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Tsou CH, Du JH, Yao WH, Fu L, Wu CS, Huang Y, Qu CL, Liao B. Improving Mechanical and Barrier Properties of Antibacterial Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) Nanocomposites Reinforced with Nano Zinc Oxide-Decorated Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2779. [PMID: 37447424 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano zinc oxide-decorated graphene (G-ZnO) was blended with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) to improve its tensile, thermal, crystalline, and barrier properties. The properties of neat PPS and PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposites were characterized and compared using various tests, including tensile tests, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, evaluation of Escherichia coli inhibition, and barrier performance. The results demonstrated that G-ZnO played a crucial role in heterogeneous nucleation and reinforcement. When the concentration of G-ZnO was 0.3%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, thermostability, crystallinity, and water vapor permeability coefficients (WVPC) approached their maximum values, and the microscopic morphology changed from the original brittle fracture to a relatively tough fracture. In addition, when G-ZnO was added to PPS at a ratio of 0.3%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, and WVPC of PPS were increased by 129%, 150%, and 283%, respectively, compared to pure PPS. G-ZnO endowed the nanocomposites with antibacterial properties. The improvement in barrier performance can be attributed to three reasons: (1) the presence of G-ZnO extended the penetration path of molecules; (2) the coordination and hydrogen bonds between PPS polymer matrix and G-ZnO nanofiller narrowed the H2O transmission path; and (3) due to its more hydrophobic surface, water molecules were less likely to enter the interior of PPS/G-ZnO nanocomposites. This study provides valuable insights for developing high-performance PPS-based nanocomposites for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Sichuan Bozhiduo Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610599, China
- Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610599, China
| | - Jian-Hua Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yao
- Department of Materials and textiles, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644005, China
| | - Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung 82101, Taiwan
| | - Yuxia Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Chang-Lei Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Bin Liao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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Tsou CH, Shui YJ, Du J, Yao WH, Wu CS, Suen MC, Chen S. Characterization and Morphology of Nanocomposite Hydrogels with a 3D Network Structure Prepared Using Attapulgite-Enhanced Polyvinyl Alcohol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112535. [PMID: 37299334 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this investigation, purified attapulgite (ATT) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were utilized to fabricate nanocomposite hydrogels and a xerogel, with a focus on studying the impact of minor additions of ATT on the properties of the PVA nanocomposite hydrogels and xerogel. The findings demonstrated that at a concentration of 0.75% ATT, the water content and gel fraction of the PVA nanocomposite hydrogel reached their peak. Conversely, the nanocomposite xerogel with 0.75% ATT reduced its swelling and porosity to the minimum. SEM and EDS analyses revealed that when the ATT concentration was at or below 0.5%, nano-sized ATT could be evenly distributed in the PVA nanocomposite xerogel. However, when the concentration of ATT rose to 0.75% or higher, the ATT began to aggregate, resulting in a decrease in porous structure and the disruption of certain 3D porous continuous structures. The XRD analysis further affirmed that at an ATT concentration of 0.75% or higher, a distinct ATT peak emerged in the PVA nanocomposite xerogel. It was observed that as the content of ATT increased, the concavity and convexity of the xerogel surface, as well as the surface roughness, decreased. The results also confirmed that the ATT was evenly distributed in the PVA, and a combination of hydrogen bonds and ether bonds resulted in a more stable gel structure. The tensile properties exhibited that when compared with pure PVA hydrogel, the maximum tensile strength and elongation at break were achieved at an ATT concentration of 0.5%, indicating increases of 23.0% and 11.8%, respectively. The FTIR analysis results showed that the ATT and PVA could generate an ether bond, further confirming that ATT could enhance the PVA properties. The TGA analysis showed that the thermal degradation temperature peaked when the ATT concentration was at 0.5%, providing further evidence that the compactness of the nanocomposite hydrogel and the dispersion of the nanofiller was superior, contributing to a substantial increase in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel. Finally, the dye adsorption results displayed a significant rise in dye removal efficiency for methylene blue with the increase in the ATT concentration. At an ATT concentration of 1%, the removal efficiency rose by 103% compared with that of the pure PVA xerogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yu-Jie Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Wei-Hua Yao
- Department of Materials and Textiles, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan, China
| | - Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, KaoYuan University, Kaohsiung County 82101, Taiwan, China
| | - Maw-Cherng Suen
- Department of Fashion Business Administration, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City 24305, Taiwan, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
