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Pan L, Li Y, Zhao W, Sui Y, Yang N, Liu L, Liu Y, Tang Z, Mu L. Metabolomics analysis of different diameter classes of Taxus chinensis reveals that the resource allocation is related to carbon and nitrogen metabolism. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:383. [PMID: 38724888 PMCID: PMC11080207 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Taxus chinensis (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its anticancer substance paclitaxel, and its growth age is also an important factor affecting its medicinal value. However, how age affects the physiological and metabolic characteristics and active substances of T. chinensis is still unclear. In this study, carbon and nitrogen accumulation, contents of active substances and changes in primary metabolites in barks and annual leaves of T. chinensis of different diameter classes were investigated by using diameter classes instead of age. The results showed that leaves and barks of small diameter class (D1) had higher content of non-structural carbohydrates and C, which were effective in enhancing defense capacity, while N content was higher in medium (D2) and large diameter classes (D3). Active substances such as paclitaxel, baccatin III and cephalomannine also accumulated significantly in barks of large diameter classes. Moreover, 21 and 25 differential metabolites were identified in leaves and barks of different diameter classes, respectively. The differential metabolites were enhanced the TCA cycle and amino acid biosynthesis, accumulate metabolites such as organic acids, and promote the synthesis and accumulation of active substances such as paclitaxel in the medium and large diameter classes. These results revealed the carbon and nitrogen allocation mechanism of different diameter classes of T. chinensis, and its relationship with medicinal components, providing a guidance for the harvesting and utilization of wild T. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liben Pan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yushu Sui
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Longjie Liu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Liqiang Mu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Long T, Wu X, Wang Y, Chen J, Xu C, Li J, Li J, Zang R. The population status and threats of Taxus cuspidata, a plant species with extremely small populations in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Su J, Yan Y, Song J, Li J, Mao J, Wang N, Wang W, Du FK. Recent Fragmentation May Not Alter Genetic Patterns in Endangered Long-Lived Species: Evidence From Taxus cuspidata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1571. [PMID: 30429863 PMCID: PMC6220038 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Forestland fragmentation caused by overexploitation of forest resources can in principle reduce genetic diversity, limit gene flow and eventually lead to species developing strong genetic structure. However, the genetic consequences of recent anthropogenic fragmentation of tree species remain unclear. Taxus cuspidata, which has extremely small populations distributed mainly in Changbai Mt. in Northeast (NE) China, has recently endured severe habitat fragmentation. Here, we investigate the pattern of genetic diversity and structure, identify risk factors, predict the future distribution and finally provide guidelines for the conservation and management of this species. We used three chloroplast and two mitochondrial DNA fragments, which are both paternally inherited in yews but differ in mutation rates, to genotype a total of 265 individuals from 26 populations covering the distribution of the species in China. Both chloroplast and mitochondrial data showed high degrees of genetic diversity, extensive gene flow over the entire geographical range and historical stability of both effective population size and distribution of the species. However, ecological niche modeling suggests a decrease in suitable areas for this species by the years 2050 and 2070. The maintenance of high genetic diversity and the existence of sufficient gene flow suggest that recent fragmentation has not affected the genetic composition of the long-lived tree T. cuspidata. However, severe impacts of anthropogenic activities are already threatening the species. Conservation and management strategies should be implemented in order to protect the remnant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Su
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Song
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqing Li
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Mao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang K. Du
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Liu J, Milne RI, Möller M, Zhu GF, Ye LJ, Luo YH, Yang JB, Wambulwa MC, Wang CN, Li DZ, Gao LM. Integrating a comprehensive DNA barcode reference library with a global map of yews (Taxus L.) for forensic identification. Mol Ecol Resour 2018; 18:1115-1131. [PMID: 29786943 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of endangered species is a critical component of biosurveillance and conservation management, and potentially policing illegal trades. However, this is often not possible using traditional taxonomy, especially where only small or preprocessed parts of plants are available. Reliable identification can be achieved via a comprehensive DNA barcode reference library, accompanied by precise distribution data. However, these require extensive sampling at spatial and taxonomic scales, which has rarely been achieved for cosmopolitan taxa. Here, we construct a comprehensive DNA barcode reference library and generate distribution maps using species distribution modelling (SDM), for all 15 Taxus species worldwide. We find that trnL-trnF is the ideal barcode for Taxus: It can distinguish all Taxus species and in combination with ITS identify hybrids. Among five analysis methods tested, NJ was the most effective. Among 4,151 individuals screened for trnL-trnF, 73 haplotypes were detected, all species-specific and some population private. Taxonomical, geographical and genetic dimensions of sampling strategy were all found to affect the comprehensiveness of the resulting DNA barcode library. Maps from SDM showed that most species had allopatric distributions, except T. mairei in the Sino-Himalayan region. Using the barcode library and distribution map data, two unknown forensic samples were identified to species (and in one case, population) level and another was determined as a putative interspecific hybrid. This integrated species identification system for Taxus can be used for biosurveillance, conservation management and to monitor and prosecute illegal trade. Similar identification systems are recommended for other IUCN- and CITES-listed taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard I Milne
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Guang-Fu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin-Jiang Ye
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya-Huang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Bo Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Moses C Wambulwa
- Biochemistry Department, South Eastern Kenya University, Kitui, Kenya
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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