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Hamouda HA, Sayed RH, Eid NI, El-Sayeh BM. Azilsartan Attenuates 3-Nitropropinoic Acid-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: The Role of IĸB/NF-ĸB and KEAP1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathways. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1017-1033. [PMID: 38184805 PMCID: PMC10901959 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. Injection of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a widely used experimental model for induction of HD. The current study aimed to inspect the potential neuroprotective properties of azilsartan (Azil), an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ATR1), in 3-NP-induced striatal neurotoxicity in rats. Rats were randomly allocated into five groups and treated for 14 days as follows: group I received normal saline; group II received Azil (10 mg/kg, p.o.); group III received 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p); group IV and V received Azil (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o, respectively) 1 h prior to 3-NP injection. Both doses of Azil markedly attenuated motor and behavioural dysfunction as well as striatal histopathological alterations caused by 3-NP. In addition, Azil balanced striatal neurotransmitters levels as evidenced by the increase of striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid content and the decrease of glutamate content. Azil also amended neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via modulating IĸB/NF-ĸB and KEAP1/Nrf2 downstream signalling pathways, as well as reducing iNOS and COX2 levels. Moreover, Azil demonstrated an anti-apoptotic activity by reducing caspase-3 level and BAX/BCL2 ratio. In conclusion, the present study reveals the neuroprotective potential of Azil in 3-NP-induced behavioural, histopathological and biochemical changes in rats. These findings might be attributed to inhibition of ATR1/NF-κB signalling, modulation of Nrf2/KEAP1 signalling, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend A Hamouda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
- School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nihad I Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Bahia M El-Sayeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Graf A, Ksenofontov A, Bunik V. Inhibition of 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase as a Chemical Model of Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:751639. [PMID: 34977062 PMCID: PMC8718613 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.751639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hypoxia and inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) are known to change cellular amino acid pools, but the quantitative comparison of the metabolic and physiological outcomes has not been done. We hypothesize that OGDHC inhibition models metabolic changes caused by hypoxia, as both perturb the respiratory chain function, limiting either the NADH (OGDHC inhibition) or oxygen (hypoxia) supply. In the current study, we quantify the changes in the amino acid metabolism after OGDHC inhibition in the highly sensitive to hypoxia cerebellum and compare them to the earlier characterized changes after acute hypobaric hypoxia. In addition, the associated physiological effects are characterized and compared. A specific OGDHC inhibitor succinyl phosphonate (SP) is shown to act similar to hypoxia, increasing levels of many amino acids in the cerebellum of non-pregnant rats, without affecting those in the pregnant rats. Compared with hypoxia, stronger effects of SP in non-pregnant rats are observed on the levels of cerebellar amino acids, electrocardiography (ECG), and freezing time. In pregnant rats, hypoxia affects ECG and behavior more than SP, although none of the stressors significantly change the levels of cerebellar amino acids. The biochemical differences underlying the different physiological actions of SP and hypoxia are revealed by correlation analysis of the studied parameters. The negative correlations of cerebellar amino acids with OGDHC and/or tryptophan, shown to arise after the action of SP and hypoxia, discriminate the overall metabolic action of the stressors. More negative correlations are induced in the non-pregnant rats by hypoxia, and in the pregnant rats by SP. Thus, our findings indicate that the OGDHC inhibition mimics the action of acute hypobaric hypoxia on the cerebellar amino acid levels, but a better prediction of the physiological outcomes requires assessment of integral network changes, such as increases in the negative correlations among the amino acids, OGDHC, and/or tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Graf
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Nano-, Bio-, Informational and Cognitive and Socio-Humanistic Sciences and Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia.,Andrey Nikolaevich (A. N.) Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Ksenofontov
- Andrey Nikolaevich (A. N.) Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria Bunik
- Andrey Nikolaevich (A. N.) Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Biochemistry Department, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Sharma AR, Batra G, Saini L, Sharma S, Mishra A, Singla R, Singh A, Singh RS, Jain A, Bansal S, Modi M, Medhi B. Valproic acid and Propionic acid modulated mechanical pathways associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder at prenatal and neonatal exposure. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:399-408. [PMID: 34365961 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210806165430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a composite disorder of brain development with uncertain etiology and pathophysiology. Genetic factors are important in ASD causation, although environmental factors are also involved in ASD pathophysiology. Environmental factors might affect the genetic processes of brain development through the modulation of molecular pathways that might be involved with ASD. Valproic acid and Propionic acid are the major environmental factors that serve as medicine and food preservative. VPA is used as an anti-epileptic medicine, but it has adverse effects on pregnant women and alters the developmental patterns of the embryo. It is a multi-targeting agent and affects through the 5-HT, GABA, etc. PPA is a secondary metabolite of gut microbiota that is commonly used as a food preservative. PPA plays a significant role in ASD causation by altering the several developmental molecular pathways like PTEN/Akt, mTOR/Gskβ, Cytokines activated pathways, etc., at the prenatal and neonatal stage. Moreover, ASD complexity might be increased by some other important factors like vitamin A deficiency and Vitamin A is important for cortical brain development and neuronal cell differentiation. Additionally, several important genes such as RELN, Lhx2, CREB, IL-6, NMDA, BDNF, etc. also altered in ASD that involved in brain development, Central Nervous System, Enteric Nervous System. These genes affect the neuronal differentiation, hyperactivity, oxidative stress, oxytocin, and GABA imbalance that lead the improper behavior in autistic individuals. These genes are also studied in VPA and PPA ASD-like animal models. In this review, we explored the mechanical pathways that might be altered with VPA and PPA exposures at the embryonic developmental stage or neonatal developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Rubal Singla
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Rahul Soloman Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Seema Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology,Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. India
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Silva-Palacios A, Ostolga-Chavarría M, Buelna-Chontal M, Garibay C, Hernández-Reséndiz S, Roldán FJ, Flores PL, Luna-López A, Königsberg M, Zazueta C. 3-NP-induced Huntington's-like disease impairs Nrf2 activation without loss of cardiac function in aged rats. Exp Gerontol 2017. [PMID: 28624355 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death in patients over 60years with Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we investigated if age-related oxidative stress (OS) is a relevant factor to develop cardiac damage in an in vivo model of striatal neurodegeneration induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). We also evaluated the potential effect of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) to increase the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response in hearts from adult and aged rats intoxicated with 3-NP. Our results showed that 3-NP-treatment did not induce cardiac dysfunction, neither in adult nor in aged rats. However, at the cellular level, adult animals showed higher susceptibility to 3-NP-induced damage than aged rats, which suggest that chronic oxidative stress ongoing during aging might have induced an hormetic response that probably prevented from further 3-NP damage. We also found that the oxidative unbalance concurs with unresponsiveness of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in old animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Silva-Palacios
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico; Programa de Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - M Ostolga-Chavarría
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - M Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - C Garibay
- Departamento de Neuropatología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico
| | - S Hernández-Reséndiz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - F J Roldán
- Departamento de Ecocardiografía, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - P L Flores
- Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico
| | - A Luna-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico
| | - M Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico
| | - C Zazueta
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
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