P. cf. palitans displayed strong phytotoxic activities against the models Lactuca sativa and Allium schoenoprasum. The cultivable fungi recovered demonstrated good biosynthetic activity in the production of hydrolytic exoenzymes, biosurfactant molecules and metabolites with phytotoxic activity, reinforcing the importance of documenting the taxonomic, ecological and biotechnological properties of fungi present in deep oceanic sediments of the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne Karla da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Luiza Costa Barreto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ayres Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Marchetta A, Papale M, Rappazzo AC, Rizzo C, Camacho A, Rochera C, Azzaro M, Urzì C, Lo Giudice A, De Leo F. A Deep Insight into the Diversity of Microfungal Communities in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1095. [PMID: 37998900 PMCID: PMC10672340 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity in water and sediment samples obtained from five Arctic lakes in Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard Islands, High Arctic) and five Antarctic lakes on Livingston and Deception Islands (South Shetland Islands), using DNA metabarcoding. A total of 1,639,074 fungal DNA reads were detected and assigned to 5980 ASVs amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with only 102 (1.7%) that were shared between the two Polar regions. For Arctic lakes, unknown fungal taxa dominated the sequence assemblages, suggesting the dominance of possibly undescribed fungi. The phylum Chytridiomycota was the most represented in the majority of Arctic and Antarctic samples, followed by Rozellomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and the less frequent Monoblepharomycota, Aphelidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, and Neocallimastigomycota. At the genus level, the most abundant genera included psychrotolerant and cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi including Alternaria, Cladosporium, Cadophora, Ulvella (Ascomycota), Leucosporidium, Vishniacozyma (Basidiomycota), and Betamyces (Chytridiomycota). The assemblages displayed high diversity and richness. The assigned diversity was composed mainly of taxa recognized as saprophytic fungi, followed by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Marchetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Papale
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Biology, Sicily Marine Centre, Department Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Camacho
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos Rochera
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, C/Catédratico José Beltrán, 2, E46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Clara Urzì
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy (A.L.G.)
| | - Filomena De Leo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Georgieva ML, Bilanenko EN, Ponizovskaya VB, Kokaeva LY, Georgiev AA, Efimenko TA, Markelova NN, Kuvarina AE, Sadykova VS. Haloalkalitolerant Fungi from Sediments of the Big Tambukan Saline Lake (Northern Caucasus): Diversity and Antimicrobial Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2587. [PMID: 37894245 PMCID: PMC10609068 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed a characterization of cultivated haloalkalitolerant fungi from the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake in order to assess their biodiversity and antimicrobial activity. This saline, slightly alkaline lake is known as a source of therapeutic sulfide mud used in sanatoria of the Caucasian Mineral Waters, Russia. Though data on bacteria and algae observed in this lake are available in the literature, data on fungi adapted to the conditions of the lake are lacking. The diversity of haloalkalitolerant fungi was low and represented by ascomycetes of the genera Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chordomyces, Emericellopsis, Fusarium, Gibellulopsis, Myriodontium, Penicillium, and Pseudeurotium. Most of the fungi were characterized by moderate alkaline resistance, and they tolerated NaCl concentrations up to 10% w/v. The analysis of the antimicrobial activity of fungi showed that 87.5% of all strains were active against Bacillus subtilis, and 39.6% were also determined to be effective against Escherichia coli. The majority of the strains were also active against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, about 66.7% and 62.5%, respectively. These studies indicate, for the first time, the presence of polyextremotolerant fungi in the sediments of Big Tambukan Lake, which probably reflects their involvement in the formation of therapeutic muds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina L. Georgieva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Elena N. Bilanenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Valeria B. Ponizovskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Lyudmila Y. Kokaeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
- Faculty of Soil Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A. Georgiev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (E.N.B.); (V.B.P.); (L.Y.K.); (A.A.G.)
| | - Tatiana A. Efimenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Natalia N. Markelova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Anastasia E. Kuvarina
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
| | - Vera S. Sadykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, St. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (T.A.E.); (N.N.M.); (A.E.K.)
