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Application of bottom ash from cattle manure combustion for removing fluoride and inactivating pathogenic bacteria in wastewater. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Iron Phosphide Precatalyst for Electrocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye and Removal of Escherichia coli from Simulated Wastewater. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis using low-cost materials is a promising, economical strategy for remediation of water contaminated with organic chemicals and microorganisms. Here, we report the use of iron phosphide (Fe2P) precatalyst for electrocatalytic water oxidation; degradation of a representative aromatic hydrocarbon, the dye rhodamine B (RhB); and inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. It was found that during anodic oxidation, the Fe2P phase was converted to iron phosphate phase (Fe2P-iron phosphate). This is the first report that Fe2P precatalyst can efficiently catalyze electrooxidation of an organic molecule and inactivate microorganisms in aqueous media. Using a thin film of Fe2P precatalyst, we achieved 98% RhB degradation efficiency and 100% E. coli inactivation under an applied bias of 2.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in the presence of in situ generated reactive chlorine species. Recycling test revealed that Fe2P precatalyst exhibits excellent activity and reproducibility during degradation of RhB. High-performance liquid chromatography with UV-Vis detection further confirmed the electrocatalytic (EC) degradation of the dye. Finally, in tests using Lepidium sativum L., EC-treated RhB solutions showed significantly diminished phytotoxicity when compared to untreated RhB. These findings suggest that Fe2P-iron phosphate electrocatalyst could be an effective water remediation agent.
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Lin CJ, Zhang R, Waisner SA, Nawaz T, Center L, Gent DB, Johnson JL, Holland S. Effects of process factors on the performance of electrochemical disinfection for wastewater in a continuous-flow cell reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36573-36584. [PMID: 33704635 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although electrochemical disinfection has been shown to be an effective approach to inactivate bacteria in saline water, the effects of process parameters and reactor design for its application in low-salinity water have not been well understood. In this study, factorial experiments were performed to investigate the direct and confounded effects of applied current (5-20 mA), contact time (2.5-20 min), anode surface area (185-370 cm2), and chloride concentration (50-400 mg L-1) on the disinfection efficiency in fresh water and the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater. An electrochemical disinfection reactor cell with an internal volume of 75 cm3 was designed and fabricated. Residence time distribution analysis showed that the internal mixing of the reactor is similar to that of a dispersed plug-flow reactor. All studied process parameters showed significant effect on the kill efficiency, with the applied current and contact time having the most dominant effect. Although the effect of chloride concentration, which is responsible for electrochemical production of free chlorine in water, is statistically significant, it is not as prominent as those reported for high salinity water. A synergistic effect between chloride concentration and anode surface area was identified, leading to high kill efficiency (99.9%, 3 log kill) at low current density (0.0135 mA cm-2). Response surface modeling results suggested that a scaled-up disinfection reactor can be designed using large anode surface area with long contact time for high chloride water (400 mg L-1) or high current density with short contact time for low chloride water (50 mg L-1). The power requirement of a portable system treating 37.85 m3 day-1 (10,000 gpd) of municipal wastewater was estimated to be 1.9 to 8.3 kW to achieve a 3 log kill, depending on the reactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Jen Lin
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA.
| | - Ruolin Zhang
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
| | - Scott A Waisner
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Tabish Nawaz
- Center for Advances in Water & Air Quality, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, 77710, USA
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Maharashtra, 400076, India
| | - Lori Center
- Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA
| | - David B Gent
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Jared L Johnson
- Environmental Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, 39180, USA
| | - Sabin Holland
- Texas Research Institute for Environmental Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77341, USA
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Yun SS, Son YH, Jeong GP, Lee JH, Jeong JH, Bae JY, Kim SI, Park JH, Park JG. Dishing-free chemical mechanical planarization for copper films. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ramirez-Sanchez IM, Apul OG, Saleh NB. Photocatalytic activity of micron-scale brass on emerging pollutant degradation in water: mechanism elucidation and removal efficacy assessment. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39931-39942. [PMID: 35515381 PMCID: PMC9057414 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06153k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloys or smelted metal mixtures have served as cornerstones of human civilization. The advent of smelted copper and tin, i.e., bronze, in the 4th millennium B.C. in Mesopotamia has pioneered the preparation of other metal composites, such as brass (i.e., mixture of copper and zinc), since the bronze age. The contemporary use of these alloys has expanded beyond using their physical strength. The catalytic chemistry of micron-scale brass or copper–zinc alloy can be utilized to effectively degrade emerging contaminants (ECs) in water, which are presenting significant risks to human health and wildlife. Here, we examine the photocatalytic activity of a commercially available micro-copper–zinc alloy (KDF® 55, MicroCuZn), made with earth abundant metals, for oxidative removal of two ECs. The micron-scale brass is independently characterized for its morphology, which confirms that it has the β-brass phase and that its plasmonic response is around 475 nm. Estriol (E3), a well-known EC, is removed from water with ultraviolet (UV) radiation catalyzed by MicroCuZn and H2O2–MicroCuZn combinations. The synergy between H2O2, UV, and MicroCuZn enhances hydroxyl radical (˙OH) generation and exhibit a strong pseudo-first-order kinetic degradation of E3 with a decay constant of 1.853 × 10−3 min−1 (r2 = 0.999). Generation of ˙OH is monitored with N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (pNDA) and terephthalic acid (TA), which are effective ˙OH scavengers. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis has confirmed ZnO/CuO–Cu2O film formation after UV irradiation. The second EC studied here is Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, a psychotropic compound commonly consumed through recreational or medicinal use of marijuana. The exceptionally high solids–water partitioning propensity of THC makes adsorption the dominant removal mechanism, with photocatalysis potentially supporting the removal efficacy of this compound. These results indicate that MicroCuZn can be a promising oxidative catalyst especially for degradation of ECs, with possible reusability of this historically significant material with environmentally-friendly attributes. Micron-scale brass is a catalyst that can be activated with ultraviolet radiation to remove emerging contaminants from water via oxidation by hydroxyl radicals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwing M Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA +1 512 471 9175
| | - Onur G Apul
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - Navid B Saleh
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA +1 512 471 9175
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Photocatalytic Degradation of Estriol Using Iron-Doped TiO2 under High and Low UV Irradiation. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (Fe-TiO2) were synthesized and photocatalitically investigated under high and low fluence values of UV radiation. The Fe-TiO2 physical characterization was performed using X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS evidenced that the ferric ion (Fe3+) was in the TiO2 lattice and unintentionally added co-dopants were also present because of the precursors of the synthetic method. The Fe3+ concentration played a key role in the photocatalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and estriol (E3) degradation. Fe-TiO2 accomplished E3 degradation, and it was found that the catalyst with 0.3 at.% content of Fe (0.3 Fe-TiO2) enhanced the photocatalytic activity under low UV irradiation compared with TiO2 without intentionally added Fe (zero-iron TiO2) and Aeroxide® TiO2 P25. Furthermore, the enhanced photocatalytic activity of 0.3 Fe-TiO2 under low UV irradiation may have applications when radiation intensity must be controlled, as in medical applications, or when strong UV absorbing species are present in water.
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Ramírez-Sánchez IM, Tuberty S, Hambourger M, Bandala ER. Resource efficiency analysis for photocatalytic degradation and mineralization of estriol using TiO 2 nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1270-1285. [PMID: 28672726 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A resource efficiency analysis was developed that evaluated photocatalyst loading and temperature inputs, and assessed hydroxyl radical (OH) production. Catalyst loading (Aeroxide® TiO2 P25) between 1 and 1500 mg L-1 and temperatures between 5 and 50 °C were analyzed as input resources for OH production. After, the best experimental conditions were used to degrade and mineralize estriol (E3). The analysis showed that a low catalyst concentration lead to poor absorption of radiation and a slow reaction. When high catalyst concentrations were tested, most of the radiation was absorbed, which produced results near the top of the slowing rate of OH generation. Temperature was found a relevant resource for increasing interfacial transfer to facilitate OH production following the Arrhenius model. Two indices to measure resource efficiency were proposed: 1) the OH generation index (OHI) and 2) the initial degradation efficiency (IDE). OHI was used to measure the efficiency of a catalyst using photonic flux to generate OH production. IDE evaluated the relationship between the photocatalytic reactor set-up, catalyst, and E3 degradation. It was observed that 1.18 OH was produced when a photon interacts with a photocatalyst particle when a load of 5 mg L-1 of photocatalyst is used at 20 °C. It was found that at initial time, 2.4 OH was generated in the systems to produce a degradation of one E3 molecule when using a photocatalyst load of 20 mg L-1 at 20 °C. Additionally, it was demonstrated that E3 mineralization was feasible under different catalyst loading scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shea Tuberty
- Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Mike Hambourger
- Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, USA
| | - Erick R Bandala
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 755 E, Flamingo Road, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Haute SV, Sampers I, Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M. Selection Criteria for Water Disinfection Techniques in Agricultural Practices. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 55:1529-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.705360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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López-Gálvez F, Posada-Izquierdo GD, Selma MV, Pérez-Rodríguez F, Gobet J, Gil MI, Allende A. Electrochemical disinfection: an efficient treatment to inactivate Escherichia coli O157:H7 in process wash water containing organic matter. Food Microbiol 2012; 30:146-56. [PMID: 22265295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of an electrochemical treatment in water disinfection, using boron-doped diamond electrodes, was studied and its suitability for the fresh-cut produce industry analyzed. Tap water (TW), and tap water supplemented with NaCl (NaClW) containing different levels of organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) around 60, 300, 550 ± 50 and 750 ± 50 mg/L) obtained from lettuce, were inoculated with a cocktail of Escherichia coli O157:H7 at 10⁵ cfu/mL. Changes in levels of E. coli O157:H7, free, combined and total chlorine, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, COD and temperature were monitored during the treatments. In NaClW, free chlorine was produced more rapidly than in TW and, as a consequence, reductions of 5 log units of E. coli O157:H7 were achieved faster (0.17, 4, 15 and 24 min for water with 60, 300, 500 and 750 mg/L of COD, respectively) than in TW alone (0.9, 25, 60 min and 90 min for water with 60, 300, 600 and 800 mg/L of COD, respectively). Nonetheless, the equipment showed potential for water disinfection and organic matter reduction even without adding NaCl. Additionally, different mathematical models were assessed to account for microbial inactivation curves obtained from the electrochemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco López-Gálvez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Espinardo, Murcia, E-30100, Spain
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