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Sun YL, Tu LJ, Tsou CH, Lin SM, Lin L, De Guzman MR, Zeng R, Xia Y. Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable nanocomposites prepared by poly(lactic acid)/acetyl tributyl citrate reinforced with attapulgite. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Physical, mechanical and abrasive wear behavior of attapulgite reinforced walnut shell/PVC composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yuan L, Qu CL, Tsou CH, De Guzman MR, Huang X, Gao C, Sun YL, Yang T, Zeng C, Luo X, Tsou CY. Morphology and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene/graphite composite films as potential pH sensors prepared via heat treatment and natural drying. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03287-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Tsou CH, Zeng R, Tsou CY, Chen JC, Sun YL, Ma ZL, De Guzman MR, Tu LJ, Tian XY, Wu CS. Mechanical, Hydrophobic, and Barrier Properties of Nanocomposites of Modified Polypropylene Reinforced with Low-Content Attapulgite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173696. [PMID: 36080772 PMCID: PMC9459951 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Attapulgite (ATT) has never been used as a barrier additive in polypropylene (PP). As a filler, ATT should be added in high content to PP. However, that would result in increased costs. Moreover, the compatibility between ATT and the PP matrix is poor due to the lack of functional groups in PP. In this study, carboxylic groups were introduced to PP to form a modified polypropylene (MPP). ATT was purified, and a low content of it was added to MPP to prepare MPP/ATT nanocomposites. The analysis from FTIR indicated that ATT could react with MPP. According to the results of oxygen and water permeability tests, the barrier performance of the nanocomposite was optimal when the ATT content was 0.4%. This great improvement in barrier performance might be ascribed to the following three reasons: (1) The existence of ATT extended the penetration path of O2 or H2O molecules; (2) O2 or H2O molecules may be adsorbed and stored in the porous structure of ATT; (3) Most importantly, –COOH of MPP reacted with –OH on the surface of ATT, thereby the inner structure of the nanocomposite was denser, and it was less permeable to molecules. Therefore, nanocomposites prepared by adding ATT to MPP have excellent properties and low cost. They can be used as food packaging materials and for other related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hui Tsou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051, China
- Correspondence: (C.-H.T.); (C.-S.W.)
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Chih-Yuan Tsou
- Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051, China
- Sichuan Zhirenfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zigong 643000, China
| | - Jui-Chin Chen
- Department of Material and Textile, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Li Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Zheng-Lu Ma
- Sichuan Vocational College of Chemical Technology, Luzhou 646300, China
| | - Manuel Reyes De Guzman
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Lian-Jie Tu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Tian
- Department of Material and Textile, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung 82101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.T.); (C.-S.W.)
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Ge FF, Tsou CH, Yuan S, De Guzman MR, Zeng CY, Li J, Jia CF, Cheng BY, Yang PC, Gao C. Barrier performance and biodegradability of antibacterial poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) nanocomposites reinforced with a new MWCNT-ZnO nanomaterial. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:485706. [PMID: 34359060 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1b52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new nanomaterial or nano-filler in the form of multiwalled carbon nanotube-zinc oxide (MWCNT-ZnO) was synthesized for the purpose of modifying poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and its derivative (modified PBAT or MPBAT) through a melt-blending method (MPBAT was obtained by introducing maleic anhydride groups into PBAT). The effect of the new nano-filler on the properties of resultant nanocomposites was determined from the characterization of mechanical properties, morphology, crystallinity, thermal stability, barrier properties, hydrophilicity, conductivity, antibacterial property, and biodegradability. The results showed that MPBAT nanocomposites had stronger mechanical properties, better barrier properties, and higher electrical conductivity than PBAT nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated that MWCNT-ZnO had better compatibility with MPBAT than with PBAT. At 0.2% MWCNT-ZnO, the MPBAT/MWCNT-ZnO nanocomposite film exhibited the greatest mechanical properties (17.74% increase in tensile strength, 22.17% in yield strength, and 14.29% in elongation at break). When the MWCNT-ZnO content was 0.4%, the nanocomposite film demonstrated the best water vapor barrier ability (an increase of 30.4%). The MPBAT/MWCNT-ZnO film with 0.6% MWCNT-ZnO turned out to have the best oxygen barrier performance (an increase of 130% relative to pure PBAT). It was shown from the results of antibacterial evaluation that the new nanomaterial could impart PBAT and MPBAT with antibacterial activity. The biodegradability tests indicated that an MWCNT-ZnO content of 0.2% could slightly reduce the biodegradability, and when the content was higher than 0.2%, the weight loss rate would increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fan Ge
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hui Tsou
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials and Textiles, Oriental Institute of Technology, Pan-Chiao 22064, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County 82101, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Sichuan Golden-Elephant Sincerity Chemical Co. Ltd, Meishan 620010, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Yibin Plastic Packaging Materials Co. Ltd, Yibin 644007, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Zhixiangyi Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610051, People's Republic of China
- Sichuan Zhirenfa Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
- Center of Excellence in Textiles, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Manuel Reyes De Guzman
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Zeng
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- Chengdu Haiguang Nuclear Power Technology Service Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610051, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Fen Jia
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Yi Cheng
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yang
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gao
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
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