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Nikitin DA. Ecological Characteristics of Antarctic Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 508:32-54. [PMID: 37186046 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high responsiveness of polar ecosystems to the global climate change, the research of Antarctic microorganisms has become a topical issue. The unique ecosystems that have developed under the severe climate conditions of the continent lack flowering plants but are dominated by soil mycobiota. In addition to performing their classical ecological functions, Antarctic fungi form the basis of local communities, e.g., endoliths and microbial mats. Furthermore, Antarctic fungi are a major force that mediates transformation of rock minerals in situ and makes biologically significant elements available for other organisms. For these reasons, mycobiota plays a central role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium in Antarctica. The dominant fungal division on the continent is Ascomycota (77.1%), and not Basidiomycota (9.1%), as it is the case on other continents. For a number of reasons, yeasts and yeast-like micromycetes (mainly basidiomycetes) are more tolerant to extreme conditions in various Antarctic biotopes than filamentous fungi. Substantial evidence suggests that filamentous fungi and yeasts are better adapted to existence in ecosystems with extremely low temperatures than other microorganisms. Due to the long-term isolation of Antarctica from other continents, local biota has been evolving largely independently, which led to emergence of multiple endemic fungal taxa. The presence of eurytopes on the continent is presumably related to the global warming and growing anthropogenic pressure. This review discusses the current state of research on the structure of fungal communities of Antarctic subaerial and subaquatic biotopes, the ecological role of yeast-mycelial dimorphism in Antarctic fungi, the problem of endemism of Antarctic mycobiota, as well as the ecological and physiological adaptations of fungi to low temperatures; it also justifies the relevance of research into secondary metabolites of psychrophilic micromycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Nikitin
- Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
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Rosa LH, Ogaki MB, Lirio JM, Vieira R, Coria SH, Pinto OHB, Carvalho-Silva M, Convey P, Rosa CA, Câmara PEAS. Fungal diversity in a sediment core from climate change impacted Boeckella Lake, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula assessed using metabarcoding. Extremophiles 2022; 26:16. [PMID: 35499659 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the fungal DNA present in a lake sediment core obtained from Trinity Peninsula, Hope Bay, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, using metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Sequences obtained were assigned to 146 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) primarily representing unknown fungi, followed by the phyla Ascomycota, Rozellomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Mortierellomycota. The most abundant taxa were assigned to Fungal sp., Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, Rozellomycota sp. 1, Pseudeurotiaceae sp. 1 and Chytridiomycota sp. 1. The majority of the DNA reads, representing 40 ASVs, could only be assigned at higher taxonomic levels and may represent taxa not currently included in the sequence databases consulted and/or be previously undescribed fungi. Different sections of the core were characterized by high sequence diversity, richness and moderate ecological dominance indices. The assigned diversity was dominated by cosmopolitan cold-adapted fungi, including known saprotrophic, plant and animal pathogenic and symbiotic taxa. Despite the overall dominance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota and psychrophilic Mortierellomycota, members of the cryptic phyla Rozellomycota and Chytridiomycota were also detected in abundance. As Boeckella Lake may cease to exist in approaching decades due the effects of local climatic changes, it also an important location for the study of the impacts of these changes on Antarctic microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Baptistucci Ogaki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, PO Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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Tanney JB, Quijada L. Comments on the occurrence of yeast-like morphologies in Leotiomycetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34818146 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joey B Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Luis Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology & The Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 20 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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7
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Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Galán A, Torres-Díaz C, Atala C, Molina-Montenegro MA. Fungal Symbionts Enhance N-Uptake for Antarctic Plants Even in Non-N Limited Soils. