1
|
Hong H, Schulze KV, Copeland IE, Atyam M, Kamp K, Hanchard NA, Belmont J, Ringel-Kulka T, Heitkemper M, Shulman RJ. Genetic Variants in Carbohydrate Digestive Enzyme and Transport Genes Associated with Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.20.23295800. [PMID: 37790351 PMCID: PMC10543038 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.23295800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain and alterations in bowel pattern, such as constipation (IBS-C), diarrhea (IBS-D), or mixed (IBS-M). Since malabsorption of ingested carbohydrates (CHO) can cause abdominal symptoms that closely mimic those of IBS, identifying genetic mutations in CHO digestive enzymes associated with IBS symptoms is critical to ascertain IBS pathophysiology. Through candidate gene association studies, we identify several common variants in TREH, SI, SLC5A1 and SLC2A5 that are associated with IBS symptoms. By investigating rare recessive Mendelian or oligogenic inheritance patterns, we identify case-exclusive rare deleterious variation in known disease genes (SI, LCT, ALDOB, and SLC5A1) as well as candidate disease genes (MGAM and SLC5A2), providing potential evidence of monogenic or oligogenic inheritance in a subset of IBS cases. Finally, our data highlight that moderate to severe IBS-associated gastrointestinal symptoms are often observed in IBS cases carrying one or more of deleterious rare variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejeong Hong
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing
| | | | - Ian E. Copeland
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Manasa Atyam
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Kendra Kamp
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing
| | - Neil A. Hanchard
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - John Belmont
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Tamar Ringel-Kulka
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health
| | - Margaret Heitkemper
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Informatics, University of Washington School of Nursing
| | - Robert J. Shulman
- Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brun A, Mendez-Aranda D, Magallanes ME, Karasov WH, Martínez Del Rio C, Baldwin MW, Caviedes-Vidal E. Duplications and Functional Convergence of Intestinal Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 37:1657-1666. [PMID: 32061124 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate diets and digestive physiologies vary tremendously. Although the contribution of ecological and behavioral features to such diversity is well documented, the roles and identities of individual intestinal enzymes shaping digestive traits remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that the sucrase-isomaltase (SI)/maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) dual enzyme system long assumed to be the conserved disaccharide and starch digestion framework in all vertebrates is absent in many lineages. Our analyses indicate that independent duplications of an ancestral SI gave rise to the mammalian-specific MGAM, as well as to other duplicates in fish and birds. Strikingly, the duplicated avian enzyme exhibits similar activities to MGAM, revealing an unexpected case of functional convergence. Our results highlight digestive enzyme variation as a key uncharacterized component of dietary diversity in vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Brun
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | | | - Melisa E Magallanes
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - William H Karasov
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Enrique Caviedes-Vidal
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bagri P, Chester K, Khan W, Ahmad S. Aspects of extraction and biological evaluation of naturally occurring sugar-mimicking sulfonium-ion and their synthetic analogues as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia: a review. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the selective inhibitory activities of sulfonium compounds ofSalaciaagainst intestinal α-glucosidases, structural features important for effective inhibition and the toggling approach for controlling starch digestion and glucose release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bagri
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | | | - Washim Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
- Jamia Hamdard
- New Delhi
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chaudet MM, Rose DR. Divergent evolution for diverse substrate recognition by family 31 glycoside hydrolases. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:323-30. [PMID: 27459002 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates make up an important component of our diet, contributing a significant portion to our total caloric intake. The ability to harvest these molecules for energy is reliant on the activity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Family 31 α-glucosidases are a group of glycoside hydrolases that has been shown to play a key role in the metabolic process of hydrolyzing dietary starch into monomers of glucose. The purpose of the research presented here is to explore evolutionary changes that occurred within this family of glycoside hydrolases, and to relate these divergences to observed structural differences in relation to predicted substrate preferences. Here we report specific single amino acid changes that are believed to have arisen through evolution, and are directly related to the ability of these enzymes to bind different starch-based glycans. Through phylogenetic analysis we observed a number of evolutionary adaptions that we believe resulted in duplicated genes that allow for the efficient utilization of dietary starch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Chaudet
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D R Rose
