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Verma S, Ravichandiran V, Ranjan N, Flora SJS. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Applications of Bisbenzimidazoles. Med Chem 2021; 16:454-486. [PMID: 31038072 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190416120801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are one of the most common structural motifs in approximately 80% of the marketed drugs. Of these, benzimidazoles analogues are known to elicit a wide spectrum of pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiparasitic, antiviral, antifungal as well as chemosensor effect. Based on the benzimidazole core fused heterocyclic compounds, crescent-shaped bisbenzimidazoles were developed which provided an early breakthrough in the sequence-specific DNA recognition. Over the years, a number of functional variations in the bisbenzimidazole core have led to the emergence of their unique properties and established them as versatile ligands against several classes of pathogens. The present review provides an overview of diverse pharmacological activities of the bisbenzimidazole analogues in the past decade with a brief account of its development through the years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Verma
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Vishnuvardh Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Nihar Ranjan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
| | - Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, ITI Compound, Raebareli, 229010, India
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Sergeev AV, Tevyashova AN, Vorobyov AP, Gromova ES. The Effect of Antitumor Antibiotic Olivomycin A and Its New Semi-synthetic Derivative Olivamide on the Activity of Murine DNA Methyltransferase Dnmt3a. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:62-70. [PMID: 30927527 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Olivomycin A is a highly active antitumor drug that belongs to the family of aureolic acid antibiotics. The antitumor effect of olivomycin A is related to its ability to bind to the DNA minor groove in GC-rich regions as Mg2+-coordinated complexes. Characterization of cellular targets of olivomycin A and its mechanism of action is crucial for the successful application of this antibiotic in clinical practice and development of semi-synthetic derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. Previously, we have shown that minor groove ligands are able to disrupt the key epigenetic process of DNA methylation. In this paper, we have studied the impact of olivomycin A and its improved semi-synthetic analogue N,N-dimethylaminoethylamide of 1'-des-(2,3-dihydroxy-n-butyroyl)-1'-carboxy-olivomycin A (olivamide) on the functioning of de novo DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a (enzyme that carries out methylation of cytosine residues in the DNA CG-sites in eukaryotic cells) using an in vitro system consisting of the murine Dnmt3a catalytic domain and a 30-mer DNA duplex containing four consecutive GC pairs. We have shown that olivomycin A and olivamide inhibit Dnmt3a with IC50 of 6 ± 1 and 7.1 ± 0.7 μM, respectively. Neither olivomycin A nor olivamide interfered with the formation of the specific enzyme-substrate complex; however, olivomycin A prevented formation of the covalent DNA-Dnmt3a intermediate that is necessary for the methylation reaction to proceed. The inhibitory effects of olivomycin A and olivamide can be explained by the disruption of the enzyme catalytic loop movement through the DNA minor groove (the reaction stage that precedes the covalent bond formation between DNA and the enzyme). The results of this work indicate the epigenetic contribution to the antitumor effect of aureolic acid group antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sergeev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - A N Tevyashova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, 119021, Russia.,D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russia
| | - A P Vorobyov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - E S Gromova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Koval VS, Arutyunyan AF, Salyanov VL, Klimova RR, Kushch AA, Rybalkina EY, Susova OY, Zhuze AL. DNA sequence-specific ligands. XVII. Synthesis, spectral properties, virological and biochemical studies of fluorescent dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBA(n). Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2302-2309. [PMID: 29602675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of DNA minor groove binding fluorescent dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBA(n) bearing linkers of various length were synthesized and their biochemical and antiviral activities were evaluated. Their antiviral activity was assessed in model cell systems infected with human herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Compounds DBA(1) and DBA(7) demonstrated in vitro inhibitory properties towards HSV-1, and DBA(7) completely blocked the viral infection. Compound DBA(11) displayed the in vitro therapeutic activity towards both HSV-1 and CMV. All of the DBA(n) could fluoresce, were well soluble in water, not cytotoxic to a concentration of 240 µM, penetrated well into cell nuclei by binding to DNA and could inhibit topo-I at low micromolecular concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy S Koval
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Albert F Arutyunyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Victor L Salyanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Regina R Klimova