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575563. [PMID: 33193189 PMCID: PMC7645117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-fungi interactions have been identified as fundamental drivers of the plant host performance, particularly in cold environments where organic matter degradation rates are slow, precisely for the capacity of the fungal symbiont to enhance the availability of labile nitrogen (N) in the plant rhizosphere. Nevertheless, these positive effects appear to be modulated by the composition and amount of the N pool in the soil, being greater when plant hosts are growing where N is scarce as is the case of Antarctic soils. Nevertheless, in some coastal areas of this continent, seabirds and marine mammal colonies exert, through their accumulated feces and urine a strong influence on the edaphic N content surrounding their aggregation points. To evaluate if the fungal symbionts (root endophytes), associated to the only two Antarctic vascular plants Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, act as N-uptake enhancers, even in such N-rich conditions as those found around animal influence, we assessed, under controlled conditions, the process of N mineralization in soil by the accumulation of NH4 + in the rizhosphere and the biomass accumulation of plants with (E+) and without (E-) fungal symbionts. Complementarily, taking advantage of the isotopic N-fractionation that root-fungal symbionts exert on organic N molecules during its acquisition process, we also determined if endophytes actively participate in the Antarctic plants N-uptake, when inorganic N is not a limiting factor, by estimating the δ15N isotopic signatures in leaves. Overall, symbiotic interaction increased the availability of NH4 + in the rhizosphere of both species. As expected, the enhanced availability of inorganic N resulted in a higher final biomass in E + compared with E- plants of both species. In addition, we found that the positive role of fungal symbionts was also actively linked to the process of N-uptake in both species, evidenced by the contrasting δ15N signatures present in E+ (-0.4 to -2.3‰) relative to E- plants (2.7-3.1‰). In conclusion, despite being grown under rich N soils, the two Antarctic vascular plants showed that the presence of root-fungal endophytes, furthermore enhanced the availability of inorganic N sources in the rhizosphere, has a positive impact in their biomass, remarking the active participation of these endophytes in the N-uptake process for plants inhabiting the Antarctic continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S. Acuña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Alexander Galán
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Departamento de Obras Civiles, Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro Regional de Estudios Ambientales (CREA), Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Ecología Funcional de Plantas (AEF), Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Marco A. Molina-Montenegro
- Laboratorio de Biología Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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Oses-Pedraza R, Torres-Díaz C, Lavín P, Retamales-Molina P, Atala C, Gallardo-Cerda J, Acuña-Rodríguez IS, Molina-Montenegro MA. Root endophytic Penicillium promotes growth of Antarctic vascular plants by enhancing nitrogen mineralization. Extremophiles 2020; 24:721-732. [PMID: 32699913 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01189-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Fungal endophyte associations have been suggested as a possible strategy of Antarctic vascular plants for surviving the extreme environmental conditions of Antarctica. However, the mechanisms by which this occurs are still poorly understood. The role of root fungal endophytes in nitrogen mineralization and nutrient uptake, as well as their impact on the performance of Antarctic plants, were studied. We tested root endophytes, isolated from Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, for lignocellulolytic enzyme production, nitrogen mineralization, and growth enhancement of their host plants. Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium brevicompactum were identified using a molecular approach as the main root endophytes inhabiting C. quitensis and D. antarctica, respectively. Both root endophytes were characterized as psychrophilic fungi displaying amylase, esterase, protease, cellulase, hemicellulase, phosphatase and urease enzymatic activities, mainly at 4 °C. Moreover, the rates and percentages of nitrogen mineralization, as well as the final total biomass, were significantly higher in symbiotic C. quitensis and D. antarctica individuals. Our findings suggest that root endophytes exert a pivotal ecological role based not only to breakdown different nutrient sources but also on accelerating nitrogen mineralization, improving nutrient acquisition, and therefore promoting plant growth in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rómulo Oses-Pedraza
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado (VRIP), Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Universidad de Atacama (UDA), Avenida Copayapu N° 485, Copiapó, Chile. .,Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo N°1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - Cristian Torres-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad (LGB), Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Paris Lavín
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Departamento de Biotecnología; Laboratorio de Complejidad Microbiana y Ecología Funcional, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Patricio Retamales-Molina
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales (UDP), República # 239, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Atala
- Laboratorio de Anatomía y Ecología Funcional de Plantas (AEF), Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Campus Curauma, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Gallardo-Cerda
- Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Ian S Acuña-Rodríguez
- Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile
| | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo N°1281, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro de Ecología Molecular y Aplicaciones Evolutivas en Agroecosistemas (CEM), Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Avda. Lircay s/n, Talca, Chile.,Research Program "Adaptation of Agriculture To Climate Change" PIEI A2C2, Universidad de Talca, Región del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
