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In Vitro Prevention of Browning in Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) cv. Sulaiman. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijpb13030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to standardize the media and the anti-browning regime in order to minimize the phenolic browning of an in vitro culture of Persian walnut cv. Sulaiman. The experiments involved two types of explants, forced and unforced shoot tips, two types of media, Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) medium andMurashige and Skooģs (MS) medium, and three types of anti-browning agents, namely, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, ascorbic acid and activated charcoal at 150, 350 and 550 mg/L each. The investigation was replicated thrice under a completely randomized design. Forced shoot tips of cv. Sulaiman on DKW medium showed the best performance in terms of least browning (13.6 ± 10.5%) and highest survival percentage of explants (74.5 ± 2.4%) when treated with ascorbic acid at 550 mg/L. However, unforced shoot tips in MS medium did not perform well and manifested maximum browning (52.9 ± 5.2%). Based on the results, we conclude that incorporation of ascorbic acid in the DKW medium significantly reduced the media and explant browning, thus, it could set the basis of successful in vitro-propagation of walnuts.
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Cai X, Wei H, Liu C, Ren X, Thi LT, Jeong BR. Synergistic Effect of NaCl Pretreatment and PVP on Browning Suppression and Callus Induction from Petal Explants of Paeonia Lactiflora Pall. 'Festival Maxima'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E346. [PMID: 32182923 PMCID: PMC7154888 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Browning is prevalent in tissue cultures of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (herbaceous peony), and severely affects and restricts the growth and differentiation of the explants. In this study, dipping excised explants in a sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as a pretreatment, adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to the culture medium, storing planted explants at 4 °C for 24 h, and transferring planted explants to a new medium after 24 h were considered as browning-suppression methods in tissue cultures of herbaceous peony 'Festival Maxima'. The treated petal explants were cultured in a culture room with a 16-hour photoperiod, 25 °C temperature, and 80% relative humidity in darkness for 4 to 8 weeks. The results demonstrated that dipping excised explants in a 0.5 g·L-1 NaCl solution, adding 0.5 g·L-1 PVP to the medium, storing planted explants at 4 °C for 24 h, and transferring planted explants to the same fresh medium after 24 h could effectively inhibit browning. Adding PVP to the medium led to the greatest browning suppression percentage of 95%. Storing planted explants at 4 °C for 24 h reduced the effectiveness of other treatments in suppressing browning. After 8 weeks, dipping excised explants in a NaCl solution resulted in the highest callus induction percentage of 75%, while storing explants at 4 °C for 24 h suppressed callus formation. It was observed in all treatments that decreases in browning was accompanied with higher levels of phenols and lower activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO). Overall, the results suggest that dipping in a NaCl solution was effective in alleviating the browning issues of herbaceous peony tissue cultures, and had positive synergistic effects with PVP on browning suppression and callus induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Cai
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Wei
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.W.); (C.L.); (X.R.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Chen Liu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.W.); (C.L.); (X.R.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Xiuxia Ren
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.W.); (C.L.); (X.R.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Luc The Thi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus Program), Graduate School, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.W.); (C.L.); (X.R.); (L.T.T.)
| | - Byoung Ryong Jeong
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, Hubei, China
- Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Li F, Yan H, Li W, Zhao J, Ming J. A Comparative Study of the Effects of Ultrafiltration Membranes and Storage on Phytochemical and Color Properties of Mulberry Juice. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3565-3572. [PMID: 31750950 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of both the clarification by ultrafiltration membranes with 100 or 18 kDa molar weight cut-off (MWCO) and subsequent storage on phenolic properties and color of mulberry juice (MJ). Results showed that clarification by the ultrafiltration membrane with 100 kDa MWCO elevated levels of total polyphenols (↑11.4%), total monomeric anthocyanins (↑87.7%), phenolic acids and flavonoids (↑10-64%), thus leading to enhanced antioxidant activity (↑twofolds) and α-glucosidase inhibitory rate (↑23.3%), as well as redness (↑37.9%), which were sharply decreased in the clarified MJ by the ultrafiltration membrane with 18 kDa MWCO. MJ pretreated by the membrane with 100 kDa MWCO exhibited better storage stability than the other two juices. Hence, the ultrafiltration membrane with 100 kDa MWCO has great potential in juice clarification for purpose of enrichment of phenolic compounds, and enhancement of bioactive activities and storage stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Mulberry juice has many health benefits related to phenolic compounds. Clarification is necessary to obtain a bright, clear juice and improves juice taste, thus making a favorable first impression on consumer. Ultrafiltration membrane with 100 kDa MWCO is recommended in mulberry juice processing, since it helps to enrich phenolic compounds, and enhance bioactive activities and sensory quality of mulberry juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Li
- Authors Fuhua Li, Huiming Yan, Weizhou Li, Jichun Zhao, and Jian Ming are from College of Food Science, Southwest Univ., Chongqing, 400715, China.,Author Fuhua Li is from School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Univ. of Technology, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Huiming Yan
- Authors Fuhua Li, Huiming Yan, Weizhou Li, Jichun Zhao, and Jian Ming are from College of Food Science, Southwest Univ., Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weizhou Li
- Authors Fuhua Li, Huiming Yan, Weizhou Li, Jichun Zhao, and Jian Ming are from College of Food Science, Southwest Univ., Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jichun Zhao
- Authors Fuhua Li, Huiming Yan, Weizhou Li, Jichun Zhao, and Jian Ming are from College of Food Science, Southwest Univ., Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jian Ming
- Authors Fuhua Li, Huiming Yan, Weizhou Li, Jichun Zhao, and Jian Ming are from College of Food Science, Southwest Univ., Chongqing, 400715, China
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Recombinant polyphenol oxidases for production of theaflavins from tea polyphenols. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:139-145. [PMID: 31022487 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs) have attracted much attention due to their various bioactivities in black tea. This paper describes the first trial for enzymatic production of TFs by recombinant polyphenol oxidases (PPOs). PPO genes were cloned from nine species and expressed in E. coli. Crude enzyme assays by LC-MS revealed that eight recombinant PPOs were active for TFs production from tea polyphenols as substrates. Much higher activities were observed for crude enzymes of Md2 from Malus domestica (apple), Pp4 from Pyrus pashia (pear), and Ej2 from Eriobotrya japonica (loquat). When immobilized on mesoporous silica, crude Md2 was most active. The purified Md2 was immobilized and showed almost twice activity as high as its free enzyme. While the maximum activity of free enzyme was found at pH 5 and 10-30 °C, the immobilized enzyme had broader range of pH 4-6 and 10-40 °C. The activity of immobilized enzyme was relatively constant during the pH and thermal stability test. When used at 0.2 mg/ml in the beginning, the immobilized enzyme retained approximately 40% of its initial activity after 8 cycles of operation.
