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Marrero D, Guimera A, Maes L, Villa R, Alvarez M, Illa X. Organ-on-a-chip with integrated semitransparent organic electrodes for barrier function monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1825-1834. [PMID: 36810654 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01097f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoC) are cell culture platforms that replicate key functional units of tissues in vitro. Barrier integrity and permeability evaluation are of utmost importance when studying barrier-forming tissues. Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool and is widely used to monitor barrier permeability and integrity in real-time. However, data comparison across devices is misleading due to the generation of a non-homogenous field across the tissue barrier, making impedance data normalization very challenging. In this work, we address this issue by integrating PEDOT:PSS electrodes for barrier function monitoring with impedance spectroscopy. The semitransparent PEDOT:PSS electrodes cover the entire cell culture membrane providing a homogenous electric field across the entire membrane making the cell culture area equally accountable to the measured impedance. To the best of our knowledge, PEDOT:PSS has never been used solely to monitor the impedance of cellular barriers while enabling optical inspection in the OoC. The performance of the device is demonstrated by lining the device with intestinal cells where we monitored barrier formation under flow conditions, as well as barrier disruption and recovery under exposure to a permeability enhancer. The barrier tightness and integrity, and the intercellular cleft have been evaluated by analyzing the full impedance spectrum. Furthermore, the device is autoclavable paving the way toward more sustainable OoC options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Marrero
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, 50018, Spain
| | - Anton Guimera
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, 50018, Spain
| | - Laure Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Ghent Gut Inflammation Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rosa Villa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, 50018, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavi Illa
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, 50018, Spain
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Knyazev E, Maltseva D, Raygorodskaya M, Shkurnikov M. HIF-Dependent NFATC1 Activation Upregulates ITGA5 and PLAUR in Intestinal Epithelium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:791640. [PMID: 34858489 PMCID: PMC8632048 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.791640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells exist in physiological hypoxia, leading to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation and supporting barrier function and cell metabolism of the intestinal epithelium. In contrast, pathological hypoxia is a common feature of some chronic disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This work was aimed at studying HIF-associated changes in the intestinal epithelium in IBD. In the first step, a list of genes responding to chemical activation of hypoxia was obtained in an in vitro intestinal cell model with RNA sequencing. Cobalt (II) chloride and oxyquinoline treatment of both undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells activate the HIF-signaling pathway according to gene set enrichment analysis. The core gene set responding to chemical hypoxia stimulation in the intestinal model included 115 upregulated and 69 downregulated genes. Of this set, protein product was detected for 32 genes, and fold changes in proteome and RNA sequencing significantly correlate. Analysis of publicly available RNA sequencing set of the intestinal epithelial cells of patients with IBD confirmed HIF-1 signaling pathway activation in sigmoid colon of patients with ulcerative colitis and terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease. Of the core gene set from the gut hypoxia model, expression activation of ITGA5 and PLAUR genes encoding integrin α5 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) was detected in IBD specimens. The interaction of these molecules can activate cell migration and regenerative processes in the epithelium. Transcription factor analysis with the previously developed miRGTF tool revealed the possible role of HIF1A and NFATC1 in the regulation of ITGA5 and PLAUR gene expression. Detected genes can serve as markers of IBD progression and intestinal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Knyazev
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana Maltseva
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Raygorodskaya
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Shkurnikov
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia.,National Center of Medical Radiological Research, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Knyazev E, Nersisyan S, Tonevitsky A. Endocytosis and Transcytosis of SARS-CoV-2 Across the Intestinal Epithelium and Other Tissue Barriers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636966. [PMID: 34557180 PMCID: PMC8452982 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2003, the world has been confronted with three new betacoronaviruses that cause human respiratory infections: SARS-CoV, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), MERS-CoV, which causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2, which causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mechanisms of coronavirus transmission and dissemination in the human body determine the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. An important problem is the possibility that viral particles overcome tissue barriers such as the intestine, respiratory tract, blood-brain barrier, and placenta. In this work, we will 1) consider the issue of endocytosis and the possibility of transcytosis and paracellular trafficking of coronaviruses across tissue barriers with an emphasis on the intestinal epithelium; 2) discuss the possibility of antibody-mediated transcytosis of opsonized viruses due to complexes of immunoglobulins with their receptors; 3) assess the possibility of the virus transfer into extracellular vesicles during intracellular transport; and 4) describe the clinical significance of these processes. Models of the intestinal epithelium and other barrier tissues for in vitro transcytosis studies will also be briefly characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Knyazev
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE), Moscow, Russia
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4
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Nikulin SV, Raigorodskaya MP, Sakharov DA. Transcriptome Analysis of Signaling Pathways in Caco-2 Cells Involved in the Formation of Intestinal Villi. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820090069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Nersisyan SA, Shkurnikov MY, Knyazev EN. Factors Involved in miRNA Processing Change Its Expression Level during Imitation of Hypoxia in BeWo b30 Cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 493:205-207. [PMID: 32894466 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the main complications of pregnancy and causes of maternal and perinatal mortality is preeclampsia. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia is associated with the development of placenta and fetal hypoxia and secretion of a number of effective molecules. The human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo b30 is often used as a model of the placental barrier. It was shown that oxyquinoline derivatives can mimic hypoxia by suppressing HIF-prolyl hydroxylases and the accumulation of HIF-1α. This effect also leads to a change in the expression of microRNAs and their target genes. However, with hypoxia in cells, not only the level of individual miRNAs but also the ratio of miRNA isoforms (isomiRs) can change, presumably due to inaccuracies in the work of the Drosha and Dicer enzymes. In this work, we showed a change in the expression of the factors involved in the maturation of miRNAs when simulating hypoxia in BeWo b30 cells with an oxyquinoline derivative, which may be one of the causes for the change in the ratio of miRNA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Nersisyan
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Shkurnikov
- Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - E N Knyazev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. .,Translational Technology Center, Moscow, Russia.