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Vlasov DY, Kirtsideli IY, Abakumov EV, Novozhilov YK, Zelenskaya MS, Barantsevich EP. Anthropogenic Invasion of Micromycetes to Undisturbed Ecosystems of the Larsemann Hills Oasis (East Antarctica). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2075111720030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Sannino C, Borruso L, Mezzasoma A, Battistel D, Zucconi L, Selbmann L, Azzaro M, Onofri S, Turchetti B, Buzzini P, Guglielmin M. Intra- and inter-cores fungal diversity suggests interconnection of different habitats in an Antarctic frozen lake (Boulder Clay, Northern Victoria Land). Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3463-3477. [PMID: 32510727 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A perennially frozen lake at Boulder Clay site (Victoria Land, Antarctica), characterized by the presence of frost mounds, have been selected as an in situ model for ecological studies. Different samples of permafrost, glacier ice and brines have been studied as a unique habitat system. An additional sample of brines (collected in another frozen lake close to the previous one) was also considered. Alpha- and beta-diversity of fungal communities showed both intra- and inter-cores significant (p < 0.05) differences, which suggest the presence of interconnection among the habitats. Therefore, the layers of frost mound and the deep glacier could be interconnected while the brines could probably be considered as an open habitat system not interconnected with each other. Moreover, the absence of similarity between the lake ice and the underlying permafrost suggested that the lake is perennially frozen based. The predominance of positive significant (p < 0.05) co-occurrences among some fungal taxa allowed to postulate the existence of an ecological equilibrium in the habitats systems. The positive significant (p < 0.05) correlation between salt concentration, total organic carbon and pH, and some fungal taxa suggests that a few abiotic parameters could drive fungal diversity inside these ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Sannino
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ambra Mezzasoma
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Dario Battistel
- Department of Environmental Science, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari, Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Selbmann
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.,Italian Antarctic National Museum (MNA), Mycological Section, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Azzaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvano Onofri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Benedetta Turchetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno 74, Perugia, 06121, Italy
| | - Mauro Guglielmin
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
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11
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Ogaki MB, Vieira R, Muniz MC, Zani CL, Alves TMA, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Barbosa EC, Oliveira JG, Ceravolo IP, Pereira PO, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Diversity, ecology, and bioprospecting of culturable fungi in lakes impacted by anthropogenic activities in Maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2020; 24:637-655. [PMID: 32533308 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we accessed culturable fungal assemblages present in the sediments of three lakes potentially impacted anthropogenically in the Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica and identified 63 taxa. Cladosporium sp. 2, Pseudeurotium hygrophilum, and Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus were recovered from the sampled sediments of all lakes. High concentrations of metals and the lowest fungal diversity indices were detected in the sediments of the Central Lake, which can be influenced by human activities due to their proximity to research stations to those of the other two lakes, which were far from the Antarctic stations. At least one type of biological activity was demonstrated by 40 fungal extracts. Among these, P. hygrophilum, P. verrucosus, Penicillium glabrum, and Penicillium solitum demonstrated strong trypanocidal, herbicidal, and antifungal activities. Our results suggest that an increase of the anthropogenic activities in the region might have affected the microbial diversity and composition. In addition, the fungal diversity in these lakes may be a useful model to study the effect of anthropogenic activities in Antarctica. We isolated a diverse group of fungal taxa from Antarctic lake sediments, which have the potential to produce novel compounds for the both the medical and agriculture sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara B Ogaki
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Marcelo C Muniz
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Carlos L Zani
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Tânia M A Alves
- Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
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Shukla SP, Kvíderová J, Adamec L, Elster J. Ecophysiological Features of Polar Soil Unicellular Microalgae 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:481-495. [PMID: 31833070 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ecological, physiological, and molecular adaptations to low and varying temperatures, as well as varying seasonal irradiances, polar non-marine eukaryotic microalgae could be suitable for low-temperature biotechnology. Adaptations include the synthesis of compounds from different metabolic pathways that protect them against stress. Production of biological compounds and various biotechnological applications, for instance, water treatment technology, are of interest to humans. To select prospective strains for future low-temperature biotechnology in polar regions, temperature and irradiance of growth requirements (Q10 and Ea of 10 polar soil unicellular strains) were evaluated. In terms of temperature, three groups of strains were recognized: (i) cold-preferring where temperature optima ranged between 10.1 and 18.4°C, growth rate 0.252 and 0.344 · d-1 , (ii) cold- and warm-tolerating with optima above 10°C and growth rate 0.162-0.341 · d-1 , and (iii) warm-preferring temperatures above 20°C and growth rate 0.249-0.357 · d-1 . Their light requirements were low. Mean values Q10 for specific growth rate ranged from 0.7 to 3.1. The lowest Ea values were observed on cold-preferring and the highest in the warm-preferring strains. One strain from each temperature group was selected for PN and RD measurements. The PN :RD ratio of the warm-preferring strains was less affected by temperature similarly as Q10 and Ea. For future biotechnological applications, the strains with broad temperature tolerance (i.e., the group of cold- and warm-tolerating and warm-preferring strains) will be most useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya P Shukla