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Yan S, Li S, Zhai G, Lu P, Deng H, Zhu S, Huang R, Shao J, Tao Y, Zou G. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of duplicated polyphenol oxidase genes reveal their functional differentiations in sorghum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 263:23-30. [PMID: 28818380 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is believed to play a role in plant growth, reproduction, and resistance to pathogens and pests. PPO causes browning of grains in cereals. In this study, genetic mapping of sorghum grain for phenol color reaction (PHR) was performed using a recombinant inbred line population. Only one locus was detected between SSR markers SM06072 and Xtxp176 on chromosome 6. Two linked orthologous genes (Sb06PPO1 and Sb06PPO2) within the mapped region were discovered and cloned. Transformation experiments using Nipponbare (a PHR negative rice cultivar) showed that Sb06PPO1 from LTR108 and two Sb06PPO2 alleles from both varieties could complement Nipponbare, whereas Sb06PPO1 from 654 could not. Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) experiments showed that Sb06PPO1 and Sb06PPO2 functioned diversely, Sb06PPO1 was mainly expressed in young panicles before flowering. Sb06PPO2 was strongly expressed in flowering panicles, especially in hulls and branches at filling stage. Moreover, the expression of Sb06PPO1 was found to be significantly up-regulated by exogenous ABA and salt, whereas Sb06PPO2 was not changed significantly, further demonstrating functional differentiation between the two genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yan
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China; Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China.
| | - Sujuan Li
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Guowei Zhai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Shan Zhu
- Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China.
| | - Renliang Huang
- Rice National Engineering Laboratory, Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China.
| | - Jianfeng Shao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yuezhi Tao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Guihua Zou
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China.
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Quarta A, Mita G, Durante M, Arlorio M, De Paolis A. Isolation of a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) cDNA from artichoke and expression analysis in wounded artichoke heads. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 68:52-60. [PMID: 23628925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme, which can catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones, has been reported to be involved in undesirable browning in many plant foods. This phenomenon is particularly severe in artichoke heads wounded during the manufacturing process. A full-length cDNA encoding for a putative polyphenol oxidase (designated as CsPPO) along with a 1432 bp sequence upstream of the starting ATG codon was characterized for the first time from [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori]. The 1764 bp CsPPO sequence encodes a putative protein of 587 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 65,327 Da and an isoelectric point of 5.50. Analysis of the promoter region revealed the presence of cis-acting elements, some of which are putatively involved in the response to light and wounds. Expression analysis of the gene in wounded capitula indicated that CsPPO was significantly induced after 48 h, even though the browning process had started earlier. This suggests that the early browning event observed in artichoke heads was not directly related to de novo mRNA synthesis. Finally, we provide the complete gene sequence encoding for polyphenol oxidase and the upstream regulative region in artichoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Quarta
- Istituto di Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Unità di Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Lee JJ, Park KW, Kwak YS, Ahn JY, Jung YH, Lee BH, Jeong JC, Lee HS, Kwak SS. Comparative proteomic study between tuberous roots of light orange- and purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 193-194:120-129. [PMID: 22794925 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study compares the differences in proteomes expressed in tuberous roots of a light orange-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cultivar Yulmi) and a purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (Shinjami). More than 370 protein spots were reproducibly detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which 35 spots were up-regulated (Yulmi vs. Shinjami) or uniquely expressed (only Yulmi or Shinjami) in either of the two cultivars. Of these 35 protein spots, 23 were expressed in Yulmi and 12 were expressed in Shinjami. These protein spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Fifteen proteins in Yulmi and eight proteins in Shinjami were identified from the up-regulated (Yulmi vs. Shinjami) or uniquely expressed (only Yulmi or Shinjami) proteins, respectively. In Yulmi, α-amylase and isomerase precursor-like protein were uniquely expressed or up-regulated and activities of α-amylase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were higher than in Shinjami. In Shinjami, peroxidase precursor and aldo-keto reductase were uniquely expressed or up-regulated and peroxidase and aldo-keto reductase activities were higher than in Yulmi. PSG-RGH7 uniquely expressed only in Shinjami and the cultivar was evaluated more resistant than Yulmi against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofold and White, 1919) Chitwood 1949 on the basis of shoot and root growth. Egg mass formation was 14.9-fold less in Shinjami than in Yulmi. These results provide important clues that can provide a foundation for sweetpotato proteomics and lead to the characterization of the physiological function of differentially expressed proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Joo Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Woong Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sig Kwak
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Ahn
- Department of Applied Biology, IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hak Jung
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), IALS, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-751, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng-Soon Lee
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Kwak
- Environmental Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea.
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