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Transport and toxicity of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in in vitro placental barrier model based on BeWo b30 cells. Russ Chem Bull 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gerasimenko T, Nikulin S, Zakharova G, Poloznikov A, Petrov V, Baranova A, Tonevitsky A. Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Performance in 3D Models of Epithelial Tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 7:474. [PMID: 32039179 PMCID: PMC6992543 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to traditional 2D cell cultures, both 3D models and organ-on-a-chip devices allow the study of the physiological responses of human cells. These models reconstruct human tissues in conditions closely resembling the body. Translation of these techniques into practice is hindered by associated labor costs, a need which may be remedied by automation. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a promising, automation-compatible label-free technology allowing to carry out a wide range of measurements both in real-time and as endpoints. IS has been applied to both the barrier cultures and the 3D constructs. Here we provide an overview of the impedance-based analysis in different setups and discuss its utility for organ-on-a-chip devices. Most attractive features of impedance-based assays are their compatibility with high-throughput format and supports for the measurements in real time with high temporal resolution, which allow tracing of the kinetics. As of now, IS-based techniques are not free of limitations, including imperfect understanding of the parameters that have their effects on the impedance, especially in 3D cell models, and relatively high cost of the consumables. Moreover, as the theory of IS stems from electromagnetic theory and is quite complex, work on popularization and explanation of the method for experimental biologists is required. It is expected that overcoming these limitations will lead to eventual establishing IS based systems as a standard for automated management of cell-based experiments in both academic and industry environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Nikulin
- Scientific Research Centre Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Microphysiological Systems, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Galina Zakharova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncoendocrinology, Endocrinology Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Poloznikov
- Laboratory of Microphysiological Systems, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Petrov
- Scientific Research Centre Bioclinicum, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Development and Research of Micro- and Nanosystems, Institute of Nanotechnologies of Microelectronics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, “Research Centre for Medical Genetics”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnologies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Microfluidic Technologies for Biomedicine, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
- art photonics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Nikulin SV, Knyazev EN, Gerasimenko TN, Shilin SA, Gazizov IN, Zakharova GS, Poloznikov AA, Sakharov DA. Impedance Spectroscopy and Transcriptome Analysis of Choriocarcinoma BeWo b30 as a Model of Human Placenta. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Sakharov D, Maltseva D, Knyazev E, Nikulin S, Poloznikov A, Shilin S, Baranova A, Tsypina I, Tonevitsky A. Towards embedding Caco-2 model of gut interface in a microfluidic device to enable multi-organ models for systems biology. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2019; 13:19. [PMID: 30836980 PMCID: PMC6399809 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-019-0686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background A cancer cell line originating from human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2 cells) serves as a high capacity model for a preclinical screening of drugs. Recent need for incorporating barrier tissue into multi-organ chips calls for inclusion of Caco-2 cells into microperfused environment. Results This article describes a series of systems biology insights obtained from comparing Caco-2 models cells grown as conventional 2D layer and in a microfluidic chip. When basic electrical parameters of Caco-2 monolayers were evaluated using impedance spectrometry and MTT assays, no differences were noted. On the other hand, the microarray profiling of mRNAs and miRNAs revealed that grows on a microfluidic chip leads to the change in the production of specific miRNA, which regulate a set of genes for cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and provide for more complete differentiation of Caco-2 monolayer. Moreover, the sets of miRNAs secreted at the apical surface of Caco-2 monolayers grown in conventional 2D culture and in microfluidic device differ. Conclusions When integrated into a multi-tissue platform, Caco-2 cells may aid in generating insights into complex pathophysiological processes, not possible to dissect in conventional cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax VA, USA.,Research Center of Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Tsypina
- SRC BioClinicum, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- SRC BioClinicum, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Art photonics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Turchinovich A, Drapkina O, Tonevitsky A. Transcriptome of Extracellular Vesicles: State-of-the-Art. Front Immunol 2019; 10:202. [PMID: 30873152 PMCID: PMC6404625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles are two major categories of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by almost all cell types and are highly abundant in biological fluids. Both the molecular composition of EVs and their release are thought to be strictly regulated by external stimuli. Multiple studies have consistently demonstrated that EVs transfer proteins, lipids and RNA between various cell types, thus mediating intercellular communication, and signaling. Importantly, small non-coding RNAs within EVs are thought to be major contributors to the molecular events occurring in the recipient cell. Furthermore, RNA cargo in exosomes and microvesicles could hold tremendous potential as non-invasive biomarkers for multiple disorders, including pathologies of the immune system. This mini-review is aimed to provide the state-of-the-art in the EVs-associated RNA transcriptome field, as well as the comprehensive analysis of previous studies characterizing RNA content within EVs released by various cells using next-generation sequencing. Finally, we highlight the technical challenges associated with obtaining pure EVs and deep sequencing of the EV-associated RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Turchinovich
- SciBerg e.Kfm, Mannheim, Germany.,Molecular Epidemiology C080, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oxana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Department of Cell Biology, Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia.,SRC BioClinicum, Moscow, Russia
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