- Central Institute of Fisheries and Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Panch Marg, Off. Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (west), Mumbai, 400 061, India
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kvíderová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté Stoce 3, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Adamec
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Elster
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
- Centre for Polar Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Na Zlaté Stoce 3, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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13
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Antipova TV, Zhelifonova VP, Baskunov BP, Kochkina GA, Ozerskaya SM, Kozlovskii AG. Exometabolites the Penicillium Fungi Isolated from Various High-Latitude Ecosystems. Microbiology (Reading) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626171805003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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15
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Baeza M, Barahona S, Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V. Amplicon-Metagenomic Analysis of Fungi from Antarctic Terrestrial Habitats. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2235. [PMID: 29184546 PMCID: PMC5694453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In cold environments such as polar regions, microorganisms play important ecological roles, and most of our knowledge about them comes from studies of cultivable microorganisms. Metagenomic technologies are powerful tools that can give a more comprehensive assessment of microbial communities, and the amplification of rDNA followed by next-generation sequencing has given good results in studies aimed particularly at environmental microorganisms. Culture-independent studies of microbiota in terrestrial habitats of Antarctica, which is considered the driest, coldest climate on Earth, are increasing and indicate that micro-diversity is much higher than previously thought. In this work, the microbial diversity of terrestrial habitats including eight islands of the South Shetland Archipelago, two islands on the Antarctic Peninsula and Union Glacier, was studied by amplicon-metagenome analysis. Molecular analysis of the studied localities clustered together the islands of the South Shetland Archipelago, except Greenwich Island, and separated them from the Litchfield and Lagotellerie islands and Union Glacier, which is in agreement with the latitudinal difference among them. Among fungi, 87 genera and 123 species were found, of which species belonging to 37 fungal genera not previously cultivated from Antarctica were detected. Phylogenetic analysis, including the closest BLAST-hit sequences, clustered fungi in 11 classes being the most represented Lecanoromycetes and Eurotiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Baeza
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Hodač L, Hallmann C, Spitzer K, Elster J, Faßhauer F, Brinkmann N, Lepka D, Diwan V, Friedl T. Widespread green algae Chlorella and Stichococcus exhibit polar-temperate and tropical-temperate biogeography. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw122. [PMID: 27279416 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorella and Stichococcus are morphologically simple airborne microalgae, omnipresent in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The minute cell size and resistance against environmental stress facilitate their long-distance dispersal. However, the actual distribution of Chlorella- and Stichococcus-like species has so far been inferred only from ambiguous morphology-based evidence. Here we contribute a phylogenetic analysis of an expanded SSU and ITS2 rDNA sequence dataset representing Chlorella- and Stichococcus-like species from terrestrial habitats of polar, temperate and tropical regions. We aim to uncover biogeographical patterns at low taxonomic levels. We found that psychrotolerant strains of Chlorella and Stichococcus are closely related with strains originating from the temperate zone. Species closely related to Chlorella vulgaris and Muriella terrestris, and recovered from extreme terrestrial environments of polar regions and hot deserts, are particularly widespread. Stichococcus strains from the temperate zone, with their closest relatives in the tropics, differ from strains with the closest relatives being from the polar regions. Our data suggest that terrestrial Chlorella and Stichococcus might be capable of intercontinental dispersal; however, their actual distributions exhibit biogeographical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Hodač
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants (with Herbarium), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christine Hallmann
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karolin Spitzer
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Josef Elster
- Centre for Polar Ecology, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic Institute of Botany, Phycology Centrum, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 37982 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Fabian Faßhauer
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Brinkmann
- Department of Forest Botany, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Lepka
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Diwan
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Friedl
- Experimental Phycology and Culture Collection of Algae (SAG), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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