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Alla A Kushch
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Yu Rybalkina
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, FSBI "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology", The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoye Av., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Susova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, FSBI "N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology", The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kashirskoye Av., 24, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei L Zhuze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Kostyuk SV, Kvasha MA, Khrabrova DA, Kirsanova OV, Ershova ES, Malinovskaya EM, Veiko NN, Ivanov AA, Koval VS, Zhuze AL, Tashlitsky VH, Umriukhin PE, Kutsev SI, Gromova ES. Symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n) reduce methylation of RARB and PTEN while significantly increase methylation of rRNA genes in MCF-7 cancer cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189826. [PMID: 29329300 PMCID: PMC5766121 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypermethylation is observed in the promoter regions of suppressor genes in the tumor cancer cells. Reactivation of these genes by demethylation of their promoters is a prospective strategy of the anticancer therapy. Previous experiments have shown that symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n) are able to block DNA methyltransferase activities. It was also found that DBP(n) produces a moderate effect on the activation of total gene expression in HeLa-TI population containing epigenetically repressed avian sarcoma genome. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS It is shown that DBP(n) are able to penetrate the cellular membranes and accumulate in breast carcinoma cell MCF-7, mainly in the mitochondria and in the nucleus, excluding the nucleolus. The DBP(n) are non-toxic to the cells and have a weak overall demethylation effect on genomic DNA. DBP(n) demethylate the promoter regions of the tumor suppressor genes PTEN and RARB. DBP(n) promotes expression of the genes RARB, PTEN, CDKN2A, RUNX3, Apaf-1 and APC "silent" in the MCF-7 because of the hypermethylation of their promoter regions. Simultaneously with the demethylation of the DNA in the nucleus a significant increase in the methylation level of rRNA genes in the nucleolus was detected. Increased rDNA methylation correlated with a reduction of the rRNA amount in the cells by 20-30%. It is assumed that during DNA methyltransferase activity inhibition by the DBP(n) in the nucleus, the enzyme is sequestered in the nucleolus and provides additional methylation of the rDNA that are not shielded by DBP(n). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE It is concluded that DBP (n) are able to accumulate in the nucleus (excluding the nucleolus area) and in the mitochondria of cancer cells, reducing mitochondrial potential. The DBP (n) induce the demethylation of a cancer cell's genome, including the demethylation of the promoters of tumor suppressor genes. DBP (n) significantly increase the methylation of ribosomal RNA genes in the nucleoli. Therefore the further study of these compounds is needed; it could lead to the creation of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pavel E. Umriukhin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- P.K. Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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Ivanov AA, Koval VS, Susova OY, Salyanov VI, Oleinikov VA, Stomakhin AA, Shalginskikh NA, Kvasha MA, Kirsanova OV, Gromova ES, Zhuze AL. DNA specific fluorescent symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n): the synthesis, spectral properties, and biological activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2634-8. [PMID: 25987376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of new fluorescent symmetric dimeric bisbenzimidazoles DBP(n) bearing bisbenzimidazole fragments joined by oligomethylene linkers with a central 1,4-piperazine residue were synthesized. The complex formation of DBP(n) in the DNA minor groove was demonstrated. The DBP(n) at micromolar concentrations inhibit in vitro eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I and prokaryotic DNA methyltransferase (MTase) M.SssI. The DBP(n) were soluble well in aqueous solutions and could penetrate cell and nuclear membranes and stain DNA in live cells. The DBP(n) displayed a moderate effect on the reactivation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Ivanov
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Vasiliy S Koval
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Yu Susova
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Victor I Salyanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Oleinikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey A Stomakhin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalya A Shalginskikh
- Institute of Carcinogenesis, Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Kashirskoye Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - Olga V Kirsanova
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | - Alexei L Zhuze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Bisbenzimidazole derivatives as potent inhibitors of the trypsin-like sites of the immunoproteasome core particle. Biochimie 2015; 108:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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