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.,University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohan S, Eskandari R, Pinto BM. Naturally occurring sulfonium-ion glucosidase inhibitors and their derivatives: a promising class of potential antidiabetic agents. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:211-25. [PMID: 23964564 DOI: 10.1021/ar400132g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In humans, four different enzymes mediate the digestion of ingested carbohydrates. First salivary and pancreatic α-amylases, the two endoacting retaining glucosidases, break down the complex starch molecules into smaller linear maltose-oligomers (LM) and branched α-limit dextrins (αLDx). Then two retaining exoglucosidases, maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI), convert those molecules into glucose in the small intestine. The small intestinal brush-border epithelial cells anchor MGAM and SI, and each contains a catalytic N- and C-terminal subunit, ntMGAM, ctMGAM, ntSI, and ctSI, respectively. All four catalytic domains have, to varying extents, α-1,4-exohydrolytic glucosidase activity and belong to the glycoside hydrolase family 31 (GH31). ntSI and ctSI show additional activity toward α-1,6 (isomaltose substrates) and α-1,2 (sucrose) glycosidic linkages, respectively. Because they mediate the final steps of starch digestion, both MGAM and SI are important target enzymes for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Because of their potent inhibitory activities against the mammalian intestinal α-glucosidases, sulfonium-ion glucosidase inhibitors isolated from the antidiabetic herbal extracts of various Salacia species have received considerable attention recently. Thus far, researchers have isolated eight sulfonium-ion glucosidase inhibitors from Salacia species: salaprinol, salacinol, ponkoranol, kotalanol, and four of their corresponding de-O-sulfonated compounds, the structures of which comprise a 1,4-anhydro-4-thio-d-arabinitol and a polyhydroxylated acyclic side chain. Some of these compounds more strongly inhibit human intestinal α-glucosidases than the currently available antidiabetic drugs, acarbose and miglitol, and could serve as lead candidates in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. In this Account, we summarize progress in the field since 2010 with this class of inhibitors, with particular focus on their selective inhibitory activities against the intestinal glucosidases. Through structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, we have modified the natural compounds to derive more potent, nanomolar inhibitors of human MGAM and SI. This structural optimization also yielded the most potent inhibitors known to date for each subunit. Furthermore, we observed that some of our synthetic inhibitors selectively blocked the activity of some mucosal α-glucosidases. Those results led to our current working hypothesis that selective inhibitors can dampen the action of a fast digesting subunit or subunits which places the burden of digestion on slower digesting subunits. That strategy can control the rate of starch digestion and glucose release to the body. Decreasing the initial glucose spike after a carbohydrate-rich meal and extending postprandial blood glucose delivery to the body can be desirable for diabetics and patients with other metabolic syndrome-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Mohan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Razieh Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - B. Mario Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Eskandari R, Jones K, Ravinder Reddy K, Jayakanthan K, Chaudet M, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Probing the Intestinal α-Glucosidase Enzyme Specificities of Starch-Digesting Maltase-Glucoamylase and Sucrase-Isomaltase: Synthesis and Inhibitory Properties of 3′- and 5′-Maltose-Extended De-O-sulfonated Ponkoranol. Chemistry 2011; 17:14817-25. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
8
|
Eskandari R, Jones K, Rose DR, Pinto BM. Selectivity of 3′-O-methylponkoranol for inhibition of N- and C-terminal maltase glucoamylase and sucrase isomaltase, potential therapeutics for digestive disorders or their sequelae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6491-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Naumoff DG. Hierarchical classification of glycoside hydrolases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:622-35. [PMID: 21639842 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with structural and functional features of glycoside hydrolases, a widespread group of enzymes present in almost all living organisms. Their catalytic domains are grouped into 120 amino acid sequence-based families in the international classification of the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy database). At a higher hierarchical level some of these families are combined in 14 clans. Enzymes of the same clan have common evolutionary origin of their genes and share the most important functional characteristics such as composition of the active center, anomeric configuration of cleaved glycosidic bonds, and molecular mechanism of the catalyzed reaction (either inverting, or retaining). There are now extensive data in the literature concerning the relationship between glycoside hydrolase families belonging to different clans and/or included in none of them, as well as information on phylogenetic protein relationship within particular families. Summarizing these data allows us to propose a multilevel hierarchical classification of glycoside hydrolases and their homologs. It is shown that almost the whole variety of the enzyme catalytic domains can be brought into six main folds, large groups of proteins having the same three-dimensional structure and the supposed common evolutionary origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Naumoff
- S. N. Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones K, Sim L, Mohan S, Kumarasamy J, Liu H, Avery S, Naim HY, Quezada-Calvillo R, Nichols BL, Mario Pinto B, Rose DR. Mapping the intestinal alpha-glucogenic enzyme specificities of starch digesting maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3929-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
11
|
Eskandari R, Jones K, Rose DR, Pinto BM. The effect of heteroatom substitution of sulfur for selenium in glucosidase inhibitors on intestinal α-glucosidase activities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9134-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Naumoff DG, Carreras M. PSI protein classifier: A new program automating PSI-BLAST search results. Mol Biol 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893309040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|